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Coordinates: 42°31′08″N 3°06′21″E / 42.5189°N 3.1058°E / 42.5189; 3.1058
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|INSEE = 66148
|INSEE = 66148
|postal code = 66660
|postal code = 66660
|mayor = Grégory Marty<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=2 December 2020|language=fr}}</ref>
|mayor = Jean Capallère
|term = 2001–2008
|term = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality =
|intercommunality =
|coordinates = {{coord|42.5189|3.1058|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|42.5189|3.1058|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
Line 21: Line 21:
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
}}
'''Port-Vendres''' ({{Lang-ca|Portvendres}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] [[Departments of France|department]] in southern France.
'''Port-Vendres''' ({{IPA|fr|pɔʁ vɑ̃dʁ|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-Fabricio Cardenas (Culex)-Port-Vendres.wav}}; {{lang-ca|Portvendres}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Pyrénées-Orientales]] [[Departments of France|department]], southeastern France.<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/cog/commune/COM66148-port-vendres INSEE commune file]</ref>


A typical [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] fishing port, situated near the Spanish border on the [[Côte Vermeille]] in south west France, Port-Vendres is renowned for its numerous fish and sea food restaurants.
A typical [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] fishing port, situated near the Spanish border on the [[Côte Vermeille]] in southeastern France, Port-Vendres is renowned for its numerous fish and sea food restaurants.


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
Line 29: Line 29:


[[File:Map commune FR insee code 66148.png|thumb|center|300px|Map of Port-Vendres and its surrounding communes]]
[[File:Map commune FR insee code 66148.png|thumb|center|300px|Map of Port-Vendres and its surrounding communes]]
[[File:Rorqual.JPG|thumb|[[Fin whale]] swimming nearby cap Béar.]]
[[File:Rorqual.JPG|thumb|[[Fin whale]] swimming nearby cap Béar]]
Port-Vendres is one of the few deep-water ports in this part of the French Mediterranean coast. It takes freighters and cruise ships, as well as large and small fishing boats which may be seen arriving with their daily catch.
Port-Vendres is one of the few deep-water ports in this part of the French Mediterranean coast. It takes freighters and cruise ships, as well as large and small fishing boats which may be seen arriving with their daily catch.


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=== Climate ===
=== Climate ===
{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Port-Vendres (1961–1990)
| location = Port-Vendres (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1973-present)
|metric first = Y
| metric first = Y
|single line = Y
| single line = Y
|Jan high C = 11.8
| Jan record high C = 22.2
|Feb high C = 12.4
| Feb record high C = 22.3
|Mar high C = 13.8
| Mar record high C = 24.8
|Apr high C = 16.0
| Apr record high C = 27.7
|May high C = 19.2
| May record high C = 32.2
|Jun high C = 23.0
| Jun record high C = 36.4
|Jul high C = 26.2
| Jul record high C = 34.5
|Aug high C = 25.7
| Aug record high C = 36.3
|Sep high C = 23.3
| Sep record high C = 32.4
|Oct high C = 19.6
| Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov high C = 15.2
| Nov record high C = 23.8
|Dec high C = 12.7
| Dec record high C = 23.0
|year high C = 18.2
| Jan high C = 12.2
|Jan mean C = 9.1
| Feb high C = 12.5
|Feb mean C = 9.6
| Mar high C = 14.8
|Mar mean C = 10.9
| Apr high C = 17.0
|Apr mean C = 13.0
| May high C = 20.3
|May mean C = 16.2
| Jun high C = 24.4
|Jun mean C = 19.9
| Jul high C = 27.0
|Jul mean C = 22.9
| Aug high C = 27.0
|Aug mean C = 22.6
| Sep high C = 23.6
|Sep mean C = 20.3
| Oct high C = 19.9
|Oct mean C = 16.8
| Nov high C = 15.7
|Nov mean C = 12.6
| Dec high C = 13.1
|Dec mean C = 10.0
| year high C = 18.9
|year mean C = 15.3
| Jan mean C = 9.7
|Jan low C = 6.4
| Feb mean C = 9.8
|Feb low C = 6.9
| Mar mean C = 12.1
|Mar low C = 8.0
| Apr mean C = 14.2
|Apr low C = 10.1
| May mean C = 17.5
|May low C = 13.2
| Jun mean C = 21.3
|Jun low C = 16.8
| Jul mean C = 23.9
|Jul low C = 19.7
| Aug mean C = 23.9
|Aug low C = 19.4
| Sep mean C = 20.8
|Sep low C = 17.3
| Oct mean C = 17.4
|Oct low C = 14.1
| Nov mean C = 13.3
|Nov low C = 9.9
| Dec mean C = 10.7
|Dec low C = 7.3
| year mean C = 16.2
|year low C = 12.4
| Jan low C = 7.2
| Feb low C = 7.1
⚫
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 48.2
| Mar low C = 9.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 45.5
| Apr low C = 11.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 43.3
| May low C = 14.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 46.3
| Jun low C = 18.2
|May precipitation mm = 52.8
| Jul low C = 20.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 28.2
| Aug low C = 20.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 17.1
| Sep low C = 17.8
|Aug precipitation mm = 36.8
| Oct low C = 14.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 50.2
| Nov low C = 10.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 95.3
| Dec low C = 8.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 61.1
| year low C = 13.4
| Jan record low C = -7.0
⚫
|Dec precipitation mm = 51.6
| Feb record low C = -3.1
⚫
|year precipitation mm = 576.4
| Mar record low C = -1.6
|Jan humidity = 73
| Apr record low C = 2.0
|Feb humidity = 72
| May record low C = 4.8
|Mar humidity = 71
| Jun record low C = 9.0
|Apr humidity = 72
| Jul record low C = 12.2
|May humidity = 73
| Aug record low C = 14.0
|Jun humidity = 70
| Sep record low C = 9.1
|Jul humidity = 68
| Oct record low C = 5.2
|Aug humidity = 71
| Nov record low C = -0.5
|Sep humidity = 73
| Dec record low C = -5.9
|Oct humidity = 75
⚫
| precipitation colour = green
|Nov humidity = 73
| Jan precipitation mm = 51.9
|Dec humidity = 72
| Feb precipitation mm = 45.1
|year humidity = 71.9
| Mar precipitation mm = 50.6
⚫
|source 1 = Infoclimat.fr<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
| Apr precipitation mm = 53.9
⚫
| url = http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07749-cap-bear-port-vendres.html
| May precipitation mm = 48.5
⚫
| title = Normes et records 1961-1990: Cap Béar - Port-Vendres (66) - altitude 82m
| Jun precipitation mm = 33.3
⚫
| language = French
| Jul precipitation mm = 13.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 22.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 51.7
| Oct precipitation mm = 90.8
| Nov precipitation mm = 71.2
⚫
| Dec precipitation mm = 41.1
⚫
| year precipitation mm = 573.2
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 8.4
| Feb precipitation days = 9.7
| Mar precipitation days = 7.7
| Apr precipitation days = 7.5
| May precipitation days = 7.6
| Jun precipitation days = 9.7
| Jul precipitation days = 5.4
| Aug precipitation days = 7.3
| Sep precipitation days = 11.2
| Oct precipitation days = 13.3
| Nov precipitation days = 11.0
| Dec precipitation days = 7.4
⚫
| source 1 = Infoclimat.fr<ref name=Infoclimat>{{cite web
⚫
| url = https://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/normales-records/1991-2020/cap-bear-port-vendres/valeurs/07749.html
⚫
| title = Normales et records pour la période 1991-2020 à Cap Béar - Port-Vendres
⚫
| language = fr
| publisher = Infoclimat
| publisher = Infoclimat
| accessdate = January 7, 2016}}</ref>
| access-date = January 7, 2022}}</ref>
| source =
}}
}}


==History==
==History==
[[File:Obelisk of Port-Vendres.jpg|thumb|left|upright|<center>[[Obelisk]] of Port-Vendres.</center>]]
[[File:Obelisk of Port-Vendres.jpg|thumb|left|upright|{{center|[[Obelisk]] of Port-Vendres}}]]


Port-Vendres has been in existence since [[Iron Age]] times, when it was used as a harbour connected with the [[Iberians|Iberian]] settlement of Illiberis (modern [[Elne]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Busch |first=Silvia Orvietani |title=Medieval Mediterranean ports: the Catalan and Tuscan coasts, 1100 to 1235 |page=30 |year=2001 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-12069-3}}</ref> It was later developed by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]], who called it ''Portus Veneris'' after the [[Venus (mythology)|goddess Venus]]; there was probably a temple of Venus nearby for the good fortune of mariners.<ref name="Busch-64">Busch, p. 64</ref> During the Middle Ages, Port-Vendres was expanded by the rulers of the [[Kingdom of Majorca]] and served as a key point of connection between the mainland and the [[Balearic Islands]].<ref>Busch, p. 80</ref> It passed to France along with the rest of [[Roussillon]] in 1659, as a result of the [[Treaty of the Pyrenees]]. [[Vauban]] carried out work to fortify the port between 1673 and 1700, building three redoubts and fortresses.<ref name="Patrimony">{{cite web|title=Patrimony Discovery Tours|publisher=Port Vendres (official website)|url=http://www.port-vendres.com/uk/page_ic.php?them=3000|accessdate=16 July 2010}}</ref>
Port-Vendres has been in existence since [[Iron Age]] times, when it was used as a harbour connected with the [[Iberians|Iberian]] settlement of Illiberis (modern [[Elne]]).<ref>{{cite book |last=Busch |first=Silvia Orvietani |title=Medieval Mediterranean ports: the Catalan and Tuscan coasts, 1100 to 1235 |page=30 |year=2001 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-12069-3}}</ref> It was later developed by the [[Roman Empire|Romans]], who called it Portus Veneris after the [[Venus (mythology)|goddess Venus]]; there was probably a temple of Venus nearby for the good fortune of mariners.<ref name="Busch-64">Busch, p. 64.</ref> Ancient writers wrote that there was a sanctuary of [[Aphrodite]] and called it Aphrodisium ({{lang-grc|Ἀφροδίσιον}}).<ref name="Strabo">[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:4.1.3 Strabo, Geography, 4.1.3]</ref><ref><Ptolemaeus, Geography, II.</ref> [[Strabo]] writes that it was dedicated to the Pyrenaean Aphrodite ({{lang-grc|Πυρηναίας Ἀφροδίτης}}).<ref name="Strabo"/>
During the Middle Ages, Port-Vendres was expanded by the rulers of the [[Kingdom of Majorca]] and served as a key point of connection between the mainland and the [[Balearic Islands]].<ref>Busch, p. 80.</ref> It passed to France along with the rest of [[Roussillon]] in 1659, as a result of the [[Treaty of the Pyrenees]]. [[Vauban]] carried out work to fortify the port between 1673 and 1700, building three redoubts and fortresses.<ref name="Patrimony">{{cite web|title=Patrimony Discovery Tours|publisher=Port Vendres (official website)|url=http://www.port-vendres.com/uk/page_ic.php?them=3000|access-date=16 July 2010}}</ref>


Under [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]], a major expansion of the port was carried out under the supervision of Count [[Joseph Augustin De Mailly d'Haucourt]], the lieutenant general for Roussillon and commander in chief of the province. He was the driving force behind the modernisation of Port-Vendres as a port, and followed plans originally conceived by [[Vauban]] to open up and enlarge the existing facilities. From 1776–78, land was dug out and quays were created. A fourth fortress, the Redoute Mailly, was also built at this time to guard the harbour.
Under [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]], a major expansion of the port was carried out under the supervision of Count [[Joseph Augustin De Mailly d'Haucourt]], the lieutenant general for Roussillon and commander in chief of the province. He was the driving force behind the modernisation of Port-Vendres as a port, and followed plans originally conceived by [[Vauban]] to open up and enlarge the existing facilities. From 1776–78, land was dug out and quays were created. A fourth fortress, the Redoute Mailly, was also built at this time to guard the harbour.
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[[Charles De Wailly]], architect and painter to the king, was commissioned to build a {{convert|98|ft|m}}-high marble [[obelisk]] which has now become a focal point of Port-Vendres. The first stone was placed on 28 September 1780, by Mailly's wife, Felicite de Narbonne Pelet, and witnessed by much of the Roussillon nobility. The obelisk is adorned by four bronze [[bas-relief]]s representing the newly independent United States of America, which France had supported during the [[American War of Independence]]; the abolition of [[serfdom]] in France; free trade and the strengthened French Navy.<ref name="Patrimony" /> In commemoration of the building of the obelisk, the Fete de Mailly takes place every September. The day begins with a fancy dress parade through the streets followed by a re-enactment of the placing of the first stone, circus workshops, historical games, rides in a carriage, Xim Xim concert (featuring traditional dance music of central France), Catalan ballet, enactment of a pirate fight, ''jeu de foulard'' (bandana game), and so on.
[[Charles De Wailly]], architect and painter to the king, was commissioned to build a {{convert|98|ft|m}}-high marble [[obelisk]] which has now become a focal point of Port-Vendres. The first stone was placed on 28 September 1780, by Mailly's wife, Felicite de Narbonne Pelet, and witnessed by much of the Roussillon nobility. The obelisk is adorned by four bronze [[bas-relief]]s representing the newly independent United States of America, which France had supported during the [[American War of Independence]]; the abolition of [[serfdom]] in France; free trade and the strengthened French Navy.<ref name="Patrimony" /> In commemoration of the building of the obelisk, the Fete de Mailly takes place every September. The day begins with a fancy dress parade through the streets followed by a re-enactment of the placing of the first stone, circus workshops, historical games, rides in a carriage, Xim Xim concert (featuring traditional dance music of central France), Catalan ballet, enactment of a pirate fight, ''jeu de foulard'' (bandana game), and so on.


The Scottish [[Art Nouveau]] architect, interior designer, textile designer and water colourist [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] lived and painted in Port-Vendres from 1923 until 1927, when he was forced by ill health to return to London, where he died in 1928. During his stay in Port-Vendres Mackintosh painted many water colours of the town and the surrounding area.
The Scottish [[Art Nouveau]] architect, interior designer, textile designer and water colourist [[Charles Rennie Mackintosh]] lived and painted in Port-Vendres from 1923 until 1927, when he was forced by ill health to return to London, where he died in 1928. During his stay in Port-Vendres Mackintosh painted many watercolours of the town and the surrounding area.


During the Second World War, the town was part of a heavily fortified coastal zone established by the occupying forces of [[Nazi Germany]]. Coastal artillery batteries were built at [[Cap Béar]] just south of the town, but the Germans abandoned the area in August 1944 a few days after the Allied landings on the [[Côte d'Azur]] during [[Operation Dragoon]].
During the Second World War, the town was part of a heavily fortified coastal zone established by the occupying forces of [[Nazi Germany]]. Coastal artillery batteries were built at [[Cap Béar]] just south of the town, but the Germans abandoned the area in August 1944 a few days after the Allied landings on the [[Côte d'Azur]] during [[Operation Dragoon]].
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== Population ==
== Population ==
[[File:Population - Municipality code 66148.svg|center|thumb|300px|Population 1962-2008]]


{{Historical populations
⚫
==See also==
| align = none
| cols = 1
| percentages = pagr
| source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-66148#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = right
|1968 | 5705
|1975 | 5613
|1982 | 5246
|1990 | 5370
|1999 | 5881
|2007 | 4414
|2012 | 4227
|2017 | 4129
}}


⚫
==See also==
* [[Banyuls AOC]]
* [[Banyuls AOC]]
* [[Paulilles]]
* [[Paulilles]]
Line 159: Line 200:


==References==
==References==
* [http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/nomenclatures/cog/fichecommunale.asp?codedep=66&codecom=148 INSEE commune file]
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons|Port-Vendres}}
{{Commons}}
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Port-Vendres |volume=22 |short=x}}
*{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Port-Vendres |volume=22 |short=x}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030407171544/http://port-vendres.com/anglais/trad/index.htm Tourism Office website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030407171544/http://port-vendres.com/anglais/trad/index.htm Tourism Office website]
* [http://www.mediterranees.net/sasl/articles/obelisque.html Detailed article about the obelisk] {{Fr icon}}
* [http://www.mediterranees.net/sasl/articles/obelisque.html Detailed article about the obelisk] {{in lang|fr}}


{{Pyrénées-Orientales communes}}
{{Pyrénées-Orientales communes}}

{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Portvendres}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Portvendres}}

Revision as of 07:45, 22 August 2024

Port-Vendres
Commune
The harbour of Port-Vendres
The harbour of Port-Vendres
Coat of arms of Port-Vendres
Coat of arms
Location of Port-Vendres
Map
Port-Vendres is located in France
Port-Vendres
Port-Vendres
Port-Vendres is located in Occitanie
Port-Vendres
Port-Vendres
Coordinates: 42°31′08″N 3°06′21″E / 42.5189°N 3.1058°E / 42.5189; 3.1058
CountryFrance
RegionOccitania
DepartmentPyrénées-Orientales
ArrondissementCéret
CantonLa Côte Vermeille
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Grégory Marty[1]
Area
1
14.77 km2 (5.70 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
3,969
 • Density270/km2 (700/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
66148 /66660
Elevation0–655 m (0–2,149 ft)
(avg. 23 m or 75 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Port-Vendres (French pronunciation: [pɔʁ vɑ̃dʁ] ⓘ; Catalan: Portvendres) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department, southeastern France.[3]

A typical Mediterranean fishing port, situated near the Spanish border on the Côte Vermeille in southeastern France, Port-Vendres is renowned for its numerous fish and sea food restaurants.

Geography

Port-Vendres is located in the canton of La Côte Vermeille and in the arrondissement of Céret.

Map of Port-Vendres and its surrounding communes
Fin whale swimming nearby cap Béar

Port-Vendres is one of the few deep-water ports in this part of the French Mediterranean coast. It takes freighters and cruise ships, as well as large and small fishing boats which may be seen arriving with their daily catch.

The geomorphology of Port-Vendres meant that it developed in a different way from the nearby port of Collioure. Whereas Collioure has two beaches which slowly descend into a relatively shallow sandy-bottomed harbour, Port-Vendres is deeper and rockier. Collioure and Port-Vendres have therefore been used for different purposes - Collioure for small commercial ship and Port-Vendres for larger vessels and military transports.[4] During the 20th century, this made it a main point of embarkation for French troops going to serve in Algeria.

Climate

Climate data for Port-Vendres (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1973-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.2
(72.0) 		22.3
(72.1) 		24.8
(76.6) 		27.7
(81.9) 		32.2
(90.0) 		36.4
(97.5) 		34.5
(94.1) 		36.3
(97.3) 		32.4
(90.3) 		31.0
(87.8) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.0
(73.4) 		36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 12.2
(54.0) 		12.5
(54.5) 		14.8
(58.6) 		17.0
(62.6) 		20.3
(68.5) 		24.4
(75.9) 		27.0
(80.6) 		27.0
(80.6) 		23.6
(74.5) 		19.9
(67.8) 		15.7
(60.3) 		13.1
(55.6) 		18.9
(66.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.7
(49.5) 		9.8
(49.6) 		12.1
(53.8) 		14.2
(57.6) 		17.5
(63.5) 		21.3
(70.3) 		23.9
(75.0) 		23.9
(75.0) 		20.8
(69.4) 		17.4
(63.3) 		13.3
(55.9) 		10.7
(51.3) 		16.2
(61.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.2
(45.0) 		7.1
(44.8) 		9.3
(48.7) 		11.2
(52.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.2
(64.8) 		20.7
(69.3) 		20.8
(69.4) 		17.8
(64.0) 		14.7
(58.5) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.1
(46.6) 		13.4
(56.1)
Record low °C (°F) −7.0
(19.4) 		−3.1
(26.4) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		2.0
(35.6) 		4.8
(40.6) 		9.0
(48.2) 		12.2
(54.0) 		14.0
(57.2) 		9.1
(48.4) 		5.2
(41.4) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		−5.9
(21.4) 		−7.0
(19.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 51.9
(2.04) 		45.1
(1.78) 		50.6
(1.99) 		53.9
(2.12) 		48.5
(1.91) 		33.3
(1.31) 		13.0
(0.51) 		22.0
(0.87) 		51.7
(2.04) 		90.8
(3.57) 		71.2
(2.80) 		41.1
(1.62) 		573.2
(22.57)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 8.4 9.7 7.7 7.5 7.6 9.7 5.4 7.3 11.2 13.3 11.0 7.4 106.2
Source: Infoclimat.fr[5]

History

Obelisk of Port-Vendres

Port-Vendres has been in existence since Iron Age times, when it was used as a harbour connected with the Iberian settlement of Illiberis (modern Elne).[6] It was later developed by the Romans, who called it Portus Veneris after the goddess Venus; there was probably a temple of Venus nearby for the good fortune of mariners.[4] Ancient writers wrote that there was a sanctuary of Aphrodite and called it Aphrodisium (Ancient Greek: Ἀφροδίσιον).[7][8] Strabo writes that it was dedicated to the Pyrenaean Aphrodite (Ancient Greek: Πυρηναίας Ἀφροδίτης).[7]

During the Middle Ages, Port-Vendres was expanded by the rulers of the Kingdom of Majorca and served as a key point of connection between the mainland and the Balearic Islands.[9] It passed to France along with the rest of Roussillon in 1659, as a result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees. Vauban carried out work to fortify the port between 1673 and 1700, building three redoubts and fortresses.[10]

Under Louis XVI, a major expansion of the port was carried out under the supervision of Count Joseph Augustin De Mailly d'Haucourt, the lieutenant general for Roussillon and commander in chief of the province. He was the driving force behind the modernisation of Port-Vendres as a port, and followed plans originally conceived by Vauban to open up and enlarge the existing facilities. From 1776–78, land was dug out and quays were created. A fourth fortress, the Redoute Mailly, was also built at this time to guard the harbour.

Charles De Wailly, architect and painter to the king, was commissioned to build a 98 feet (30 m)-high marble obelisk which has now become a focal point of Port-Vendres. The first stone was placed on 28 September 1780, by Mailly's wife, Felicite de Narbonne Pelet, and witnessed by much of the Roussillon nobility. The obelisk is adorned by four bronze bas-reliefs representing the newly independent United States of America, which France had supported during the American War of Independence; the abolition of serfdom in France; free trade and the strengthened French Navy.[10] In commemoration of the building of the obelisk, the Fete de Mailly takes place every September. The day begins with a fancy dress parade through the streets followed by a re-enactment of the placing of the first stone, circus workshops, historical games, rides in a carriage, Xim Xim concert (featuring traditional dance music of central France), Catalan ballet, enactment of a pirate fight, jeu de foulard (bandana game), and so on.

The Scottish Art Nouveau architect, interior designer, textile designer and water colourist Charles Rennie Mackintosh lived and painted in Port-Vendres from 1923 until 1927, when he was forced by ill health to return to London, where he died in 1928. During his stay in Port-Vendres Mackintosh painted many watercolours of the town and the surrounding area.

During the Second World War, the town was part of a heavily fortified coastal zone established by the occupying forces of Nazi Germany. Coastal artillery batteries were built at Cap Béar just south of the town, but the Germans abandoned the area in August 1944 a few days after the Allied landings on the Côte d'Azur during Operation Dragoon.

Politics and administration

Mayors

Mayor Term start Term end
Michel Strehaiano ? 2008
Jean-Pierre Romero 2008

Twin towns

Port-Vendres is twinned with:

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1968 5,705—    
1975 5,613−0.23%
1982 5,246−0.96%
1990 5,370+0.29%
1999 5,881+1.02%
2007 4,414−3.52%
2012 4,227−0.86%
2017 4,129−0.47%
Source: INSEE[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ INSEE commune file
  4. ^ a b Busch, p. 64.
  5. ^ "Normales et records pour la période 1991-2020 à Cap Béar - Port-Vendres" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved January 7, 2022.
  6. ^ Busch, Silvia Orvietani (2001). Medieval Mediterranean ports: the Catalan and Tuscan coasts, 1100 to 1235. BRILL. p. 30. ISBN 978-90-04-12069-3.
  7. ^ a b Strabo, Geography, 4.1.3
  8. ^ <Ptolemaeus, Geography, II.
  9. ^ Busch, p. 80.
  10. ^ a b "Patrimony Discovery Tours". Port Vendres (official website). Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  11. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
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