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{{Short description|Dominican businessman and politician}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2021}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{family name hatnote|Guzmán|Fernández|lang=Spanish}}
{{family name hatnote|Guzmán|Fernández|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name =Antonio Guzmán
| name =Antonio Guzmán
| image = File: Antonio Guzmán.jpg
| image = File:Fotografía oficial del presidente D. Antonio Guzmán (2) (cropped).jpg
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| smallimage =
| smallimage =
| caption =
| caption =
| order =[[File:Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg|25px]] [[List of presidents of the Dominican Republic|President of the Dominican Republic]]
| order = [[List of presidents of the Dominican Republic|President of the Dominican Republic]]
| office =
| office =
| term_start =August 16, 1978
| term_start =August 16, 1978
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| vicepresident =[[Jacobo Majluta Azar]]
| vicepresident =[[Jacobo Majluta Azar]]
| predecessor =[[Joaquín Balaguer]]
| predecessor =[[Joaquín Balaguer]]
| successor =[[Jacobo Majluta Azar|Jacobo Majluta]]
| successor =[[Jacobo Majluta]]
| birth_date =February 12, 1911
| birth_date =February 12, 1911
| birth_place =[[Concepción de la Vega|La Vega]], Dominican Republic
| birth_place =[[Concepción de la Vega|La Vega]], Dominican Republic
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| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| blank1 = [[Infant baptism|Christening]]
| blank1 = [[Infant baptism|Christening]]
| data1 = May 4, 1911<ref name=IDG>{{cite web|last1=Núñez Núñez|first1=Milcíades Humberto|title=Los Guzmán de Don Antonio (3 de 3)|url=http://www.idg.org.do/capsulas/junio2013/junio201301.htm|work=Cápsulas Genealógicas|publisher=Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía|accessdate=August 5, 2014|language=Spanish|date=June 1, 2013}}</ref>
| data1 = May 4, 1911<ref name=IDG>{{cite web|last1=Núñez Núñez|first1=Milcíades Humberto|title=Los Guzmán de Don Antonio (3 de 3)|url=http://www.idg.org.do/capsulas/junio2013/junio201301.htm|work=Cápsulas Genealógicas|publisher=Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía|access-date=August 5, 2014|language=es|date=June 1, 2013}}</ref>
}}
}}


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== End of Presidency ==
== End of Presidency ==
{{story|section|date=September 2019}}
{{story|section|date=September 2019}}
Early in June 1982, a young [[Hipólito Mejía]], who at the time was running to become senator for the Santiago Province, was told that the president was not feeling well and that he should pay him a visit. Hipólito had a good relationship with the president, who had appointed him Minister of Agriculture in 1978. Upon arriving Hipólito found Guzmán sitting on the beach crying, next to his horse. Something that Hipólito, and everyone else, knew was very out of character in a president with a very strong and vibrant personality. When Hipólito inquired, Guzmán told him he was worried about the country's future. That same day Hipólito told [[Renée Klang de Guzmán|Renée Klang Avelino]], the president's wife, that he was worried about Guzmán, but Renée dismissed it telling him not to worry, her husband a valiant and fearless leader, and that there was nothing wrong with him. 3 days later the president had dinner in Hipólito's house. There Hipólito's wife noticed that the president was acting very out of character and that he looked somewhat untidy. After listening to his wife's concerns, Hipólito visited a psychiatrist friend who told him that the president may be suffering from depression. Hipólito would not have any of this of course, he knew his friend very well and told the psychiatrist that "Guzman basically invented anti-depression". But the psychiatrist replied with a stern warning. "Hipólito, depression is a cursed illness. Be very careful". It is very likely that the president was suffering from depression but kept it from everyone, even his wife. Furthermore, even if he had acknowledged it, he was the type of person that would have never taken medications for it. According to Hipólito, that's the kind of person he was.
Early in June 1982, [[Hipólito Mejía]], who was running to become senator for the Santiago Province, was told that the president was not feeling well and that he should pay him a visit. Hipólito had a good relationship with the president, who had appointed him Minister of Agriculture in 1978. Upon arriving Hipólito found Guzmán sitting on the beach crying, next to his horse. Something that Hipólito, and everyone else, knew was very out of character in a president with a very strong and vibrant personality. When Hipólito inquired, Guzmán told him he was worried about the country's future. That same day Hipólito told [[Renée Klang de Guzmán|Renée Klang Avelino]], the president's wife, that he was worried about Guzmán, but Renée dismissed it telling him not to worry, her husband a valiant and fearless leader, and that there was nothing wrong with him. Three days later the president had dinner at Hipólito's house. There Hipólito's wife noticed that the president was acting very out of character and that he looked somewhat untidy. After listening to his wife's concerns, Hipólito visited a psychiatrist friend who told him that the president may be suffering from depression. Hipólito would not have any of this of course, he knew his friend very well and told the psychiatrist that "Guzman basically invented anti-depression". But the psychiatrist replied with a stern warning. "Hipólito, depression is a cursed illness. Be very careful". It is very likely that the president was suffering from depression but kept it from everyone, even his wife. Furthermore, even if he had acknowledged it, he was the type of person that would have never taken medications for it. According to Hipólito, that's the kind of person he was.


About a month later, on July 4, 1982, Hipólito was awaken at 4&nbsp;am by a phone call from his cousin. Antonio Guzmán had shot himself. Vice-President [[Jacobo Majluta Azar|Jacobo Majluta]] became acting President and ruled for the remaining 43 days of the four-year term.
About a month later, on July 4, 1982, Hipólito was awakened at 4&nbsp;am by a phone call from his cousin. Antonio Guzmán had shot himself. Vice-President [[Jacobo Majluta Azar|Jacobo Majluta]] became acting President and ruled for the remaining 43 days of the four-year term [[(source missing)]].


== References ==
== References ==
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title=[[List of Presidents of the Dominican Republic|President of the Dominican Republic]]|
title=[[List of Presidents of the Dominican Republic|President of the Dominican Republic]]|
before=[[Joaquín Balaguer]]|
before=[[Joaquín Balaguer]]|
after=[[Jacobo Majluta Azar|Jacobo Majluta]]|
after=[[Jacobo Majluta]]|
years=1978–1982}}
years=1978–1982}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}
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[[Category:People from La Vega Province]]
[[Category:People from La Vega Province]]
[[Category:Dominican Revolutionary Party politicians]]
[[Category:Dominican Revolutionary Party politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians who committed suicide]]
[[Category:Politicians who died by suicide]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Suicides by firearm in the Dominican Republic]]
[[Category:Dominican Republic people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Dominican Republic people of Spanish descent]]
[[Category:Heads of state who committed suicide]]
[[Category:Heads of state who died by suicide]]
[[Category:Politicians who died in office]]
[[Category:White Dominicans]]

Latest revision as of 16:10, 23 August 2024

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Guzmán and the second or maternal family name is Fernández.
Antonio Guzmán
President of the Dominican Republic
In office
August 16, 1978 – July 4, 1982
Vice PresidentJacobo Majluta Azar
Preceded byJoaquín Balaguer
Succeeded byJacobo Majluta
Personal details
BornFebruary 12, 1911
La Vega, Dominican Republic
DiedJuly 4, 1982 (aged 71)
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
NationalityDominican
Political partyDominican Revolutionary Party
Spouse
​
(m. 1939)​
[1]
ProfessionAgronomist,
businessman
politician
ChristeningMay 4, 1911[1]

Silvestre Antonio Guzmán Fernández (February 12, 1911 – July 4, 1982), best known as Antonio Guzmán, was a Dominican businessman and a politician. He was President of the Dominican Republic, from 1978 to 1982.

Early life

[edit]

Antonio Guzmán was born in the town of La Vega. He studied in the primary and secondary schools of La Vega.

He worked in the fruit exportation business and soon became a wealthy rancher as well.

An early member of Juan Bosch’s Dominican Revolutionary Party, he served as secretary of agriculture in Bosch's brief 1963 administration. In May 1966 he was the vice-presidential candidate for the PRD, with Bosch as the candidate for president. The elections were won, however, by Joaquín Balaguer.

He ran for president in 1974 as the candidate of a united opposition ticket. However, he pulled out after Balaguer changed the rules in a way that the opposition felt was unfair and undemocratic.

Presidency

[edit]

Guzmán ran for president again in 1978 as the PRD candidate, with Jacobo Majluta as his running mate. When election returns showed an unmistakable trend in Guzmán's favor, the military stopped the count. However, amid vigorous protests at home and strong pressure abroad, the count resumed. When the returns were all in, Guzmán handed Balaguer the first loss of his electoral career. When Balaguer left office that year, it marked the first time in the Dominican Republic's history that an incumbent president peacefully surrendered power to an elected member of the opposition.

Guzmán's political plan was to move slowly to reform the social and economic aspects of the Dominican Republic, while he tried to have direct contact with the armed forces because of their threat concerning pressure in the political field. To directly attack the last problem, he implemented a program that reassigned or even removed officers who were skeptical of his plans and also promoted younger officers who stood behind Guzmán. This new program also called for an institution for more formal training for officers and personnel that enlisted in the armed forces. This program proved to be a great success, and it was a major part of the legacy Guzmán left behind.

Politically though, there was not a lot Guzmán could do because he was restrained to some extent since the majority of Congress consisted of Balaguer's Reformist Party—which gave them benefits when it came to vetoing the different reforms Guzmán wished to launch. Since Guzmán was a wealthy cattle rancher—he knew how to implement well-mapped economic policies. He also helped make the nation's public transportation system better and increased minimum wage. But even though Guzmán made many reforms that were beneficial to the country, he was still criticized for not responding to the economic decline. One big event that made the criticism even stronger was Hurricane David that hit in 1979, which slowed the economy even more.

End of Presidency

[edit]

Early in June 1982, Hipólito Mejía, who was running to become senator for the Santiago Province, was told that the president was not feeling well and that he should pay him a visit. Hipólito had a good relationship with the president, who had appointed him Minister of Agriculture in 1978. Upon arriving Hipólito found Guzmán sitting on the beach crying, next to his horse. Something that Hipólito, and everyone else, knew was very out of character in a president with a very strong and vibrant personality. When Hipólito inquired, Guzmán told him he was worried about the country's future. That same day Hipólito told Renée Klang Avelino, the president's wife, that he was worried about Guzmán, but Renée dismissed it telling him not to worry, her husband a valiant and fearless leader, and that there was nothing wrong with him. Three days later the president had dinner at Hipólito's house. There Hipólito's wife noticed that the president was acting very out of character and that he looked somewhat untidy. After listening to his wife's concerns, Hipólito visited a psychiatrist friend who told him that the president may be suffering from depression. Hipólito would not have any of this of course, he knew his friend very well and told the psychiatrist that "Guzman basically invented anti-depression". But the psychiatrist replied with a stern warning. "Hipólito, depression is a cursed illness. Be very careful". It is very likely that the president was suffering from depression but kept it from everyone, even his wife. Furthermore, even if he had acknowledged it, he was the type of person that would have never taken medications for it. According to Hipólito, that's the kind of person he was.

About a month later, on July 4, 1982, Hipólito was awakened at 4 am by a phone call from his cousin. Antonio Guzmán had shot himself. Vice-President Jacobo Majluta became acting President and ruled for the remaining 43 days of the four-year term (source missing).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Núñez Núñez, Milcíades Humberto (June 1, 2013). "Los Guzmán de Don Antonio (3 de 3)". Cápsulas Genealógicas (in Spanish). Instituto Dominicano de Genealogía. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by President of the Dominican Republic
1978–1982 		Succeeded by
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