Third-rate: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 22:53, 23 August 2024

HMS *Buckingham*, a third-rater, on the stocks before its 1751 launch.

In the rating system of the Royal Navy, a third rate was a ship of the line which from the 1720s mounted between 64 and 80 guns, typically built with two gun decks (thus the related term two-decker).

Rating

When the rating system was first established in the 1620s, the third rate was defined as those ships having at least 200 but not more than 300 men; previous to this, the type had been classified as "middling ships". By the 1660s, the means of classification had shifted from the number of men to the number of carriage-mounted guns, and third rates at that time mounted between 48 and 60 guns. By the turn of the century, the criterion boundaries had increased and third rate carried more than 60 guns, with second rates having between 90 and 98 guns, while first rates had 100 guns or more, and fourth rates between 48 and 60 guns. By the latter half of the 18th century, they carried between 500 and 720 men.

This designation became especially common because it included the seventy-four gun ship, which eventually came to be the most popular size of large ship for navies of several different nations. It was an easier ship to handle than a first- or second-rate ship, but still possessed enough firepower to potentially destroy any single opponent other than a three-decker. It was also cheaper to operate.

By the end of the 18th century, ships of the line were usually categorized directly by their number of guns, the numbers even being used as the name of the class, as in "a squadron of three 74s", but officially the rating system continued until the end of the Age of Sail, only undergoing a modification in 1817.

Note that the use of terms like "third-rate" in literature can lead to confusion: The French Navy had a different system of five rates or rangs, but some British authors use the Royal Navy's rating of "third rate" when speaking of a French 74.

Bibliography

Bennett, G. The Battle of Trafalgar, Barnsley (2004). ISBN 1-84415-107-7.
Rodger, N.A.M. The Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649-1815, London (2004). ISBN 0-7139-9411-8.
Rodger, N.A.M. The Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649–1815, London (2004). ISBN 0-7139-9411-8
Winfield, Rif. British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1603–1714, Barnsley (2009) ISBN 978-1-84832-040-6
Winfield, Rif. British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714–1792, Barnsley (2007) ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6
Winfield, Rif. British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1793–1817 (2nd edition), Barnsley (2008). ISBN 978-1-84415-717-4
Winfield, Rif. British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1817–1863, Barnsley (2014) ISBN 978-1-84832-169-4.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Historic category for Royal Navy ships}}
-{{about|Royal Navy ships of the line|the adjective meaning that something is of inferior quality|wikt:third-rate}}
+{{about|Royal Navy ships of the line|the adjective meaning that something is of inferior quality|wikt:third-rate|the rating of late Georgian and early Victorian buildings|Building Act 1774}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
+{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}
+{{no footnotes|date=February 2013}}
+[[File:HMSBuckingham.jpg|thumb|[[HMS Buckingham (1751)|HMS ''Buckingham'']], a third-rater, on the stocks before its 1751 [[Ceremonial ship launching|launch]].]]
+[[File:Third rate ship-of-the-line 20100306-2.JPG|thumb|A model of a third-rate ship of the line of the [[Navy of the Order of Saint John]] from the late 18th century.]]
+In the [[rating system of the Royal Navy]], a '''third rate''' was a [[ship of the line]] which from the 1720s mounted between 64 and 80 guns, typically built with two [[gun deck]]s (thus the related term [[two-decker]]).
+== Rating ==
-In the British [[Royal Navy]], a '''Third Rate''' was a [[ship of the line]] which from the 1720s mounted between 64 and 80 guns, typically built with two [[gun deck]]s (thus the related term [[two-decker]]). Years of experience proved that the Third Rate ships embodied the [[Optimization (mathematics)|best compromise]] between sailing ability (speed, handling), firepower, and cost. So, while [[First-rate|First Rate]]s and [[Second-rate|Second Rate]]s were both larger and more powerful, the Third Rate ships were in a real sense, the most effective ships (more precisely, they were [[Optimization problem|optimal]] ships).
+When the rating system was first established in the 1620s, the third rate was defined as those ships having at least 200 but not more than 300 men; previous to this, the type had been classified as "middling ships". By the 1660s, the means of classification had shifted from the number of men to the number of carriage-mounted guns, and third rates at that time mounted between 48 and 60 guns. By the turn of the century, the criterion boundaries had increased and third rate carried more than 60 guns, with second rates having between 90 and 98 guns, while first rates had 100 guns or more, and [[fourth rate]]s between 48 and 60 guns. By the latter half of the 18th century, they carried between 500 and 720 men.
-==Rating==
-When the rating system was first established in the 1620s, the Third Rate was defined as those ships having at least 200 but not more than 300 men. By the 1660s, the means of classification had shifted from the number of men to the number of carriage-mounted guns, and Third Rates at that time mounted between 48 and 60 guns. By the turn of the century, the criteria had grown and Third Rate carried more than 60 guns, with [[Second-rate|Second Rate]]s having between 90 and 98 guns, while [[First-rate|First Rate]]s had 100 guns or more, and [[Fourth-rate|Fourth Rate]]s between 48 and 60 guns. By the latter half of the eighteenth century, they carried between 500 and 720 men.
-This designation became especially common because it included the [[74-gun ship]], which eventually came to be the most popular size of large ship for navies of several different nations. It was an easier ship to handle than a First or Second Rate ship, but still possessed enough firepower to potentially destroy any single opponent other than a three-decker. It was also cheaper to operate.
+This designation became especially common because it included the [[Seventy-four (ship)|seventy-four gun ship]], which eventually came to be the most popular size of large ship for navies of several different nations. It was an easier ship to handle than a first- or second-rate ship, but still possessed enough firepower to potentially destroy any single opponent other than a [[three-decker]]. It was also cheaper to operate.
+[[File:HMS Melville and Graham Island.jpg|thumb|right|A painting of [[HMS Melville (1817)|HMS ''Melville'' (1817)]], a British third-rate]]
-Although this rating system was only used by the Royal Navy, British authors might still use "third-rate" to speak of a French 74 (although the French Navy had its own system of five rates or ''rangs''). By the end of the 18th century, ships of the line were usually characterized directly by their number of guns, the numbers even being used as the name of the type, as in "a squadron of three 74s". However, the rating system, although modified in 1817, continued until the end of the Age of Sail.
+By the end of the 18th century, ships of the line were usually categorized directly by their number of guns, the numbers even being used as the name of the class, as in "a squadron of three 74s", but officially the rating system continued until the end of the [[Age of Sail]], only undergoing a modification in 1817.
-== Bibliography ==
+Note that the use of terms like "third-rate" in literature can lead to confusion: The French Navy had a different system of five rates or ''rangs'', but some British authors use the Royal Navy's rating of "third rate" when speaking of a French 74.
-* Rodger, N.A.M. ''The Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649-1815'', London (2004). ISBN 0-713-99411-8.
-* Bennett, G. ''The Battle of Trafalgar'', Barnsley (2004). ISBN 1-84415-107-7.
+== Bibliography ==
-* Winfield, Rif, ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1603-1714'', Barnsley (2009) ISBN 978-1-84832-040-6; ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714-1792'', Barnsley (2007) ISBN 978-1-84415-700-6; ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1793-1817'', (2nd edition) Barnsley (2008). ISBN  978-1-84415-717-4.
+* Bennett, G. ''The Battle of Trafalgar'', Barnsley (2004). {{ISBN|1-84415-107-7}}.
+* Rodger, N.A.M. ''The Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649-1815'', London (2004). {{ISBN|0-7139-9411-8}}.
+* Rodger, N.A.M. ''The Command of the Ocean, a Naval History of Britain 1649–1815'', London (2004). {{ISBN|0-7139-9411-8}}
+* Winfield, Rif. ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1603–1714'', Barnsley (2009) {{ISBN|978-1-84832-040-6}}
+* Winfield, Rif. ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1714–1792'', Barnsley (2007) {{ISBN|978-1-84415-700-6}}
+* Winfield, Rif. ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1793–1817'' (2nd edition), Barnsley (2008). {{ISBN|978-1-84415-717-4}}
+* Winfield, Rif. ''British Warships in the Age of Sail: 1817–1863'', Barnsley (2014) {{ISBN|978-1-84832-169-4}}.
 {{Rating system of the Royal Navy}}
 [[Category:Rating system of the Royal Navy|3rd-rate]]
-[[fr:3e rang]]
-[[ja:3等艦]]
-[[ru:Корабль 3 ранга (парусный)]]

v t e Early Modern rating system of the Royal Navy
Ships of the line	First-rate Man-of-war Second-rate Third-rate Fourth-rate
Frigates	Fifth-rate Sixth-rate
Sloop-of-war	Bomb vessel Brig Fire ship Cutter Gunboat Post ship Schooner