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{{Short description|French mathematician and engineer}}
{{Short description|French mathematician and engineer (1591–1661)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{More citations needed|date=November 2009}}
[[File:Gérard Desargues.jpeg|thumb]]
| image = Gérard Desargues.jpeg
| birth_date = {{birth date |1591|02|21|df=yes}}
⚫
'''Girard Desargues''' ({{IPA-fr|dezaʁɡ|lang}}; 21 February 1591 &ndash; September 1661) was a French [[mathematician]] and engineer, who is considered one of the founders of [[projective geometry]].<ref>Swinden, B.A. "Geometry and Girard Desargues". The Mathematical Gazette. Vol. 34, No. 310 (Dec., 1950) p. 253</ref> [[Desargues' theorem]], the [[Desargues graph]], and the crater [[Desargues (crater)|Desargues]] on the [[Moon]] are named in his honour.
| birth_place = [[Lyon]], France
| death_date = September 1661 (aged 70)
| death_place = Lyon
| fields = Mathematics
| known_for = [[Desarguesian plane]], [[non-Desarguesian plane]], [[Desargues' theorem]], [[Desargues graph]], [[Desargues configuration]], [[Desargues (crater)]]
}}
⚫
'''Girard Desargues''' ({{IPA|fr|ʒiʁaʁ dezaʁɡ|lang}}; 21 February 1591{{snd}}September 1661) was a French [[mathematician]] and engineer, who is considered one of the founders of [[projective geometry]].<ref>Swinden, B.A. "Geometry and Girard Desargues". The Mathematical Gazette. Vol. 34, No. 310 (Dec., 1950) p. 253</ref> [[Desargues' theorem]], the [[Desargues graph]], and the crater [[Desargues (crater)|Desargues]] on the [[Moon]] are named in his honour.
[[File:Bosse - Pratique du trait a preuves, 1643 - 1219339.jpg|thumb|''Pratique du trait a preuves'' (1643)]]
[[File:Bosse - Pratique du trait a preuves, 1643 - 1219339.jpg|thumb|''Pratique du trait a preuves'' (1643)]]


== Biography ==
Born in [[Lyon]], Desargues came from a family devoted to service to the French crown. His father was a royal [[civil law notary|notary]], an investigating commissioner of the [[Seneschal|Seneschal's]] court in Lyon (1574), the collector of the [[tithe]]s on ecclesiastical revenues for the city of Lyon (1583) and for the [[diocese of Lyon]].
Born in [[Lyon]], Desargues came from a family devoted to service to the French crown. His father was a royal [[civil law notary|notary]], an investigating commissioner of the [[Seneschal|Seneschal's]] court in Lyon (1574), the collector of the [[tithe]]s on ecclesiastical revenues for the city of Lyon (1583) and for the [[diocese of Lyon]].


Girard Desargues worked as an [[architecture|architect]] from 1645. Prior to that, he had worked as a tutor and may have served as an engineer and technical consultant in the entourage of [[Cardinal Richelieu|Richelieu]].
Girard Desargues worked as an [[architecture|architect]] from 1645. Prior to that, he had worked as a tutor and may have served as an engineer and technical consultant in the entourage of [[Cardinal Richelieu|Richelieu]]. Yet his involvement in the Siege of La Rochelle, though alleged by Ch. Weiss in ''Biographie Universelle''<ref>{{cite book | editor1-last=Michaud| editor1-first=Louis-Gabriel| last=Weiss| first= Charles|author-link=Charles Weiss (librarian)| chapter=Desargues, Gérard | title=Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne |date=1843–1865|volume=10| pages=452}}.</ref> (1842), has never been testified.


As an architect, Desargues planned several private and public buildings in Paris and Lyon. As an engineer, he designed a system for raising water that he installed near Paris. It was based on the use of the [[epicycloid]]al wheel, the principle of which was unrecognized at the time.
As an architect, Desargues planned several private and public buildings in Paris and Lyon. As an engineer, he designed a system for raising water that he installed near Paris. It was based on the use of the [[epicycloid]]al wheel, the principle of which was unrecognized at the time.


His research on perspective and geometrical projections can be seen as a culmination of centuries of scientific inquiry across the classical epoch in optics that stretched from al-Hasan [[Ibn al-Haytham]] ([[Alhazen]]) to Johannes [[Kepler]], and going beyond a mere synthesis of these traditions with Renaissance perspective theories and practices.<ref>{{cite book | last=El-Bizri | first=Nader | author-link=Nader El-Bizri | chapter=Classical Optics and the Perspectiva Traditions Leading to the Renaissance | pages=11–30 | editor1-last=Hendrix | editor1-first=John Shannon | editor1-link=John Shannon Hendrix | editor2-last=Carman | editor2-first=Charles H. | title=Renaissance Theories of Vision (Visual Culture in Early Modernity) | date=2010 | location=Farnham, Surrey | publisher=[[Ashgate]] | isbn=978-1-409400-24-0}}; {{cite book | last=El-Bizri | first=Nader | author-link=Nader El-Bizri | chapter=Seeing Reality in Perspective: 'The Art of Optics' and the 'Science of Painting' | title=The Art of Science: From Perspective Drawing to Quantum Randomness | editor1-first=Rossella | editor1-last=Lupacchini | editor2-first=Annarita | editor2-last=Angelini | location=Doredrecht | publisher=Springer | date=2014 | pages=25–47}}; {{cite book | last=El-Bizri | first=Nader | author-link=Nader El-Bizri | chapter=Desargues’ ''oeuvres'': On perspective, optics and conics | title=Visioning Technologies: The Architectures of Sight | editor-first=Graham | editor-last=Cairns | location=London | publisher=Taylor & Francis | date=2016 | pages=36–51}}</ref>
His research on perspective and geometrical projections can be seen as a culmination of centuries of scientific inquiry across the classical epoch in optics that stretched from al-Hasan [[Ibn al-Haytham]] ([[Alhazen]]) to Johannes [[Kepler]], and going beyond a mere synthesis of these traditions with Renaissance perspective theories and practices.<ref>{{cite book | last=El-Bizri | first=Nader | author-link=Nader El-Bizri | chapter=Classical Optics and the Perspectiva Traditions Leading to the Renaissance | pages=11–30 | editor1-last=Hendrix | editor1-first=John Shannon | editor1-link=John Shannon Hendrix | editor2-last=Carman | editor2-first=Charles H. | title=Renaissance Theories of Vision (Visual Culture in Early Modernity) | date=2010 | location=Farnham, Surrey | publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]] | isbn=978-1-409400-24-0}}; {{cite book | last=El-Bizri | first=Nader | author-link=Nader El-Bizri | chapter=Seeing Reality in Perspective: 'The Art of Optics' and the 'Science of Painting' | title=The Art of Science: From Perspective Drawing to Quantum Randomness | editor1-first=Rossella | editor1-last=Lupacchini | editor2-first=Annarita | editor2-last=Angelini | location=Doredrecht | publisher=Springer | date=2014 | pages=25–47}}; {{cite book | last=El-Bizri | first=Nader | author-link=Nader El-Bizri | chapter=Desargues’ ''oeuvres'': On perspective, optics and conics | title=Visioning Technologies: The Architectures of Sight | editor-first=Graham | editor-last=Cairns | location=London | publisher=Taylor & Francis | date=2016 | pages=36–51}}</ref>


His work was rediscovered and republished in 1864. A collection of his works was published in 1951,<ref>{{cite book|last=Desargues|first=Girard|title=L'oeuvre mathématique de G. Desargues: Textes publiés et commentés avec une introd. biograph. et historique|year=1951|publisher=Presses universitaires de France|location=Paris|editor-last=Taton|editor-first=René}}</ref> and the 1864 compilation remains in print.<ref>{{cite book|last=Desargues|first=Girard|title=Oeuvres de Desargues|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1108032582|editor-last=Poudra|editor-first=Noël Germinal}}</ref> One notable work, often cited by others in mathematics, is "Rough draft for an essay on the results of taking plane sections of a cone" (1639).
His work was rediscovered and republished in 1864. A collection of his works was published in 1951,<ref>{{cite book|last=Desargues|first=Girard|title=L'oeuvre mathématique de G. Desargues: Textes publiés et commentés avec une introd. biograph. et historique|year=1951|publisher=Presses universitaires de France|location=Paris|editor-last=Taton|editor-first=René}}</ref> and the 1864 compilation remains in print.<ref>{{cite book|last=Desargues|first=Girard|title=Oeuvres de Desargues|year=2011|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1108032582|editor-last=Poudra|editor-first=Noël Germinal}}</ref> One notable work, often cited by others in mathematics, is "Rough draft for an essay on the results of taking plane sections of a cone" (1639).
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[[Category:17th-century French architects]]
[[Category:17th-century French architects]]
[[Category:French engineers]]
[[Category:French engineers]]
[[Category:Geometers]]
[[Category:French geometers]]
[[Category:Architects from Lyon]]
[[Category:Architects from Lyon]]

Latest revision as of 07:49, 21 August 2024

Girard Desargues
Born(1591-02-21)21 February 1591
Lyon, France
DiedSeptember 1661 (aged 70)
Lyon
Known forDesarguesian plane, non-Desarguesian plane, Desargues' theorem, Desargues graph, Desargues configuration, Desargues (crater)
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics

Girard Desargues (French: [ʒiʁaʁ dezaʁɡ]; 21 February 1591 – September 1661) was a French mathematician and engineer, who is considered one of the founders of projective geometry.[1] Desargues' theorem, the Desargues graph, and the crater Desargues on the Moon are named in his honour.

Pratique du trait a preuves (1643)

Biography

[edit]

Born in Lyon, Desargues came from a family devoted to service to the French crown. His father was a royal notary, an investigating commissioner of the Seneschal's court in Lyon (1574), the collector of the tithes on ecclesiastical revenues for the city of Lyon (1583) and for the diocese of Lyon.

Girard Desargues worked as an architect from 1645. Prior to that, he had worked as a tutor and may have served as an engineer and technical consultant in the entourage of Richelieu. Yet his involvement in the Siege of La Rochelle, though alleged by Ch. Weiss in Biographie Universelle[2] (1842), has never been testified.

As an architect, Desargues planned several private and public buildings in Paris and Lyon. As an engineer, he designed a system for raising water that he installed near Paris. It was based on the use of the epicycloidal wheel, the principle of which was unrecognized at the time.

His research on perspective and geometrical projections can be seen as a culmination of centuries of scientific inquiry across the classical epoch in optics that stretched from al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) to Johannes Kepler, and going beyond a mere synthesis of these traditions with Renaissance perspective theories and practices.[3]

His work was rediscovered and republished in 1864. A collection of his works was published in 1951,[4] and the 1864 compilation remains in print.[5] One notable work, often cited by others in mathematics, is "Rough draft for an essay on the results of taking plane sections of a cone" (1639).

Late in his life, Desargues published a paper with the cryptic title of DALG. The most common theory about what this stands for is Des Argues, Lyonnais, Géometre (proposed by Henri Brocard).

He died in Lyon.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Swinden, B.A. "Geometry and Girard Desargues". The Mathematical Gazette. Vol. 34, No. 310 (Dec., 1950) p. 253
  2. ^ Weiss, Charles (1843–1865). "Desargues, Gérard". In Michaud, Louis-Gabriel (ed.). Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne. Vol. 10. p. 452..
  3. ^ El-Bizri, Nader (2010). "Classical Optics and the Perspectiva Traditions Leading to the Renaissance". In Hendrix, John Shannon; Carman, Charles H. (eds.). Renaissance Theories of Vision (Visual Culture in Early Modernity). Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 11–30. ISBN 978-1-409400-24-0.; El-Bizri, Nader (2014). "Seeing Reality in Perspective: 'The Art of Optics' and the 'Science of Painting'". In Lupacchini, Rossella; Angelini, Annarita (eds.). The Art of Science: From Perspective Drawing to Quantum Randomness. Doredrecht: Springer. pp. 25–47.; El-Bizri, Nader (2016). "Desargues' oeuvres: On perspective, optics and conics". In Cairns, Graham (ed.). Visioning Technologies: The Architectures of Sight. London: Taylor & Francis. pp. 36–51.
  4. ^ Desargues, Girard (1951). Taton, René (ed.). L'oeuvre mathématique de G. Desargues: Textes publiés et commentés avec une introd. biograph. et historique. Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
  5. ^ Desargues, Girard (2011). Poudra, Noël Germinal (ed.). Oeuvres de Desargues. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1108032582.
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