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Coordinates: 51°30′35″N 0°07′12″W / 51.5097°N 0.1200°W / 51.5097; -0.1200
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{{Short description|Area within London}}
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'''The Savoy''' was a [[Manorialism|manor]] and [[liberty (division)|liberty]] located between the [[City and Liberty of Westminster|Liberty of Westminster]], on two sides, the Inner and Middle Temple part of [[City of London]] and the [[River Thames]]. It was in the county of [[Middlesex]]. It was all held by the [[Duchy of Lancaster]], and was also known as the '''Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster'''. The manor, enjoying the status of a liberty, comprised the [[precinct of the Savoy]], the southern half and detached south-west of the parish of [[St Clement Danes (parish)|St Clement Danes]] and about three quarters of [[St Mary le Strand (parish)|St Mary le Strand]] as it only, in a tiny part, extended north of [[Strand, London|the Strand]] whereas those parishes straddled this ancient road.
'''The Savoy''' was a [[Manorialism|manor]] and [[liberty (division)|liberty]] located between the [[City and Liberty of Westminster|Liberty of Westminster]], on two sides, the Inner and Middle Temple part of [[City of London]] and the [[River Thames]]. It was in the county of [[Middlesex]]. Named for the [[Savoy Palace]], it came to be held by the [[Duchy of Lancaster]], and was also known as the '''Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster'''. The duchy continues to have land holdings within the area. The manor, enjoying the status of a liberty, comprised the [[precinct of the Savoy]], the southern half and detached south-west of the parish of [[St Clement Danes (parish)|St Clement Danes]] and about three quarters of [[St Mary le Strand (parish)|St Mary le Strand]] as it only, in a tiny part, extended north of [[Strand, London|Strand]] whereas those parishes straddled this ancient road.


==History==
==History==
Line 53: Line 54:


===Duchy liberty===
===Duchy liberty===
In 1351 [[Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster|Henry of Grosmont]], a great-grandson of Henry III, was created the [[Duke of Lancaster|1st Duke of Lancaster]] for services in the [[Hundred Years War]]. The [[Family seat|seat]] of Lancaster in [[Lancashire]] was raised to a [[county palatine]].<ref group="notes">Palatine (which has primary syllable stress) is the relevant adjective; Palatinate (which has stress on the second syllable) is the noun, used alone.</ref><ref>Collins Dictionary</ref> This meant the area was ruled by hereditary noblemen possessing special authority and autonomy from the rest of the [[Kingdom of England]]. Although the noblemen swore allegiance to the king, they had the power to rule the county and its contiguous land largely independently of the king. All other properties attached to the [[Duchy of Lancaster]], including the Savoy became subject to the laws of the duke. As a consequence, someone being pursued for a debt in London could reside in the Savoy without fear of arrest by people acting under the authority of [[The Crown]]. Royal writs were not enforceable within the County of Lancashire until the 19th century. Lancaster had its own Court of [[Court of equity|Chancery]] until the 1970s. These circumstances have been used in historical fiction, such as the [[Aubrey-Maturin series|Aubrey-Maturin]] novels by [[Patrick O'Brian]] or John Pearce series by [[David Donachie]].
In 1351 [[Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster|Henry of Grosmont]], a great-grandson of Henry III, was created the [[Duke of Lancaster|1st Duke of Lancaster]] for services in the [[Hundred Years War]]. The [[Family seat|seat]] of Lancaster in [[Lancashire]] was raised to a [[county palatine]].<ref group="notes">Palatine (which has primary syllable stress) is the relevant adjective; Palatinate (which has stress on the second syllable) is the noun, used alone.</ref><ref>Collins Dictionary</ref> This meant the area was ruled by hereditary noblemen possessing special authority and autonomy from the rest of the [[Kingdom of England]]. Although the noblemen swore allegiance to the king, they had the power to rule the county and its contiguous land largely independently of the king. All other properties attached to the [[Duchy of Lancaster]], including the Savoy became subject to the laws of the duke. As a consequence, someone being pursued for a debt in London could reside in the Savoy without fear of arrest by people acting under the authority of [[The Crown]]. Royal writs were not enforceable within the County of Lancashire until the 19th century. Lancaster had its own Court of [[Court of equity|Chancery]] until the 1970s. These circumstances have been used in historical fiction, such as the [[Aubrey-Maturin series|Aubrey-Maturin]] novels by [[Patrick O'Brian]] or John Pearce series by [[David Donachie]].


==Governance==
==Governance==
The area was a parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster. It was divided into four wards, Church, Middle, Royal and Savoy. It was governed by a [[court leet]].<ref name="leet">{{cite book | author = Joseph Ritson | title = A digest of the proceedings of the Court Leet and of the manor and liberty of the Savoy | date = 1789}}</ref>
The area was a parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster. It was divided into four wards, Church, Middle, Royal and Savoy. It was governed by a [[court leet]].<ref name="leet">{{cite book | author = Joseph Ritson |author-link=Joseph Ritson | title = A digest of the proceedings of the Court Leet and of the manor and liberty of the Savoy | date = 1789}}</ref>


The liberty of the Savoy was part of [[Middlesex]], and those connected with it eligible to vote at parliamentary elections were electors for the seats of [[Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Westminster]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/constituencies/westminster | title=History of Parliament Trust. Constituency right to vote: Westminster|website=Historyofparliamentonline.org}}</ref>
The liberty of the Savoy was part of [[Middlesex]], and those connected with it eligible to vote at parliamentary elections were electors for the seats of [[Westminster (UK Parliament constituency)|Westminster]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1820-1832/constituencies/westminster | title=History of Parliament Trust. Constituency right to vote: Westminster|website=Historyofparliamentonline.org}}</ref>
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The practice of [[beating the bounds]] was abandoned by the Duchy of Lancaster in 1969 and revived in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2010/4-june/gazette/london-stately-beating|title=LONDON: Stately beating|website=Churchtimes.co.uk}}</ref>
The practice of [[beating the bounds]] was abandoned by the Duchy of Lancaster in 1969 and revived in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2010/4-june/gazette/london-stately-beating|title=LONDON: Stately beating|website=Churchtimes.co.uk}}</ref>

The Duchy of Lancaster continues to have land holdings within the area.<ref>{{cite web |title=Properties and Estates |url=https://www.duchyoflancaster.co.uk/properties-and-estates/ |website=The Duchy of Lancaster |access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
The Savoy had the [[River Thames]] as its southern limit. It was, as to about 95%, south of the [[Strand, London|Strand]]. It was made up of parts of two parishes and one extra-parochial place. These were from west to east:
The Savoy had the [[River Thames]] as its southern limit. About 95% of it was south of the [[Strand, London|Strand]]. It was made up of parts of two parishes and one extra-parochial place. These were from west to east:


*A rectangular part of the parish of [[St Clement Danes (parish)|St Clement Danes]] (south of the Strand, now the location of the Savoy Hotel and Shell Mex House)
*A rectangular part of the parish of [[St Clement Danes (parish)|St Clement Danes]], south of the Strand, now the location of the Savoy Hotel and Shell Mex House.
*All of the [[Precinct of the Savoy]] (now the location of the Savoy Chapel, Savoy Street and the [[Institution of Engineering and Technology|IET]] London)
*All of the [[Precinct of the Savoy]], now the location of the Savoy Chapel, Savoy Street and the [[Institution of Engineering and Technology|IET]] London.
*Part of the parish of St Clement Danes (north of the Strand, around Burleigh House/Lyceum Theatre)
*Part of the parish of St Clement Danes, north of the Strand, around Burleigh House/Lyceum Theatre.
*The southern {{frac|3|4}} of the parish of St Mary le Strand (now mostly taken up by Somerset House)
*The southern {{frac|3|4}} of the parish of St Mary le Strand, now mostly taken up by Somerset House.
*About half of the main part of the parish of St Clement Danes, south of the Strand
*About half of the main part of the parish of St Clement Danes, south of the Strand.


The limits are shown by a series of markers.
The limits are shown by a series of markers.
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*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/crace/m/largeimage88222.html Map of the Savoy Liberty, 1830]
*[http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/crace/m/largeimage88222.html Map of the Savoy Liberty, 1830]
*[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45137 'The Savoy', Old and New London: Volume 3 (1878)]
*[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=45137 'The Savoy', Old and New London: Volume 3 (1878)]
*[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol3 Old and New London: Volume 3 (1878)]
*{{cite web
|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol3/pp95-100
| title= The Savoy
| access-date=26 June 2023
}}
*{{cite web
*{{cite web
| url=http://www.pepysdiary.com/p/1159.php#11225
| url=http://www.pepysdiary.com/p/1159.php#11225
Line 98: Line 107:
| title= The early History of Piccadilly
| title= The early History of Piccadilly
| access-date=5 May 2006
| access-date=5 May 2006
}}
*{{cite web
| url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vols31-2/pt2/pp32-40
| title= The early History of Piccadilly
| access-date=26 June 2023
}}
}}


Latest revision as of 16:09, 22 August 2024

The Savoy
Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster

History
 • Created1246
StatusManor, Liberty
GovernmentCourt Leet of the Savoy
 • HQSomerset House
Subdivisions
 • TypeWards (4)
 • UnitsChurch, Middle, Royal, Savoy

The Savoy was a manor and liberty located between the Liberty of Westminster, on two sides, the Inner and Middle Temple part of City of London and the River Thames. It was in the county of Middlesex. Named for the Savoy Palace, it came to be held by the Duchy of Lancaster, and was also known as the Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster. The duchy continues to have land holdings within the area. The manor, enjoying the status of a liberty, comprised the precinct of the Savoy, the southern half and detached south-west of the parish of St Clement Danes and about three quarters of St Mary le Strand as it only, in a tiny part, extended north of Strand whereas those parishes straddled this ancient road.

History

[edit]

Toponymy

[edit]

Savoy is derived from Peter II, Count of Savoy who was granted land by Henry III in 1246.[1]

Palace and hospital

[edit]

The land for the palace was granted by Henry III to Peter of Savoy, uncle of his queen, Eleanor of Provence, and was renamed Savoy Palace.[2] Peter in turn gave the palace to the Congregation of Canons of the Great Saint Bernard, and it became the "Great Hospital of St Bernard de Monte Jovis in Savoy".[2] The hospital was purchased by Queen Eleanor who gave the site to her second son, Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. When Edward I became king, he confirmed the ownership of the Savoy area to Edmund with letters patent.[2]

Duchy liberty

[edit]

In 1351 Henry of Grosmont, a great-grandson of Henry III, was created the 1st Duke of Lancaster for services in the Hundred Years War. The seat of Lancaster in Lancashire was raised to a county palatine.[notes 1][3] This meant the area was ruled by hereditary noblemen possessing special authority and autonomy from the rest of the Kingdom of England. Although the noblemen swore allegiance to the king, they had the power to rule the county and its contiguous land largely independently of the king. All other properties attached to the Duchy of Lancaster, including the Savoy became subject to the laws of the duke. As a consequence, someone being pursued for a debt in London could reside in the Savoy without fear of arrest by people acting under the authority of The Crown. Royal writs were not enforceable within the County of Lancashire until the 19th century. Lancaster had its own Court of Chancery until the 1970s. These circumstances have been used in historical fiction, such as the Aubrey-Maturin novels by Patrick O'Brian or John Pearce series by David Donachie.

Governance

[edit]

The area was a parcel of the Duchy of Lancaster. It was divided into four wards, Church, Middle, Royal and Savoy. It was governed by a court leet.[4]

The liberty of the Savoy was part of Middlesex, and those connected with it eligible to vote at parliamentary elections were electors for the seats of Westminster.[5]

The Liberty of the Savoy was a franchise coroner's district until 1930, when it became part of the Central district of the County of London.[6][7]

The practice of beating the bounds was abandoned by the Duchy of Lancaster in 1969 and revived in 2010.[8]

The Duchy of Lancaster continues to have land holdings within the area.[9]

Geography

[edit]

The Savoy had the River Thames as its southern limit. About 95% of it was south of the Strand. It was made up of parts of two parishes and one extra-parochial place. These were from west to east:

  • A rectangular part of the parish of St Clement Danes, south of the Strand, now the location of the Savoy Hotel and Shell Mex House.
  • All of the Precinct of the Savoy, now the location of the Savoy Chapel, Savoy Street and the IET London.
  • Part of the parish of St Clement Danes, north of the Strand, around Burleigh House/Lyceum Theatre.
  • The southern 3⁄4 of the parish of St Mary le Strand, now mostly taken up by Somerset House.
  • About half of the main part of the parish of St Clement Danes, south of the Strand.

The limits are shown by a series of markers.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Palatine (which has primary syllable stress) is the relevant adjective; Palatinate (which has stress on the second syllable) is the noun, used alone.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Mills, D. (2000). Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford.
  2. ^ a b c Walter Thornbury (1878). "The Savoy". Old and New London: Volume 3. British History Online. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  3. ^ Collins Dictionary
  4. ^ Joseph Ritson (1789). A digest of the proceedings of the Court Leet and of the manor and liberty of the Savoy.
  5. ^ "History of Parliament Trust. Constituency right to vote: Westminster". Historyofparliamentonline.org.
  6. ^ [1] [dead link]
  7. ^ "AIM25 collection description". Aim25.ac.uk.
  8. ^ "LONDON: Stately beating". Churchtimes.co.uk.
  9. ^ "Properties and Estates". The Duchy of Lancaster. Retrieved 5 January 2023.
[edit]

51°30′35″N 0°07′12″W / 51.5097°N 0.1200°W / 51.5097; -0.1200

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