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{{Short description|French astronomer and mathematician (1816–1872)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Charles-Eugène Delaunay
| name = Charles-Eugène Delaunay
|image =Charles Eugene Delaunay.jpeg
| image = Charles Eugene Delaunay.jpeg
|image_size =150px
| image_size = 150px
|caption = Charles-Eugène Delaunay
| caption = Charles-Eugène Delaunay
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1816|4|9|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1816|4|9|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Lusigny-sur-Barse]], France
| birth_place = [[Lusigny-sur-Barse]], [[France]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1872|8|5|1816|4|9|df=y}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1872|8|5|1816|4|9|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Cherbourg]]
| death_place = [[Cherbourg]], France
|residence =
| residence =
|citizenship =
| citizenship =
|nationality = French
| nationality = French
|ethnicity =
| ethnicity =
|field = [[astronomy]]
| field = [[Astronomy]] <br/> [[Celestial mechanics]]
|work_institutions = [[Paris Observatory]]
| work_institutions = [[Paris Observatory]]
|alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
|doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_advisor =
|doctoral_students =
| doctoral_students =
|known_for = [[Moon|lunar motion]] studies
| known_for = [[Orbital elements#Delaunay variables|Delaunay variables]]
|author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_bot =
|author_abbrev_zoo =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences =
| influences =
|influenced =
| influenced =
|prizes =
| prizes =
|religion =
| religion =
|footnotes =
| footnotes =
|signature =
| signature =
}}
}}


'''Charles-Eugène Delaunay''' (9 April 1816 &ndash; 5 August 1872) was a French [[astronomer]] and mathematician. His [[lunar theory|lunar motion]] studies were important in advancing both the theory of [[planet]]ary motion and mathematics.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary: M. Charles E. Delaunay|journal=MNRAS|date=February 1873|volume=33|pages=203–209|bibcode=1873MNRAS..33..190.|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065215124;view=1up;seq=227}}</ref>
'''Charles-Eugène Delaunay''' ({{IPA|fr|ʃaʁl øʒɛn dəlonɛ}}; 9 April 1816 &ndash; 5 August 1872) was a French [[astronomer]] and mathematician. His [[lunar theory|lunar motion]] studies were important in advancing both the theory of [[planet]]ary motion and mathematics.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Obituary: M. Charles E. Delaunay|journal=MNRAS|date=February 1873|volume=33|pages=203–209|bibcode=1873MNRAS..33..190.|url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065215124;view=1up;seq=227|doi = 10.1093/mnras/33.4.190 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024|doi-access=free }}</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Born in [[Lusigny-sur-Barse]], France, to Jacques‐Hubert Delaunay and Catherine Choiselat,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |year=2009 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |accessdate=August 22, 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58351.html}}</ref> Delaunay studied under [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]] at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]]. He worked on the mechanics of the [[Moon]] as a special case of the [[n-body problem#Three-body problem|three-body problem]]. He published two volumes on the topic, each of 900 pages in length, in 1860 and 1867. The work hints at chaos in the system, and clearly demonstrates the problem of so-called "small denominators" in perturbation theory. His [[perturbation theory|infinite series]] expression for finding the position of the Moon converged too slowly to be of practical use but was a catalyst in the development of [[functional analysis]]<ref name="mactutor">O'Connor & Edmund</ref> and [[computer algebra]].<ref>R. Pavelle, M. Rothstein and J. Fitch, "Computer Algebra", ''Scientific American'', '''245''' (6), pp.102-113 (December 1981)</ref>
Born in [[Lusigny-sur-Barse]], France, to Jacques‐Hubert Delaunay and Catherine Choiselat,<ref>{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |year=2009 |publisher=[[Springer Publishing]] |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |access-date=August 22, 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58351.html}}</ref> Delaunay studied under [[Jean-Baptiste Biot]] at the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]]. He worked on the mechanics of the [[Moon]] as a special case of the [[n-body problem#Three-body problem|three-body problem]]. He published two volumes on the topic, each of 900 pages in length, in 1860 and 1867. The work hints at chaos in the system, and clearly demonstrates the problem of so-called "small denominators" in perturbation theory. His [[perturbation theory|infinite series]] expression for finding the position of the Moon converged too slowly to be of practical use but was a catalyst in the development of [[functional analysis]]<ref name="mactutor">O'Connor & Edmund</ref> and [[computer algebra]].<ref>R. Pavelle, M. Rothstein and J. Fitch, "Computer Algebra", ''Scientific American'', '''245''' (6), pp.102-113 (December 1981)</ref>


Delaunay became director of the [[Paris Observatory]] in 1870 but drowned in a boating accident near [[Cherbourg]], France two years later.<ref name="mactutor"/>
Delaunay became director of the [[Paris Observatory]] in 1870 but drowned in a boating accident near [[Cherbourg]], France, two years later.<ref name="mactutor"/> He was followed by [[Jean Claude Bouquet]] at the Academy. [[Peter Tait (physicist)|Peter Guthrie Tait]] in his book ''An Elementary Treatise on Quaternions'' edition 1867 on page 244 named Didonia in honour of Delaunay.


==Honours==
==Honours==
*Member of the ''[[Académie des Sciences]]'', (1855)<ref name="eb">[Anon.] (2001)</ref>
*Member of the ''[[Académie des Sciences]]'', (1855)<ref name="eb">[Anon.] (2001)</ref>
*[[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]], (1870)<ref>{{Citation
*[[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]], (1870)<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.ras.org.uk/images/stories/awards/winners/gold_medallists.pdf
|url = http://www.ras.org.uk/images/stories/awards/winners/gold_medallists.pdf
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924084826/http://www.ras.org.uk/images/stories/awards/winners/gold_medallists.pdf
⚫
| title = Gold Medal Winners
| work =
|url-status = dead
|archive-date = 24 September 2015
⚫
| publisher = [[Royal Astronomical Society]]
⚫
|title = Gold Medal Winners
⚫
| accessdate = 4 November 2014
⚫
|publisher = [[Royal Astronomical Society]]
⚫
|access-date = 4 November 2014
}}
}}
</ref>
</ref>
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==

===By Delaunay===
===By Delaunay===
*{{ cite book | title=Cours élémentaire de mécanique | origyear=1850 | author=Delaunay, C.-E. | year=1874 | edition=8th }}
*{{ cite book | title=Cours élémentaire de mécanique | orig-year=1850 | author=Delaunay, C.-E. | year=1874 | edition=8th}}
*{{ cite book | title=Cours élémentaire d'astronomie | origyear=1853 | edition=5th | year=1870 | author=— }}
*{{ cite book | title=Cours élémentaire d'astronomie | orig-year=1853 | edition=5th | year=1870 | author=Delaunay, C.-E.}}
*{{ cite book | title=Traité de mécanique rationnelle | origyear=1856 | author=— | edition=4th | year=1873 }}
*{{ cite book | title=Traité de mécanique rationnelle | orig-year=1856 | author=Delaunay, C.-E. | edition=4th | year=1873}}
*{{ cite book | title=Théorie du mouvement de la lune | volume=Vol. 1 | year=1860 | author=— }}
*{{ cite book | title=Théorie du mouvement de la lune | volume=1 | year=1860 | author=Delaunay, C.-E.}}
*{{ cite book | title=Théorie du mouvement de la lune | volume=Vol. 2 | year=1867 | author=— }}
*{{ cite book | title=Théorie du mouvement de la lune | volume=2 | year=1867 | author=Delaunay, C.-E.}}
*{{ cite book | title=Ralentissement de la rotation de la terre | year=1866 | author=— }}
*{{ cite book | title=Ralentissement de la rotation de la terre | year=1866 | author=Delaunay, C.-E.}}
*{{ cite book | title=Rapport sur les progrès de l'astronomie | year=1867 | author=— }}
*{{ cite book | title=Rapport sur les progrès de l'astronomie | year=1867 | author=Delaunay, C.-E.}}


===About Delaunay===
===About Delaunay===
*[Anon.] (2001) "Delaunay, Charles-Eugène", ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]], Deluxe edition CD-ROM
*[Anon.] (2001) "Delaunay, Charles-Eugène", ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Deluxe edition CD-ROM
*{{MacTutor Biography|id=Delaunay}}
*{{MacTutor Biography|id=Delaunay}}
*[https://bibnum.obspm.fr/ark:/11287/3Jj6M Some of Delaunay's works are digitalized] on [[Paris Observatory]] digital library.


{{Eiffel names}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Delaunay, Charles-Eugene
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = French astronomer
| DATE OF BIRTH = 9 April 1816
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Lusigny-sur-Barse]], France
| DATE OF DEATH = 5 August 1872
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Cherbourg]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Delaunay, Charles-Eugene}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Delaunay, Charles-Eugene}}
[[Category:École Polytechnique alumni]]
[[Category:École Polytechnique alumni]]
[[Category:Mines ParisTech alumni]]
[[Category:Mines Paris - PSL alumni]]
[[Category:Corps des mines]]
[[Category:Corps des mines]]
[[Category:French astronomers]]
[[Category:19th-century French astronomers]]
[[Category:19th-century French mathematicians]]
[[Category:19th-century French mathematicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society]]
Line 88: Line 83:
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Boating accident deaths]]
[[Category:Boating accident deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths by drowning]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in France]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in France]]

Revision as of 22:44, 22 August 2024

Charles-Eugène Delaunay
Charles-Eugène Delaunay
Born(1816-04-09)9 April 1816
Lusigny-sur-Barse, France
Died5 August 1872(1872-08-05) (aged 56)
Cherbourg, France
NationalityFrench
Known forDelaunay variables
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
Celestial mechanics
InstitutionsParis Observatory

Charles-Eugène Delaunay (French pronunciation: [ʃaʁl øʒɛn dəlonɛ]; 9 April 1816 – 5 August 1872) was a French astronomer and mathematician. His lunar motion studies were important in advancing both the theory of planetary motion and mathematics.[1]

Life

Born in Lusigny-sur-Barse, France, to Jacques‐Hubert Delaunay and Catherine Choiselat,[2] Delaunay studied under Jean-Baptiste Biot at the Sorbonne. He worked on the mechanics of the Moon as a special case of the three-body problem. He published two volumes on the topic, each of 900 pages in length, in 1860 and 1867. The work hints at chaos in the system, and clearly demonstrates the problem of so-called "small denominators" in perturbation theory. His infinite series expression for finding the position of the Moon converged too slowly to be of practical use but was a catalyst in the development of functional analysis[3] and computer algebra.[4]

Delaunay became director of the Paris Observatory in 1870 but drowned in a boating accident near Cherbourg, France, two years later.[3] He was followed by Jean Claude Bouquet at the Academy. Peter Guthrie Tait in his book An Elementary Treatise on Quaternions edition 1867 on page 244 named Didonia in honour of Delaunay.

Honours

References

  1. ^ "Obituary: M. Charles E. Delaunay". MNRAS. 33: 203–209. February 1873. Bibcode:1873MNRAS..33..190.. doi:10.1093/mnras/33.4.190 (inactive 31 January 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link)
  2. ^ Hockey, Thomas (2009). The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
  3. ^ a b O'Connor & Edmund
  4. ^ R. Pavelle, M. Rothstein and J. Fitch, "Computer Algebra", Scientific American, 245 (6), pp.102-113 (December 1981)
  5. ^ [Anon.] (2001)
  6. ^ Gold Medal Winners (PDF), Royal Astronomical Society, archived from the original (PDF) on 24 September 2015, retrieved 4 November 2014

Bibliography

By Delaunay

  • Delaunay, C.-E. (1874) [1850]. Cours élémentaire de mécanique (8th ed.).
  • Delaunay, C.-E. (1870) [1853]. Cours élémentaire d'astronomie (5th ed.).
  • Delaunay, C.-E. (1873) [1856]. Traité de mécanique rationnelle (4th ed.).
  • Delaunay, C.-E. (1860). Théorie du mouvement de la lune. Vol. 1.
  • Delaunay, C.-E. (1867). Théorie du mouvement de la lune. Vol. 2.
  • Delaunay, C.-E. (1866). Ralentissement de la rotation de la terre.
  • Delaunay, C.-E. (1867). Rapport sur les progrès de l'astronomie.

About Delaunay

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