League of Polish Families: Difference between revisions

League of Polish Families

Liga Polskich Rodzin
League of Polish Families Liga Polskich Rodzin
Leader	Witold Bałażak
Founder	Roman Giertych
Founded	30 May 2001
Merger of	National Democratic Party; National Party
Headquarters	ul. Hoża 9, 00-528 Warsaw
Ideology	Current:; Christian conservatism; Social conservatism; Civic nationalism; Anti-capitalism; Familialism; Pro-Europeanism; Historical:; National democracy ; Polish nationalism ; National conservatism; Political Catholicism ; Hard Euroscepticism
Political position	Right-wing; Historical:; Far-right
Religion	Roman Catholicism
National affiliation	Civic Coalition
European affiliation	European Christian Political Movement
Colours	Sky blue
Anthem	"Rota"
Sejm	0 / 460
Senate	0 / 100
European Parliament	0 / 51
Website
	www.lpr.pl
	Politics of Poland; Political parties; Elections; ^ A: Also considered economically left-wing.;

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The League of Polish Families (Polish: Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR) is a social conservative political party in Poland, with many far-right elements in the past.^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26] The party's original ideology was that of the National Democracy movement which was headed by Roman Dmowski, however, in 2006 its leader Roman Giertych distanced himself from that heritage.^[27]

It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński^[28] until the latter dissolved in September 2007.^[29] In the 2007 parliamentary election, it failed to gain the 5% threshold required to enter the Sejm and lost all its seats, even failing to cross the 3% threshold for eligibility to receive government funding. Since then, the party has become a minor political force, but continues to exist.

The All-Polish Youth used to be affiliated with the party as its youth wing, but these two organisations later severed their relations.

History

The LPR was created just before the elections in 2001 and gained 8% of the vote, giving it 38 out of 460 seats in the Sejm and two seats in the Senate. Its former leader, Roman Giertych, studied Law and History at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. During his career his political alliances have included such Polish National Democrats as Jan Łopuszański, Antoni Macierewicz,^[30] Gabriel Janowski.^[31]

Roman Giertych reactivated the "All-Polish Youth" (Młodzież Wszechpolska) organisation in 1989, becoming its chairman; he remains honorary chairman. For several years he was a member of the National-Democratic Party (Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne) and the National Party (Stronnictwo Narodowe), which merged with several other organisations to form the League of Polish Families (Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR) in 2001.

Roman Giertych's father, Maciej Giertych, also a member of LPR, is a former member of the European Parliament. His grandfather was a member of parliament of the Second Polish Republic prior to World War II from the National Democracy Party. Some sources claim that the LPR owes much of its success to Radio Maryja, a Catholic radio station with a nationalist, ultra-conservative agenda.

The performance of League of Polish Families in the September 2001 elections, has been partly attributed to its well publicized and uncompromising attitude towards the Jedwabne pogrom.^[32] During the election campaign Ryszard Bender, one of the LPR founders and leaders, participated in LPR television broadcasts denying the facts of the Jedwabne pogrom of 1941 and accusing President Aleksander Kwaśniewski, who participated in commemoration ceremony, that took place in the village of Jedwabne in July 2001, of bowing to Jewish interest groups.^[33]

Soon after the election in 2001 a group of deputies separated from LPR, creating a new party known now as Polish Agreement led by Jan Łopuszański and Catholic-National Movement (Ruch Katolicko-Narodowy) led by Antoni Macierewicz.^[34]^{[citation needed]}

In the 2004 elections to the European Parliament, LPR received 15,2% votes, which gave it 10 out of 54 seats reserved for Poland in the European Parliament. This made the LPR the second-largest party in Poland in that election, second only to the liberal conservative Civic Platform (PO), and well ahead of the then ruling post-communist Democratic Left Alliance, the populist Samoobrona and the conservative Law and Justice (PiS). However, the overall turnout of that election was less than 20% of eligible voters. Thus, the long-term significance of the LPR's strong performance in that election is unclear. In the 2005 elections, LPR again received 8% of votes, but saw its seats reduced from 38 to 34. However, it gained five seats in the Senate, taking it up to seven.

In the 2007 Parliamentary election, it failed to gain the 5% of votes required to enter the Sejm and lost all its seats, in addition to failing meeting the 3% of votes requirement for eligibility to receive government funding. The leader of the party, Roman Giertych, stepped down from his post as the party's leader.

Some present or former members of LPR (including Janusz Dobrosz) and five of its MEPs moved to Forward Poland in 2008/9.

In the 2010s, the party became more moderate and changed its attitude towards the European Union. In parliamentary and presidential elections, it usually supports the candidates of the Civic Platform or the Polish People's Party. In 2019, LPR declared its accession to the European Coalition. Roman Giertych is an active politician in the ruling coalition, and has stated successfully ran for the Sejm in the 2023 Polish parliamentary election as part of the Civic Coalition.

Ideology

The party was described as belonging to the populist current in European politics, that juxtaposes the 'simple man' and the 'corrupt elite'.^[35]

The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics described the party as clerical-nationalist,^[36] the party's agenda combining conservative social values, Christian solidarity and nationalism. Adam Michnik has characterized the groups that formed the party as the heirs of the chauvinist, xenophobic and antisemitic organizations of the pre-war Poland.^[37]

Some of the policies the LPR opposes include: the selling of land to foreigners (especially German expellees), abolishing the draft, legalization of "soft drugs", legalization of abortion, euthanasia, and gay marriage. It supports capital punishment, maintaining universal health care and public education, and supports the withdrawal of Polish troops from Iraq. The LPR also supports the publication of the complete archives of the Polish communist secret police—in other words, full "de-Communization".^{[citation needed]}

Economically, the party takes an anti-interventionist and anti-capitalist stance. It is strongly critical of Balcerowicz Plan, the neoliberal economic reforms that transitioned Polish economy to free-market capitalism in the 1990s. LPR argues that it enrichened very few, creating oligarchs in Poland who formed local "capital empires", called "children of Balcerowicz" by the party. The party contrasts them with the 'victims of Balcerowicz', such as the farmers, unemployed, poor and disadvantaged, who were "were robbed by Balcerowicz financial politics". The party supports economic interventionism and nationalization of the economy - it is strongly opposed to privatization and cuts in social welfare, and calls for expelling foreign firms and capital from the Polish economy. According to political scientists Tomasz Zarycki and George Kolankiewicz, LPR holds "objectively left-wing views on issues such as privatisation, state intervention in the economy and redistribution of wealth", combined with "strong opposition to Polish EU membership and, more generally, a nationalist and anti-cosmopolitan worldview."^[38]

The party supports for the "defense of Polish property" through nationalization of most Polish industries, development of domestic agriculture via state intervention and protectionist measures, as well as creating a economy that would prioritize care for Polish families and the homeless. It claims to be a voice of the disadvantaged groups that became the "losers" of socioeconomic changes in Poland, caused by globalization, privatization and austerity.^[39] LPR rejects capitalism as a system that causes the "McDonaldization of the planet"; it also condemns neoliberalism and the tradition of economic liberalism in general as "lumpenliberalism" that is characterized by consumptionism and hedonism rather than serving the needs of the poor and disadvantaged.^[40] It postulates the creation of an extensive system of welfare and social protection. Political scientist Tim Bale described LPR as an overtly anti-capitalist party.^[5]

The party particularly appealed to voters sympathetic towards traditional social values, the Catholic faith, and the concept of Polish national sovereignty. Its policies also attract some who feel lost in the post-1989 political transformation of the country, although the populist Andrzej Lepper's Samoobrona ("Self Defense"), also speaking out for the 'simple man', menaced by the post 1989 changes^[35] thus, appeal more directly to so-called marginalized voters. The press close to the party has published antisemitic articles; some of the Polish politicians like Adam Michnik have been characterized as pink hyenas representing non-Polish interests, assisted by Mossad and “godless, satanical masons propagating nihilism and demoralisation.” Those “dark forces” are said to be fiercely opposed to a Catholic state of the Polish nation.^[41]

The party was considered staunchly homophobic,^[42] and its opposition to same-sex marriage and several other demands of Polish gays and lesbians has led to condemnation of the party by the European Commission.^[43] It was also labelled as antisemitic by some authors.^[44]^[45]

In the 2010s, LPR ceased to arouse controversy and began gradually moving to the centre. The party is no longer xenophobic and Eurosceptic. Its views on religion have also become more moderate.

Stance towards the European Union

The party was anti-EU. The Economist reported in 2002 that the LPR spreads the word that the EU is a communist conspiracy.^[46] Although it was the only significant political force in Poland that unconditionally opposed Polish membership in the European Union (believing that a union controlled by social liberals could never be reformed), after Polish accession to the EU the party participated in European Parliament elections, in order to have actual influence over decisions made regarding Poland. During the 2004 controversy surrounding Rocco Buttiglione (the conservative Italian nominee as European Commissioner for "Justice, Freedom, and Security"), the LPR deputies demanded the dissolution of the parliament, feeling that it was too much under the influence of a homosexual lobby. ^{[citation needed]}. In 2004, 31 MEPs from the UK, Poland, Denmark and Sweden formed the new Independence/Democracy, formerly the group for Europe of Democracies and Diversities. The main goals of this group were the rejection of any European Constitution and opposition to any plans for a federal Europe. Currently, LPR is pro-European and considers membership in the European Union as the will of the Polish nation. Although it retains its nationalistic ideology, it mainly supports the EU.

Election results

Sejm

Election year	# of votes	% of vote	# of overall seats won	+/–	Government
2001	1,025,148	7.9 (#6)	38 / 460		SLD-UP-PSL (2001-2003)
					SLD-UP (2003-2005)
					SLD-UP-SDPL (2004-2005)
2005	940,762	8.0 (#5)	34 / 460	4	PiS Minority (2005)
					PiS–SRP–LPR (2006-2007)
					PiS Minority (2007)
2007	209,171	1.3 (#6)	0 / 460	34	PO–PSL

Senate

Election year	# of overall seats won	+/–
2001	2 / 100
2005	7 / 100	5
2007	0 / 100	7

European Parliament

Election year	# of votes	% of vote	# of overall seats won	+/–
2004	969,689	15.9 (#2)	10 / 54
2009	83,754	1.1 (#8)	0 / 50	10
Running as part of Libertas Poland.

Regional assemblies

Election year	% of vote	# of overall seats won	+/–
2002	14.4 (#4)	92 / 561
2006	4.7 (#6)	11 / 561	81
2010		0 / 561	11
2014	0.3 (#19)	0 / 555

Literature

The League of Polish Families between East and West, past and present by Sarah L. de Lange and Simona Guerrab. In: Communist and Post-Communist Studies. Volume 42, Issue 4, December 2009, pp. 527–549

References

^ "Obradował Kongres Ligi Polskich Rodzin". lpr.pl. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ "Roman Giertych on X: "W Teksasie, za zgodą SN, de facto zlikwidowano aborcję. Zmienia się powoli na świecie podejście do tego tragicznego dziedzictwa XX wieku."". Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
^ Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. December 2011. p. 540. ISBN 9781442209961. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
^ "Giertych zaczepia Bąkiewicza: "Mój wujek z Kedywu walnąłby ci w łeb". Internauci oburzeni: "Żenujące"; "Niebywałe"". Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
^ ^a ^b Bale, Tim; Szczerbiak, Aleks (December 2006). "Why is there no Christian Democracy in Poland (and why does this matter)?". Party Politics. SEI Working Paper. 14 (4). Sussex European Institute: 13. ISSN 1350-4649.
^ "Roman Giertych o deklaracji LGBT Trzaskowskiego: Popełnił Błąd". Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
^ "Powrót LPR - Popiera Koalicję Europejską". rp.pl. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
^ ^a ^b De Wilde, Pieter; Trenz, Hans-Jörg; Michailidou, Asimina (2013). Contesting Europe: Exploring Euroscepticism in Online Media Coverage. ECPR Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-1907301513. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
^ Belavusau, Uladzislau (8 October 2013). Freedom of Speech: Importing European and US Constitutional Models in Transitional Democracies. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 978-1135071981. Retrieved 12 September 2014.
^ Jean-Michel De Waele; Anna Pacześniak (2012). "The Europeanisation of Poland's Political Parties and Party System". In Erol Külahci (ed.). Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems. ECPR Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-907301-84-1. Archived from the original on 2023-09-08. Retrieved 2020-05-01.
^ Gwiazda, Anna (2015). Democracy in Poland. Routledge. national conservative League of Polish Families (LPR) had a high percentage of women
^ "EU country briefing: Poland". Euractiv. 15 April 2019. Archived from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
^ Bakke, Elisabeth (2010), "Central and East European party systems since 1989", Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989, Cambridge University Press, p. 80, ISBN 9781139487504, archived from the original on 8 September 2023, retrieved 17 November 2011
^ "Robert Biedroń: Giertych to powrót do przeszłości". Retrieved 24 September 2023.
^ Auer, Stefan (31 July 2004), Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe, Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 9781134378609, retrieved 10 December 2011
^ Neumayer, Laure (2009), "Euroscepticism as a Political Label in Central Europe: What has Changed with the Accession?", Euroscepticism and European integration, CPI/PSRC, p. 186, ISBN 9789537022204, retrieved 10 December 2011
^ Pankowski, Rafal; Kornak, Marcin (2005), "Poland", Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe, Routledge, p. 157, ISBN 9780415355933, retrieved 10 December 2011
^ Porter, Brian (2006), "Rydzyk, Tadeusz", Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 479, ISBN 9780313323621, retrieved 10 December 2011
^ "Grzegorz Schetyna: Roman Giertych będzie światłem, które pokaże słabość Jarosława Kaczyńskiego". Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
^ Gorbaniuk, Oleg [in Polish] (2010). "Wpływ katastrofy pod Smoleńskiem na atrybucję cech osobowości ugrupowaniom politycznym" [The Impact of the Smolensk Air Crash on the Attribution of Personality Traits to Political Parties] (PDF). Current Problems of Psychiatry. 11 (2). John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin: 118. League of Polish Families – ultra-catholic, radical nationalist party. It combines social conservatism with isolationism (anti-EU) and left-wing economic policies, based upon its own interpretation of Catholic Social Teaching.
^ Arató, Krisztina; Kaniok, Petr (2009). Euroscepticism and European Integration. Cpi/PSRC. ISBN 9789537022204. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ Domenico, Roy Palmer; Hanley, Mark Y. (2006). Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics: L-Z. ISBN 9780313323621. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. ISBN 9780415355933. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ [1] Archived 2023-05-03 at the Wayback Machine (“extreme right”)
^ Fogelklou, Anders; Sterzel, Fredrik (2003). Consolidating Legal Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. ISBN 9789187582189. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ Seleny, Anna (13 February 2006). The Political Economy of State-Society Relations in Hungary and Poland. ISBN 9780521835640. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/wyborcza/1,34591,3484547.html%7Ctytuł=Dmowskiego^{[permanent dead link]} do Ligi bym nie przyjął|opublikowany=gazeta.pl
^ "Polish President Appoints His Twin Brother as Premier (Update2)". Bloomberg. 10 July 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
^ "Centre-Right Parties Almost Tied in Poland: Angus Reid Global Monitor". Archived from the original on June 15, 2009.
^ Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. (11 April 2009). The Neighbors Respond. ISBN 978-1400825813. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ "Not Quite a Revolution". EurActiv - EU News & policy debates, across languages. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ Stefan Auer (2004). Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe. Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 0-415-31479-8.
^ Cas Mudde (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 0-415-35593-1. OCLC 55228719.
^ de Lange, Sarah L.; Guerra, Simona (December 2009). "The League of Polish Families Between East and West, Past and Present". Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 42 (2): 535 – via JSTOR.
^ ^a ^b Borejsza, Jerzy W.; Ziemer, Klaus; Hułas, Magdalena (2006). Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781571816412. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ 'Social Poland'Defeats 'Liberal Poland'? The September–October 2005 Polish Parliamentary and Presidential Elections by Aleks Szczerbiak. In: Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Volume 23, Issue 2 June 2007, pages 203 - 232
^ The Polish Witch-Hunt By Adam Michnik. Available at http://www.hacusa.org/NoticedInThePress/2007/NYRB_062807__Michnik_Adam__Poland.doc Archived 2011-03-12 at the Wayback Machine., accessed 23 August 2010.
^ Zarycki, Tomasz; Kolankiewicz, George (2003). Regional Issues in Polish Politics. SSEES Occasional Papers. London: School of Slavonic and East European Studies. p. 144. ISBN 0903425718.
^ Moroska, Aleksandra; Zuba, Krzysztof (2010). "Two faces of Polish populism: the causes of the success and fall of Self Defence and the League of Polish Families". Totalitarismus und Demokratie. 7 (1). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: 123–147. ISSN 1612-9008.
^ Zając, Ryszard (15 July 2007). "Mapa drogowa Giertycha" (in Polish).
^ Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in Europe, legacies and lessons from the twentieth century. By Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas, Instytut Historii (Polska Akademia Nauk). p. 365.
^ Tarrant, Shira (10 December 2007). Men Speak Out. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780203935064. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ "Poland: School Censorship Proposal Threatens Basic Rights - Human Rights Watch". Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
^ Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-415-35593-3.
^ Michlic, Joanna B. (2006). Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present. University of Nebraska Press. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8032-3240-2.
^ Poland's right-wingers On the rise. The Economist, Dec 12th 2002

External links

(in Polish) Official website

[1] "Obradował Kongres Ligi Polskich Rodzin". lpr.pl. Archived from the original on 23 September 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

[2] "Roman Giertych on X: "W Teksasie, za zgodą SN, de facto zlikwidowano aborcję. Zmienia się powoli na świecie podejście do tego tragicznego dziedzictwa XX wieku."". Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

[soccon-3] Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. December 2011. p. 540. ISBN 9781442209961. Retrieved 12 September 2014.

[4] "Giertych zaczepia Bąkiewicza: "Mój wujek z Kedywu walnąłby ci w łeb". Internauci oburzeni: "Żenujące"; "Niebywałe"". Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

[bale-5] Bale, Tim; Szczerbiak, Aleks (December 2006). "Why is there no Christian Democracy in Poland (and why does this matter)?". Party Politics. SEI Working Paper. 14 (4). Sussex European Institute: 13. ISSN 1350-4649.

[6] "Roman Giertych o deklaracji LGBT Trzaskowskiego: Popełnił Błąd". Archived from the original on 15 January 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

[7] "Powrót LPR - Popiera Koalicję Europejską". rp.pl. Archived from the original on 18 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.

[eusc-8] De Wilde, Pieter; Trenz, Hans-Jörg; Michailidou, Asimina (2013). Contesting Europe: Exploring Euroscepticism in Online Media Coverage. ECPR Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-1907301513. Retrieved 12 September 2014.

[belavusau-9] Belavusau, Uladzislau (8 October 2013). Freedom of Speech: Importing European and US Constitutional Models in Transitional Democracies. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 978-1135071981. Retrieved 12 September 2014.

[DeWaelePacześniak2012-10] Jean-Michel De Waele; Anna Pacześniak (2012). "The Europeanisation of Poland's Political Parties and Party System". In Erol Külahci (ed.). Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems. ECPR Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-907301-84-1. Archived from the original on 2023-09-08. Retrieved 2020-05-01.

[11] Gwiazda, Anna (2015). Democracy in Poland. Routledge. national conservative League of Polish Families (LPR) had a high percentage of women

[12] "EU country briefing: Poland". Euractiv. 15 April 2019. Archived from the original on 13 March 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.

[13] Bakke, Elisabeth (2010), "Central and East European party systems since 1989", Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989, Cambridge University Press, p. 80, ISBN 9781139487504, archived from the original on 8 September 2023, retrieved 17 November 2011

[14] "Robert Biedroń: Giertych to powrót do przeszłości". Retrieved 24 September 2023.

[15] Auer, Stefan (31 July 2004), Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe, Routledge, p. 94, ISBN 9781134378609, retrieved 10 December 2011

[16] Neumayer, Laure (2009), "Euroscepticism as a Political Label in Central Europe: What has Changed with the Accession?", Euroscepticism and European integration, CPI/PSRC, p. 186, ISBN 9789537022204, retrieved 10 December 2011

[17] Pankowski, Rafal; Kornak, Marcin (2005), "Poland", Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe, Routledge, p. 157, ISBN 9780415355933, retrieved 10 December 2011

[18] Porter, Brian (2006), "Rydzyk, Tadeusz", Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics, Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 479, ISBN 9780313323621, retrieved 10 December 2011

[19] "Grzegorz Schetyna: Roman Giertych będzie światłem, które pokaże słabość Jarosława Kaczyńskiego". Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

[20] Gorbaniuk, Oleg [in Polish] (2010). "Wpływ katastrofy pod Smoleńskiem na atrybucję cech osobowości ugrupowaniom politycznym" [The Impact of the Smolensk Air Crash on the Attribution of Personality Traits to Political Parties] (PDF). Current Problems of Psychiatry. 11 (2). John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin: 118. League of Polish Families – ultra-catholic, radical nationalist party. It combines social conservatism with isolationism (anti-EU) and left-wing economic policies, based upon its own interpretation of Catholic Social Teaching.

[21] Arató, Krisztina; Kaniok, Petr (2009). Euroscepticism and European Integration. Cpi/PSRC. ISBN 9789537022204. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[22] Domenico, Roy Palmer; Hanley, Mark Y. (2006). Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics: L-Z. ISBN 9780313323621. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[23] Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. ISBN 9780415355933. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[24] [1] Archived 2023-05-03 at the Wayback Machine (“extreme right”)

[25] Fogelklou, Anders; Sterzel, Fredrik (2003). Consolidating Legal Reform in Central and Eastern Europe. ISBN 9789187582189. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[26] Seleny, Anna (13 February 2006). The Political Economy of State-Society Relations in Hungary and Poland. ISBN 9780521835640. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[27] ttps://serwisy.gazeta.pl/wyborcza/1,34591,3484547.html%7Ctytuł=Dmowskiego^{[permanent dead link]} do Ligi bym nie przyjął|opublikowany=gazeta.pl

[28] "Polish President Appoints His Twin Brother as Premier (Update2)". Bloomberg. 10 July 2006. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2017.

[29] "Centre-Right Parties Almost Tied in Poland: Angus Reid Global Monitor". Archived from the original on June 15, 2009.

[30] Polonsky, Antony; Michlic, Joanna B. (11 April 2009). The Neighbors Respond. ISBN 978-1400825813. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[31] "Not Quite a Revolution". EurActiv - EU News & policy debates, across languages. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[Auer-32] Stefan Auer (2004). Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe. Routledge. p. 67. ISBN 0-415-31479-8.

[Cas-33] Cas Mudde (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 0-415-35593-1. OCLC 55228719.

[34] Lange, Sarah L.; Guerra, Simona (December 2009). "The League of Polish Families Between East and West, Past and Present". Communist and Post-Communist Studies. 42 (2): 535 – via JSTOR.

[books.google.com-35] Borejsza, Jerzy W.; Ziemer, Klaus; Hułas, Magdalena (2006). Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe. Berghahn Books. ISBN 9781571816412. Archived from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[36] 'Social Poland'Defeats 'Liberal Poland'? The September–October 2005 Polish Parliamentary and Presidential Elections by Aleks Szczerbiak. In: Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Volume 23, Issue 2 June 2007, pages 203 - 232

[37] The Polish Witch-Hunt By Adam Michnik. Available at http://www.hacusa.org/NoticedInThePress/2007/NYRB_062807__Michnik_Adam__Poland.doc Archived 2011-03-12 at the Wayback Machine., accessed 23 August 2010.

[38] Zarycki, Tomasz; Kolankiewicz, George (2003). Regional Issues in Polish Politics. SSEES Occasional Papers. London: School of Slavonic and East European Studies. p. 144. ISBN 0903425718.

[39] Moroska, Aleksandra; Zuba, Krzysztof (2010). "Two faces of Polish populism: the causes of the success and fall of Self Defence and the League of Polish Families". Totalitarismus und Demokratie. 7 (1). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: 123–147. ISSN 1612-9008.

[40] Zając, Ryszard (15 July 2007). "Mapa drogowa Giertycha" (in Polish).

[41] Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in Europe, legacies and lessons from the twentieth century. By Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas, Instytut Historii (Polska Akademia Nauk). p. 365.

[42] Tarrant, Shira (10 December 2007). Men Speak Out. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780203935064. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[43] "Poland: School Censorship Proposal Threatens Basic Rights - Human Rights Watch". Archived from the original on 5 March 2008. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[44] Mudde, Cas (2005). Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-415-35593-3.

[45] Michlic, Joanna B. (2006). Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present. University of Nebraska Press. p. 363. ISBN 978-0-8032-3240-2.

[46] Poland's right-wingers On the rise. The Economist, Dec 12th 2002

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 | merger           = National Democratic Party<br>[[National Party (1989)|National Party]]
 | headquarters     = ul. Hoża 9, 00-528 [[Warsaw]]
-| ideology         = {{nowrap|'''Current:'''<br />[[Christian right|Christian conservatism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GiertychRoman/status/1433340300060250113|title=Roman Giertych on X: "W Teksasie, za zgodą SN, de facto zlikwidowano aborcję. 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Internauci oburzeni: "Żenujące"; "Niebywałe"|access-date=28 August 2023|archive-date=28 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828135823/https://wpolityce.pl/polityka/609046-giertych-do-bakiewicza-moj-wujek-walnalby-ci-w-leb|url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[Familialism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://polskieradio24.pl/5/1222/artykul/2275407,roman-giertych-o-deklaracji-lgbt-trzaskowski-popelnil-blad|title=Roman Giertych o deklaracji LGBT Trzaskowskiego: Popełnił Błąd.|access-date=28 August 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115191528/https://polskieradio24.pl/5/1222/artykul/2275407,roman-giertych-o-deklaracji-lgbt-trzaskowski-popelnil-blad|url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Powrót LPR - Popiera Koalicję Europejską.|publisher=rp.pl|url=https://www.rp.pl/Wybory-do-PE/190319880-Powrot-Ligi-Polskich-Rodzin-Popiera-Koalicje-Europejska.html|access-date=18 May 2019|archive-date=18 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518135817/https://www.rp.pl/Wybory-do-PE/190319880-Powrot-Ligi-Polskich-Rodzin-Popiera-Koalicje-Europejska.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />'''Historical:'''<br />[[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]]<ref name=eusc>{{cite book|last1=De Wilde|first1=Pieter|last2=Trenz|first2=Hans-Jörg|last3=Michailidou|first3=Asimina|title=Contesting Europe: Exploring Euroscepticism in Online Media Coverage|year=2013 |publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1907301513|page=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EY0G0w18fy4C&pg=PA160 |access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> <br /> [[Polish nationalism]]<ref name=belavusau>{{cite book|last1=Belavusau|first1=Uladzislau|title=Freedom of Speech: Importing European and US Constitutional Models in Transitional Democracies|date=8 October 2013 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135071981|page=158|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acVEAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA158 |access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> <br />[[National conservatism]]<ref name="DeWaelePacześniak2012">{{cite book|author1=Jean-Michel De Waele|author2=Anna Pacześniak|chapter=The Europeanisation of Poland's Political Parties and Party System|editor=Erol Külahci|title=Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|year=2012|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-907301-84-1|page=131|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2023-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171823/https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Democracy in Poland|quote=national conservative League of Polish Families (LPR) had a high percentage of women|first=Anna|last=Gwiazda|publisher=Routledge|year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=[[Euractiv]]|title=EU country briefing: Poland|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/eu-country-briefing-poland/|date=15 April 2019|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313161013/https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/eu-country-briefing-poland/|url-status=live}}</ref><br /> [[Political Catholicism]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Elisabeth |last=Bakke |title=Central and East European party systems since 1989 |work=Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |page=80 |isbn=9781139487504 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C&pg=PA80 |access-date=17 November 2011 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171824/https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C&pg=PA80 |url-status=live }}</ref> <br /> [[Euroscepticism|Hard Euroscepticism]]<ref name=eusc />}}
+| ideology         = {{nowrap|'''Current:'''<br />[[Christian right|Christian conservatism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GiertychRoman/status/1433340300060250113|title=Roman Giertych on X: "W Teksasie, za zgodą SN, de facto zlikwidowano aborcję. Zmienia się powoli na świecie podejście do tego tragicznego dziedzictwa XX wieku."|access-date=28 August 2023|archive-date=28 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828135822/https://twitter.com/GiertychRoman/status/1433340300060250113|url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[Social conservatism]]<ref name=soccon>{{cite book|title=Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties|date=December 2011 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=9781442209961|page=540|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kyzd8hYRkxUC&pg=PA540 |access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref><br />[[Civic nationalism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wpolityce.pl/polityka/609046-giertych-do-bakiewicza-moj-wujek-walnalby-ci-w-leb|title=Giertych zaczepia Bąkiewicza: "Mój wujek z Kedywu walnąłby ci w łeb". Internauci oburzeni: "Żenujące"; "Niebywałe"|access-date=28 August 2023|archive-date=28 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828135823/https://wpolityce.pl/polityka/609046-giertych-do-bakiewicza-moj-wujek-walnalby-ci-w-leb|url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[Anti-capitalism]]<ref name="bale">{{cite journal|last1=Bale|first1=Tim|last2=Szczerbiak|first2=Aleks|author-link1=Tim Bale|issn=1350-4649|date=December 2006|title=Why is there no Christian Democracy in Poland (and why does this matter)?|url=https://sussex.figshare.com/articles/report/Why_is_there_no_Christian_Democracy_in_Poland_and_why_does_this_matter_/23344934|journal=Party Politics |volume=14 |issue=4|series=SEI Working Paper|publisher=Sussex European Institute|page=13}}</ref><br />[[Familialism]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://polskieradio24.pl/5/1222/artykul/2275407,roman-giertych-o-deklaracji-lgbt-trzaskowski-popelnil-blad|title=Roman Giertych o deklaracji LGBT Trzaskowskiego: Popełnił Błąd.|access-date=28 August 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115191528/https://polskieradio24.pl/5/1222/artykul/2275407,roman-giertych-o-deklaracji-lgbt-trzaskowski-popelnil-blad|url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[Pro-Europeanism]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Powrót LPR - Popiera Koalicję Europejską.|publisher=rp.pl|url=https://www.rp.pl/Wybory-do-PE/190319880-Powrot-Ligi-Polskich-Rodzin-Popiera-Koalicje-Europejska.html|access-date=18 May 2019|archive-date=18 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518135817/https://www.rp.pl/Wybory-do-PE/190319880-Powrot-Ligi-Polskich-Rodzin-Popiera-Koalicje-Europejska.html|url-status=live}}</ref><br />'''Historical:'''<br />[[National Democracy (Poland)|National democracy]]<ref name=eusc>{{cite book|last1=De Wilde|first1=Pieter|last2=Trenz|first2=Hans-Jörg|last3=Michailidou|first3=Asimina|title=Contesting Europe: Exploring Euroscepticism in Online Media Coverage|year=2013 |publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1907301513|page=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EY0G0w18fy4C&pg=PA160 |access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> <br /> [[Polish nationalism]]<ref name=belavusau>{{cite book|last1=Belavusau|first1=Uladzislau|title=Freedom of Speech: Importing European and US Constitutional Models in Transitional Democracies|date=8 October 2013 |publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135071981|page=158|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acVEAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA158 |access-date=12 September 2014}}</ref> <br />[[National conservatism]]<ref name="DeWaelePacześniak2012">{{cite book|author1=Jean-Michel De Waele|author2=Anna Pacześniak|chapter=The Europeanisation of Poland's Political Parties and Party System|editor=Erol Külahci|title=Europeanisation and Party Politics: How the EU affects Domestic Actors, Patterns and Systems|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|year=2012|publisher=ECPR Press|isbn=978-1-907301-84-1|page=131|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2023-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171823/https://books.google.com/books?id=H8T9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA131|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Democracy in Poland|quote=national conservative League of Polish Families (LPR) had a high percentage of women|first=Anna|last=Gwiazda|publisher=Routledge|year=2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=[[Euractiv]]|title=EU country briefing: Poland|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/eu-country-briefing-poland/|date=15 April 2019|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-date=13 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313161013/https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/eu-country-briefing-poland/|url-status=live}}</ref><br /> [[Political Catholicism]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Elisabeth |last=Bakke |title=Central and East European party systems since 1989 |work=Central and Southeast European Politics Since 1989 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |page=80 |isbn=9781139487504 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C&pg=PA80 |access-date=17 November 2011 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171824/https://books.google.com/books?id=oFXdiS25N78C&pg=PA80 |url-status=live }}</ref> <br /> [[Euroscepticism|Hard Euroscepticism]]<ref name=eusc />}}
-| position         = [[Right-wing]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/robert-biedron-giertych-powrot-do-przeszlosci-adrian-zandberg-pamietamy-co-wyprawial|title=Robert Biedroń: Giertych to powrót do przeszłości.|access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref><br/>'''Historical''':<br>[[Far-right]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Stefan |last=Auer |title=Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe |date=31 July 2004 |publisher=Routledge |page=94 |isbn=9781134378609 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhNsM_ttOb4C&pg=PA94 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Laure |last=Neumayer |title=Euroscepticism as a Political Label in Central Europe: What has Changed with the Accession? |work=Euroscepticism and European integration |publisher=CPI/PSRC |year=2009 |page=186 |isbn=9789537022204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mGBy6HeVIEC&pg=PA186 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first1=Rafal |last1=Pankowski |first2=Marcin |last2=Kornak |title=Poland |work=Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |page=157 |isbn=9780415355933 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=PA157 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Brian |last=Porter |title=Rydzyk, Tadeusz |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=479 |isbn=9780313323621 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTDg8ZCg5mgC&pg=PA479 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref>
+| position         = [[Right-wing]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/robert-biedron-giertych-powrot-do-przeszlosci-adrian-zandberg-pamietamy-co-wyprawial|title=Robert Biedroń: Giertych to powrót do przeszłości.|access-date=24 September 2023}}</ref>{{cref|A}}<br/>'''Historical''':<br>[[Far-right]]<ref>{{Citation |first=Stefan |last=Auer |title=Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe |date=31 July 2004 |publisher=Routledge |page=94 |isbn=9781134378609 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhNsM_ttOb4C&pg=PA94 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Laure |last=Neumayer |title=Euroscepticism as a Political Label in Central Europe: What has Changed with the Accession? |work=Euroscepticism and European integration |publisher=CPI/PSRC |year=2009 |page=186 |isbn=9789537022204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mGBy6HeVIEC&pg=PA186 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first1=Rafal |last1=Pankowski |first2=Marcin |last2=Kornak |title=Poland |work=Racist extremism in Central and Eastern Europe |publisher=Routledge |year=2005 |page=157 |isbn=9780415355933 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=PA157 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |first=Brian |last=Porter |title=Rydzyk, Tadeusz |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=2006 |page=479 |isbn=9780313323621 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTDg8ZCg5mgC&pg=PA479 |access-date=10 December 2011}}</ref>
 | colours          = [[Sky blue]]
 | european         = [[European Christian Political Movement]]
@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 | religion         = [[Roman Catholicism]]
 | national         = [[Civic Coalition (Poland)|Civic Coalition]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art39013811-grzegorz-schetyna-roman-giertych-bedzie-swiatlem-ktore-pokaze-slabosc-jaroslawa-kaczynskiego|title=Grzegorz Schetyna: Roman Giertych będzie światłem, które pokaże słabość Jarosława Kaczyńskiego|access-date=28 August 2023|archive-date=28 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828124544/https://www.rp.pl/polityka/art39013811-grzegorz-schetyna-roman-giertych-bedzie-swiatlem-ktore-pokaze-slabosc-jaroslawa-kaczynskiego|url-status=live}}</ref>
+| footnotes         = {{cnote|A|Also considered economically left-wing.<ref>{{cite journal |trans-title=The Impact of the Smolensk Air Crash on the Attribution of Personality Traits to Political Parties |title=Wpływ katastrofy pod Smoleńskiem na atrybucję cech osobowości ugrupowaniom politycznym |journal=Current Problems of Psychiatry |year=2010 |volume=11 |issue=2 |first=Oleg |last=Gorbaniuk |author-link=:pl:Oleg Gorbaniuk |publisher=John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin |page=118 |url=https://www.kul.pl/files/155/public/2010_-_Gorbaniuk_O._2010_._The_Impact_of_the_Smolensk_Air_Crash_on_the_Attribution_of_Personality_Traits_to_Political_Parties._Current_problems_of_psychiatry_11_2_112-118..pdf |quote="League of Polish Families – ultra-catholic, radical nationalist party. It combines social conservatism with isolationism (anti-EU) and left-wing economic policies, based upon its own interpretation of Catholic Social Teaching."}}</ref>}}
 | seats1_title     = [[Sejm of the Republic of Poland|Sejm]]
 | seats1           = {{Composition bar|0|460|hex=#CEE3EE}}
@@ Line 26: / Line 27: @@
 }}
 {{Politics of Poland}}
-The '''League of Polish Families''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Liga Polskich Rodzin'', '''LPR''') is a [[Social conservatism|social conservative]] [[List of political parties in Poland|political party in Poland]], with many [[far-right]] elements in the past.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mGBy6HeVIEC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA186 |title=Euroscepticism and European Integration |isbn=9789537022204 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Arató |first1=Krisztina |last2=Kaniok |first2=Petr |year=2009 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171824/https://books.google.com/books?id=0mGBy6HeVIEC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA186 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTDg8ZCg5mgC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA479 |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics: L-Z |isbn=9780313323621 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Domenico |first1=Roy Palmer |last2=Hanley |first2=Mark Y. |year=2006 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171828/https://books.google.com/books?id=RTDg8ZCg5mgC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA479 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA157 |title=Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe |isbn=9780415355933 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Mudde |first1=Cas |year=2005 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171824/https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA157 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BhNsM_ttOb4C&dq=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503080311/https://books.google.com/books?id=BhNsM_ttOb4C&dq=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA94|date=2023-05-03}} (“extreme right”)</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQEIAQAAMAAJ&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right |title=Consolidating Legal Reform in Central and Eastern Europe |isbn=9789187582189 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Fogelklou |first1=Anders |last2=Sterzel |first2=Fredrik |year=2003 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908172325/https://books.google.com/books?id=IQEIAQAAMAAJ&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i89VOJzIuOAC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA269 |title=The Political Economy of State-Society Relations in Hungary and Poland |isbn=9780521835640 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Seleny |first1=Anna |date=13 February 2006 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908172325/https://books.google.com/books?id=i89VOJzIuOAC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA269 |url-status=live }}</ref> The party's original ideology was that of the [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]] movement which was headed by [[Roman Dmowski]], however in 2006 its leader [[Roman Giertych]] distanced himself from that heritage.<ref>http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/wyborcza/1,34591,3484547.html|tytuł=Dmowskiego{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} do Ligi bym nie przyjął|opublikowany=gazeta.pl</ref>
+The '''League of Polish Families''' ([[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Liga Polskich Rodzin'', '''LPR''') is a [[Social conservatism|social conservative]] [[List of political parties in Poland|political party in Poland]], with many [[far-right]] elements in the past.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0mGBy6HeVIEC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA186 |title=Euroscepticism and European Integration |isbn=9789537022204 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Arató |first1=Krisztina |last2=Kaniok |first2=Petr |year=2009 |publisher=Cpi/PSRC |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171824/https://books.google.com/books?id=0mGBy6HeVIEC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA186 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTDg8ZCg5mgC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA479 |title=Encyclopedia of Modern Christian Politics: L-Z |isbn=9780313323621 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Domenico |first1=Roy Palmer |last2=Hanley |first2=Mark Y. |year=2006 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171828/https://books.google.com/books?id=RTDg8ZCg5mgC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA479 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA157 |title=Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe |isbn=9780415355933 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Mudde |first1=Cas |year=2005 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908171824/https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA157 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BhNsM_ttOb4C&dq=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA94] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503080311/https://books.google.com/books?id=BhNsM_ttOb4C&dq=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA94|date=2023-05-03}} (“extreme right”)</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQEIAQAAMAAJ&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right |title=Consolidating Legal Reform in Central and Eastern Europe |isbn=9789187582189 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Fogelklou |first1=Anders |last2=Sterzel |first2=Fredrik |year=2003 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908172325/https://books.google.com/books?id=IQEIAQAAMAAJ&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i89VOJzIuOAC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA269 |title=The Political Economy of State-Society Relations in Hungary and Poland |isbn=9780521835640 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Seleny |first1=Anna |date=13 February 2006 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908172325/https://books.google.com/books?id=i89VOJzIuOAC&q=league+of+polish+families+far-right&pg=PA269 |url-status=live }}</ref> The party's original ideology was that of the [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]] movement which was headed by [[Roman Dmowski]], however, in 2006 its leader [[Roman Giertych]] distanced himself from that heritage.<ref>http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/wyborcza/1,34591,3484547.html|tytuł=Dmowskiego{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} do Ligi bym nie przyjął|opublikowany=gazeta.pl</ref>
-It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the [[cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aZ_976eFsBXU | work=Bloomberg | title=Polish President Appoints His Twin Brother as Premier (Update2) | date=10 July 2006 | access-date=8 March 2017 | archive-date=30 September 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033726/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aZ_976eFsBXU | url-status=live }}</ref> until the latter dissolved in September 2007.<ref>[http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/28390/centre_right_parties_almost_tied_in_poland/ Centre-Right Parties Almost Tied in Poland: Angus Reid Global Monitor<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615184110/http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/28390/centre_right_parties_almost_tied_in_poland/ |date=2009-06-15 }}</ref> In [[2007 Polish parliamentary election|the 2007 parliamentary election]], it failed to gain the 5% threshold required to enter the [[Sejm]] and lost all its seats, even failing to cross the 3% threshold for eligibility to receive government funding. Since then, the party has become a minor political force, but continues to exist.
+It was represented in the Polish parliament, forming part of the [[cabinet of Jarosław Kaczyński]]<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aZ_976eFsBXU | work=Bloomberg | title=Polish President Appoints His Twin Brother as Premier (Update2) | date=10 July 2006 | access-date=8 March 2017 | archive-date=30 September 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930033726/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aZ_976eFsBXU | url-status=live }}</ref> until the latter dissolved in September 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/28390/centre_right_parties_almost_tied_in_poland/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615184110/http://www.angus-reid.com/polls/view/28390/centre_right_parties_almost_tied_in_poland/|url-status=dead|title=Centre-Right Parties Almost Tied in Poland: Angus Reid Global Monitor<!-- Bot generated title -->|archivedate=June 15, 2009}}</ref> In [[2007 Polish parliamentary election|the 2007 parliamentary election]], it failed to gain the 5% threshold required to enter the [[Sejm]] and lost all its seats, even failing to cross the 3% threshold for eligibility to receive government funding. Since then, the party has become a minor political force, but continues to exist.
 The [[All-Polish Youth]] used to be affiliated with the party as its youth wing, but these two organisations later severed their relations.
 == History ==
-The LPR was created just before the [[2001 Polish parliamentary election|elections in 2001]] and gained 8% of the vote, giving it 38 out of 460 seats in the [[Sejm]] and 2 seats in the [[Senate of the Republic of Poland|Senate]]. Its former leader, [[Roman Giertych]], studied Law and History at [[Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań]]. During his career his political alliances have included such Polish National Democrats as Jan Łopuszański, [[Antoni Macierewicz]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_49GjK8ovMC&q=%22League+of+Polish+Families+Antoni+Macierewicz%22&pg=PA70 |title=The Neighbors Respond |isbn=978-1400825813 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Polonsky |first1=Antony |last2=Michlic |first2=Joanna B. |date=11 April 2009 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908172326/https://books.google.com/books?id=a_49GjK8ovMC&q=%22League+of+Polish+Families+Antoni+Macierewicz%22&pg=PA70 |url-status=live }}</ref> Gabriel Janowski.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/quite-revolution/article-118205|title=Not Quite a Revolution|work=EurActiv - EU News & policy debates, across languages|access-date=4 March 2015|archive-date=9 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609225720/http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/quite-revolution/article-118205|url-status=dead}}</ref>
+The LPR was created just before the [[2001 Polish parliamentary election|elections in 2001]] and gained 8% of the vote, giving it 38 out of 460 seats in the [[Sejm]] and two seats in the [[Senate of the Republic of Poland|Senate]]. Its former leader, [[Roman Giertych]], studied Law and History at [[Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań]]. During his career his political alliances have included such Polish National Democrats as Jan Łopuszański, [[Antoni Macierewicz]],<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a_49GjK8ovMC&q=%22League+of+Polish+Families+Antoni+Macierewicz%22&pg=PA70 |title=The Neighbors Respond |isbn=978-1400825813 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Polonsky |first1=Antony |last2=Michlic |first2=Joanna B. |date=11 April 2009 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908172326/https://books.google.com/books?id=a_49GjK8ovMC&q=%22League+of+Polish+Families+Antoni+Macierewicz%22&pg=PA70 |url-status=live }}</ref> Gabriel Janowski.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/quite-revolution/article-118205|title=Not Quite a Revolution|work=EurActiv - EU News & policy debates, across languages|access-date=4 March 2015|archive-date=9 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609225720/http://www.euractiv.com/en/enlargement/quite-revolution/article-118205|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-[[Roman Giertych]] reactivated the "[[All-Polish Youth]]" (''Młodzież Wszechpolska'') organization in 1989, becoming its chairman; he remains honorary chairman. For several years he was a member of the National-Democratic Party (''Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne'') and the [[National Party (1989)|National Party]] (''Stronnictwo Narodowe''), which merged with several other organizations to form the League of Polish Families (''Liga Polskich Rodzin'', LPR) in 2001.
+[[Roman Giertych]] reactivated the "[[All-Polish Youth]]" (''Młodzież Wszechpolska'') organisation in 1989, becoming its chairman; he remains honorary chairman. For several years he was a member of the National-Democratic Party (''Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne'') and the [[National Party (1989)|National Party]] (''Stronnictwo Narodowe''), which merged with several other organisations to form the League of Polish Families (''Liga Polskich Rodzin'', LPR) in 2001.
 Roman Giertych's father, [[Maciej Giertych]], also a member of LPR, is a former member of the [[European Parliament]]. His grandfather was a member of parliament of the [[Second Polish Republic]] prior to [[World War II]] from the [[National Democracy (Poland)|National Democracy]] Party. Some sources claim that the LPR owes much of its success to [[Radio Maryja]], a Catholic radio station with a nationalist, ultra-conservative agenda.
-The performance of League of Polish Families in the September 2001 elections, has been partly attributed to its well publicized and uncompromising attitude towards [[Jedwabne pogrom]].<ref name="Auer">{{cite book | author =Stefan Auer | title =Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe | year =2004 | page = 67 | publisher =Routledge | isbn=0-415-31479-8 }}</ref>  During the election campaign [[Ryszard Bender]], one of the LPR founders and leaders, participated in LPR television broadcasts denying the facts of the Jedwabne pogrom of 1941 and accusing President [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]], who participated in commemoration ceremony, that took place in the village of Jedwabne in July 2001, of bowing to Jewish interest groups.<ref name="Cas">{{cite book | author = Cas Mudde | title = Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | year =2005 | page = 159 | publisher = Routledge| location =London | isbn=0-415-35593-1 | oclc =55228719 }}</ref>
+The performance of League of Polish Families in the September 2001 elections, has been partly attributed to its well publicized and uncompromising attitude towards the [[Jedwabne pogrom]].<ref name="Auer">{{cite book | author =Stefan Auer | title =Liberal Nationalism in Central Europe | year =2004 | page = 67 | publisher =Routledge | isbn=0-415-31479-8 }}</ref>  During the election campaign [[Ryszard Bender]], one of the LPR founders and leaders, participated in LPR television broadcasts denying the facts of the Jedwabne pogrom of 1941 and accusing President [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]], who participated in commemoration ceremony, that took place in the village of Jedwabne in July 2001, of bowing to Jewish interest groups.<ref name="Cas">{{cite book | author = Cas Mudde | title = Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | year =2005 | page = 159 | publisher = Routledge| location =London | isbn=0-415-35593-1 | oclc =55228719 }}</ref>
 Soon after the election in 2001 a group of deputies separated from LPR, creating a new party known now as [[Polish Agreement]] led by Jan Łopuszański and [[Catholic-National Movement]] (Ruch Katolicko-Narodowy) led by [[Antoni Macierewicz]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=de Lange|first1=Sarah L.|last2=Guerra|first2=Simona|date=December 2009|title=The League of Polish Families Between East and West, Past and Present|journal=Communist and Post-Communist Studies|volume=42|issue=2|pages=535|via=JSTOR}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}}
-In the [[2004 European Parliament election in Poland|2004 elections to the European Parliament]] LPR received 15,2% votes, which gave it 10 out of 54 seats reserved for Poland in the [[European Parliament]]. This made the LPR the second largest party in Poland in that election, second only to the [[liberal conservatism|liberal conservative]] [[Civic Platform]] (PO), and well ahead of the then ruling post-[[communist]] [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]], the populist [[Samoobrona]] and the [[conservatism|conservative]] [[Law and Justice]] (PiS). However, overall turnout  of that election was less than 20% of eligible voters. Thus, the long-term significance of the LPR's strong performance in that election is unclear. In the [[2005 Polish parliamentary election|2005 elections]] LPR again received 8% of votes, but saw its seats reduced from 38 to 34. However, it gained five seats in the Senate, taking it up to 7.
+In the [[2004 European Parliament election in Poland|2004 elections to the European Parliament]], LPR received 15,2% votes, which gave it 10 out of 54 seats reserved for Poland in the [[European Parliament]]. This made the LPR the second-largest party in Poland in that election, second only to the [[liberal conservatism|liberal conservative]] [[Civic Platform]] (PO), and well ahead of the then ruling post-[[communist]] [[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|Democratic Left Alliance]], the populist [[Samoobrona]] and the [[conservatism|conservative]] [[Law and Justice]] (PiS). However, the overall turnout of that election was less than 20% of eligible voters. Thus, the long-term significance of the LPR's strong performance in that election is unclear. In the [[2005 Polish parliamentary election|2005 elections]], LPR again received 8% of votes, but saw its seats reduced from 38 to 34. However, it gained five seats in the Senate, taking it up to seven.
-In [[2007 Polish parliamentary election|the 2007 Parliamentary election]] it failed to gain the 5% of votes required to enter the [[Sejm]] and lost all its seats, in addition to failing meeting the 3% of votes requirement for eligibility to receive government funding. The leader of the party, [[Roman Giertych]], stepped down from his post as the party's leader.
+In [[2007 Polish parliamentary election|the 2007 Parliamentary election]], it failed to gain the 5% of votes required to enter the [[Sejm]] and lost all its seats, in addition to failing meeting the 3% of votes requirement for eligibility to receive government funding. The leader of the party, [[Roman Giertych]], stepped down from his post as the party's leader.
 Some present or former members of LPR (including [[Janusz Dobrosz]]) and five of its MEPs moved to ''[[Forward Poland]]'' in 2008/9.
-In the 2010s, the party became more moderate and changed its attitude towards the [[European Union]]. In parliamentary and presidential elections it usually supports the candidates of the [[Civic Platform]] or the [[Polish People's Party]]. In 2019, LPR declared its accession to the [[European Coalition (Poland)|European Coalition]]. [[Roman Giertych]] is an active supporter of polish opposition and [[Committee for the Defence of Democracy]]. He also cooperates with [[Civic Platform]] and [[Poland 2050]]. Its leader, [[Roman Giertych]], has stated his intention to run for the [[Senate of Poland|Polish senate]] in the upcoming [[2023 Polish parliamentary election]].
+In the 2010s, the party became more moderate and changed its attitude towards the [[European Union]]. In parliamentary and presidential elections, it usually supports the candidates of the [[Civic Platform]] or the [[Polish People's Party]]. In 2019, LPR declared its accession to the [[European Coalition (Poland)|European Coalition]]. [[Roman Giertych]] is an active politician in the ruling coalition, and has stated successfully ran for the [[Sejm]] in the [[2023 Polish parliamentary election]] as part of the [[Civic Coalition (Poland)|Civic Coalition]].
 == Ideology ==
-The party was described as belonging to the [[populism|populist]] current in European politics, that juxtaposes the 'simple man' and the 'corrupt elite'.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&q=Liga+Polskich+Rodzin&pg=PA364 |title=Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe |isbn=9781571816412 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Borejsza |first1=Jerzy W. |last2=Ziemer |first2=Klaus |last3=Hułas |first3=Magdalena |year=2006 |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908172326/https://books.google.com/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&q=Liga+Polskich+Rodzin&pg=PA364 |url-status=live }}</ref>
+The party was described as belonging to the [[populism|populist]] current in European politics, that juxtaposes the 'simple man' and the 'corrupt elite'.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&q=Liga+Polskich+Rodzin&pg=PA364 |title=Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes in Europe |isbn=9781571816412 |access-date=4 March 2015 |last1=Borejsza |first1=Jerzy W. |last2=Ziemer |first2=Klaus |last3=Hułas |first3=Magdalena |year=2006 |publisher=Berghahn Books |archive-date=8 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230908172326/https://books.google.com/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&q=Liga+Polskich+Rodzin&pg=PA364 |url-status=live }}</ref>
-The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics described the party as [[cleric]]al-[[nationalist]],<ref>'Social Poland'Defeats 'Liberal Poland'? The September–October 2005 Polish Parliamentary and Presidential Elections by Aleks Szczerbiak. In: Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Volume 23, Issue 2 June 2007, pages 203 - 232</ref> the party's agenda combining conservative social values, Christian solidarism and nationalism. [[Adam Michnik]] has characterized the groups that formed the party as the heirs of the [[chauvinism|chauvinist]], [[xenophobia|xenophobic]] and [[antisemitism|antisemitic]] organizations of the pre-war Poland.<ref>The Polish Witch-Hunt By Adam Michnik. Available at http://www.hacusa.org/NoticedInThePress/2007/NYRB_062807__Michnik_Adam__Poland.doc {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312013025/http://www.hacusa.org/NoticedInThePress/2007/NYRB_062807__Michnik_Adam__Poland.doc |date=2011-03-12 }}., accessed 23 August 2010.</ref>
+The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics described the party as [[cleric]]al-[[nationalist]],<ref>'Social Poland'Defeats 'Liberal Poland'? The September–October 2005 Polish Parliamentary and Presidential Elections by Aleks Szczerbiak. In: Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Volume 23, Issue 2 June 2007, pages 203 - 232</ref> the party's agenda combining conservative social values, Christian solidarity and nationalism. [[Adam Michnik]] has characterized the groups that formed the party as the heirs of the [[chauvinism|chauvinist]], [[xenophobia|xenophobic]] and [[antisemitism|antisemitic]] organizations of the pre-war Poland.<ref>The Polish Witch-Hunt By Adam Michnik. Available at http://www.hacusa.org/NoticedInThePress/2007/NYRB_062807__Michnik_Adam__Poland.doc {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312013025/http://www.hacusa.org/NoticedInThePress/2007/NYRB_062807__Michnik_Adam__Poland.doc |date=2011-03-12 }}., accessed 23 August 2010.</ref>
 Some of the policies the LPR opposes include: the selling of land to foreigners (especially German [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II#Poland, including former German territories|expellees]]), abolishing the draft, legalization of "soft drugs", legalization of [[abortion]], [[euthanasia]], and [[gay marriage]]. It supports [[capital punishment]], maintaining [[universal health care]] and [[public education]], and supports the withdrawal of Polish troops from [[Iraq]]. The LPR also supports the publication of the complete archives of the [[Służba Bezpieczeństwa|Polish communist secret police]]—in other words, full "de-Communization".{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}
+Economically, the party takes an anti-interventionist and anti-capitalist stance. It is strongly critical of [[Balcerowicz Plan]], the neoliberal economic reforms that transitioned Polish economy to free-market capitalism in the 1990s. LPR argues that it enrichened very few, creating oligarchs in Poland who formed local "capital empires", called "children of Balcerowicz" by the party. The party contrasts them with the 'victims of Balcerowicz', such as the farmers, unemployed, poor and disadvantaged, who were "were robbed by Balcerowicz financial politics". The party supports economic interventionism and nationalization of the economy - it is strongly opposed to privatization and cuts in social welfare, and calls for expelling foreign firms and capital from the Polish economy. According to political scientists Tomasz Zarycki and George Kolankiewicz, LPR holds "objectively left-wing views on issues such as privatisation, state intervention in the economy and redistribution of wealth", combined with "strong opposition to Polish EU membership and, more generally, a nationalist and anti-cosmopolitan worldview."<ref>{{cite book |title=Regional Issues in Polish Politics |first1=Tomasz |last1=Zarycki |first2=George |last2=Kolankiewicz |publisher=School of Slavonic and East European Studies |location=London |year=2003 |series=SSEES Occasional Papers |issue=60 |isbn=0903425718 |url=https://archive.org/details/SSEES0028 |page=144}}</ref>
-The party particularly appealed to voters sympathetic towards traditional social values, the Catholic faith, and the concept of Polish national sovereignty. Its policies also attract some who feel lost in the post-1989 political transformation of the country, although the populist [[Andrzej Lepper|Andrzej Lepper's]] Samoobrona ("Self Defense"), also speaking out for the 'simple man', menaced by the post 1989 changes<ref name="books.google.com"/> thus appeal more directly to so-called marginalized voters. The press close to the party has published [[antisemitic]] articles; some of the Polish politicians like [[Adam Michnik]] have been characterized as pink hyenas representing non-Polish interests, assisted by [[Mossad]] and “godless, satanical [[Freemasonry|masons]] propagating [[nihilism]] and demoralisation.” Those “dark forces” are said to be fiercely opposed to a Catholic state of the [[Polish people|Polish nation]].<ref>Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in Europe, legacies and lessons from the twentieth century. By Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas, Instytut Historii (Polska Akademia Nauk). [https://books.google.com/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&pg=PA365 p. 365].</ref>
+The party supports for the "defense of Polish property" through nationalization of most Polish industries, development of domestic agriculture via state intervention and protectionist measures, as well as creating a economy that would prioritize care for Polish families and the homeless. It claims to be a voice of the disadvantaged groups that became the "losers" of socioeconomic changes in Poland, caused by globalization, privatization and austerity.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Two faces of Polish populism: the causes of the success and fall of Self Defence and the League of Polish Families |first1=Aleksandra |last1=Moroska |first2=Krzysztof |last2=Zuba |journal=Totalitarismus und Demokratie |volume=7 |issue=1 |year=2010 |pages=123–147 |issn=1612-9008 |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |location=Göttingen}}</ref> LPR rejects capitalism as a system that causes the "[[McDonaldization]] of the planet"; it also condemns neoliberalism and the tradition of [[economic liberalism]] in general as "lumpenliberalism" that is characterized by consumptionism and hedonism rather than serving the needs of the poor and disadvantaged.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nkjp.uni.lodz.pl/ParagraphMetadata?pid=1dfccc938a4cf09bd52c105d74da1d4d&match_start=8836&match_end=8857&wynik=17 |title=Mapa drogowa Giertycha |first=Ryszard |last=Zając |date=15 July 2007 |language=pl}}</ref> It postulates the creation of an extensive system of welfare and social protection. Political scientist [[Tim Bale]] described LPR as an overtly anti-capitalist party.<ref name="bale"/>
-The party was considered staunchly homophobic,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQXqxfMGpKYC&pg=PA95 |title=Men Speak Out|isbn=9780203935064 |access-date=4 March 2015|last1=Tarrant |first1=Shira |date=10 December 2007 }}</ref> and its opposition to [[same-sex marriage]] and several other demands of Polish gays and lesbians has led to condemnation of the party by the [[European Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/03/16/poland15512.htm|title=Poland: School Censorship Proposal Threatens Basic Rights - Human Rights Watch|access-date=4 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305134948/http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2007/03/16/poland15512.htm|archive-date=5 March 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was also labelled as antisemitic by some authors.<ref>{{cite book | last = Mudde | first = Cas | title = Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | publisher = Routledge | year = 2005 | page = 159 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=RA1-PA159 | isbn = 978-0-415-35593-3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Michlic | first = Joanna B. | title = Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present | publisher = University of Nebraska Press | year = 2006 | page = 363 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=t6h2pI7o_zQC&pg=PA363 | isbn = 978-0-8032-3240-2 }}</ref>
+The party particularly appealed to voters sympathetic towards traditional social values, the Catholic faith, and the concept of Polish national sovereignty. Its policies also attract some who feel lost in the post-1989 political transformation of the country, although the populist [[Andrzej Lepper|Andrzej Lepper's]] Samoobrona ("Self Defense"), also speaking out for the 'simple man', menaced by the post 1989 changes<ref name="books.google.com"/> thus, appeal more directly to so-called marginalized voters. The press close to the party has published [[antisemitic]] articles; some of the Polish politicians like [[Adam Michnik]] have been characterized as pink hyenas representing non-Polish interests, assisted by [[Mossad]] and “godless, satanical [[Freemasonry|masons]] propagating [[nihilism]] and demoralisation.” Those “dark forces” are said to be fiercely opposed to a Catholic state of the [[Polish people|Polish nation]].<ref>Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes in Europe, legacies and lessons from the twentieth century. By Jerzy W. Borejsza, Klaus Ziemer, Magdalena Hułas, Instytut Historii (Polska Akademia Nauk). [https://books.google.com/books?id=olpKYhgrS48C&pg=PA365 p. 365].</ref>
-In the 2010s LPR ceased to arouse controversy and began gradually moving to the [[Centrism|centre]]. The party is no longer [[xenophobic]] and [[Eurosceptic]]. Its views on [[religion]] have also become more moderate.
+The party was considered staunchly homophobic,<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQXqxfMGpKYC&pg=PA95 |title=Men Speak Out|isbn=9780203935064 |access-date=4 March 2015|last1=Tarrant |first1=Shira |date=10 December 2007 |publisher=Taylor & Francis }}</ref> and its opposition to [[same-sex marriage]] and several other demands of Polish gays and lesbians has led to condemnation of the party by the [[European Commission]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hrw.org/english/docs/2007/03/16/poland15512.htm|title=Poland: School Censorship Proposal Threatens Basic Rights - Human Rights Watch|access-date=4 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080305134948/http://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2007/03/16/poland15512.htm|archive-date=5 March 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was also labelled as antisemitic by some authors.<ref>{{cite book | last = Mudde | first = Cas | title = Racist Extremism in Central and Eastern Europe | publisher = Routledge | year = 2005 | page = 159 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YB-ZwiBf5HgC&pg=RA1-PA159 | isbn = 978-0-415-35593-3 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Michlic | first = Joanna B. | title = Poland's Threatening Other: The Image of the Jew from 1880 to the Present | publisher = University of Nebraska Press | year = 2006 | page = 363 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=t6h2pI7o_zQC&pg=PA363 | isbn = 978-0-8032-3240-2 }}</ref>
+In the 2010s, LPR ceased to arouse controversy and began gradually moving to the [[Centrism|centre]]. The party is no longer [[xenophobic]] and [[Eurosceptic]]. Its views on [[religion]] have also become more moderate.
 === Stance towards the European Union ===
@@ Line 80: / Line 85: @@
 ! Government
 |-
-! rowspan="3"| [[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]]
+!rowspan="3"|[[2001 Polish parliamentary election|2001]]
-| rowspan="3"| 1,025,148
+|rowspan="3"|1,025,148
-| rowspan="3"| 7.9 (#6)
+|rowspan="3"|7.9 (#6)
-| rowspan="3"| {{Composition bar|38|460|hex={{party color|League of Polish Families}}}}
+|rowspan="3"|{{Composition bar|38|460|hex={{party color|League of Polish Families}}}}
 |
 |{{no2|<small>[[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|SLD]]-[[Labour Union (Poland)|UP]]-[[Polish People's Party|PSL]] (2001-2003)</small>}}
@@ Line 93: / Line 98: @@
 |{{no2|<small>[[Democratic Left Alliance (Poland)|SLD]]-[[Labour Union (Poland)|UP]]-[[Social Democracy of Poland|SDPL]] (2004-2005)</small>}}
 |-
-!rowspan="2"|  [[2005 Polish parliamentary election|2005]]
+!rowspan="3"|[[2005 Polish parliamentary election|2005]]
-|rowspan="2"|  940,762
+|rowspan="3"|940,762
-|rowspan="2"| 8.0 (#5)
+|rowspan="3"|8.0 (#5)
-|rowspan="2"| {{Composition bar|34|460|hex={{party color|League of Polish Families}}}}
+|rowspan="3"|{{Composition bar|34|460|hex={{party color|League of Polish Families}}}}
-|rowspan="2"| {{decrease}} 4
+|rowspan="3"|{{decrease}} 4
-|{{no2|[[Law and Justice|PiS]] Minority}} (2005)
+|{{partial2|[[Law and Justice (Poland)|PiS]] Minority}} (2005)
 |-
-|{{yes2|<small>[[Law and Justice|PiS]]–[[Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland|SRP]]–'''LPR''' (2006-2007)</small>}}
+|{{yes2|<small>[[Law and Justice (Poland)|PiS]]–[[Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland|SRP]]–'''LPR''' (2006-2007)</small>}}
 |-
+|{{no2|<small>[[Law and Justice (Poland)|PiS]] Minority (2007)</small>}}
-! [[2007 Polish parliamentary election|2007]]
+|-
-| 209,171
+![[2007 Polish parliamentary election|2007]]
-| 1.3 (#6)
+|209,171
-| {{Composition bar|0|460|hex={{party color|League of Polish Families}}}}
+|1.3 (#6)
-| {{decrease}} 34
+|{{Composition bar|0|460|hex={{party color|League of Polish Families}}}}
+|{{decrease}} 34
 |{{no2|[[Civic Platform|PO]]–[[Polish People's Party|PSL]]}}
 |-
 |}
 ===Senate===
 {| class=wikitable
@@ Line 208: / Line 214: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:League Of Polish Families}}
 [[Category:2001 establishments in Poland]]
-[[Category:Anti-Russian sentiment]]
+[[Category:Anti-Russian sentiment in Europe]]
 [[Category:Antisemitism in Europe]]
 [[Category:Antisemitism in Poland]]

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