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{{short description|house in Stratford-upon-Avon associated with William Shakespeare}}
{{Short description|House in Stratford-upon-Avon associated with William Shakespeare}}
{{About|Shakespeare's house in Stratford-upon-Avon|the Lutyens House in Hampshire|New Place, Shirrell Heath}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{About|Shakespeare's house in Stratford-upon-Avon|the Lutyens House in Hampshire|New Place, Shirrell Heath}}


{{Infobox building
{{Infobox building
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| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| image_size =
| image_size =
| caption = New Place sketched by [[George Vertue]] from contemporary descriptions when he visited Stratford-on-Avon in 1737
| caption = New Place sketched by [[George Vertue]] from contemporary descriptions when he visited Stratford-upon-Avon in 1737
| address = Chapel Street, [[Stratford-upon-Avon]], [[Warwickshire]], England
| address = Chapel Street, [[Stratford-upon-Avon]], [[Warwickshire]], England
| coordinates =
| coordinates =
| grid_name = [[Ordnance Survey National Grid|OS grid reference]]
| grid_position = {{gbmappingsmall|SP 201 548}}
| completion_date = 1483
| completion_date = 1483
| demolition_date = 1759
| demolition_date = 1702
| architect =
| architect =
| owner = [[Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]] (site)
| owner = [[Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]] (site)
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| grounds_area =
| grounds_area =
}}
}}
'''New Place''' was [[William Shakespeare]]'s final place of residence in [[Stratford-upon-Avon]]. He died there in 1616. The whole building was demolished in 1702 by Sir John Clopton, who replaced it with a modern-style house, also called New Place. This in turn was demolished by Francis Gastrell, vicar of [[Frodsham]], Cheshire, in 1759. It was never rebuilt after the second demolition and only the foundations remain.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://searchingforshakespeare.co.uk/new-place/ | title=About New Place }}</ref>


Though the house no longer exists, the site is owned by the [[Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]], which maintains it as a specially-designed garden for tourists.
[[File:Great Garden, New Place, Stratford-upon-Avon.jpg|right|thumb|Great Garden, New Place.]]
'''New Place''' ({{gbmapping|SP201548}}) was [[William Shakespeare]]'s final place of residence in [[Stratford-upon-Avon]]. He died there in 1616. Though the house no longer exists, the site is owned by the [[Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]], which maintains it as a specially-designed garden for tourists.


==Early history==
==Early history==
The house stood on the corner of Chapel Street and Chapel Lane, and was apparently the second largest dwelling in the town. It was built in 1483 by [[Hugh Clopton|Sir Hugh Clopton]], a wealthy London [[Worshipful Company of Mercers|mercer]] and [[List of Lord Mayors of London|Lord Mayor]]. Built of timber and brick (then an innovation in Stratford) it had ten fireplaces, five handsome gables, and grounds large enough to incorporate two barns and an orchard.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bryson |first=Bill |year=2008 |title=Shakespeare: The World as a Stage |page=119 |publisher=Harper Perennial |location=London |isbn=978-0-00-719790-3}}</ref>
The three storied house stood on the corner of Chapel Street and Chapel Lane, and was apparently the second largest dwelling in the town. The current site of New Place was initially within the plot of an [[Iron Age]] farmstead sometime around 700 BC – 43 AD, as indicated by pottery that also dates to the same time period. New Place was built atop the site of a former 13th-century timber building in 1483 by [[Hugh Clopton|Sir Hugh Clopton]], a wealthy London [[Worshipful Company of Mercers|mercer]] and [[List of Lord Mayors of London|Lord Mayor]]. Built of timber and brick (then an innovation in Stratford) it had ten fireplaces, five handsome gables, and grounds large enough to incorporate two barns and an orchard.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bryson |first=Bill |year=2008 |title=Shakespeare: The World as a Stage |page=119 |publisher=Harper Perennial |location=London |isbn=978-0-00-719790-3}}</ref>


In 1496 Sir Hugh Clopton left New Place in his will to his great-nephew William Clopton I ('my cousin William Clopton') and the male heirs of the lordship of Clopton.{{sfn|Lawrence|1890|p=154}} In his will William Clopton I (d. 29 May 1521) granted his wife, Rose (d. 17 August 1525)<ref>Rose later married Sir Giles Greville; {{Harvnb|Fetherston|1877|p=109}}.</ref> a life interest in the property, with the [[Reversion (law)|reversion]] after her death to his son, William Clopton II. When [[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leyland]] visited before his death in 1552, he noted New Place as "''a pretty house of brick and timber''". In November 1543 the William Clopton II leased it for forty years to a surgeon, Thomas Bentley (d.1549), who left his wife, Anne, a life interest in the lease during her widowhood. Anne remarried, however, and after she became the wife of Richard Charnock, William Clopton II retook possession of New Place. By his wife Elizabeth Grey, the daughter of Sir Edward Grey of [[Enville, Staffordshire]], William Clopton II had a son, [[William Clopton|William Clopton III]] (1537–1592), to whom he left New Place by will in 1560. On 20 December 1563, hard-pressed for money to pay his sisters' marriage portions and continue travelling in Italy, William Clopton III sold New Place to [[William Bott]], who had already resided in it for several years. In 1567 Bott sold New Place to [[William Underhill I]] (c. 1523 – 31 March 1570), an [[Inner Temple]] lawyer and clerk of assizes at [[Warwick]], and a substantial property holder in [[Warwickshire]].{{sfn|Lawrence|1890|pp=154–5}}{{sfn|Fetherston|1877|pp=109–110}}{{sfn|Stopes|1907|pp=228–30}}{{sfn|Schoenbaum|1989|p=17}}{{sfn|Palmer|Palmer|1981|p=49}}
In 1496 Sir Hugh Clopton left New Place in his will to his great-nephew William Clopton I ('my cousin William Clopton') and the male heirs of the lordship of Clopton.{{sfn|Lawrence|1890|p=154}} In his will William Clopton I (d. 29 May 1521) granted his wife, Rose (d. 17 August 1525)<ref>Rose later married Sir Giles Greville; {{Harvnb|Fetherston|1877|p=109}}.</ref> a life interest in the property, with the [[Reversion (law)|reversion]] after her death to his son, William Clopton II. When [[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leyland]] visited in 1540, he described New Place as a "''praty house of Bricke and tymbre wherm he (ie Hugh Clopton) lived in his latter dayes and dyed".'' In November 1543, William Clopton II leased it for forty years to a surgeon, [[Thomas Bentley (physician)|Thomas Bentley]] (d.1549), who left his wife, Anne, a life interest in the lease during her widowhood. Anne remarried, however, and after she became the wife of Richard Charnock, William Clopton II retook possession of New Place. By his wife Elizabeth Grey, the daughter of Sir Edward Grey of [[Enville, Staffordshire]], William Clopton II had a son, [[William Clopton|William Clopton III]] (1537–1592), to whom he left New Place by will in 1560. On 20 December 1563, hard-pressed for money to pay his sisters' marriage portions and continue travelling in Italy, William Clopton III sold New Place to [[William Bott]], who had already resided in it for several years. In 1567 Bott sold New Place to [[William Underhill I]] (c. 1523 – 31 March 1570), an [[Inner Temple]] lawyer and clerk of assizes at [[Warwick]], and a substantial property holder in [[Warwickshire]]''.{{sfn|Lawrence|1890|pp=154–5}}{{sfn|Fetherston|1877|pp=109–110}}{{sfn|Stopes|1907|pp=228–30}}{{sfn|Schoenbaum|1989|p=17}}{{sfn|Palmer|Palmer|1981|p=49}}''


==Sale to Shakespeare==
==Sale to Shakespeare==
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==After Shakespeare's death==
==After Shakespeare's death==
In 1616 the house passed to his daughter [[Susanna Hall]], and then his granddaughter, [[Elizabeth Barnard|Elizabeth Hall]], who had recently remarried after the death of her first husband, [[Thomas Nash]], who had owned the house next door. After Elizabeth died, the house was returned to the Clopton family.
In 1616 the house passed to his daughter [[Susanna Hall]], and then his granddaughter, [[Elizabeth Barnard|Elizabeth Hall]], who had recently remarried after the death of her first husband, [[Thomas Nash (relative of Shakespeare)|Thomas Nash]], who had owned the house next door. After Elizabeth died, the house was returned to the Clopton family.


In 1702 John Clopton radically altered, or rebuilt, the original New Place contemporary illustrations suggest the latter.{{cn|reason=What illustrations?|date=March 2021}} In 1756 then-owner Reverend Francis Gastrell, having become tired of visitors, attacked and destroyed a [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]] tree in the garden said to have been planted by Shakespeare.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21587468|title=The man who demolished Shakespeare's house|first=Denise|last=Winterman|date=7 March 2013|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> In retaliation, the townsfolk destroyed New Place's windows. Gastrell applied for local permission to extend the garden. His application was rejected and his tax was increased, so Gastrell retaliated by demolishing the house in 1759. This greatly outraged the inhabitants and Gastrell was eventually forced to leave town.<ref name=":0" />
In 1702 Sir John Clopton demolished the original New Place, building in its place a replacement, also called New Place, in a very different contemporary style.<ref>{{cite web |title=About New Place |url=https://searchingforshakespeare.co.uk/new-place/ |website=Searching for Shakespeare |publisher=[[Staffordshire University]] |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Shakespeare's New Place |url=https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/explore-shakespeare/shakespedia/shakespeares-new-place/about-shakespeares-new-place/ |publisher=[[Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]] |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Second New Place |url=https://collections.shakespeare.org.uk/exhibition/exhibition/shakespeare-connected-imagining-new-place/object/shakespeare-connected-imagining-new-place-2-the-second-new-place |website=collections.shakespeare.org.uk |publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust |access-date=4 July 2023}}</ref> In 1756 then-owner Reverend Francis Gastrell<!--Please don’t link Francis Gastrell, Bishop of Chester, who by then was over thirty years dead!--> (vicar of [[Frodsham]], Cheshire<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Furnival |editor1-first=F. J. |editor2-last=Delius |editor2-first=Nicolaus |editor1-link=Frederick James Furnivall |editor2-link=Nicolaus Delius |title=The Royal Shakespere |date=1898 |publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell]] |location=London |page=cxxvii|volume=1|oclc= 1061936792}}</ref>) having become tired of visitors, attacked and destroyed a [[Morus (plant)|mulberry]] tree in the garden said to have been planted by Shakespeare.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21587468|title=The man who demolished Shakespeare's house|first=Denise|last=Winterman|work=BBC News |date=7 March 2013}}</ref> In retaliation, the townsfolk destroyed New Place's windows. Gastrell applied for local permission to extend the garden. His application was rejected and his tax was increased, so Gastrell retaliated by demolishing the house in 1759. This greatly outraged the inhabitants and Gastrell was eventually forced to leave town.<ref name=":0" />


The [[Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]] acquired New Place and Nash's House in 1876. Today the site of New Place is accessible through a museum that resides in [[Nash's House]], the house next door.<ref>British Archaeology The Voice of Archaeology in Britain and Beyond. Issue 113 July/August 2010</ref> The site received 109,452 visitors during 2018.<ref name="ALVA 2018 visitor numbers">{{cite web |title=ALVA - Association of Leading Visitor Attractions |url=http://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423 |website=www.alva.org.uk |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref>
The [[Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]] acquired New Place and Nash's House in 1876. Today the site of New Place is accessible through a museum that resides in [[Nash's House]], the house next door.<ref>British Archaeology The Voice of Archaeology in Britain and Beyond. Issue 113 July–August 2010</ref> The site received 109,452 visitors during 2018.<ref name="ALVA 2018 visitor numbers">{{cite web |title=ALVA - Association of Leading Visitor Attractions |url=http://www.alva.org.uk/details.cfm?p=423 |website=www.alva.org.uk |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref>


==Archaeological excavations==
==Archaeological excavations==
Excavations in the grounds of Nash's House were initially carried out in 1862 and January 1864 by [[James Halliwell-Phillipps]] but after the excavations were finished, the ruins were eventually covered up by a garden and further excavations carried out during 2010, 2011 and 2012 by Birmingham Archaeology, removing the garden from the site all together.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/about-us/volunteering/news/digging-deeper-for-shakespeare.html|title="Digging deeper for Shakespeare", Shakespeare Birthplace Trust website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105233209/http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/about-us/volunteering/news/digging-deeper-for-shakespeare.html|archive-date=5 November 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Archaeologists from ''[[Time Team]]'' visited the dig during 2011 and a special programme on the subject, "Searching for Shakespeare's House", was transmitted on 11 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeteam.k1z.com/|title=Unofficial Time Team website|access-date=12 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220083318/http://www.timeteam.k1z.com/|archive-date=20 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> BBC One National Treasures broadcast a live programme from the site in August 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/visit-the-houses/latest-news/bbc-one-national-treasures-live-on-location-at-the-dig-for-shakespeare-tonight.html|title=BBC One National Treasures Live on location at the Dig for Shakespeare tonight|publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106150828/http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/visit-the-houses/latest-news/bbc-one-national-treasures-live-on-location-at-the-dig-for-shakespeare-tonight.html|archive-date=6 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Findings from the excavation indicated the presence of a [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] structure but were inconclusive as to the ground plan of Shakespeare's original house.
[[File:New-Place-excavations-Jan-1864.jpg|thumb|250px|Site of the ruins of New Place next to [[Nash's House]] in January 1864]]
Excavations in the grounds of Nash's House were initially carried out in January 1864 by [[James Halliwell-Phillipps]] but after the excavations were finished, the ruins were eventually covered up by a garden and further excavations carried out during 2010, 2011 and 2012 by Birmingham Archaeology, removing the garden from the site all together.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/about-us/volunteering/news/digging-deeper-for-shakespeare.html|title="Digging deeper for Shakespeare", Shakespeare Birthplace Trust website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105233209/http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/about-us/volunteering/news/digging-deeper-for-shakespeare.html|archive-date=5 November 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Archaeologists from ''[[Time Team]]'' visited the dig during 2011 and a special programme on the subject, "Searching for Shakespeare's House", was transmitted on 11 March 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timeteam.k1z.com/|title=Unofficial Time Team website|access-date=12 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220083318/http://www.timeteam.k1z.com/|archive-date=20 February 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> BBC One National Treasures broadcast a live programme from the site in August 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/visit-the-houses/latest-news/bbc-one-national-treasures-live-on-location-at-the-dig-for-shakespeare-tonight.html|title=BBC One National Treasures Live on location at the Dig for Shakespeare tonight|publisher=Shakespeare Birthplace Trust website|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106150828/http://www.shakespeare.org.uk/visit-the-houses/latest-news/bbc-one-national-treasures-live-on-location-at-the-dig-for-shakespeare-tonight.html|archive-date=6 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Findings from the excavation indicated the presence of a [[Tudor architecture|Tudor]] structure but were inconclusive as to the ground plan of Shakespeare's original house.


===Clay pipe fragments at Stratford-upon-Avon===
===Clay pipe fragments at Stratford-upon-Avon===
Clay pipe fragments unearthed in recent years in Shakespeare's Stratford-upon-Avon garden were found to possibly contain traces of [[cannabis]], along with [[tobacco]] and [[camphor]], based on the results of a study published in the ''[[South African Journal of Science]]''.<ref name=Smillie1/><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Thackeray | first1 = F | year = 2015 | title = Shakespeare, plants, and chemical analysis of early 17th century clay 'tobacco' pipes from Europe | url = http://www.sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS%20111_7-8_Thackeray_Sci%20Corr.pdf | format = PDF | journal = South African Journal of Science | volume = 111 | issue = 7/8 | page = a0115 | doi = 10.17159/sajs.2015/a0115 | access-date = 17 August 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150814180140/http://www.sajs.co.za/sites/default/files/publications/pdf/SAJS%20111_7-8_Thackeray_Sci%20Corr.pdf | archive-date = 14 August 2015 | url-status = dead | doi-access = free }}</ref> This has fuelled [[speculation]] by some that Shakespeare may have possibly smoked cannabis,<ref>{{cite book|last=Mabillard|first= Amanda|title=Did Marijuana Fuel Shakespeare's Genius?|website= www.shakespeare-online.com|date= 20 August 2000|url=http://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/notedweed.html|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref> which is known to have been used to treat certain medical conditions at the time by [[Elizabethans]], as well as in the manufacture of materials such as [[sails]], [[rope]], and clothing, and may have also been used for purposes of pleasure.<ref name=Smillie1/> The pipe fragments, however, could have belonged to any number of other persons besides the famous playwright, and cannot be definitively dated to the periods of his residency there as they could have been from the 18th century, around 200 years after Shakespeare's death.<ref name=Smillie1>{{cite news|last=Smillie|first= Shaun|title=Did Shakespeare Puff on 'Noted Weed'?|work= National Geographic News|date= 1 March 2001|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/03/0301_shakespeare.html|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref>
Clay pipe fragments unearthed in recent years in Shakespeare's Stratford-upon-Avon garden were found to possibly contain traces of [[cannabis]], along with [[tobacco]] and [[camphor]], based on the results of a study published in the ''[[South African Journal of Science]]''.<ref name=Smillie1/><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Thackeray | first1 = F | year = 2015 | title = Shakespeare, plants, and chemical analysis of early 17th century clay 'tobacco' pipes from Europe | journal = South African Journal of Science | volume = 111 | issue = 7/8 | page = a0115 | doi = 10.17159/sajs.2015/a0115 | doi-access = free }}</ref> This has fuelled [[speculation]] by some that Shakespeare may have possibly smoked cannabis,<ref>{{cite book|last=Mabillard|first= Amanda|title=Did Marijuana Fuel Shakespeare's Genius?|website= www.shakespeare-online.com|date= 20 August 2000|url=http://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/notedweed.html|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref> which is known to have been used to treat certain medical conditions at the time by [[Elizabethans]], as well as in the manufacture of materials such as [[sails]], [[rope]], and clothing, and may have also been used for purposes of pleasure.<ref name=Smillie1/> The pipe fragments, however, could have belonged to any number of other persons besides the famous playwright, and cannot be definitively dated to the periods of his residency there as they could have been from the 18th century, around 200 years after Shakespeare's death.<ref name=Smillie1>{{cite news|last=Smillie|first= Shaun|title=Did Shakespeare Puff on 'Noted Weed'?|work= National Geographic News|date= 1 March 2001|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/03/0301_shakespeare.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010305235650/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2001/03/0301_shakespeare.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=5 March 2001|access-date=August 8, 2015}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:New Place Gardens -Stratford-upon-Avon -20Mar2008.jpg|Gardens
File:New Place Gardens -Stratford-upon-Avon -20Mar2008.jpg|Gardens
File:Knot Garden at New Place -Stratford-upon-Avon.jpg|Knot Garden, New place.
File:Knot Garden at New Place -Stratford-upon-Avon.jpg|Knot Garden, New Place
File:Shakespeare's New Place - Birdseye view.jpg|Artist impression of Shakespeares New Place opening July 2016
File:Shakespeare's New Place - Birdseye view.jpg|Artist impression of Shakespeares New Place opening July 2016
New-Place-excavations-Jan-1864.jpg|Site of the ruins of New Place next to [[Nash's House]] in January 1864
New Place ruins.png|Photograph of the ruins of New Place in 1864
</gallery>
</gallery>


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*{{Cite book |editor-last=Fetherston |editor-first=John |year=1877 |title=The Visitation of the County of Warwick in the year 1619 |location=London |publisher=Harleian Society |volume=XII |url=https://archive.org/stream/visitationcount01britgoog#page/n134/mode/2up |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |editor-last=Fetherston |editor-first=John |year=1877 |title=The Visitation of the County of Warwick in the year 1619 |location=London |publisher=Harleian Society |volume=XII |url=https://archive.org/stream/visitationcount01britgoog#page/n134/mode/2up |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Lawrence |first=L. L. |year=1890 |title=New Place and Gastrell |journal=Shakespeariana |location=New York |publisher=Leonard Scott Publication Co. |volume=VII |pages=151–60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgYLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA154 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Lawrence |first=L. L. |year=1890 |title=New Place and Gastrell |journal=Shakespeariana |location=New York |publisher=Leonard Scott Publication Co. |volume=VII |pages=151–60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dgYLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA154 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan Warwick |year=1981 |last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica |title=Who's Who in Shakespeare's England |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |page=49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BK1Vu6pw84C&pg=PA49 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last1=Palmer |first1=Alan Warwick |year=1981 |last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica |title=Who's Who in Shakespeare's England |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press |page=49 |isbn=9780312220860 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6BK1Vu6pw84C&pg=PA49 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=Owen Hood |year=2005 |title=Shakespeare and the Lawyers |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |edition=reprint of 1572 |pages=6–7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YAq03WpClkC&pg=PA6 |access-date=29 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=Owen Hood |year=2005 |title=Shakespeare and the Lawyers |location=New York |publisher=Routledge |edition=reprint of 1572 |pages=6–7 |isbn=9781135032746 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YAq03WpClkC&pg=PA6 |access-date=29 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbaum |first=Samuel |year=1989 |title=Shakespeare: Text, Subtext and Context: All That is Known Concerning Shakespeare |journal=Susquehanna University Studies |editor1-last=Dotterer |editor1-first=Ronald |location=Selingrove, PA |publisher=Susquehanna University Press |volume=13 |pages=15–30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR0r0XtgfboC&pg=PA17 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbaum |first=Samuel |year=1989 |title=Shakespeare: Text, Subtext and Context: All That is Known Concerning Shakespeare |journal=Susquehanna University Studies |editor1-last=Dotterer |editor1-first=Ronald |location=Selingrove, PA |publisher=Susquehanna University Press |volume=13 |pages=15–30 |isbn=9780941664929 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sR0r0XtgfboC&pg=PA17 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Schoenbaum |first=Samuel |year=1977 |title=William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=234 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6VS_J9lVlYC&pg=PA234 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Schoenbaum |first=Samuel |year=1977 |title=William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=234 |isbn=978-0-19-505161-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6VS_J9lVlYC&pg=PA234 |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Stopes |first=Charlotte Carmichael |year=1916 |title=Shakespeare's Industry |location=London |publisher=G. Bell and Sons |pages=260–1 |url=https://archive.org/stream/shakespearesind00stopgoog#page/n278/mode/2up |access-date=29 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Stopes |first=Charlotte Carmichael |year=1916 |title=Shakespeare's Industry |location=London |publisher=G. Bell and Sons |pages=260–1 |url=https://archive.org/stream/shakespearesind00stopgoog#page/n278/mode/2up |access-date=29 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Stopes |first=Charlotte Carmichael |year=1907 |title=Shakespeare's Warwickshire Contemporaries |location=Stratford upon Avon |publisher=Shakespeare Head Press |pages=227–32 |url=https://archive.org/stream/shakespeareswarw00stop#page/226/mode/2up |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
*{{Cite book |last=Stopes |first=Charlotte Carmichael |year=1907 |title=Shakespeare's Warwickshire Contemporaries |location=Stratford upon Avon |publisher=Shakespeare Head Press |pages=227–32 |url=https://archive.org/stream/shakespeareswarw00stop#page/226/mode/2up |access-date=21 December 2013 }}
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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Commonscatinline}}
*{{Official|https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/visit/shakespeares-new-place/}}
*{{Official|https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/visit/shakespeares-new-place/}}
*[http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/detail/FOLGERCM1~6~6~497017~135417:Deed-to-lead-uses-from-William-Clop Deed to lead uses from William Clopton to William Bott of Stratford and Thomas Goodale, 20 December 1563 Folger Shakespeare Library] Retrieved 21 December 2013
*[http://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/detail/FOLGERCM1~6~6~497017~135417:Deed-to-lead-uses-from-William-Clop Deed to lead uses from William Clopton to William Bott of Stratford and Thomas Goodale, 20 December 1563 Folger Shakespeare Library] Retrieved 21 December 2013
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{{coord|52.1907|N|1.7076|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}
{{coord|52.1907|N|1.7076|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}


[[Category:Former buildings and structures in England]]
[[Category:Demolished buildings and structures in Warwickshire]]
[[Category:Gardens in Warwickshire]]
[[Category:Gardens in Warwickshire]]
[[Category:Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]]
[[Category:Shakespeare Birthplace Trust]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Warwickshire]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Warwickshire]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1759]]

Latest revision as of 17:18, 23 August 2024

New Place
New Place sketched by George Vertue from contemporary descriptions when he visited Stratford-upon-Avon in 1737
Map
General information
AddressChapel Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England
OS grid referenceSP 201 548
Completed1483
Demolished1702
ClientSir Hugh Clopton
OwnerShakespeare Birthplace Trust (site)
Website
https://www.shakespeare.org.uk/visit/shakespeares-new-place/

New Place was William Shakespeare's final place of residence in Stratford-upon-Avon. He died there in 1616. The whole building was demolished in 1702 by Sir John Clopton, who replaced it with a modern-style house, also called New Place. This in turn was demolished by Francis Gastrell, vicar of Frodsham, Cheshire, in 1759. It was never rebuilt after the second demolition and only the foundations remain.[1]

Though the house no longer exists, the site is owned by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, which maintains it as a specially-designed garden for tourists.

Early history

[edit]

The three storied house stood on the corner of Chapel Street and Chapel Lane, and was apparently the second largest dwelling in the town. The current site of New Place was initially within the plot of an Iron Age farmstead sometime around 700 BC – 43 AD, as indicated by pottery that also dates to the same time period. New Place was built atop the site of a former 13th-century timber building in 1483 by Sir Hugh Clopton, a wealthy London mercer and Lord Mayor. Built of timber and brick (then an innovation in Stratford) it had ten fireplaces, five handsome gables, and grounds large enough to incorporate two barns and an orchard.[2]

In 1496 Sir Hugh Clopton left New Place in his will to his great-nephew William Clopton I ('my cousin William Clopton') and the male heirs of the lordship of Clopton.[3] In his will William Clopton I (d. 29 May 1521) granted his wife, Rose (d. 17 August 1525)[4] a life interest in the property, with the reversion after her death to his son, William Clopton II. When John Leyland visited in 1540, he described New Place as a "praty house of Bricke and tymbre wherm he (ie Hugh Clopton) lived in his latter dayes and dyed". In November 1543, William Clopton II leased it for forty years to a surgeon, Thomas Bentley (d.1549), who left his wife, Anne, a life interest in the lease during her widowhood. Anne remarried, however, and after she became the wife of Richard Charnock, William Clopton II retook possession of New Place. By his wife Elizabeth Grey, the daughter of Sir Edward Grey of Enville, Staffordshire, William Clopton II had a son, William Clopton III (1537–1592), to whom he left New Place by will in 1560. On 20 December 1563, hard-pressed for money to pay his sisters' marriage portions and continue travelling in Italy, William Clopton III sold New Place to William Bott, who had already resided in it for several years. In 1567 Bott sold New Place to William Underhill I (c. 1523 – 31 March 1570), an Inner Temple lawyer and clerk of assizes at Warwick, and a substantial property holder in Warwickshire.[5][6][7][8][9]

Sale to Shakespeare

[edit]
The final concord (a conveyance in two parts) between William Shakespeare and Hercules Underhill, confirming Shakespeare's title to New Place, Michaelmas 1602

At his death in 1570, Underhill left New Place to his son, William Underhill II (d.1597), who in 1597 sold it to William Shakespeare for £60. He (William Underhill II) died two months later, and it emerged that he had been poisoned by his eldest son and heir, Fulke Underhill. According to some sources, Fulke Underhill died in May 1598 while still a minor and before the fact that he had murdered his father was discovered.[10][11][12] According to other sources, however, Fulke Underhill was hanged in 1599 for his father's murder and attainted for felony, whereby his property, including New Place, was forfeit to the crown.[13][8] In 1602 the Court of Exchequer appointed a commission to "obtain an account of the possessions of Fulke Underhill of Fillongley, county Warwick, felon, who had taken the life of his father, William Underhill, by poison".[10] When Fulke's younger brother, Hercules Underhill, came of age in 1602, his father's former properties were regranted to him, and he and Shakespeare negotiated a confirmation of the sale.[13][8][14]

After Shakespeare's death

[edit]

In 1616 the house passed to his daughter Susanna Hall, and then his granddaughter, Elizabeth Hall, who had recently remarried after the death of her first husband, Thomas Nash, who had owned the house next door. After Elizabeth died, the house was returned to the Clopton family.

In 1702 Sir John Clopton demolished the original New Place, building in its place a replacement, also called New Place, in a very different contemporary style.[15][16][17] In 1756 then-owner Reverend Francis Gastrell (vicar of Frodsham, Cheshire[18]) having become tired of visitors, attacked and destroyed a mulberry tree in the garden said to have been planted by Shakespeare.[19] In retaliation, the townsfolk destroyed New Place's windows. Gastrell applied for local permission to extend the garden. His application was rejected and his tax was increased, so Gastrell retaliated by demolishing the house in 1759. This greatly outraged the inhabitants and Gastrell was eventually forced to leave town.[19]

The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust acquired New Place and Nash's House in 1876. Today the site of New Place is accessible through a museum that resides in Nash's House, the house next door.[20] The site received 109,452 visitors during 2018.[21]

Archaeological excavations

[edit]

Excavations in the grounds of Nash's House were initially carried out in 1862 and January 1864 by James Halliwell-Phillipps but after the excavations were finished, the ruins were eventually covered up by a garden and further excavations carried out during 2010, 2011 and 2012 by Birmingham Archaeology, removing the garden from the site all together.[22] Archaeologists from Time Team visited the dig during 2011 and a special programme on the subject, "Searching for Shakespeare's House", was transmitted on 11 March 2012.[23] BBC One National Treasures broadcast a live programme from the site in August 2011.[24] Findings from the excavation indicated the presence of a Tudor structure but were inconclusive as to the ground plan of Shakespeare's original house.

Clay pipe fragments at Stratford-upon-Avon

[edit]

Clay pipe fragments unearthed in recent years in Shakespeare's Stratford-upon-Avon garden were found to possibly contain traces of cannabis, along with tobacco and camphor, based on the results of a study published in the South African Journal of Science.[25][26] This has fuelled speculation by some that Shakespeare may have possibly smoked cannabis,[27] which is known to have been used to treat certain medical conditions at the time by Elizabethans, as well as in the manufacture of materials such as sails, rope, and clothing, and may have also been used for purposes of pleasure.[25] The pipe fragments, however, could have belonged to any number of other persons besides the famous playwright, and cannot be definitively dated to the periods of his residency there as they could have been from the 18th century, around 200 years after Shakespeare's death.[25]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ "About New Place".
  2. ^ Bryson, Bill (2008). Shakespeare: The World as a Stage. London: Harper Perennial. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-00-719790-3.
  3. ^ Lawrence 1890, p. 154.
  4. ^ Rose later married Sir Giles Greville; Fetherston 1877, p. 109.
  5. ^ Lawrence 1890, pp. 154–5.
  6. ^ Fetherston 1877, pp. 109–110.
  7. ^ Stopes 1907, pp. 228–30.
  8. ^ a b c Schoenbaum 1989, p. 17.
  9. ^ Palmer & Palmer 1981, p. 49.
  10. ^ a b Stopes 1907, p. 232.
  11. ^ Stopes 1916, pp. 260–1.
  12. ^ Phillips 2005, pp. 6–7.
  13. ^ a b Schoenbaum 1977, p. 234.
  14. ^ 'Final Concord Between William Shakespeare and Hercules Underhill', World Digital Library Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  15. ^ "About New Place". Searching for Shakespeare. Staffordshire University. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  16. ^ "About Shakespeare's New Place". Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
  17. ^ "The Second New Place". collections.shakespeare.org.uk. Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  18. ^ Furnival, F. J.; Delius, Nicolaus, eds. (1898). The Royal Shakespere. Vol. 1. London: Cassell. p. cxxvii. OCLC 1061936792.
  19. ^ a b Winterman, Denise (7 March 2013). "The man who demolished Shakespeare's house". BBC News.
  20. ^ British Archaeology The Voice of Archaeology in Britain and Beyond. Issue 113 July–August 2010
  21. ^ "ALVA - Association of Leading Visitor Attractions". www.alva.org.uk. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  22. ^ ""Digging deeper for Shakespeare", Shakespeare Birthplace Trust website". Archived from the original on 5 November 2011.
  23. ^ "Unofficial Time Team website". Archived from the original on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
  24. ^ "BBC One National Treasures Live on location at the Dig for Shakespeare tonight". Shakespeare Birthplace Trust website. Archived from the original on 6 January 2014.
  25. ^ a b c Smillie, Shaun (1 March 2001). "Did Shakespeare Puff on 'Noted Weed'?". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on 5 March 2001. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  26. ^ Thackeray, F (2015). "Shakespeare, plants, and chemical analysis of early 17th century clay 'tobacco' pipes from Europe". South African Journal of Science. 111 (7/8): a0115. doi:10.17159/sajs.2015/a0115.
  27. ^ Mabillard, Amanda (20 August 2000). Did Marijuana Fuel Shakespeare's Genius?. Retrieved 8 August 2015. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Bearman, Robert, 'Shakespeare's Purchase of New Place', Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 63, Number 4, Winter 2012, pp. 465–86.
  • Watts, Percy R., 'Shakespeare's "Double" Purchase of New Place' (1947), 20 Australian Law Journal, pp. 330–36.
[edit]

Media related to New Place at Wikimedia Commons

52°11′27″N 1°42′27″W / 52.1907°N 1.7076°W / 52.1907; -1.7076