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{{Short description|African-American historian}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2011}}
{{Infobox academic
| honorific_prefix = <!-- see [[MOS:CREDENTIAL]] and [[MOS:HONORIFIC]] -->
| name = Rayford Whittingham Logan
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Rayford W Logan 1917.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = <!-- use only if different from full/othernames -->
| birth_date ={{birth date|1897|01|7}}
| birth_place = Washington D.C., U.S.
| death_date ={{death date and age|1982|11|4|1897|01|7}}
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| citizenship = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| other_names =
| occupation = Non-fiction writer
| period =
| known_for = Chief advisor to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) on international affairs
| title =
| boards = <!--board or similar positions extraneous to main occupation-->
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| awards = <!--notable national-level awards only-->
| website =
| education =
| alma_mater =Williams College
| thesis_title =
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| academic_advisors =
| influences = <!--must be referenced from a third-party source-->
| era =
| discipline = History
| sub_discipline = <!--academic discipline specialist area – e.g. Sub-atomic research, 20th-century Danish specialist, Pauline research, Arcadian and Ugaritic specialist-->
| workplaces = <!--full-time positions only, not student positions-->
| doctoral_students = <!--only those with WP articles-->
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}}

'''Rayford Whittingham Logan''' (January 7, 1897 – November 4, 1982) was an African-American historian and [[Pan-African]] activist. He was best known for his study of [[post-Reconstruction era|post-Reconstruction]] [[United States|America]], a period he termed "the [[nadir of American race relations]]". In the late 1940s he was the chief advisor to the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] ([[NAACP]]) on international affairs. He was professor emeritus of history at [[Howard University]].<ref name=NYT>Peter B. Flint, [https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/06/obituaries/dr-rayford-logan-professor-who-wrote-books-on-blacks.html "Dr. Rayford Logan, Professor Who Wrote Books on Blacks"], ''The New York Times'', November 6, 1982.</ref>
'''Rayford Whittingham Logan''' (January 7, 1897 – November 4, 1982) was an African-American historian and [[Pan-African]] activist. He was best known for his study of [[post-Reconstruction era|post-Reconstruction]] [[United States|America]], a period he termed "the [[nadir of American race relations]]". In the late 1940s he was the chief advisor to the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] ([[NAACP]]) on international affairs. He was professor emeritus of history at [[Howard University]].<ref name=NYT>Peter B. Flint, [https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/06/obituaries/dr-rayford-logan-professor-who-wrote-books-on-blacks.html "Dr. Rayford Logan, Professor Who Wrote Books on Blacks"], ''The New York Times'', November 6, 1982.</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Rayford Logan was born and raised in [[Washington, DC]]. He won a scholarship to [[Williams College]], graduating in 1917.<ref name=BlackPast>Malik Simba, [http://www.blackpast.org/aah/logan-rayford-1897-1982#sthash.Mu9StqyW.dpuf "Logan, Rayford W. (1897-1982)"], BlackPast.org</ref> During the [[First World War]] he joined the [[U.S. Army]], and served as a first lieutenant in the all-black [[93rd Infantry Division (United States)|93rd infantry Division]], which undertook operations with French troops.<ref name=NYT /> Once the war ended, Logan remained in [[France]], absorbing both the culture and the language.<ref name=BlackPast /> He helped to co-ordinate the [[2nd Pan-African Congress]] in [[Paris]] in 1921. He returned to the US in the early 1920s and began teaching at [[Virginia Union University]], a [[historically black college]] in [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]].<ref name=BlackPast />
Rayford Logan was born and raised in [[Washington, DC]]. He won a scholarship to [[Williams College]], graduating in 1917.<ref name=BlackPast>Malik Simba, [http://www.blackpast.org/aah/logan-rayford-1897-1982#sthash.Mu9StqyW.dpuf "Logan, Rayford W. (1897–1982)"], BlackPast.org</ref> During the [[First World War]] he joined the [[U.S. Army]], and served as a first lieutenant in the all-black [[93rd Infantry Division (United States)|93rd infantry Division]], which undertook operations with French troops.<ref name=NYT /> Once the war ended, Logan remained in [[France]], absorbing both the culture and the language.<ref name=BlackPast /> He helped to co-ordinate the [[2nd Pan-African Congress]] in [[Paris]] in 1921. He returned to the US in the early 1920s and began teaching at [[Virginia Union University]], a [[historically black college]] in [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]].<ref name=BlackPast />


During the United States' occupation of [[Haiti]], he made a fact finding mission to [[Haiti]] to investigate educational efforts and published his findings in ''[[The Journal of Negro History]]''<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Logan|first1=Rayford W.|title=Education in Haiti|journal=The Journal of Negro History|date=October 1930|volume=15|issue=4|pages=401–460|publisher=Association for the Study of African American Life and History, Inc.|doi=10.2307/2714206|jstor=2714206|s2cid=149726775}}</ref> in October 1930. The main findings indicated there was little improvement in education due to the choice of [[Southern United States|Southern]] [[White Americans|white]] [[United States Marine Corps|Marines]] as country administrators – men who had been raised with [[Jim Crow laws]] in the American South and had brought their prejudice with them to their new assignment in [[Haiti]], a majority-black republic. The main improvement effort resulted in establishing agricultural schools, which were highly expensive and staffed by non-French speakers, so classes had to be translated. The funding provided to these schools dwarfed the amount given to the majority of academic schools.
During the [[United States occupation of Haiti]], Logan made a fact-finding mission to [[Haiti]] to investigate educational efforts and published his findings in ''[[The Journal of Negro History]]''<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Logan|first1=Rayford W.|title=Education in Haiti|journal=The Journal of Negro History|date=October 1930|volume=15|issue=4|pages=401–460|publisher=Association for the Study of African American Life and History, Inc.|doi=10.2307/2714206|jstor=2714206|s2cid=149726775}}</ref> in October 1930. The main findings indicated there was little improvement in education due to the choice of [[Southern United States|Southern]] [[White Americans|white]] [[United States Marine Corps|Marines]] as country administrators – men who had been raised with [[Jim Crow laws]] in the American South and had brought their prejudice with them to their new assignment in [[Haiti]], a majority-black republic. The main improvement effort resulted in establishing agricultural schools, which were highly expensive and staffed by non-French speakers, so classes had to be translated. The funding provided to these schools dwarfed the amount given to the majority of academic schools.


In 1930 Logan started graduate studies at [[Harvard University]], earning an MA in 1932 and a Ph.D. in 1936. Logan became a professor at [[Howard University]], where he practiced as a historian from 1938 to 1965.<ref name=BlackPast />
In 1930 Logan started graduate studies at [[Harvard University]], earning an MA in 1932 and a Ph.D. in 1936. Logan became a professor at [[Howard University]], where he practiced as a historian from 1938 to 1965.<ref name=BlackPast />


In 1932, [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] appointed Logan to his [[Black Cabinet]]. Logan drafted Roosevelt's [[Executive order (United States)|executive order]] prohibiting the exclusion of blacks from the military in World War II.<ref name=order>[http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/portal/rayford-logan-residence-african-american-heritage-trail "Rayford Logan Residence, African American Heritage Trail."] ''www.culturaltourismdc.org.'' Retrieved March 9, 2015.</ref>
In 1932, [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] appointed Logan to his [[Black Cabinet]]. Logan drafted Roosevelt's [[Executive order (United States)|executive order]] prohibiting the exclusion of blacks from the military in World War II.<ref name=order>[http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/portal/rayford-logan-residence-african-american-heritage-trail "Rayford Logan Residence, African American Heritage Trail"], Office of Cultural Tourism,, Washington, D.C. Retrieved March 9, 2015.</ref>


In 1950–51, Logan became Director of the [[Association for the Study of African American Life and History]] (ASALH).<ref name=":0" />
In 1950–51, Logan became Director of the [[Association for the Study of African American Life and History]] (ASALH).<ref name=":0" />


Logan was the 15th General President of [[Alpha Phi Alpha]], the first intercollegiate [[Greek alphabet|Greek-letter]] [[Fraternities and sororities|fraternity]] established for African Americans.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Logan, Rayford Whittingham, 1897-1982|url=http://crdl.usg.edu/people/l/logan_rayford_whittingham_1897_1982/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=crdl.usg.edu}}</ref>
Logan was the 15th General President of [[Alpha Phi Alpha]], the first intercollegiate [[Greek alphabet|Greek-letter]] [[Fraternities and sororities|fraternity]] established for African Americans.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Logan, Rayford Whittingham, 1897–1982|url=http://crdl.usg.edu/people/l/logan_rayford_whittingham_1897_1982/|access-date=2021-05-07|website=Civil Rights Digital Library}}</ref>


Logan died of a heart ailment at [[Howard University Hospital]], aged 85.<ref name=NYT />
Logan died of a heart ailment at [[Howard University Hospital]], aged 85.<ref name=NYT />


==Legacy and honors==
==Legacy and honors==
*In 1980, he was awarded the [[Spingarn Medal]] from the [[NAACP]].<ref>[http://www.naacp.org/pages/spingarn-medal-winners NAACP Spingarn Medal] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/6PLj9XvLc?url=http://www.naacp.org/pages/spingarn-medal-winners |date=May 5, 2014 }}</ref>
*In 1980, he was awarded the [[Spingarn Medal]] from the [[NAACP]].<ref>[http://www.naacp.org/pages/spingarn-medal-winners NAACP Spingarn Medal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802063355/http://www.naacp.org/pages/spingarn-medal-winners |date=August 2, 2014 }}</ref>
*His longtime residence in the [[Brookland (Washington, D.C.)|Brookland]] section of Washington, DC, is a designated site of the city's African-American Heritage Trail.<ref>[http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/portal/rayford-logan-residence-african-american-heritage-trail "Rayford Logan Residence, African American Heritage Trail"], Office of Cultural Tourism, Washington, DC</ref>
*His longtime residence in the [[Brookland (Washington, D.C.)|Brookland]] section of Washington, DC, is a designated site of the city's African-American Heritage Trail.<ref name=order />


==Selected bibliography==
==Selected bibliography==
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*''The African Mandates in World Politics'' (Washington: [[Public Affairs Press]], 1948)
*''The African Mandates in World Politics'' (Washington: [[Public Affairs Press]], 1948)
*''The Senate and the Versailles Mandate System'' (The Minorities Publishers, 1945; 1975)
*''The Senate and the Versailles Mandate System'' (The Minorities Publishers, 1945; 1975)
*''The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776-1891'' (1941; 1969, {{ISBN|978-0527580001}})
*''The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776–1891'' (1941; 1969, {{ISBN|978-0527580001}})
*''Haiti and the Dominican Republic'' (1968; Oxford University Press) [https://archive.org/details/haitidominicanr00loga/mode/2up online]
*''Haiti and the Dominican Republic'' (1968; Oxford University Press) [https://archive.org/details/haitidominicanr00loga/mode/2up online]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
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[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:1982 deaths]]
[[Category:African-American writers]]
[[Category:20th-century African-American writers]]
[[Category:20th-century American historians]]
[[Category:20th-century American historians]]
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[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:African-American male writers]]
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[[Category:Alpha Phi Alpha presidents]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Historians of the United States]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Historians of race relations]]
[[Category:Historians of race relations]]
[[Category:Writers from Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Historians of the United States]]
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[[Category:Alpha Phi Alpha presidents]]
[[Category:Spingarn Medal winners]]
[[Category:Howard University faculty]]
[[Category:Howard University faculty]]
[[Category:Harvard University alumni]]
[[Category:Williams College alumni]]
[[Category:Williams College alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]
[[Category:Writers from Washington, D.C.]]
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[[Category:20th-century African-American writers]]

Latest revision as of 21:33, 22 August 2024

Rayford Whittingham Logan
Born(1897-01-07)January 7, 1897
Washington D.C., U.S.
DiedNovember 4, 1982(1982-11-04) (aged 85)
OccupationNon-fiction writer
Known forChief advisor to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) on international affairs
Academic background
Alma materWilliams College
Academic work
DisciplineHistory

Rayford Whittingham Logan (January 7, 1897 – November 4, 1982) was an African-American historian and Pan-African activist. He was best known for his study of post-Reconstruction America, a period he termed "the nadir of American race relations". In the late 1940s he was the chief advisor to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) on international affairs. He was professor emeritus of history at Howard University.[1]

Life

[edit]

Rayford Logan was born and raised in Washington, DC. He won a scholarship to Williams College, graduating in 1917.[2] During the First World War he joined the U.S. Army, and served as a first lieutenant in the all-black 93rd infantry Division, which undertook operations with French troops.[1] Once the war ended, Logan remained in France, absorbing both the culture and the language.[2] He helped to co-ordinate the 2nd Pan-African Congress in Paris in 1921. He returned to the US in the early 1920s and began teaching at Virginia Union University, a historically black college in Richmond.[2]

During the United States occupation of Haiti, Logan made a fact-finding mission to Haiti to investigate educational efforts and published his findings in The Journal of Negro History[3] in October 1930. The main findings indicated there was little improvement in education due to the choice of Southern white Marines as country administrators – men who had been raised with Jim Crow laws in the American South and had brought their prejudice with them to their new assignment in Haiti, a majority-black republic. The main improvement effort resulted in establishing agricultural schools, which were highly expensive and staffed by non-French speakers, so classes had to be translated. The funding provided to these schools dwarfed the amount given to the majority of academic schools.

In 1930 Logan started graduate studies at Harvard University, earning an MA in 1932 and a Ph.D. in 1936. Logan became a professor at Howard University, where he practiced as a historian from 1938 to 1965.[2]

In 1932, President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Logan to his Black Cabinet. Logan drafted Roosevelt's executive order prohibiting the exclusion of blacks from the military in World War II.[4]

In 1950–51, Logan became Director of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH).[5]

Logan was the 15th General President of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African Americans.[5]

Logan died of a heart ailment at Howard University Hospital, aged 85.[1]

Legacy and honors

[edit]
  • In 1980, he was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP.[6]
  • His longtime residence in the Brookland section of Washington, DC, is a designated site of the city's African-American Heritage Trail.[4]

Selected bibliography

[edit]
  • The Betrayal of the Negro (1954/ Collier Books reprint 1965) online
  • Dictionary of American Negro Biography (updated edition, W. W. Norton, 1982; ISBN 978-0393015133) online
  • The Negro in the United States (Van Nostrand Co, 1970) online
  • The Negro in American Life and Thought: The Nadir, 1877–1901 (Dial Press, 1954)
  • The African Mandates in World Politics (Washington: Public Affairs Press, 1948)
  • The Senate and the Versailles Mandate System (The Minorities Publishers, 1945; 1975)
  • The Diplomatic Relations of the United States with Haiti, 1776–1891 (1941; 1969, ISBN 978-0527580001)
  • Haiti and the Dominican Republic (1968; Oxford University Press) online

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Peter B. Flint, "Dr. Rayford Logan, Professor Who Wrote Books on Blacks", The New York Times, November 6, 1982.
  2. ^ a b c d Malik Simba, "Logan, Rayford W. (1897–1982)", BlackPast.org
  3. ^ Logan, Rayford W. (October 1930). "Education in Haiti". The Journal of Negro History. 15 (4). Association for the Study of African American Life and History, Inc.: 401–460. doi:10.2307/2714206. JSTOR 2714206. S2CID 149726775.
  4. ^ a b "Rayford Logan Residence, African American Heritage Trail", Office of Cultural Tourism,, Washington, D.C. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  5. ^ a b "Logan, Rayford Whittingham, 1897–1982". Civil Rights Digital Library. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
  6. ^ NAACP Spingarn Medal Archived August 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

Further reading

[edit]
  • Janken, Kenneth Robert (April 1997). Rayford W. Logan and the Dilemma of the African-American Intellectual. University of Massachusetts Press. p. 336. ISBN 1-55849-069-8.
  • Mason, Herman (1999). "Rayford Whittingham Logan". The Talented Tenth: The Founders and Presidents of Alpha (2nd ed.). Winter Park, FL: Four-G. ISBN 1-885066-63-5.
[edit]
Library resources about
Rayford Whittingham Logan
By Rayford Whittingham Logan
Preceded by General President of Alpha Phi Alpha
1941–1945 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rayford_Logan&oldid=1241736543"