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{{Short description|River in French Guiana and Ampa, Brazil}} |
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{{Refimprove|auto=yes|date=April 2014}} |
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{{More citations needed|auto=yes|date=April 2014}} |
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[[Image:Oyapock.JPG|thumb|250px|View of the Oyapock River from Brazil to the French Guyana.]] |
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{{Infobox river |
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The '''Oyapock''' or '''Oiapoque River''' ({{IPAc-en|'|oy|@|p|Q|k}} or {{IPAc-en|oy|@|'|p|ou|k|i:}}; {{Lang-fr|Fleuve Oyapock}} {{IPA-fr|flœv wɑjapɔk|}}; {{Lang-pt|Rio Oiapoque}} {{IPA-pt|ˈʁiu ɔjɐˈpɔki|}}) is a 370-km (230-mi)–long river in [[South America]] that forms most of the border between [[French Guiana]] and the [[Brazil]]ian [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[Amapá]].<ref name="France 24">{{cite web | url=http://www.france24.com/en/20120907-reporters-oyapock-bridge-discord-river-france-brazil-french-guiana-border-controls-misunderstanding/ | title=Oyapock: the bridge to discord? | publisher=France 24 | date=2012-09-07 | accessdate=2014-04-13}}</ref> It rises in the [[Tumuk Humak Mountains|Tumuk Humak]] ({{Lang-pt|Tumucumaque}}) mountain range and flows into the [[Atlantic Ocean]], where its [[estuary]] forms a large [[bay]] bordering on [[Cape Orange]]. |
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| name = Oyapock |
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| native_name = |
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| native_name_lang = |
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| name_other = |
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| name_etymology = |
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| nickname = <!---------------------- IMAGE--> |
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| image = Image:Oyapock.JPG |
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| image_size = |
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| image_caption = View of the Oyapock River from Brazil toward French Guiana |
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| image_alt = <!---------------------- MAPS --> |
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| map = File:Guyane Oyapock River map.svg |
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| map_size = |
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| map_caption = Guyane Oyapock River map |
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| map_alt = |
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| pushpin_map = |
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| pushpin_map_size = |
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| pushpin_map_caption = |
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| pushpin_map_alt = <!---------------------- LOCATION --> |
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| subdivision_type1 = Countries |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Brazil]] and [[French Guiana]] |
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| subdivision_type2 = |
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| subdivision_name2 = |
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| subdivision_type3 = |
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| subdivision_name3 = |
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| subdivision_type4 = |
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| subdivision_name4 = |
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| subdivision_type5 = |
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| subdivision_name5 = <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS --> |
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| length = {{cvt|403|km|abbr=on}} |
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| width_min = |
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| width_avg = |
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| width_max = |
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| depth_min = |
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| depth_avg = |
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| depth_max = |
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| discharge1_location = Near mouth |
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| discharge1_min = |
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| discharge1_avg = {{cvt|1,457|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
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| discharge1_max = <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES --> |
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| source1 = |
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| source1_location = [[Tumuk Humak Mountains]] |
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| source1_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|...}} --> |
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| source1_elevation = |
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| mouth = |
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| mouth_location = [[Atlantic Ocean]] |
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| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|04|14|08|N|51|36|53|W|display=inline,title}} |
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| mouth_elevation = |
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| progression = |
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| river_system = |
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| basin_size = {{cvt|30,869|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} |
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| basin_landmarks = |
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| basin_population = |
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| tributaries_left = |
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| tributaries_right = |
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| waterbodies = |
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| waterfalls = |
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| bridges = [[Oyapock River Bridge]] |
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| ports = |
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| custom_label = |
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| custom_data = |
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| extra = |
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}} |
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The '''Oyapock''' or '''Oiapoque''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔɪ|.|ə|p|ɒ|k|,_|ɔɪ|.|ə|ˈ|p|oʊ|k|i}}; {{Lang-fr|Fleuve Oyapock}} {{IPA|fr|flœv ojapɔk|}}; {{Lang-pt|Rio Oiapoque}} {{IPA|pt|ˈʁiu ɔjɐˈpɔki|}}) is a {{convert|403|km|adj=on}} long river in [[South America]] that forms most of the border between the [[France|French]] [[Overseas departments of France|overseas department]] of [[French Guiana]] and the [[Brazil]]ian [[States of Brazil|state]] of [[Amapá]].<ref name=sandre>{{sandre|id=6---0000|nom=oyapock, l' (fleuve); kerindioutou (riviere)}}</ref><ref name="France 24">{{cite web | url=http://www.france24.com/en/20120907-reporters-oyapock-bridge-discord-river-france-brazil-french-guiana-border-controls-misunderstanding/ | title=Oyapock: the bridge to discord? | publisher=France 24 | date=2012-09-07 | access-date=2014-04-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140414140658/http://www.france24.com/en/20120907-reporters-oyapock-bridge-discord-river-france-brazil-french-guiana-border-controls-misunderstanding/ | archive-date=2014-04-14 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==History== |
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[[Vicente Yáñez Pinzón]] was said to be the first European person to see the Oiapoque River in the first years of the 16th century.<ref name="Wilderness-explorers">{{cite web | url=http://wilderness-explorers.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/WILDERNESS-EXPLORERS-CHECKLIST-ORNAMENTAL-PLANTS.pdf | title=Ornamental Garden Plants Of Th Guianas | publisher=Wilderness-explorers | accessdate=2014-04-13}}</ref> It has been rendered Japoc, Yapoc, Iapoco, Wiapoco, and even called the Vicente Pinzón River. Early European colonists referred to the river as the ''Wiapoco'', and it was the site of early settlements by Briton [[Robert Harcourt (explorer)|Robert Harcourt]] in 1608 and Dutchman [[Jan van Ryen]] in 1627. The name Oiapoque has been officially used from 1900, when a territorial dispute between Brazil and [[France]] was resolved through [[Switzerland|Swiss]] diplomatic arbitration. |
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==Course== |
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==False northernmost point of Brazil== |
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The Oyapock runs through the [[Guianan moist forests]] ecoregion.<ref>{{citation |title=Northern South America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil, and eastern Venezuela (NT0125) |
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In Brazil, both the mouth of the Oyapock and nearby Cape Orange are often mistaken for [[Extreme points of Brazil|the country's northernmost point]]. Until the mid- to late 20th century, this information could even be found in many Brazilian schoolbooks. Brazil's true northernmost point is far inland, on [[Monte Caburaí]], in the state of [[Roraima]], hundreds of kilometres from the Oyapock and almost a full degree more to the north. The mouth of the Oyapock is the northern end of the Brazilian ''coast'', although not the northernmost ''point'' of it, which is at neighbouring Cape Orange. |
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|last1=Schipper |last2=Teunissen |last3=Lim |first1=Jan |first2=Pieter |first3=Burton |
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|url=http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0125|access-date=2017-04-03}}</ref> |
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It rises in the [[Tumuk Humak Mountains|Tumuk Humak]] ({{Lang-pt|Tumucumaque}}) mountain range and flows into the [[Atlantic Ocean]], where its [[estuary]] forms a large [[bay]] bordering on [[Cape Orange]]. |
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The mouth of the Oyapock is the northern ''end'' of [[Coastline of Brazil|Brazil's coastline]], as it is where the border between Brazil and French Guiana meets the ocean, but nearby Cape Orange, which separates the Bay of Oyapock from the Atlantic Ocean, is the northernmost ''point'' of the Brazilian coast. In Brazil, both the cape and the mouth of the Oyapock are often mistaken for the whole country's northernmost point (rather than just of its coastline), and in the past this information could even be found in geography schoolbooks.<ref name="g1">{{cite news |url=http://g1.globo.com/rr/roraima/noticia/2015/09/expedicao-ao-monte-caburai-extremo-norte-de-rr-completa-17-anos.html |title=Expedição ao Monte Caburaí, extremo Norte de RR, completa 17 anos |language=pt |trans-title=Expedition to Mount Caburaí, northernmost point of Roraima, was 17 years ago |work=G1 |date=2015-09-08 |access-date=2017-02-28 }}</ref> Yet the true [[Extreme points of Brazil|northernmost point in Brazil]] is actually far inland, on [[Monte Caburaí]], in the state of [[Roraima]], hundreds of kilometers from the Oyapock and almost a full degree more to the north.<ref name="g1" /> |
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Reflecting that common mistake, there is a popular expression in [[Brazilian Portuguese]] saying ''"do Oiapoque ao Chuí"'' ("from the Oyapock to the [[Chuí River|Chuí]] [rivers]"), referring to the country's supposed extreme northern and southern points. It has approximately the same meaning as the [[United States|American]] expression "from coast to coast" - i.e., it is used to refer to something that encompasses the whole country. |
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==History== |
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Scattered along the bank of the Oyapock are small villages, such as [[Clevelandia do Norte]]. |
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[[Vicente Yáñez Pinzón]] was said to be the first European person to see the Oiapoque River in the first years of the 16th century.<ref name="Wilderness-explorers">{{cite web | url=http://wilderness-explorers.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/WILDERNESS-EXPLORERS-CHECKLIST-ORNAMENTAL-PLANTS.pdf | title=Ornamental Garden Plants Of Th Guianas | publisher=Wilderness-explorers | access-date=2014-04-13}}</ref> It has been rendered Japoc, Yapoc, Iapoco, Wiapoco, and even called the Vicente Pinzón River. Early European colonists referred to the river as the ''Wiapoco'', and it was the site of early settlements by the Englishman [[Robert Harcourt (explorer)|Robert Harcourt]] in 1608 and the Dutchman [[Jan van Ryen]] in 1627. The name Oiapoque has been officially used from 1900, when a territorial dispute between Brazil and [[France]] was resolved through [[Switzerland|Swiss]] diplomatic arbitration. |
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==Settlements== |
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In addition to the small towns of [[Oiapoque]] (Amapá) and [[Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock]] (French Guiana), there are some small villages scattered along the bank of the Oyapock, such as [[Camopi]] and [[Clevelândia do Norte]]. |
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==Bridge== |
==Bridge== |
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The [[Oyapock River Bridge]] has been built across the river to connect the towns of [[Oiapoque]] in Brazil and [[Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock]] in French Guiana. It is the first international land border connection of French Guiana. |
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The [[Oyapock River Bridge]] has been built across the river to connect the Brazilian town of Oiapoque and the French town of Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock. It is the first international land border connection of French Guiana; although completed since 2011, as of February 2017, it had remained closed to traffic due to payment delays for construction and building crews, staffing issues within the Brazilian customs facilities, plus some minor disagreements between the Brazilian and French governments.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |last=Lissardy |first=Gerardo |url=http://www.bbc.com/portuguese/noticias/2016/01/160103_ponte_brasil_guiana_francesa_rb |title=A ponte entre Brasil e Guiana Francesa que ninguém pode cruzar |language=pt |trans-title=The bridge between Brazil and French Guiana that nobody can cross |work=[[BBC]] Brasil |date=2016-01-03 |access-date=2017-02-28 }}</ref> The inauguration ceremony of the bridge finally took place on 18 March 2017. Starting from 08:00 on 20 March 2017, the bridge has been open to members of the public.<ref name=1ere>{{cite news |author=Catherine Lama |url=http://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/guyane/pont-oyapock-inaugure-officiellement-ouvert-circulation-454519.html |title=Le pont de l'Oyapock inauguré et officiellement ouvert à la circulation |language=fr |date=18 March 2017 |newspaper=Guyane 1ère |access-date=25 March 2017 |trans-title=The Oyapock bridge inaugurated and officially open to traffic}}</ref> |
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==In popular culture== |
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The widespread [[Brazilian Portuguese]] expression ''"do Oiapoque ao Chuí"'' ("from the Oyapock to the [[Chuí Stream|Chuí]] [rivers]") is used to refer to the whole nation, by mentioning the waterways that mark respectively the northern and southern extremities of the Brazilian coastline (as noted above, they are often mistaken for the entire country's northern and southern extreme points). Thus, the saying is used in the same way as Americans use the expression "from coast to coast." |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Rings of Chariklo#2013C1R (Oiapoque)|Rings of Chariklo]], one of which is named "Oiapoque" after the river. |
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*[[Rings of Chariklo]] |
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*[[List of rivers of French Guiana]] |
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*[[List of rivers of the Americas by coastline]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{coord|4.28479|N|51.622|W|source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} |
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[[Category:Rivers of Amapá]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Amapá]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of French Guiana]] |
[[Category:Rivers of French Guiana]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Brazil–France border]] |
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[[Category:International rivers of South America]] |
[[Category:International rivers of South America]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of France]] |
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[[Category:Border rivers]] |
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{{AmapáBR-geo-stub}} |
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{{FrenchGuiana-geo-stub}} |
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Revision as of 11:19, 21 August 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2014) |
| Oyapock | |
|---|---|
 View of the Oyapock River from Brazil toward French Guiana | |
 Guyane Oyapock River map | |
| Location | |
| Countries | Brazil and French Guiana |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Tumuk Humak Mountains |
| Mouth | |
• location | Atlantic Ocean |
• coordinates | 04°14′08″N 51°36′53″W / 4.23556°N 51.61472°W |
| Length | 403 km (250 mi) |
| Basin size | 30,869 km2 (11,919 sq mi) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Near mouth |
| • average | 1,457 m3/s (51,500 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| Bridges | Oyapock River Bridge |
The Oyapock or Oiapoque (/ˈɔɪ.əpɒk, ɔɪ.əˈpoʊki/; French: Fleuve Oyapock [flœv ojapɔk]; Portuguese: Rio Oiapoque [ˈʁiu ɔjɐˈpɔki]) is a 403-kilometre (250 mi) long river in South America that forms most of the border between the French overseas department of French Guiana and the Brazilian state of Amapá.[1][2]
Course
The Oyapock runs through the Guianan moist forests ecoregion.[3] It rises in the Tumuk Humak (Portuguese: Tumucumaque) mountain range and flows into the Atlantic Ocean, where its estuary forms a large bay bordering on Cape Orange.
The mouth of the Oyapock is the northern end of Brazil's coastline, as it is where the border between Brazil and French Guiana meets the ocean, but nearby Cape Orange, which separates the Bay of Oyapock from the Atlantic Ocean, is the northernmost point of the Brazilian coast. In Brazil, both the cape and the mouth of the Oyapock are often mistaken for the whole country's northernmost point (rather than just of its coastline), and in the past this information could even be found in geography schoolbooks.[4] Yet the true northernmost point in Brazil is actually far inland, on Monte Caburaí, in the state of Roraima, hundreds of kilometers from the Oyapock and almost a full degree more to the north.[4]
History
Vicente Yáñez Pinzón was said to be the first European person to see the Oiapoque River in the first years of the 16th century.[5] It has been rendered Japoc, Yapoc, Iapoco, Wiapoco, and even called the Vicente Pinzón River. Early European colonists referred to the river as the Wiapoco, and it was the site of early settlements by the Englishman Robert Harcourt in 1608 and the Dutchman Jan van Ryen in 1627. The name Oiapoque has been officially used from 1900, when a territorial dispute between Brazil and France was resolved through Swiss diplomatic arbitration.
Settlements
In addition to the small towns of Oiapoque (Amapá) and Saint-Georges de l'Oyapock (French Guiana), there are some small villages scattered along the bank of the Oyapock, such as Camopi and Clevelândia do Norte.
Bridge
The Oyapock River Bridge has been built across the river to connect the Brazilian town of Oiapoque and the French town of Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock. It is the first international land border connection of French Guiana; although completed since 2011, as of February 2017, it had remained closed to traffic due to payment delays for construction and building crews, staffing issues within the Brazilian customs facilities, plus some minor disagreements between the Brazilian and French governments.[6] The inauguration ceremony of the bridge finally took place on 18 March 2017. Starting from 08:00 on 20 March 2017, the bridge has been open to members of the public.[7]
In popular culture
The widespread Brazilian Portuguese expression "do Oiapoque ao Chuí" ("from the Oyapock to the Chuí [rivers]") is used to refer to the whole nation, by mentioning the waterways that mark respectively the northern and southern extremities of the Brazilian coastline (as noted above, they are often mistaken for the entire country's northern and southern extreme points). Thus, the saying is used in the same way as Americans use the expression "from coast to coast."
See also
- Rings of Chariklo, one of which is named "Oiapoque" after the river.
- List of rivers of French Guiana
- List of rivers of the Americas by coastline
References
- ^ Sandre. "Fiche cours d'eau - oyapock, l' (fleuve); kerindioutou (riviere) (6---0000)".
- ^ "Oyapock: the bridge to discord?". France 24. 2012-09-07. Archived from the original on 2014-04-14. Retrieved 2014-04-13.
- ^ Schipper, Jan; Teunissen, Pieter; Lim, Burton, Northern South America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, northern Brazil, and eastern Venezuela (NT0125), retrieved 2017-04-03
- ^ a b "Expedição ao Monte Caburaí, extremo Norte de RR, completa 17 anos" [Expedition to Mount Caburaí, northernmost point of Roraima, was 17 years ago]. G1 (in Portuguese). 2015-09-08. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
- ^ "Ornamental Garden Plants Of Th Guianas" (PDF). Wilderness-explorers. Retrieved 2014-04-13.
- ^ Lissardy, Gerardo (2016-01-03). "A ponte entre Brasil e Guiana Francesa que ninguém pode cruzar" [The bridge between Brazil and French Guiana that nobody can cross]. BBC Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2017-02-28.
- ^ Catherine Lama (18 March 2017). "Le pont de l'Oyapock inauguré et officiellement ouvert à la circulation" [The Oyapock bridge inaugurated and officially open to traffic]. Guyane 1ère (in French). Retrieved 25 March 2017.
