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Coordinates: 46°46′N 9°12′E / 46.767°N 9.200°E / 46.767; 9.200
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{{Infobox Swiss town
{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name= Ilanz/Glion
| subject_name= Ilanz/Glion
| image_photo = Ilanz Obertor.jpg
| image_photo= Ilanz Obertor.jpg
| municipality_name= Ilanz/Glion
| municipality_type= municipality
| municipality_type= municipality
| imagepath_coa=
| imagepath_coa= CHE Ilanz-Glion COA.svg
| imagepath_flag= CHE Ilanz-Glion Flag.svg
| pixel_coa = 100px
| map= Karte Gemeinde Ilanz Glion 2014.png
| language=Romansh, German
| canton= Graubünden
| canton= Graubünden
| iso-code-region= CH-GR
| iso-code-region= CH-GR
| district= [[Surselva (district)|Surselva]]
| district= [[Surselva Region|Surselva]]
|coordinates = {{coord|46|46|N|9|12|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates= {{coord|46|46|N|9|12|E|display=inline,title}}
|lat_NS=N|long_EW=E
| postal_code= 7130
| postal_code= 7130
| municipality_code= 3619
| municipality_code= 3619
| area= 133.47
| area= 133.47
| elevation= |elevation_description=
| elevation= |elevation_description=
| population = 4573 |populationof= Dec 2011
| population= 4573 |populationof= Dec 2011
| website= www.ilanz-glion.ch
| website= www.ilanz-glion.ch
| mayor= Aurelio Casanova |mayor_asof=2016 |mayor_party=
| mayor= Aurelio Casanova |mayor_asof= 2016 |mayor_party=
| mayor_title= Gemeindepräsident/President |list_of_mayors= List of mayors of Ilanz/Glion
| mayor_title= Gemeindepräsident/President |list_of_mayors= List of mayors of Ilanz/Glion
| places= Ilanz/Glion, Strada, [[Castrisch]], [[Ladir]], [[Luven]], [[Pitasch]], [[Riein]], [[Ruschein]], [[Schnaus]], [[Sevgein]], [[Duvin]], [[Pigniu]], [[Rueun]] and [[Siat]]
| places= Ilanz/Glion, Strada, [[Castrisch]], [[Ladir]], [[Luven]], [[Pitasch]], [[Riein]], [[Ruschein]], [[Schnaus]], [[Sevgein]], [[Duvin]], [[Pigniu]], [[Rueun]], and [[Siat]]
| demonym=
| demonym=
| neighboring_municipalities=[[Schluein]], [[Sagogn]], [[Safiental]], [[Vals, Switzerland|Vals]], [[Lumnezia]], [[Obersaxen Mundaun]], [[Waltensburg/Vuorz]], [[Andiast]], [[Glarus Süd]] (GL)
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Schluein]], [[Sagogn]], [[Safiental]], [[Vals, Switzerland|Vals]], [[Lumnezia]], [[Obersaxen Mundaun]], [[Waltensburg/Vuorz]], [[Andiast]], [[Glarus Süd]] (GL)
| twintowns=
| twintowns=
|}}
|}}


'''Ilanz/Glion''' is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Surselva (district)|Surselva]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Graubünden]]. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of [[Castrisch]], [[Ilanz]], [[Ladir]], [[Luven]], [[Pitasch]], [[Riein]], [[Ruschein]], [[Schnaus]], [[Sevgein]], [[Duvin]], [[Pigniu]], [[Rueun]] and [[Siat]] merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{de icon}} accessed 13 December 2014</ref>
'''Ilanz/Glion''' ({{lang-de|Ilanz}} {{IPA|de|ˈiːlants|}}; {{lang-rm|Glion}} {{IPA-rm|ʎɔn||roh-sursilvan-Glion.ogg}}) is a [[Municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Surselva Region]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Graubünden]]. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of [[Castrisch]], [[Ilanz]], [[Ladir]], [[Luven]], [[Pitasch]], [[Riein]], [[Ruschein]], [[Schnaus]], [[Sevgein]], [[Duvin]], [[Pigniu]], [[Rueun]], and [[Siat]] merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{in lang|de}} accessed 13 December 2014</ref>


==History==
==History==
{|class=wikitable
Castrisch is first mentioned in 765 as ''Castrices''.<ref name=HDS_Castrisch>{{HDS|1434|Castrisch}}</ref> Ladir is first mentioned about 850 as ''Leitura''.<ref name=HDS_Ladir>{{HDS|1439|Ladir}}</ref> Luven is first mentioned in 765 as ''Lobene''.<ref name=HDS_Luven>{{HDS|1440|Luven}}</ref> Pitasch is first mentioned about 801-50 as ''Pictaui'' though this comes from a 16th Century copy of the lost original. In 960 it was mentioned as ''in Pictaso''.<ref name=HDS_Pitasch>{{HDS|1441|Pitasch}}</ref> Riein is first mentioned in 765 as ''Renino''. In 960 it was mentioned as ''Raine''.<ref name=HDS_Riein>{{HDS|1442|Riein}}</ref> Ruschein is first mentioned in 765 as ''Rucene''.<ref name=HDS_Ruschein>{{HDS|1443|Ruschein}}</ref> Schnaus is first mentioned about 840 as ''Scanaues''.<ref name=HDS_Schnaus>{{HDS|1446|Schnaus}}</ref> Sevgein is first mentioned about 840 as ''Soviene''.<ref name=HDS_Sevgein>{{HDS|1447|Sevgein}}</ref> Duvin is first mentioned about 840 as ''Auna''. In 1290 it was mentioned as ''Aiuns''<ref name=HDS_Duvin>{{HDS|1452|Duvin}}</ref> Rueun is first mentioned in 765 as ''Ruane''. Until 1943 Rueun was known as Ruis.<ref name=HDS_Rueun>{{HDS|1468|Rueun}}</ref> Siat is first mentioned about 840 as ''Septe''. Until 1943 Siat was known as Seth.<ref name=HDS_Siat>{{HDS|1469|Siat}}</ref>
!rowspan=2|Settlement!!colspan=2|First mention!!rowspan=2|Ref.
|-
!width=90|Date!!Name
|-
|Castrisch||765||''Castrices''||<ref name=HDS_Castrisch>{{HDS|1434|Castrisch}}</ref>
|-
|Ladir||c. 850||''Leitura''||<ref name=HDS_Ladir>{{HDS|1439|Ladir}}</ref>
|-
|Luven||765||''Lobene''||<ref name=HDS_Luven>{{HDS|1440|Luven}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|Pitasch||c. 801–850<br><small>from a 16th-century copy of the lost original</small>||''Pictaui''||
|-
|960||''in Pictaso''||<ref name=HDS_Pitasch>{{HDS|1441|Pitasch}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|Riein||765||''Renino''||
|-
|960||''Raine''||<ref name=HDS_Riein>{{HDS|1442|Riein}}</ref>
|-
|Ruschein||765||''Rucene''||<ref name=HDS_Ruschein>{{HDS|1443|Ruschein}}</ref>
|-
|Schnaus||c. 840||''Scanaues''||<ref name=HDS_Schnaus>{{HDS|1446|Schnaus}}</ref>
|-
|Sevgein||c. 840||''Soviene''||<ref name=HDS_Sevgein>{{HDS|1447|Sevgein}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|Duvin||c. 840||''Auna''||
|-
|1290||''Aiuns''||<ref name=HDS_Duvin>{{HDS|1452|Duvin}}</ref>
|-
|Rueun<br><small>Ruis until 1943</small>||765||''Ruane''||<ref name=HDS_Rueun>{{HDS|1468|Rueun}}</ref>
|-
|Siat<br><small>Seth until 1943</small>||c. 840||''Septe''||<ref name=HDS_Siat>{{HDS|1469|Siat}}</ref>
|}


===Ilanz===
===Ilanz===
Ilanz is first mentioned in 765 as ''Iliande''.<ref name=HDS_Ilanz>{{HDS|1437|Ilanz}}</ref> Ilanz became the capital of the newly formed [[Grey League]] in 1395. The Grey League was the second of [[Three Leagues]] which eventually formed canton [[Graubünden]]. [[Johannes von Ilanz]], the Abbott of [[Disentis]], was among the three nobles instrumental in creating this ""eternal alliance.""
Ilanz is first mentioned in 765 as ''Iliande''.<ref name=HDS_Ilanz>{{HDS|1437|Ilanz}}</ref> Ilanz became the capital of the newly formed [[Grey League]] in 1395. The Grey League was the second of [[Three Leagues]] which eventually formed canton [[Graubünden]]. [[Johannes von Ilanz]], the Abbott of [[Disentis]], was among the three nobles instrumental in creating this "eternal alliance."


Ilanz has a special place in the history of the [[Protestant Reformation]]. In the 1520s, the Diet of Ilanz declared that citizens of the Three Leagues should be free to choose between Catholicism and the Protestant forms of Christianity rising to the fore. The so-called “Ilanz Reformation” of 1526 resulted in another systematic shock to the Catholic Church which had been under philosophical attack since Zurich in 1523 when Protestantism first rose to primacy in a major population center. These and other events resulted in a counter-reformation within the Swiss Confederation that reversed many of the gains of the [[Reformation in Switzerland]].<ref>Durant, Will, ''The Reformation, A History of European Civilization from Wyclif to Calvin: 1300-1564'', New York: Simon & Schuster, 1957, 403-414.
Ilanz has a special place in the history of the [[Protestant Reformation]]. In the 1520s, the Diet of Ilanz declared that citizens of the Three Leagues should be free to choose between Catholicism and the Protestant forms of Christianity rising to the fore. {{citation needed span|The so-called "Ilanz Reformation" of 1526 resulted in another systemic{{clarify|date=December 2021}} shock to the Catholic Church (which had been under philosophical attack{{clarify |date=December 2021}} since [[Zurich]] in 1523, when Protestantism first rose to primacy in a major population center).|date=December 2021}} These and other events resulted in a counter-reformation within the Swiss Confederation that reversed many of the gains of the [[Reformation in Switzerland]].<ref>Durant, Will, ''The Reformation, A History of European Civilization from Wyclif to Calvin: 1300-1564'', New York: Simon & Schuster, 1957, 403-414.
</ref>
</ref>


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Pigniu was probably settled from [[Andiast]]. The name ''Pingyow'' first appears in 1403. The German name ''Panix'' is first mentioned in 1522. Until 1984 Pigniu was known as Pigniu/Panix.
Pigniu was probably settled from [[Andiast]]. The name ''Pingyow'' first appears in 1403. The German name ''Panix'' is first mentioned in 1522. Until 1984 Pigniu was known as Pigniu/Panix.


The Church of St. Valentin was dedicated in 1465 and was a popular goal of pilgrimages. Until 1667, Pigniu had its own parish.
The Church of St. Valentin was dedicated in 1465 and was a popular goal of pilgrimages. Until 1667, Pigniu had its parish.


On 7 October 1799, the Russian Army under command of Field Marshal Suvorov crossed the Pigniu pass.<ref name=HDS_Pigniu>{{HDS|1467|Pigniu}}</ref>
On 7 October 1799, the Russian Army under command of Field Marshal Suvorov crossed the Pigniu pass.<ref name=HDS_Pigniu>{{HDS|1467|Pigniu}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
The former municipalities that now make up Ilanz/Glion have a total combined area of {{Swiss area|3619|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|3619|QUELLE}}
The former municipalities that now makeup Ilanz/Glion have a total combined area of {{Swiss area|3619|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|3619|QUELLE}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
The total population of Ilanz/Glion ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}}|lc=on}}) is {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3619}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}}
The total population of Ilanz/Glion ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}}|lc=on}}) is {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3619}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}}


The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=trueSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000] {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref>
The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref>[http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=trueSwiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317185547/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=trueSwiss |date=2012-03-17 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 29 January 2011</ref>
<timeline>
<timeline>
Colors=
Colors=
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==Weather==
==Weather==
Ilanz has an average of 112.6 days of rain per year and on average receives {{convert|952|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month is August during which time Ilanz receives an average of {{convert|102|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 11.5, but with only {{convert|93|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation. The driest month of the year is October with an average of {{convert|63|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 11.4 days.<ref name=MeteoSchweiz>{{cite web| url =http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html | title =Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990 | accessdate= 8 May 2009| publisher =Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss | language = German, French, Italian}}, the weather station elevation is 705 meters above sea level.</ref>
Ilanz has an average of 112.6 days of rain per year and on average receives {{convert|952|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month is August during which time Ilanz receives an average of {{convert|102|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 11.5, but with only {{convert|93|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation. The driest month of the year is October with an average of {{convert|63|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 11.4 days.<ref name=MeteoSchweiz>{{cite web|url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |title=Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990 |accessdate=8 May 2009 |publisher=Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss |language=German, French, Italian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627163841/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |archivedate=27 June 2009 }}, the weather station elevation is 705 meters above sea level.</ref>


Pigniu has an average of 166.3 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives {{convert|1347|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month is August during which time Pigniu receives an average of {{convert|141|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 16 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 16.6, but with only {{convert|124|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is October with an average of {{convert|90|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 16 days.<ref name=MeteoSchweizPigniu>{{Cite web| url =http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html | title =Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990 | accessdate= 8 May 2009| publisher =Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss | language = German, French, Italian}}, the weather station elevation is 1325 meters above sea level.</ref>
Pigniu has an average of 166.3 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives {{convert|1347|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month is August during which time Pigniu receives an average of {{convert|141|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 16 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 16.6, but with only {{convert|124|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is October with an average of {{convert|90|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 16 days.<ref name=MeteoSchweizPigniu>{{Cite web|url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |title=Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990 |accessdate=8 May 2009 |publisher=Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss |language=German, French, Italian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627163841/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |archivedate=27 June 2009 }}, the weather station elevation is 1325 meters above sea level.</ref>


==Sights==
==Sights==
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==Heritage sites of national significance==
==Heritage sites of national significance==
The ''Church of S. Margreta'' and the ''Church of S. Martin'' in Ilanz along with the Swiss Reformed Church building in Pitasch are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage sites of national significance]].<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] 21.11.2008 version, {{de icon}} accessed 10-Nov-2009</ref>
The ''Church of S. Margreta'' and the ''Church of S. Martin'' in Ilanz along with the Swiss Reformed Church building in Pitasch are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage sites of national significance]].<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501142322/http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html |date=2009-05-01 }} 21.11.2008 version, {{in lang|de}} accessed 10-Nov-2009</ref>


The Reformed Church in Pitasch was built in the mid-12th Century into its current form. The church floorplan is a single [[nave]] church with a single half round [[apse]]. The interior [[mural]]s date to about 1420, and on the exterior south wall is a mural of St. Martin and [[Saint Christopher|St. Christopher]] from the studio of the unknown Waltensburg Master which was painted about 1340.<ref name="Flüeler">{{cite book | last = Flüeler | title = Kulturführer Schweiz | publisher = Ex Libris Verlag AG | year = 1982 | location = Zurich, CH | pages = 281}}</ref>
The Reformed Church in Pitasch was built in the mid-12th century into its current form. The church floorplan is a single [[nave]] church with a single half-round [[apse]]. The interior [[mural]]s date to about 1420, and on the exterior south wall is a mural of St. Martin and [[Saint Christopher|St. Christopher]] from the studio of the unknown Waltensburg Master which was painted about 1340.<ref name="Flüeler">{{cite book | last = Flüeler | title = Kulturführer Schweiz | publisher = Ex Libris Verlag AG | year = 1982 | location = Zurich, CH | pages = 281}}</ref>


<gallery>
<gallery>
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File:Kirche Pitasch Christoforus.jpg|St. Christopher (Christoforus) in Pitasch
File:Kirche Pitasch Christoforus.jpg|St. Christopher (Christoforus) in Pitasch
</gallery>
</gallery>

===Other sites===
The ruins of [[Grüneck Castle]] (''Ruine Grüneck''), destroyed before 1544, are visible today. A [[Carolingian]] hoard of two ornately decorated salt containers and coins was discovered near the ruins of the castle in 1811. One of the containers, which is made from [[antler]] and T-shaped, is now kept in the [[British Museum]].<ref>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/H_1847-0824-1 British Museum Collection]</ref> A hoard of forty Carolingian gold coins, including nine [[French denier|denier]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Carolingian Gold Coins from the Ilanz Hoard|work=Studies in Numismatic Method: Presented to Philip Grierson|author=Ernesto Bernareggi|others = Editor: C. N. L. Brooke|publisher=CUP Archive|date= 1983|isbn=9780521225038|pages=127–136}}</ref> known as the [[Ilanz Hoard]] was discovered near the castle in 1904. In addition to the Carolingian coins, the horde contained [[Lombards|Lombard]] and Arab coins. About 142 coins from discoveries near the castle are kept at the Rätisches Museum in [[Chur]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/ekud/afk/rm/_layouts/15/GR/RaetischesMuseum/RaetischesMuseum.html|title= Collection of the Rätisches Museum |website= www.gr.ch |publisher= |access-date= 6 October 2020|quote=}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[File:Rafting to Versam.jpg|thumb|[[Rafting]] from Ilanz to [[Versam]]]]

The municipality has three railway stations: {{rws|Castrisch}}, {{rws|Ilanz}}, and {{rws|Rueun}}. All three are located on the [[Reichenau-Tamins–Disentis/Mustér railway|Reichenau-Tamins–Disentis/Mustér line]] with regular service to {{rws|Disentis/Mustér}} and {{rws|Scuol-Tarasp}}.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}


== External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Ilanz/Glion}}
{{Commons category|Ilanz/Glion}}
*{{HDS|1434|Castrisch}}
*{{HDS|1434|Castrisch}}
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*{{HDS|1469|Siat}}
*{{HDS|1469|Siat}}


{{Municipalities of the district of Surselva}}
{{Municipalities of the Surselva Region}}

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Ilanz/Glion| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Cities in Switzerland]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden]]

Latest revision as of 20:46, 20 August 2024

Ilanz/Glion
Municipality
Flag of Ilanz/Glion
Flag
Coat of arms of Ilanz/Glion
Coat of arms
Location of Ilanz/Glion
Map
Ilanz/Glion is located in Switzerland
Ilanz/Glion
Ilanz/Glion
Ilanz/Glion is located in Canton of Graubünden
Ilanz/Glion
Ilanz/Glion
Coordinates: 46°46′N 9°12′E / 46.767°N 9.200°E / 46.767; 9.200
CountrySwitzerland
CantonGraubünden
DistrictSurselva
Government
 • MayorGemeindepräsident/President (list)
Aurelio Casanova
(as of 2016)
Area
[1]
 • Total133.48 km2 (51.54 sq mi)
Population
 (31 December 2018)[2]
 • Total4,753
 • Density36/km2 (92/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)
7130
SFOS number3619
ISO 3166 codeCH-GR
LocalitiesIlanz/Glion, Strada, Castrisch, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun, and Siat
Surrounded bySchluein, Sagogn, Safiental, Vals, Lumnezia, Obersaxen Mundaun, Waltensburg/Vuorz, Andiast, Glarus Süd (GL)
Websitewww.ilanz-glion.ch
SFSO statistics

Ilanz/Glion (German: Ilanz [ˈiːlants]; Romansh: Glion [ʎɔn] ⓘ) is a municipality in the Surselva Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2014 the former municipalities of Castrisch, Ilanz, Ladir, Luven, Pitasch, Riein, Ruschein, Schnaus, Sevgein, Duvin, Pigniu, Rueun, and Siat merged into the new municipality of Ilanz/Glion.[3]

History

[edit]
Settlement First mention Ref.
Date Name
Castrisch 765 Castrices [4]
Ladir c. 850 Leitura [5]
Luven 765 Lobene [6]
Pitasch c. 801–850
from a 16th-century copy of the lost original		 Pictaui
960 in Pictaso [7]
Riein 765 Renino
960 Raine [8]
Ruschein 765 Rucene [9]
Schnaus c. 840 Scanaues [10]
Sevgein c. 840 Soviene [11]
Duvin c. 840 Auna
1290 Aiuns [12]
Rueun
Ruis until 1943		 765 Ruane [13]
Siat
Seth until 1943		 c. 840 Septe [14]

Ilanz

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Ilanz is first mentioned in 765 as Iliande.[15] Ilanz became the capital of the newly formed Grey League in 1395. The Grey League was the second of Three Leagues which eventually formed canton Graubünden. Johannes von Ilanz, the Abbott of Disentis, was among the three nobles instrumental in creating this "eternal alliance."

Ilanz has a special place in the history of the Protestant Reformation. In the 1520s, the Diet of Ilanz declared that citizens of the Three Leagues should be free to choose between Catholicism and the Protestant forms of Christianity rising to the fore. The so-called "Ilanz Reformation" of 1526 resulted in another systemic[clarification needed] shock to the Catholic Church (which had been under philosophical attack[clarification needed] since Zurich in 1523, when Protestantism first rose to primacy in a major population center).[citation needed] These and other events resulted in a counter-reformation within the Swiss Confederation that reversed many of the gains of the Reformation in Switzerland.[16]

Pigniu

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Pigniu was probably settled from Andiast. The name Pingyow first appears in 1403. The German name Panix is first mentioned in 1522. Until 1984 Pigniu was known as Pigniu/Panix.

The Church of St. Valentin was dedicated in 1465 and was a popular goal of pilgrimages. Until 1667, Pigniu had its parish.

On 7 October 1799, the Russian Army under command of Field Marshal Suvorov crossed the Pigniu pass.[17]

Geography

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The former municipalities that now makeup Ilanz/Glion have a total combined area of 133.48 km2 (51.54 sq mi).[18]

Demographics

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The total population of Ilanz/Glion (as of December 2020) is 4,797.[19]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[20]

Weather

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Ilanz has an average of 112.6 days of rain per year and on average receives 952 mm (37.5 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is August during which time Ilanz receives an average of 102 mm (4.0 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is June, with an average of 11.5, but with only 93 mm (3.7 in) of precipitation. The driest month of the year is October with an average of 63 mm (2.5 in) of precipitation over 11.4 days.[21]

Pigniu has an average of 166.3 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1,347 mm (53.0 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is August during which time Pigniu receives an average of 141 mm (5.6 in) of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 16 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 16.6, but with only 124 mm (4.9 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is October with an average of 90 mm (3.5 in) of precipitation over 16 days.[22]

Sights

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Church of Ladir

The village Church of St. Zeno in Ladir was first mentioned in 998. The choir wall paintings are worth seeing. Additionally, the municipality has an excellent view of the surrounding mountains and valleys. The ruins of Grüneck Castle (Ruine Grüneck), destroyed before 1544, are visible today in Ilanz village.

Heritage sites of national significance

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The Church of S. Margreta and the Church of S. Martin in Ilanz along with the Swiss Reformed Church building in Pitasch are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[23]

The Reformed Church in Pitasch was built in the mid-12th century into its current form. The church floorplan is a single nave church with a single half-round apse. The interior murals date to about 1420, and on the exterior south wall is a mural of St. Martin and St. Christopher from the studio of the unknown Waltensburg Master which was painted about 1340.[24]

  • Church of S. Martin
    Church of S. Martin
  • Exterior of the Church in Pitasch
    Exterior of the Church in Pitasch
  • Interior of the church in Pitasch
    Interior of the church in Pitasch
  • St. Christopher (Christoforus) in Pitasch
    St. Christopher (Christoforus) in Pitasch

Other sites

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The ruins of Grüneck Castle (Ruine Grüneck), destroyed before 1544, are visible today. A Carolingian hoard of two ornately decorated salt containers and coins was discovered near the ruins of the castle in 1811. One of the containers, which is made from antler and T-shaped, is now kept in the British Museum.[25] A hoard of forty Carolingian gold coins, including nine denier,[26] known as the Ilanz Hoard was discovered near the castle in 1904. In addition to the Carolingian coins, the horde contained Lombard and Arab coins. About 142 coins from discoveries near the castle are kept at the Rätisches Museum in Chur.[27]

Transportation

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Rafting from Ilanz to Versam

The municipality has three railway stations: Castrisch, Ilanz, and Rueun. All three are located on the Reichenau-Tamins–Disentis/Mustér line with regular service to Disentis/Mustér and Scuol-Tarasp.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. ^ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz (in German) accessed 13 December 2014
  4. ^ Castrisch in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  5. ^ Ladir in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  6. ^ Luven in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  7. ^ Pitasch in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  8. ^ Riein in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  9. ^ Ruschein in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  10. ^ Schnaus in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  11. ^ Sevgein in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  12. ^ Duvin in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  13. ^ Rueun in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  14. ^ Siat in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  15. ^ Ilanz in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  16. ^ Durant, Will, The Reformation, A History of European Civilization from Wyclif to Calvin: 1300-1564, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1957, 403-414.
  17. ^ Pigniu in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  18. ^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  19. ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  20. ^ Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 Archived 2012-03-17 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 29 January 2011
  21. ^ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 705 meters above sea level.
  22. ^ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 1325 meters above sea level.
  23. ^ Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance Archived 2009-05-01 at the Wayback Machine 21.11.2008 version, (in German) accessed 10-Nov-2009
  24. ^ Flüeler (1982). Kulturführer Schweiz. Zurich, CH: Ex Libris Verlag AG. p. 281.
  25. ^ British Museum Collection
  26. ^ Ernesto Bernareggi (1983). Carolingian Gold Coins from the Ilanz Hoard. Editor: C. N. L. Brooke. CUP Archive. pp. 127–136. ISBN 9780521225038. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  27. ^ "Collection of the Rätisches Museum". www.gr.ch. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
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