Jump to content

European Green Party: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
History: Chernobyl and the greens
(42 intermediate revisions by 15 users not shown)
Line 4: Line 4:
{{Reorganize|date=May 2024}}{{format references|date=May 2024}}
{{Reorganize|date=May 2024}}{{format references|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox political party
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode = {{party color|European Green Party}}
| name = European Green Party
| name = European Green Party
| abbreviation = EGP
| logo = EGP-Logo 2017.svg
| logo = EGP-Logo 2017.svg
| colorcode = {{party color|European Green Party}}
| president = {{ubl|class=nowrap|
|[[Mélanie Vogel]] ([[France|FR]])
| secretary_general = Benedetta De Marte
|[[Thomas Waitz]] ([[Austria|AT]])
| president = [[Mélanie Vogel]] and [[Thomas Waitz]]
}}
| secretary_general= Benedetta De Marte ([[Italy|IT]])
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|2004|2|21}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|2004|2|21}}
| predecessor = European Federation of Green Parties
| predecessor = European Federation of Green Parties
| headquarters = Rue du Taciturne 34, 1000 [[Brussels]], Belgium
| headquarters = Rue du Taciturne 34,<br />1000 [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]]
| think_tank = [[Green European Foundation]]
| think_tank = [[Green European Foundation]]
| youth_wing = [[Federation of Young European Greens|Young European Greens]]
| ideology = [[Green politics]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html|title=European Union|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2019|access-date=30 May 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608032858/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html|archive-date=8 June 2017}}</ref><br />[[Pro-Europeanism]]
| ideology = [[Green politics]]<ref name="Nordsieck">{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html|title=European Union|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|last=Nordsieck|first=Wolfram|year=2019|access-date=30 May 2019|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608032858/http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/eu.html|archive-date=8 June 2017}}</ref><br />[[Pro-Europeanism]]
| position = {{nowrap|[[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]}}
| position = {{nowrap|[[Centre-left politics|Centre-left]] to [[Left-wing politics|left-wing]]}}
| international = [[Global Greens]]
| international = [[Global Greens]]
| europarl = [[Greens–European Free Alliance]]
| europarl = [[Greens–European Free Alliance]]
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|European Green Party}}|border=silver}} Green
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|European Green Party}}|border=darkgray}} Green
| seats1_title = [[European Parliament]]
| seats1_title = [[European Parliament]]
| seats1 = {{composition bar|{{MEPcountEuropeanParty|EGP}}|705|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}} <!-- Values derived from template; do not manually edit -->
| seats1 = {{composition bar|{{wikidata|property|P1410|P194=Q8889}}|{{wikidata|property|Q8889|P1342}}|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}} <!-- Values derived from Wikidata; do not manually edit -->
| seats2_title = [[European Council]]
| seats2_title = [[European Council]]
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|{{EUCouncilcountEuropeanParty|EGP}}|27|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}|width=80%}} <!-- Values derived from template; do not manually edit -->
| seats2 = {{Composition bar|{{wikidata|property|P1410|P208=Q8886}}|{{wikidata|property|Q8886|P1342}}|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}|width=80%}} <!-- Values derived from Wikidata; do not manually edit -->
| seats3_title = {{nobr|[[European Commission]]}}
| seats3_title = {{nobr|[[European Commission]]}}
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|{{EUCommissionercountEuropeanParty|EGP}}|27|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}|width=80%}} <!-- Values derived from template; do not manually edit -->
| seats3 = {{Composition bar|{{wikidata|property|P1410|P208=Q8880}}|{{wikidata|property|Q8880|P1342}}|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}|width=80%}} <!-- Values derived from Wikidata; do not manually edit -->
| website = {{Official URL}}
| website = {{Official URL}}
| country = European Union
| country = European Union
}}
}}
{{green politics sidebar|Organizations}}
{{green politics sidebar|Organizations}}
The '''European Green Party''' ('''EGP'''), also referred to as '''European Greens''', is the [[European political party]] that represents national parties from across Europe who share Green values.
The '''European Green Party''' ('''EGP'''), also referred to as '''European Greens''', is a transnational, [[European political party]] representing national parties from across Europe who share Green values.


The European Greens works closely with the [[Greens–European Free Alliance]] (Greens/EFA) [[Political groups of the European Parliament|parliamentary group]] in the [[European Parliament]] which is formed by elected Green party members along with the [[European Free Alliance]], [[European Pirate Party]] and [[Volt Europa]]. The European Greens' partners include its youth wing the [[Federation of Young European Greens]] (FYEG), the [[Green European Foundation]] (GEF) and the [[Global Greens]] family.
The European Greens works closely with the [[Greens–European Free Alliance]] (Greens/EFA) [[Political groups of the European Parliament|parliamentary group]] in the [[European Parliament]] which is formed by elected Green party members along with the [[European Free Alliance]], [[European Pirate Party]] and [[Volt Europa]]. The European Greens' partners include its youth wing the [[Federation of Young European Greens]] (FYEG), the [[Green European Foundation]] (GEF) and the [[Global Greens]] family.


Green parties are in government in seven countries in Europe: [[Austria]] ([[The Greens – The Green Alternative|The Greens]]), [[Belgium]] ([[Groen (political party)|Groen]] and [[Ecolo]]), [[Bulgaria]] ([[Green Movement (Bulgaria)|Green Movement]]), [[Germany]] ([[Alliance 90/The Greens]]), the [[Republic of Ireland]] ([[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]]), [[Latvia]] ([[The Progressives (Latvia)|The Progressives]]) and [[Montenegro]] ([[United Reform Action]]), [[Poland]], (Zieloni/Civic Coalition) [[Spain]] ([[Catalunya en Comú]] / [[Sumar (electoral alliance)|Sumar]]).
Green parties are in government in seven countries in Europe: [[Austria]] ([[The Greens – The Green Alternative|The Greens]]), [[Belgium]] ([[Groen (political party)|Groen]] and [[Ecolo]]), [[Bulgaria]] ([[Green Movement (Bulgaria)|Green Movement]]), [[Germany]] ([[Alliance 90/The Greens]]), the [[Republic of Ireland]] ([[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]]), [[Latvia]] ([[The Progressives (Latvia)|The Progressives]]) and [[Montenegro]] ([[United Reform Action]]), [[Poland]], ([[The Greens (Poland)|Zieloni]]/[[Civic Coalition (Poland)|Civic Coalition]]) [[Spain]] ([[Catalunya en Comú]] / [[Sumar (electoral alliance)|Sumar]]).


== Ideology and positions ==
== Ideology and positions ==
The European Greens have committed themselves to the basic tenets of [[Green politics]] as seen across Western Europe, namely [[environmental responsibility]], climate action, [[individual freedom]], [[Inclusive Democracy|inclusive democracy]], [[Multiculturalism|diversity]], [[social justice]], [[gender equality]], global [[sustainable development]] and [[Nonviolence|non-violence]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Tatiana |first=Rovinskaya |date=2015 |title=Greens in Europe: Incremental Growth |url=https://www.imemo.ru/en/publications/periodical/meimo/archive/2015/12-t-59/europe-new-realities/greens-in-europe-incremental-growth |journal=World Economy and International Relations |volume=59 |issue=12 |pages=58–71 |doi=10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-12-58-71 |issn=0131-2227}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Henley |first=Jon |last2=correspondent |first2=Jon Henley Europe |date=2019-05-28 |title=European elections: triumphant Greens demand more radical climate action |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/28/greens-eu-election-mandate-leverage-climate-policy |access-date=2024-05-29 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
The European Greens have committed themselves to the basic tenets of [[Green politics]] as seen across Western Europe, namely [[environmental responsibility]], climate action, [[individual freedom]], [[Inclusive Democracy|inclusive democracy]], [[Multiculturalism|diversity]], [[social justice]], [[gender equality]], global [[sustainable development]] and [[Nonviolence|non-violence]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Tatiana |first=Rovinskaya |date=2015 |title=Greens in Europe: Incremental Growth |url=https://www.imemo.ru/en/publications/periodical/meimo/archive/2015/12-t-59/europe-new-realities/greens-in-europe-incremental-growth |journal=World Economy and International Relations |volume=59 |issue=12 |pages=58–71 |doi=10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-12-58-71 |issn=0131-2227}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first1=Jon |last1=Henley |date=2019-05-28 |title=European elections: triumphant Greens demand more radical climate action |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/28/greens-eu-election-mandate-leverage-climate-policy |access-date=2024-05-29 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>


The European Greens was the first party to form out of various national movements to become a European entity, committed to the integration of Europe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keating |first=Joshua |date=2019-06-03 |title=An Answer to Climate Change—and the Far Right |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/06/european-parliament-elections-green-party-climate-change-far-right.html |access-date=2024-05-29 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Heyman |first=Taylor |date=2019-09-17 |title=Green wave could change the balance of power in European Parliament |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/green-wave-could-change-the-balance-of-power-in-european-parliament-1.866717 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref>
The European Greens was the first party to form out of various national movements to become a European entity, committed to the integration of Europe.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keating |first=Joshua |date=2019-06-03 |title=An Answer to Climate Change—and the Far Right |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/06/european-parliament-elections-green-party-climate-change-far-right.html |access-date=2024-05-29 |work=Slate |language=en-US |issn=1091-2339}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Heyman |first=Taylor |date=2019-09-17 |title=Green wave could change the balance of power in European Parliament |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/green-wave-could-change-the-balance-of-power-in-european-parliament-1.866717 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> The party aims to amplify the views of member parties by having common policy positions, mutual election manifestos, and cohesive European election campaigns. The European Greens also has networks which brings Green politicians together, such as the Local Councillors Network.<ref name="History of the European Green Party" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Join Local Councillors Network |url=https://localcouncillors.europeangreens.eu/ |website=Local Councillors Network}}</ref>


=== Charter ===
=== Charter ===
Line 46: Line 51:
== History ==
== History ==
{{copyedit|section|date=May 2024}}
{{copyedit|section|date=May 2024}}
Green politics in Europe emerged from several grassroots political movements, including the peace movements, the ecology movement and movements for women's rights.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Green identity in a changing Europe |publisher=[[Heinrich Böll Stiftung]] |year=2008 |editor-last=Fücks |editor-first=Ralf |location=Brussels |publication-date=October 2008}}</ref>
Green politics in Europe emerged from several grassroots political movements, including the peace movements, the ecology movement and movements for women's rights.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Green identity in a changing Europe |publisher=[[Heinrich Böll Stiftung]] |year=2008 |editor-last=Fücks |editor-first=Ralf |location=Brussels |publication-date=October 2008}}</ref> The [[Anti-nuclear movement in Germany]] first had political expression as [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Vereinigung Die Grünen]], which formed in March 1979, and establishing itself as a party for the European Parliament in January 1980.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franceschini |first=Georgio |title=Germany and nuclear weapons in the 21st century: atomic Zeitenwende? |date=2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-37639-4 |editor-last=Kühn |editor-first=Ulrich |series=Routledge global security studies |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY |page=182}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Green Parties: reflections on the first three decades |publisher=Heinrich Böll Foundation North America |year=2006 |editor-last=Zelko |editor-first=Frank |editor-last2=Brinkmann |editor-first2=Carolin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The History of Alliance 90/The Greens {{!}} Heinrich Böll Stiftung |url=https://www.boell.de/en/2016/02/18/history-of-alliance-90-the-greens |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=www.boell.de |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, activists in Britain's [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] would eventually form the [[Ecology Party]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haq |first=Gary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haOpAgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PT25&dq=%22campaign+for+nuclear+disarmament%22+%22ecology+party%22+%22caroline+lucas%22&hl=en |title=Environmentalism since 1945 |last2=Paul |first2=Alistair |date=2013-03-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-63654-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-20 |title=The big divide: is ideology holding back greens from embracing nuclear power? |url=https://theecologist.org/2011/jul/20/big-divide-ideology-holding-back-greens-embracing-nuclear-power |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=theecologist.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite book |last=Wall |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Wall |title=Weaving a Bower Against Endless Night: an illustrated history of the UK Green Party [published March 1994 to mark the 21st anniversary of the party] |publisher=Green Party |year=1994 |isbn=1-873557-08-6}}</ref> However, it also brought in ecological movements, which had become active across Western European nations in the 1970s.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ideas, actors and political practices in the environmental history of Europe {{!}} EHNE |url=https://ehne.fr/en/encyclopedia/themes/ecology-and-environment-in-europe/ideas-actors-and-political-practices/ideas-actors-and-political-practices-in-environmental-history-europe |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=ehne.fr |language=en}}</ref> Environmental groups became especially political after the [[Chernobyl disaster]] in 1986, which strengthened groups such as the [[Italian Green Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-24 |title=Nuclear Power, No Thanks! The Aftermath of Chernobyl in Italy and the Nuclear Power Referendum of 1987 |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/arcadia/nuclear-power-no-thanks-aftermath-chernobyl-italy-and-nuclear-power-referendum-1987 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> such as the environmental, peace, and women's rights movements. They forged the Greens' political priorities: climate change, peace, environment, democracy, social justice and health. Greens emerged as a new political force in the 1970s in several European countries and have been represented in the European Parliament since 1984.<ref>[https://www.greens-efa.eu/en/who-we-are/our-history History of the European Green Party] at greens-efa.eu</ref>

The [[Anti-nuclear movement in Germany]] first had political expression as [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Vereinigung Die Grünen]], which formed in March 1979, and established itself as a party for the European Parliament in January 1980.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Franceschini |first=Georgio |title=Germany and nuclear weapons in the 21st century: atomic Zeitenwende? |date=2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-37639-4 |editor-last=Kühn |editor-first=Ulrich |series=Routledge global security studies |location=Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY |page=182}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Green Parties: reflections on the first three decades |publisher=Heinrich Böll Foundation North America |year=2006 |editor-last=Zelko |editor-first=Frank |editor-last2=Brinkmann |editor-first2=Carolin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The History of Alliance 90/The Greens {{!}} Heinrich Böll Stiftung |url=https://www.boell.de/en/2016/02/18/history-of-alliance-90-the-greens |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=www.boell.de |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, activists in Britain's [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] would eventually form the [[Ecology Party]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Haq |first1=Gary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=haOpAgAAQBAJ&dq=%22campaign+for+nuclear+disarmament%22+%22ecology+party%22+%22caroline+lucas%22&pg=PT25 |title=Environmentalism since 1945 |last2=Paul |first2=Alistair |date=2013-03-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-63654-7 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-07-20 |title=The big divide: is ideology holding back greens from embracing nuclear power? |url=https://theecologist.org/2011/jul/20/big-divide-ideology-holding-back-greens-embracing-nuclear-power |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=theecologist.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite book |last=Wall |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Wall |title=Weaving a Bower Against Endless Night: an illustrated history of the UK Green Party [published March 1994 to mark the 21st anniversary of the party] |publisher=Green Party |year=1994 |isbn=1-873557-08-6}}</ref> However, it also brought in ecological movements, which had become active across Western European nations in the 1970s.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ideas, actors and political practices in the environmental history of Europe {{!}} EHNE |url=https://ehne.fr/en/encyclopedia/themes/ecology-and-environment-in-europe/ideas-actors-and-political-practices/ideas-actors-and-political-practices-in-environmental-history-europe |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=ehne.fr |language=en}}</ref> Environmental groups became especially political after the [[Chernobyl disaster]] in 1986, which strengthened groups such as the [[Italian Green Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-24 |title=Nuclear Power, No Thanks! The Aftermath of Chernobyl in Italy and the Nuclear Power Referendum of 1987 |url=https://www.environmentandsociety.org/arcadia/nuclear-power-no-thanks-aftermath-chernobyl-italy-and-nuclear-power-referendum-1987 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Environment & Society Portal |language=en}}</ref> In the Netherlands, feminists dominated [[GroenLinks]] party.<ref name=":2" /> Elements of all these national parties would go on to form the European Green Party.

Representatives from these and other parties sat in the European Parliament after the [[1984 European Parliament election]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=The Green Party in the European Parliament – Taking Stock {{!}} Heinrich Böll Stiftung |url=https://www.boell.de/en/2017/04/07/green-party-european-parliament-taking-stock |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=www.boell.de |language=en}}</ref> The following 11 members of this grouping, which was briefly known as the [[Rainbow Group (1984–1989)|Rainbow Group]], came from parties which went on to be part of the European Greens:<ref name=":4" />


* 1 [[Agalev]] MEP and 1 [[Ecolo]] MEP from Belgium
The European Green Party was founded at the 4th Congress of the European Federation of Green Parties on 20–22 February 2004 in Rome, as the evolution of this already existing federation. The foundation of the new party was finalised with the signing of the treaty constituting the party. 32 Green parties from across Europe joined this new pan-European party.<ref name="History of the European Green Party">{{Cite web|url=https://europeangreens.eu/about/|title=About|date=9 May 2023|website=European Greens}}</ref> The Greens were the first to form a [[European political party|political party at the European level]].
* 1 [[Pacifist Socialist Party|Pacifist Socialist]] MEP and 1 [[Political Party of Radicals|Radicals]] MEP from the Netherlands
* 7 [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grünen]] MEPs from German


The European Green Party itself was officially founded at the 4th Congress of the European Federation of Green Parties on 20–22 February 2004 in Rome.<ref>{{Cite web |title=European Greens Found European Greens – DW – 02/23/2004 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/european-greens-found-european-greens/a-1119463 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref> At the convention, 32 Green parties from across Europe joined this new pan-European party.<ref name="History of the European Green Party">{{Cite web|url=https://europeangreens.eu/about/|title=About|date=9 May 2023|website=European Greens}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=HENDRICK |first=Annette |url=https://www.oram.be/fileadmin/images_et_fichiers_PDF/INVENTAIRES_REALISES/INVENTAIRES_ETOPIA_PDF/20170302_EGP_english_Inventaire_VF.pdf |title=European Green Party 1981-2009 |date=August 2014 |publisher=Etopia |publication-date=2014}}</ref> As such, the European Greens became a trans-national party, and the very first European political party.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bittersweet victories: The European Greens and the elections of 2021 {{!}} Heinrich Böll Stiftung {{!}} Brussels office - European Union |url=https://eu.boell.org/en/greens-elections-2021 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=eu.boell.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" />
The European political party amplifies the political expression of member parties by having common policy positions, mutual election manifestos, and cohesive European election campaigns. The European Greens also has networks which brings Green politicians together, such as the Local Councillors Network.<ref name="History of the European Green Party"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://localcouncillors.europeangreens.eu/|title=Join Local Councillors Network|website=Local Councillors Network}}</ref>


In the [[2004 European Parliament election]], member parties won 35 Seats and the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament secured [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en/european-results/2004-2009/outgoing-parliament/ 43] in total.
In the [[2004 European Parliament election]], member parties won 35 Seats and the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament secured 43 in total.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en/european-results/2004-2009/outgoing-parliament/ | title=Home &#124; 2024 European election results &#124; European Union &#124; European Parliament }}</ref>


In the [[2009 European Parliament election]], even though the European Parliament was reduced in size, the European Greens' member parties won 46 seats, the best result of the Green Parties in 30 years. The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament secured [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en/european-results/2009-2014/constitutive-session/ 55] seats in total.
In the [[2009 European Parliament election]], even though the European Parliament was reduced in size, the European Greens' member parties won 46 seats, the best result of the Green Parties in 30 years. The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament secured 55 seats in total.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en/european-results/2009-2014/constitutive-session/ | title=Home &#124; 2024 European election results &#124; European Union &#124; European Parliament }}</ref>


In the [[2014 European Parliament election]] the Green candidates were [[José Bové]] and [[Ska Keller]]. These elections marked the first time there were primaries including [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/eu-affairs/20150526STO59409/spitzenkandidaten-the-story-of-what-made-last-year-s-ep-elections-different Spitzenkandidaten] at the European elections, which allows Europeans to not only vote for who should represent them in the European Parliament, but also help to decide who should lead the European Commission. In May they [https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2014/news/greens-present-green-new-deal-at-campaign-convention/ presented] a common programme including the [https://europeangreens.eu/content/green-new-deal Green New Deal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326131526/https://europeangreens.eu/content/green-new-deal |date=26 March 2023 }} at the launch of the European Greens' campaign which called for "a new direction of economic policy aimed at reducing our carbon footprint and improving our quality of life". The [https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2014/news/greens-present-green-new-deal-at-campaign-convention/ slogan] of the campaign was 'Change Europe, vote Green'. The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament obtained [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/election-results-2014.html 50] seats in total.
In the [[2014 European Parliament election]] the Green candidates were [[José Bové]] and [[Ska Keller]]. These elections marked the first time there were primaries including Spitzenkandidaten] at the European elections, which allows Europeans to not only vote for who should represent them in the European Parliament, but also help to decide who should lead the European Commission. In May they presented a common programme including the [[Green New Deal]] at the launch of the European Greens' campaign which called for "a new direction of economic policy aimed at reducing our carbon footprint and improving our quality of life". The slogan of the campaign was 'Change Europe, vote Green'.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2014/news/greens-present-green-new-deal-at-campaign-convention/ | title=Greens present 'Green New Deal' at campaign convention | date=24 February 2014 }}</ref> The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament obtained 50 seats in total.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/elections2014-results/en/election-results-2014.html | title=Results of the 2014 European elections - European Parliament }}</ref>


The candidates for the [[2019 European Parliament election]] were [[Ska Keller]] and [[Bas Eickhout]], who [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/26/greens-surge-as-parties-make-strongest-ever-showing-across-europe campaigned] for climate protection, a social Europe, more democracy and stronger rule of law. That year, the Greens made the [https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/26/greens-surge-as-parties-make-strongest-ever-showing-across-europe strongest] ever showing across Europe, in part due to rising [https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/news/climate-will-be-key-issue-in-eu-elections-poll-shows/ public awareness about climate change] and the impact of youth movements for climate. The [https://eu.boell.org/en/2019/07/16/green-wave-tsunami-or-just-storm-teacup strongest] surge was in Germany as [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] replaced the centre-left [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] as the second-strongest party. The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament obtained [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en 74] seats in total. The Greens' results signified a [https://www.dw.com/en/eu-election-surge-for-greens-and-euroskeptics-losses-for-centrist-blocs/a-48883806 new balance of power] as the [[European People's Party|European People's Party (EPP)]] and the [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats]] (S&D) lost their majority.
The candidates for the [[2019 European Parliament election]] were [[Ska Keller]] and [[Bas Eickhout]], who campaigned for climate protection, a social Europe, more democracy and stronger rule of law.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/26/greens-surge-as-parties-make-strongest-ever-showing-across-europe | title=Greens surge as parties make strongest ever showing across Europe | newspaper=The Guardian | date=26 May 2019 | last1=Henley | first1=Jon }}</ref> That year, the Greens made the strongest ever showing across Europe,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/26/greens-surge-as-parties-make-strongest-ever-showing-across-europe | title=Greens surge as parties make strongest ever showing across Europe | newspaper=The Guardian | date=26 May 2019 | last1=Henley | first1=Jon }}</ref> in part due to rising public awareness about climate change<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/climate-environment/news/climate-will-be-key-issue-in-eu-elections-poll-shows/ | title=Climate change will be key issue in EU elections, poll shows | date=16 April 2019 }}</ref> and the impact of youth movements for climate. The strongest surge was in Germany as [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] replaced the centre-left [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] as the second-strongest party.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://eu.boell.org/en/2019/07/16/green-wave-tsunami-or-just-storm-teacup | title=The Green Wave: A tsunami or just a storm in a teacup? &#124; Heinrich Böll Stiftung &#124; Brussels office - European Union }}</ref> The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament obtained 74 seats in total.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en | title=Home &#124; 2024 European election results &#124; European Union &#124; European Parliament }}</ref> The Greens' results signified a new balance of power<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dw.com/en/eu-election-surge-for-greens-and-euroskeptics-losses-for-centrist-blocs/a-48883806 | title=EU election: Surge for Greens, losses for centrist blocs – DW – 05/26/2019 | website=[[Deutsche Welle]] }}</ref> as the [[European People's Party]] (EPP) and the [[Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats]] (S&D) lost their majority.


By 2023, The Economist analysed that "the policies espoused by environmentalists sit squarely at the centre of today’s political agenda".<ref>''[https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/12/07/in-europe-green-policies-rule-while-green-politicians-struggle In Europe, green policies rule while green politicians struggle]'', The Economist, 7 December 2023</ref>
By 2023, The Economist analysed that "the policies espoused by environmentalists sit squarely at the centre of today’s political agenda".<ref>''[https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/12/07/in-europe-green-policies-rule-while-green-politicians-struggle In Europe, green policies rule while green politicians struggle]'', The Economist, 7 December 2023</ref>


[[Terry Reintke]] and [[Bas Eickhout]] were elected by the European Greens to be lead candidates for the 2024 European Parliament election. The campaign ran under the slogan "Choose Courage". .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-03 |title=European Greens field Terry Reintke and Bas Eickhout as top candidates (‘Spitzenkandidaten’) for EU elections |url=https://europeangreens.eu/news/european-greens-field-terry-reintke-and-bas-eickhout-as-top-candidates-spitzenkan/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=European Greens}}</ref> They were elected by more than 300 delegates at an Extended Congress in Lyon, France in February 2024. The campaign is focused on a Green and Social Deal, and the fight against the rise of the [[Far-right politics|Far Right]] in Europe.
[[Terry Reintke]] and [[Bas Eickhout]] were elected by the European Greens to be lead candidates for the 2024 European Parliament election. The campaign ran under the slogan "Choose Courage". .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-03 |title=European Greens field Terry Reintke and Bas Eickhout as top candidates ('Spitzenkandidaten') for EU elections |url=https://europeangreens.eu/news/european-greens-field-terry-reintke-and-bas-eickhout-as-top-candidates-spitzenkan/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=European Greens}}</ref> They were elected by more than 300 delegates at an Extended Congress in Lyon, France in February 2024. The campaign is focused on a Green and Social Deal, and the fight against the rise of the [[Far-right politics|Far Right]] in Europe.


At the 2024 [[Maastricht Debate]], organised by [[Politico]] and the [[University of Maastricht]], European Green top candidate [[Bas Eickhout]] asked directly to [[Ursula von der Leyen]], top candidate of the [[European People's Party]], what her position was towards the far right in Europe, [[European Conservatives and Reformists]] (ECR) and [[Identity and Democracy]]. Von der Leyen told the audience that a collaboration with the ECR “depends very much on how the composition of the Parliament is, and who is in what group.” <ref>{{cite news |last1=Wax |first1=Eddy |title=Von der Leyen opens the door to Europe’s hard right |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/von-der-leyen-hard-right-maastricht-debate-giorgia-meloni-viktor-orban-schmit/ |access-date=26 May 2024 |publisher=Politico |date=30 April 2024}}</ref>
At the 2024 [[Maastricht Debate]], organised by [[Politico]] and the [[University of Maastricht]], European Green top candidate [[Bas Eickhout]] asked directly to [[Ursula von der Leyen]], top candidate of the [[European People's Party]], what her position was towards the far right in Europe, [[European Conservatives and Reformists]] (ECR) and [[Identity and Democracy]]. Von der Leyen told the audience that a collaboration with the ECR “depends very much on how the composition of the Parliament is, and who is in what group.” <ref>{{cite news |last1=Wax |first1=Eddy |title=Von der Leyen opens the door to Europe's hard right |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/von-der-leyen-hard-right-maastricht-debate-giorgia-meloni-viktor-orban-schmit/ |access-date=26 May 2024 |publisher=Politico |date=30 April 2024}}</ref>


Numerous analyses in European quality media consider this as a win for the Greens <ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathiesen |first1=Karl |title=Greens lionized by Europe’s young voters at EU presidential debate |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/maastricht-debate-ursula-von-der-leyen-greens-remember-what-it-was-like-to-be-popular/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |publisher=POLITICO |date=29 April 2024}}</ref> the turning point of the 2024 election campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Infobae |first1=Newsroom |title=Scholz defiende que la Comisión Europea no debería contar con apoyo de la extrema derecha el próximo mandato |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2024/05/25/scholz-defiende-que-la-comision-europea-no-deberia-contar-con-apoyo-de-la-extrema-derecha-el-proximo-mandato/ |access-date=25 May 2024 |publisher=Infobae |date=24 May 2024}}</ref> The European Greens criticised heavily that von der Leyen, as incumbent president of the European Commission and lead candidate for the EPP, opened the door to collaboration with the far-right.
Numerous analyses in European quality media consider this as a win for the Greens <ref>{{cite news |last1=Mathiesen |first1=Karl |title=Greens lionized by Europe's young voters at EU presidential debate |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/maastricht-debate-ursula-von-der-leyen-greens-remember-what-it-was-like-to-be-popular/ |access-date=22 May 2024 |publisher=POLITICO |date=29 April 2024}}</ref> the turning point of the 2024 election campaign.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Infobae |title=Scholz defiende que la Comisión Europea no debería contar con apoyo de la extrema derecha el próximo mandato |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2024/05/25/scholz-defiende-que-la-comision-europea-no-deberia-contar-con-apoyo-de-la-extrema-derecha-el-proximo-mandato/ |access-date=25 May 2024 |publisher=Infobae |date=24 May 2024}}</ref> The European Greens criticised heavily that von der Leyen, as incumbent president of the European Commission and lead candidate for the EPP, opened the door to collaboration with the far-right.


== Organisational structure ==
== Organisational structure ==
Line 201: Line 212:
! colspan=2 |Country
! colspan=2 |Country
! Name
! Name
! MEPs{{efn|The number of MEPs listed below may not match the total number of MEPs of the European party, as it does not include MEPs who join as individual members.}}
! MEPs
! National MPs
! National MPs
! Government status
! Government status
Line 213: Line 224:
| {{flag|French Community|name=French}}<br>{{flag|German-speaking Community|name=German}} || [[Ecolo]] || {{Composition bar|2|9|hex={{party color|Ecolo}}}} {{efn|All seats for the [[French-speaking electoral college|French]] and [[German-speaking electoral college]]s.}}|| {{Composition bar|13|63|hex={{party color|Ecolo}}}} {{efn|All seats for French and German-speaking Communities in the Belgian [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]], including seats for bilingual [[Brussels]].}} || {{yes|Government}}
| {{flag|French Community|name=French}}<br>{{flag|German-speaking Community|name=German}} || [[Ecolo]] || {{Composition bar|2|9|hex={{party color|Ecolo}}}} {{efn|All seats for the [[French-speaking electoral college|French]] and [[German-speaking electoral college]]s.}}|| {{Composition bar|13|63|hex={{party color|Ecolo}}}} {{efn|All seats for French and German-speaking Communities in the Belgian [[Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)|Chamber of Representatives]], including seats for bilingual [[Brussels]].}} || {{yes|Government}}
|-
|-
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Bulgaria}} || [[Green Movement (Bulgaria)|Green Movement]]|| {{Composition bar|0|17|hex={{party color|Green Movement (Bulgaria)}}}}|| {{Composition bar|4|240|hex={{party color|Green Movement (Bulgaria)}}}}|| {{yes|Government}}
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Bulgaria}} || [[Green Movement (Bulgaria)|Green Movement]]|| {{Composition bar|0|17|hex={{party color|Green Movement (Bulgaria)}}}}|| {{Composition bar|0|240|hex={{party color|Green Movement (Bulgaria)}}}}|| {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
|-
|-
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Croatia}} || [[We Can! (Croatia)|We Can!]] || {{Composition bar|0|12|hex={{party color|We can! (Croatia)}}}} || {{Composition bar|10|151|hex={{party color|We can! (Croatia)}}}} || {{no2|Opposition}}
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Croatia}} || [[We Can! (Croatia)|We Can!]] || {{Composition bar|1|12|hex={{party color|We can! (Croatia)}}}}|| {{Composition bar|10|151|hex={{party color|We can! (Croatia)}}}} || {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|-
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Cyprus}} || [[Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation]] || {{Composition bar|0|6|hex={{party color|Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation}}}} || {{Composition bar|2|56|hex={{party color|Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation}}}} || {{yes|Government}}
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Cyprus}} || [[Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation]] || {{Composition bar|0|6|hex={{party color|Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation}}}} || {{Composition bar|2|56|hex={{party color|Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation}}}} || {{no|Opposition}}
|-
|-
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Czech Republic}} || [[Green Party (Czech Republic)|Green Party]] || {{Composition bar|0|22|hex={{party color|Green Party (Czech Republic)}}}} || {{Composition bar|0|200|hex={{party color|Green Party (Czech Republic)}}}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Czech Republic}} || [[Green Party (Czech Republic)|Green Party]] || {{Composition bar|0|22|hex={{party color|Green Party (Czech Republic)}}}} || {{Composition bar|0|200|hex={{party color|Green Party (Czech Republic)}}}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
Line 239: Line 250:
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Ireland}} || [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]]{{efn|The Irish Green Party operates also in [[Northern Ireland]] as the "[[Green Party in Northern Ireland]]". The Northern Irish party is separately listed in this table although it does not have separate membership in the EGP.}} || {{Composition bar|2|13|{{party color|Green Alliance}}}} || {{Composition bar|12|160|hex={{party color|Green Alliance}}}} || {{yes|Government}}
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Ireland}} || [[Green Party (Ireland)|Green Party]]{{efn|The Irish Green Party operates also in [[Northern Ireland]] as the "[[Green Party in Northern Ireland]]". The Northern Irish party is separately listed in this table although it does not have separate membership in the EGP.}} || {{Composition bar|2|13|{{party color|Green Alliance}}}} || {{Composition bar|12|160|hex={{party color|Green Alliance}}}} || {{yes|Government}}
|-
|-
| scope=rowgroup colspan=2|{{Flag|Italy}} || [[Green Europe]] || {{Composition bar|0|76|hex={{party color|Green Europe}}}} || {{Composition bar|6|400|hex={{party color|Green Europe}}}} || {{no2|Opposition}}
| scope=rowgroup colspan=2|{{Flag|Italy}} || [[Green Europe]] || {{Composition bar|4|76|hex={{party color|Green Europe}}}}|| {{Composition bar|6|400|hex={{party color|Green Europe}}}} || {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|-
| style="border-top:hidden"| || {{flag|South Tyrol}} || [[Greens (South Tyrol)|Greens]] || {{Composition bar|0|76|hex={{party color|Greens (South Tyrol)}}}} || {{Composition bar|0|400|hex={{party color|Greens (South Tyrol)}}}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
| style="border-top:hidden"| || {{flag|South Tyrol}} || [[Greens (South Tyrol)|Greens]] || {{Composition bar|0|76|hex={{party color|Greens (South Tyrol)}}}} || {{Composition bar|0|400|hex={{party color|Greens (South Tyrol)}}}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
Line 273: Line 284:
| scope=rowgroup colspan=2|{{Flag|Spain}} || [[Greens Equo]] || {{Composition bar|0|54|hex={{party color|Greens Equo}}}} || {{Composition bar|0|350|hex={{party color|Greens Equo}}}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
| scope=rowgroup colspan=2|{{Flag|Spain}} || [[Greens Equo]] || {{Composition bar|0|54|hex={{party color|Greens Equo}}}} || {{Composition bar|0|350|hex={{party color|Greens Equo}}}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
|-
|-
| style="border-top:hidden"| || {{Flag|Catalonia}} || [[Green Left (Catalonia)|Green Left]]|| rowspan=1|{{Composition bar|1|54|{{party color|Green Left (Catalonia)}}}}{{efn|name=Urtasun|[[Ernest Urtasun]] is member of both ''[[Catalunya en Comú]]'' and ''[[Green Left (Catalonia)|Green Left]]''.}} || {{Composition bar|2|48|{{party color|Green Left (Catalonia)}}}}{{efn|name=cat|Catalan seats in the [[Congress of Deputies]]; two [[Catalunya en Comú]] diputies are also members of [[Green Left (Catalonia)|Green Left]].}} || {{yes|Government}}
| style="border-top:hidden"| || {{Flag|Catalonia}} || [[Green Left (Catalonia)|Green Left]]|| rowspan=1|{{Composition bar|1|54|{{party color|Green Left (Catalonia)}}}}{{efn|name=Urtasun|[[Ernest Urtasun]] is member of both ''[[Catalunya en Comú]]'' and ''[[Green Left (Catalonia)|Green Left]]''.}} || {{Composition bar|2|48|{{party color|Green Left (Catalonia)}}}}{{efn|name=cat|Catalan seats in the [[Congress of Deputies]]; two [[Catalunya en Comú]] deputies are also members of [[Green Left (Catalonia)|Green Left]].}} || {{yes|Government}}
|-
|-
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Sweden}} || [[Green Party (Sweden)|Green Party]] || {{Composition bar|3|20|hex={{party color|Green Party (Sweden)}}}}|| {{Composition bar|18|349|hex={{party color|Green Party (Sweden)}}}} || {{no2|Opposition}}
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Sweden}} || [[Green Party (Sweden)|Green Party]] || {{Composition bar|3|20|hex={{party color|Green Party (Sweden)}}}}|| {{Composition bar|18|349|hex={{party color|Green Party (Sweden)}}}} || {{no2|Opposition}}
Line 281: Line 292:
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Ukraine}} || [[Party of Greens of Ukraine]] || ''Not in EU'' || {{Composition bar|0|450|hex={{party color|Party of Greens of Ukraine}}}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
| colspan=2|{{Flag|Ukraine}} || [[Party of Greens of Ukraine]] || ''Not in EU'' || {{Composition bar|0|450|hex={{party color|Party of Greens of Ukraine}}}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
|-
|-
| rowspan=3|{{Flag|United Kingdom}} || {{Flag|England}}<br>{{Flag|Wales}} || [[Green Party of England and Wales]] || rowspan=3|''Not in EU''|| {{Composition bar|1|573|hex={{party color|Green Party of England and Wales}}}} {{efn|English and Welsh seats in the [[House of Commons (United Kingdom)|House of Commons]].}} || {{no2|Opposition}}
| rowspan=3|{{Flag|United Kingdom}} || {{Flag|England}}<br>{{Flag|Wales}} || [[Green Party of England and Wales]] || rowspan=3|''Not in EU''|| {{Composition bar|4|573|hex={{party color|Green Party of England and Wales}}}} {{efn|English and Welsh seats in the [[House of Commons (United Kingdom)|House of Commons]].}} || {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|-
| {{Flag|Scotland}} || [[Scottish Greens]] || {{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Scottish Greens}}}} {{efn|Scottish seats in the [[House of Commons (United Kingdom)|House of Commons]] (the party has 7 seats in the devolved [[Scottish Parliament]]).}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
| {{Flag|Scotland}} || [[Scottish Greens]] || {{Composition bar|0|59|hex={{party color|Scottish Greens}}}} {{efn|Scottish seats in the [[House of Commons (United Kingdom)|House of Commons]] (the party has 7 seats in the devolved [[Scottish Parliament]]).}} || {{no|Extra-parliamentary}}
Line 497: Line 508:
|2,658,548
|2,658,548
| 6.3%<ref name="ReferenceA"/>|| {{no2|Opposition}}
| 6.3%<ref name="ReferenceA"/>|| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
| colspan="2" |{{Flag|Croatia}} || [[We Can! (Croatia)|<small>We Can!</small>]]
|44,670
|764,089
| 5.9%
|193,051
|2,180,411
| 9.1%|| {{no2|Opposition}}
|-
|-
| colspan="2" |{{Flag|Cyprus}} || [[Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation|<small>Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation</small>]]
| colspan="2" |{{Flag|Cyprus}} || [[Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation|<small>Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation</small>]]
Line 685: Line 704:
|-
|-
| colspan="3" |European Greens
| colspan="3" |European Greens
|15,016,430
|15,061,100
|176,860,279
|177,624,368
|8.49%
|8.48%
|12,047,080
|12,240,131
|212,120,443
|214,300,854
|5.67%
|5.71%
|
|
|}
|}
Line 698: Line 717:
!Organisation !! Institution !! Number of seats
!Organisation !! Institution !! Number of seats
|-
|-
| rowspan=4| {{EU}} || [[European Commission]] || {{Composition bar|{{EUCommissionercountEuropeanParty|EGP}}|28|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}} <!-- Values derived from template; do not manually edit -->
| rowspan=5| {{EU}} || [[European Parliament]] || {{Composition bar|{{wikidata|property|P1410|P194=Q8889}}|{{wikidata|property|Q8889|P1342}}|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}} <!-- Values derived from Wikidata; do not manually edit -->
|-
| [[European Commission]] || {{Composition bar|{{wikidata|property|P1410|P208=Q8880}}|{{wikidata|property|Q8880|P1342}}|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}} <!-- Values derived from Wikidata; do not manually edit -->
|-
|-
| [[European Council]]<br /><small>(Heads of Government)</small> || {{Composition bar|{{EUCouncilcountEuropeanParty|EGP}}|28|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}}<!-- Values derived from template; do not manually edit -->
| [[European Council]]<br /><small>(Heads of Government)</small> || {{Composition bar|{{wikidata|property|P1410|P208=Q8886}}|{{wikidata|property|Q8886|P1342}}|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}}<!-- Values derived from Wikidata; do not manually edit -->
|-
|-
| [[Council of the European Union]]<br /><small>(Participation in Government)</small> || {{Composition bar|8|27|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}}<!-- France, Finland, Denmark, -->
| [[Council of the European Union]]<br /><small>(Participation in Government)</small> || {{Composition bar|8|{{SeatCountInstitutionsInEurope|COEU}}|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}}<!-- France, Finland, Denmark, -->
|-
|-
| [[Committee of the Regions]] ||
| [[European Parliament]] || {{Composition bar|{{MEPcountEuropeanParty|EGP}}|705|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}} <!-- Values derived from template; do not manually edit -->
|-
|-
| {{flag|Council of Europe}} || [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe|Parliamentary Assembly]] || {{Composition bar|3|318|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}}
| {{flag|Council of Europe}} || [[Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe|Parliamentary Assembly]] || {{Composition bar|3|{{SeatCountInstitutionsInEurope|PACE}}|hex={{party color|European Green Party}}}}
|}
|}


Line 738: Line 759:
{{Commons category|European Green Party}}
{{Commons category|European Green Party}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://archives.eui.eu/en/fonds/152960?item=GRAEL A little group of papers] of the European Green Party, is held by the [https://www.eui.eu/en/academic-units/historical-archives-of-the-european-union Historical Archives of the European Union.]
=== Statutes ===
The European Green Party [https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/EGP%20Statutes%20-%20%20updated%20annex%20B%20-%2035th%20EGP%20Council.pdf statutes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019093722/https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/EGP%20Statutes%20-%20%20updated%20annex%20B%20-%2035th%20EGP%20Council.pdf |date=19 October 2023 }} define the party in legal terms.
=== Manifestos in European election campaigns ===
;2024 : [https://europeangreens.eu/courage-to-change-our-message-to-voters/ Choose Courage], February 2024
;2019 : [https://europeangreens.eu/priorities-2019-what-european-greens-fight Time to renew the promise of Europe.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230824115733/https://europeangreens.eu/priorities-2019-what-european-greens-fight |date=24 August 2023 }}  
;2014 : [https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/2014_Manifesto.pdf Change Europe, Vote Green.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030210043/https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/2014_Manifesto.pdf |date=30 October 2023 }}  
;2009 : [https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/2009_Manifesto.pdf A Green New Deal for Europe.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523065259/https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/2009_Manifesto.pdf |date=23 May 2023 }}
;2004 : [https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/2004_Manifesto.pdf Europe Can Do Better. You Decide!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220060858/https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/2004_Manifesto.pdf |date=20 December 2022 }}
;1999 : [https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/1999_Manifesto.pdf A Common Green Manifesto for the 1999 European Elections.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220060827/https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/1999_Manifesto.pdf |date=20 December 2022 }}
;1994 : [https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/Election%20Platform%201994.pdf Election Platform – Green Parties of the EU.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220061624/https://europeangreens.eu/sites/europeangreens.eu/files/Election%20Platform%201994.pdf |date=20 December 2022 }}


{{European political parties}}
{{EU politics}}
{{Political organisations at European Union level}}
{{Green parties}}
{{Green parties}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
Line 760: Line 771:
[[Category:Green parties in Europe|*]]
[[Category:Green parties in Europe|*]]
[[Category:Pan-European political parties]]
[[Category:Pan-European political parties]]
[[Category:European political parties]]
[[Category:The Greens–European Free Alliance]]
[[Category:The Greens–European Free Alliance]]
[[Category:Criticisms of bullfighting]]
[[Category:Criticisms of bullfighting]]

Revision as of 18:24, 20 August 2024

European Green Party
AbbreviationEGP
President
Secretary-GeneralBenedetta De Marte (IT)
Founded21 February 2004; 20 years ago (2004-02-21)
Preceded byEuropean Federation of Green Parties
HeadquartersRue du Taciturne 34,
1000 Brussels, Belgium
Think tankGreen European Foundation
Youth wingYoung European Greens
IdeologyGreen politics[1]
Pro-Europeanism
Political positionCentre-left to left-wing
European Parliament groupGreens–European Free Alliance
International affiliationGlobal Greens
Colours  Green
European Parliament
39 / 720
European Council
0 / 27
European Commission
1 / 27
Website
europeangreens.eu Edit this at Wikidata

The European Green Party (EGP), also referred to as European Greens, is a transnational, European political party representing national parties from across Europe who share Green values.

The European Greens works closely with the Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) parliamentary group in the European Parliament which is formed by elected Green party members along with the European Free Alliance, European Pirate Party and Volt Europa. The European Greens' partners include its youth wing the Federation of Young European Greens (FYEG), the Green European Foundation (GEF) and the Global Greens family.

Green parties are in government in seven countries in Europe: Austria (The Greens), Belgium (Groen and Ecolo), Bulgaria (Green Movement), Germany (Alliance 90/The Greens), the Republic of Ireland (Green Party), Latvia (The Progressives) and Montenegro (United Reform Action), Poland, (Zieloni/Civic Coalition) Spain (Catalunya en Comú / Sumar).

Ideology and positions

The European Greens have committed themselves to the basic tenets of Green politics as seen across Western Europe, namely environmental responsibility, climate action, individual freedom, inclusive democracy, diversity, social justice, gender equality, global sustainable development and non-violence.[2][3]

The European Greens was the first party to form out of various national movements to become a European entity, committed to the integration of Europe.[4][5] The party aims to amplify the views of member parties by having common policy positions, mutual election manifestos, and cohesive European election campaigns. The European Greens also has networks which brings Green politicians together, such as the Local Councillors Network.[6][7]

Charter

According to its charter,[8] the European Greens is working towards a just and sustainable transition towards societies "respectful of human rights and built upon the values of environmental responsibility, freedom, justice, diversity and non-violence". The charter’s guiding principles provide a framework for the political actions taken by member parties.  

The priorities outlined in the charter include protecting human health and wellbeing, maintaining biological diversity, combatting global warming, transitioning to a just and sustainable economy, strengthening inclusive democracies, safeguarding diversity, and ensuring social justice.

History

Green politics in Europe emerged from several grassroots political movements, including the peace movements, the ecology movement and movements for women's rights.[9]

The Anti-nuclear movement in Germany first had political expression as Vereinigung Die Grünen, which formed in March 1979, and established itself as a party for the European Parliament in January 1980.[10][11][12] Similarly, activists in Britain's Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament would eventually form the Ecology Party.[13][14][15] However, it also brought in ecological movements, which had become active across Western European nations in the 1970s.[2][16] Environmental groups became especially political after the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, which strengthened groups such as the Italian Green Party.[17] In the Netherlands, feminists dominated GroenLinks party.[9] Elements of all these national parties would go on to form the European Green Party.

Representatives from these and other parties sat in the European Parliament after the 1984 European Parliament election.[18] The following 11 members of this grouping, which was briefly known as the Rainbow Group, came from parties which went on to be part of the European Greens:[18]

The European Green Party itself was officially founded at the 4th Congress of the European Federation of Green Parties on 20–22 February 2004 in Rome.[19] At the convention, 32 Green parties from across Europe joined this new pan-European party.[6][20] As such, the European Greens became a trans-national party, and the very first European political party.[21][20]

In the 2004 European Parliament election, member parties won 35 Seats and the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament secured 43 in total.[22]

In the 2009 European Parliament election, even though the European Parliament was reduced in size, the European Greens' member parties won 46 seats, the best result of the Green Parties in 30 years. The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament secured 55 seats in total.[23]

In the 2014 European Parliament election the Green candidates were José Bové and Ska Keller. These elections marked the first time there were primaries including Spitzenkandidaten] at the European elections, which allows Europeans to not only vote for who should represent them in the European Parliament, but also help to decide who should lead the European Commission. In May they presented a common programme including the Green New Deal at the launch of the European Greens' campaign which called for "a new direction of economic policy aimed at reducing our carbon footprint and improving our quality of life". The slogan of the campaign was 'Change Europe, vote Green'.[24] The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament obtained 50 seats in total.[25]

The candidates for the 2019 European Parliament election were Ska Keller and Bas Eickhout, who campaigned for climate protection, a social Europe, more democracy and stronger rule of law.[26] That year, the Greens made the strongest ever showing across Europe,[27] in part due to rising public awareness about climate change[28] and the impact of youth movements for climate. The strongest surge was in Germany as Alliance 90/The Greens replaced the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Germany as the second-strongest party.[29] The Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament obtained 74 seats in total.[30] The Greens' results signified a new balance of power[31] as the European People's Party (EPP) and the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) lost their majority.

By 2023, The Economist analysed that "the policies espoused by environmentalists sit squarely at the centre of today’s political agenda".[32]

Terry Reintke and Bas Eickhout were elected by the European Greens to be lead candidates for the 2024 European Parliament election. The campaign ran under the slogan "Choose Courage". .[33] They were elected by more than 300 delegates at an Extended Congress in Lyon, France in February 2024. The campaign is focused on a Green and Social Deal, and the fight against the rise of the Far Right in Europe.

At the 2024 Maastricht Debate, organised by Politico and the University of Maastricht, European Green top candidate Bas Eickhout asked directly to Ursula von der Leyen, top candidate of the European People's Party, what her position was towards the far right in Europe, European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) and Identity and Democracy. Von der Leyen told the audience that a collaboration with the ECR “depends very much on how the composition of the Parliament is, and who is in what group.” [34]

Numerous analyses in European quality media consider this as a win for the Greens [35] the turning point of the 2024 election campaign.[36] The European Greens criticised heavily that von der Leyen, as incumbent president of the European Commission and lead candidate for the EPP, opened the door to collaboration with the far-right.

Organisational structure

Ulrike Lunacek, ex vice-president of the European Parliament and Michaele Schreyer, the only Green European Commission member so far

The European Green Party is a European political party, constituted out of political parties from European countries. Parties can also become associate members. Members of the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament not belonging to a member party can be admitted as a special member with speaking rights but no vote.

Alice Bah Kuhnke, Deputy chairwoman of the Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA) group in the European Parliament.

The governing bodies of the EGP are the Council and the Committee.[37]

  • The Council takes place twice a year and is the main decision-making body of the European Greens and consists of delegates of member parties. During Councils, delegates from European Greens parties set a common political direction, linked to the development of the European project and its values. They do so by debating and vote on resolutions on key issues in Europe. Delegates are allotted based on their most recent European or national election results. Each party has at least two delegates. consists of delegates of member parties. These are allotted on the basis of their most recent European or national election results. Each party has at least two delegates.[38]
  • The Committee consists of nine members, including two Co-Chairs (one man and one woman), a Secretary General and a Treasurer. They are responsible for daily political affairs, execution of the Council's decisions and the activities of the EGP office and staff. Co-Chairs Thomas Waitz and Mélanie Vogel, Secretary General Benedetta De Marte, Treasurer Ute Michel, and Committee Members Vula Tsetsi, Sibylle Steffan, Małgorzata Tracz, Rasmus Nordqvist and Mina Jack Tolu were elected at the 35th European Green Party in Riga, Latvia. The EGP has had several Co-Chairs.

Co-chairs of the European Greens

Mandate Co-chairs Member party Years Secretary General Council election
May 2022 – France Mélanie Vogel EELV 05/2022 – present Italy Benedetta De Marte Riga,  Latvia, November 2022
Austria Thomas Waitz Die Grünen 05/2022 – present
Nov 2019 – May 2022 Belgium Evelyne Huytebroeck Ecolo 11/2019 – 05/2022 Spain Mar Garcia Tampere,  Finland, November 2019
Austria Thomas Waitz Die Grünen 11/2019 – 05/2022
Nov 2015 – Nov 2019 Italy Monica Frassoni Federazione dei Verdi 11/2015 – 11/2019 Spain Mar Garcia Lyon,  France, November 2015
Germany Reinhard Bütikofer Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen 11/2015 – 11/2019
Nov 2012 – Nov 2015 Italy Monica Frassoni Federazione dei Verdi 11/2012 – 11/2015 Netherlands Jacqueline Cremers (until end 2014)

Spain Mar Garcia (from January 2015)

Athens,  Greece, November 2012
Germany Reinhard Bütikofer Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen 11/2012 – 11/2015
Oct 2009 – Nov 2012 Italy Monica Frassoni Federazione dei Verdi 10/2009 – 11/2012 Netherlands Jacqueline Cremers Malmö,  Sweden, October 2009
Belgium Philippe Lamberts Ecolo 10/2009 – 11/2012
May 2006 – Oct 2009 Austria Ulrike Lunacek Die Grünen 05/2006 – 10/2009 Germany Juan Behrend Helsinki,  Finland, May 2006
Belgium Philippe Lamberts Ecolo 05/2006 – 10/2009
May 2003 – May 2006 Italy Grazia Francescato Federazione dei Verdi 05/2003 – 05/2006 Malta Arnold Cassola Saint Andrews,  Malta, May 2003
Finland Pekka Haavisto Vihreä Liitto 05/2003 – 05/2006
  • The Congress is an enlarged meeting of the Council which is convened by the Council at least once every 5 years and hosts more delegates.

Networks

The EGP hosts a collection of networks that have specific special interest focus, including:[39]

  • Balkan Network
  • Mediterranean Network
  • Gender Network
  • European Queer Greens
  • Local Councillors Networks
  • European Green Disability Network
  • European Network of Green Seniors

Partnerships

Membership

  States with member parties
  States with associate parties
  States with candidate parties

Full members

Country Name MEPs[a] National MPs Government status
 Albania Green Party of Albania Not in EU
0 / 140
Extra-parliamentary
 Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative
3 / 18
26 / 183
Government
 Belgium  Flemish Groen
1 / 12
[b]
8 / 102
[c]
Government
 French
 German
Ecolo
2 / 9
[d]
13 / 63
[e]
Government
 Bulgaria Green Movement
0 / 17
0 / 240
Extra-parliamentary
 Croatia We Can!
1 / 12
10 / 151
Opposition
 Cyprus Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation
0 / 6
2 / 56
Opposition
 Czech Republic Green Party
0 / 22
0 / 200
Extra-parliamentary
 Denmark Green Left
2 / 13
15 / 179
Opposition
 Estonia Estonian Greens
0 / 7
0 / 101
Extra-parliamentary
 Finland Green League
3 / 14
13 / 200
Opposition
 France Europe Ecology – The Greens
11 / 74
16 / 577
Opposition
 Georgia Greens Party of Georgia Not in EU
0 / 150
Extra-parliamentary
 Germany Alliance 90/The Greens
21 / 96
118 / 736
Government
 Greece Ecologist Greens
0 / 21
0 / 300
Extra-parliamentary
 Hungary LMP – Hungary's Green Party
(suspended)[40]
0 / 21
5 / 199
Opposition
 Ireland Green Party[f]
2 / 13
12 / 160
Government
 Italy Green Europe
4 / 76
6 / 400
Opposition
 South Tyrol Greens
0 / 76
0 / 400
Extra-parliamentary
 Latvia The Progressives
0 / 8
10 / 100
Government
 Lithuania Union of Democrats "For Lithuania"
0 / 11
16 / 141
Opposition
 Luxembourg The Greens
1 / 6
4 / 60
Opposition
 Malta AD+PD
0 / 6
0 / 79
Extra-parliamentary
 Moldova Ecologist Green Party Not in EU
0 / 101
Extra-parliamentary
 Montenegro United Reform Action Not in EU
4 / 81
Opposition
 Netherlands GroenLinks
3 / 26
13 / 150
Opposition
 North Macedonia Democratic Renewal of Macedonia Not in EU
1 / 120
Confidence and supply
 Norway Green Party Not in EU
3 / 169
Opposition
 Poland The Greens
1 / 51
3 / 460
Government
 Portugal LIVRE
0 / 21
4 / 230
Opposition
Ecologist Party "The Greens"
0 / 21
0 / 230
Extra-parliamentary
 Romania Green Party
0 / 32
0 / 330
Extra-parliamentary
 Slovenia Youth Party – European Greens
0 / 8
0 / 90
Extra-parliamentary
 Spain Greens Equo
0 / 54
0 / 350
Extra-parliamentary
 Catalonia Green Left
1 / 54
[g]
2 / 48
[h]
Government
 Sweden Green Party
3 / 20
18 / 349
Opposition
  Switzerland Green Party of Switzerland Not in EU
28 / 200
Opposition
 Ukraine Party of Greens of Ukraine Not in EU
0 / 450
Extra-parliamentary
 United Kingdom  England
 Wales
Green Party of England and Wales Not in EU
4 / 573
[i]
Opposition
 Scotland Scottish Greens
0 / 59
[j]
Extra-parliamentary
Northern Ireland Green Party in Northern Ireland [k]
0 / 18
[l]
Extra-parliamentary
sources[41]

Associate members

Country Name MEPs National MPs Government status
 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Green Party Not in EU
0 / 125
Extra-parliamentary
 Croatia Green Alternative – Sustainable Development of Croatia
0 / 11
0 / 151
Extra-parliamentary
 Finland  Åland Sustainable Initiative
0 / 13
0 / 1
[m]
Extra-parliamentary
 Hungary Dialogue – The Greens' Party
0 / 21
6 / 199
Opposition
 Portugal People-Animals-Nature
0 / 21
1 / 230
Opposition
 Russia Union of Greens of Russia Not in EU
0 / 450
Extra-parliamentary
 Slovenia Vesna – Green Party
0 / 8
0 / 90
Extra-parliamentary
 Spain  Catalonia Catalunya en Comú
1 / 59
[g]
5 / 48
[h]
Government
 Turkey Green Left Party Not in EU
57 / 600
Opposition
sources[41]

Former members

Country Year left Name MEPs (current) National MPs (current)
 Belarus 2023 Belarusian Green Party n/a – defunct
 Denmark 2012 De Grønne n/a – defunct
 Hungary 2015 Green Left n/a – defunct
 Latvia 2019 Latvian Green Party
4 / 100
 Netherlands 2017 The Greens -
 Russia 2016[n] Green Alternative Not in EU -
 Spain 2012 Confederation of the Greens

Electoral standing and political representation

The table below shows the results of the Greens in each election to the European Parliament, in terms of seats and votes. It also shows how many European Commissioners the European Greens have, and who led the parliamentary group. It also lists how the Green parliamentary group and supra-national organisations was named and what European parliamentary group they joined.[42]

Year MEPs MEPs % Votes % EC Leaders EP Subgroup EP group Organization
1979 0 0 2.4% 0 none none none Coordination of European Green and Radical Parties
1984 11 2.5% 4.2% 0 Friedrich-Wilhelm Graefe zu Baringdorf (1984–86)
Bram van der Lek (1984–86)
Brigitte Heinrich (1986)
François Roelants du Vivier (1986)
Frank Schwalba-Hoth (1986–87)
Paul Staes (1987–88)
Wilfried Telkämper (1987–89)
Green Alternative European Link Rainbow Group European Green Coordination
1989 25 4.8% 7.4% 0 Maria Amelia Santos (1989–90)
Alexander Langer (1990)
Adelaide Aglietta (1990–94)
Paul Lannoye (1990–94)
Green Group in the European Parliament European Green Coordination
1994 21 3.7% 7.4% 0 Claudia Roth (1994–98),
Alexander Langer (1994–95),
Magda Aelvoet (1997–99)
Green Group in the European Parliament European Federation of Green Parties
1999 38 6.1% 7.7% 1[o] Heidi Hautala (1999–2002),
Paul Lannoye (1999–2002),
Monica Frassoni (2002–04),
Daniel Cohn-Bendit (2002–04)
European Greens Greens–European Free Alliance European Federation of Green Parties
2004 35 4.8% 7.3% 0 Monica Frassoni (2004–09),
Daniel Cohn-Bendit (2004–09)
European Greens Greens–European Free Alliance European Green Party
2009 48[p] 6.2% 7.3% 0 Rebecca Harms (2009–14),
Daniel Cohn-Bendit (2009–14)
European Greens Greens–European Free Alliance European Green Party
2014 50[43][q] 6.7% 7.3% 0 Rebecca Harms (2014–2016),
Ska Keller (2017– ),
Philippe Lamberts (2014– )
European Greens Greens–European Free Alliance European Green Party
2019 67 11.4% 10.0% 0 Ska Keller and Bas Eickhout European Greens Greens-EFA European Green Party

Current electoral standing

Country Name Votes Total Last EU election Votes Total Last national
election
Government status
 Austria The Greens – The Green Alternative 532,193 3,834,662 14.1% 664,055 4,835,469 13.9% Government
 Belgium  Flemish Groen 525,908 6,732,157 7.8% 413,836 6,780,538 6.1% Government
 French
 German
Ecolo 492,330 7.2% 416,452 6.1% Government
 Bulgaria The Greens EPP 2,015,320 6.1%[44] EPP 2,658,548 6.3%[44] Opposition
 Croatia We Can! 44,670 764,089 5.9% 193,051 2,180,411 9.1% Opposition
 Cyprus Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation 9,232 280,935 3.3%[45] 15,762 357,712 4.4% Opposition
 Czech Republic Green Party 0 2,370,765 did not compete 53,343 5,375,090 1.0% Extra-parliamentary
 Denmark Socialist People's Party 364,895 2.758.855 13.2% 272,304 3,569,521 7.7% Confidence and supply
 Estonia Estonian Greens 5,824 332,104 1.8% 10,226 561,131 1.8% Extra-parliamentary
 Finland Green League 292,892 1,830,045 16.0% 354,194 3,081,916 11.5% Government
 France Europe Ecology – The Greens 3,055,023 22,654,164 13.5% 973,527 22,655,174 4.3% Opposition
 Germany Alliance 90/The Greens 7,677,071 37,396,889 20.5% 6,852,206 46,442,023 14.8% Government
 Greece Ecologist Greens 49,099 5,656,122 0.9% 0 5,769,542 did not compete Extra-parliamentary
 Hungary LMP – Hungary's Green Party 75,498 3,470,257 2.2% 404,429 5,732,283 7.1% Opposition
 Ireland Green Party[r] 190,755 1,678,003 11.4% 155,695 2,183,489 7.1% Government
 Italy Green Europe 621,492 26,783,732 2.3% 1.071.663 29,172,085 3.6% Opposition
 South Tyrol Extra-parliamentary
 Luxembourg The Greens 39.535 217,086 18.9% 32.177 216,177 15.1% Government
 Malta AD+PD 7,142 260,212 did not compete 0 310,665 did not compete Extra-parliamentary
 Netherlands GroenLinks 599,283 5,497,813 10.9% 1.643.073 10,432,726 15.75%[46] TBD (Election)
 Poland The Greens EPP 13,647,311 38.5%[47] EPP 18,470,710 27.4%[48] Opposition
 Portugal Ecologist Party "The Greens" LEFT 3,314,414 6.9%[49] LEFT 5,340,890 6.3%[49] Opposition
LIVRE 60,575 3,084,505 1.8%[50] 5,417,715 71,232 1.3%[51]
 Romania Green Party 0 9,069,822 did not compete 23,085 5,908,331 0.4% Extra-parliamentary
 Slovenia Youth Party – European Greens 0 482,075 did not compete 0 891,097 did not compete Extra-parliamentary
 Spain Equo 0 22,426,066 did not compete 582,306 24,258,228 2.4% Confidence and supply
 Catalonia Esquerra Verda[s] LEFT Run with UP[52] 0 did not compete Government
Catalunya en Comú LEFT Run with UP[52] LEFT Run with UP Government
 Sweden Green Party 478,258 4,151,470 11.5% 285,899 6,535,271 4.4% Government
European Greens 15,061,100 177,624,368 8.48% 12,240,131 214,300,854 5.71%

Current political representation in European institutions

Organisation Institution Number of seats
 European Union European Parliament
39 / 720
European Commission
1 / 27
European Council
(Heads of Government)
0 / 27
Council of the European Union
(Participation in Government)
8 / 27
Committee of the Regions
 Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly
3 / 306

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The number of MEPs listed below may not match the total number of MEPs of the European party, as it does not include MEPs who join as individual members.
  2. ^ Dutch-speaking electoral college
  3. ^ Flemish seats in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives, including seats for bilingual Brussels.
  4. ^ All seats for the French and German-speaking electoral colleges.
  5. ^ All seats for French and German-speaking Communities in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives, including seats for bilingual Brussels.
  6. ^ The Irish Green Party operates also in Northern Ireland as the "Green Party in Northern Ireland". The Northern Irish party is separately listed in this table although it does not have separate membership in the EGP.
  7. ^ a b Ernest Urtasun is member of both Catalunya en Comú and Green Left.
  8. ^ a b Catalan seats in the Congress of Deputies; two Catalunya en Comú deputies are also members of Green Left.
  9. ^ English and Welsh seats in the House of Commons.
  10. ^ Scottish seats in the House of Commons (the party has 7 seats in the devolved Scottish Parliament).
  11. ^ It does not have separate membership in the EGP because it is a part of the Irish Green Party.
  12. ^ Northern Irish seats in the House of Commons.
  13. ^ Ålandic seats in the Parliament of Finland.
  14. ^ Full member from 1994 to 2016. Downgraded to associate member in 2016.
  15. ^ Michaele Schreyer for Alliance '90/The Greens
  16. ^ includes 6 independent MEPs elected for the Europe Écologie group
  17. ^ Includes 14 MEPs, from 8 countries, NOT affiliated with EGP member parties.
  18. ^ The Irish Green Party operates also in Northern Ireland as the "Green Party in Northern Ireland". The Northern Irish party is separately listed in this table although it does not have separate membership in the EGP.
  19. ^ Esquerra Verda is member party of Catalunya en Comú.

References

  1. ^ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "European Union". Parties and Elections in Europe. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  2. ^ a b Tatiana, Rovinskaya (2015). "Greens in Europe: Incremental Growth". World Economy and International Relations. 59 (12): 58–71. doi:10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-12-58-71. ISSN 0131-2227.
  3. ^ Henley, Jon (28 May 2019). "European elections: triumphant Greens demand more radical climate action". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  4. ^ Keating, Joshua (3 June 2019). "An Answer to Climate Change—and the Far Right". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  5. ^ Heyman, Taylor (17 September 2019). "Green wave could change the balance of power in European Parliament". The National. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  6. ^ a b "About". European Greens. 9 May 2023.
  7. ^ "Join Local Councillors Network". Local Councillors Network.
  8. ^ Archived 20 June 2023 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ a b Fücks, Ralf, ed. (2008). Green identity in a changing Europe. Brussels: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (published October 2008).
  10. ^ Franceschini, Georgio (2024). Kühn, Ulrich (ed.). Germany and nuclear weapons in the 21st century: atomic Zeitenwende?. Routledge global security studies. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-032-37639-4.
  11. ^ Zelko, Frank; Brinkmann, Carolin, eds. (2006). Green Parties: reflections on the first three decades. Heinrich Böll Foundation North America.
  12. ^ "The History of Alliance 90/The Greens | Heinrich Böll Stiftung". www.boell.de. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  13. ^ Haq, Gary; Paul, Alistair (1 March 2013). Environmentalism since 1945. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-63654-7.
  14. ^ "The big divide: is ideology holding back greens from embracing nuclear power?". theecologist.org. 20 July 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  15. ^ Wall, Derek (1994). Weaving a Bower Against Endless Night: an illustrated history of the UK Green Party [published March 1994 to mark the 21st anniversary of the party]. Green Party. ISBN 1-873557-08-6.
  16. ^ "Ideas, actors and political practices in the environmental history of Europe | EHNE". ehne.fr. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  17. ^ "Nuclear Power, No Thanks! The Aftermath of Chernobyl in Italy and the Nuclear Power Referendum of 1987". Environment & Society Portal. 24 June 2011. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  18. ^ a b "The Green Party in the European Parliament – Taking Stock | Heinrich Böll Stiftung". www.boell.de. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  19. ^ "European Greens Found European Greens – DW – 02/23/2004". dw.com. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  20. ^ a b HENDRICK, Annette (August 2014). European Green Party 1981-2009 (PDF). Etopia (published 2014).
  21. ^ "Bittersweet victories: The European Greens and the elections of 2021 | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Brussels office - European Union". eu.boell.org. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  22. ^ "Home | 2024 European election results | European Union | European Parliament".
  23. ^ "Home | 2024 European election results | European Union | European Parliament".
  24. ^ "Greens present 'Green New Deal' at campaign convention". 24 February 2014.
  25. ^ "Results of the 2014 European elections - European Parliament".
  26. ^ Henley, Jon (26 May 2019). "Greens surge as parties make strongest ever showing across Europe". The Guardian.
  27. ^ Henley, Jon (26 May 2019). "Greens surge as parties make strongest ever showing across Europe". The Guardian.
  28. ^ "Climate change will be key issue in EU elections, poll shows". 16 April 2019.
  29. ^ "The Green Wave: A tsunami or just a storm in a teacup? | Heinrich Böll Stiftung | Brussels office - European Union".
  30. ^ "Home | 2024 European election results | European Union | European Parliament".
  31. ^ "EU election: Surge for Greens, losses for centrist blocs – DW – 05/26/2019". Deutsche Welle.
  32. ^ In Europe, green policies rule while green politicians struggle, The Economist, 7 December 2023
  33. ^ "European Greens field Terry Reintke and Bas Eickhout as top candidates ('Spitzenkandidaten') for EU elections". European Greens. 3 February 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
  34. ^ Wax, Eddy (30 April 2024). "Von der Leyen opens the door to Europe's hard right". Politico. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  35. ^ Mathiesen, Karl (29 April 2024). "Greens lionized by Europe's young voters at EU presidential debate". POLITICO. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  36. ^ Infobae (24 May 2024). "Scholz defiende que la Comisión Europea no debería contar con apoyo de la extrema derecha el próximo mandato". Infobae. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  37. ^ "Statutes of the European Green Party" (PDF). europeangreens.eu. 20 May 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
  38. ^ "EGP Rule Book" (PDF). europeangreens.eu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  39. ^ "Networks". European Greens. 27 September 2023.
  40. ^ "European Green Party supports Budapest mayor Gergely Karácsony". European Green Party. 25 March 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
  41. ^ a b "Adopted Annex B - EGP Membership List - 37th EGP EoCongress, Vienna 3 June 2023" (PDF). European Greens. European Green Party. p. 24. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
  42. ^ "Directory". Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  43. ^ "Results of the 2014 European elections – European Parliament". results-elections2014.eu. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  44. ^ a b In a coalition with Yes, Bulgaria! and Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria as Democratic Bulgaria
  45. ^ with SYPOL
  46. ^ As part of the GreenLeft-Labour alliance.
  47. ^ Parties included in the coalition are the Democratic Left Alliance (since 16 February), The Greens (since 17 February), Now! (since 18 February), Civic Platform (since 21 February), Modern, Democratic Party (since 22 February), Polish People's Party, Union of European Democrats (since 23 February), Social Democracy of Poland (since 2 March), Liberty and Equality (since 3 March), League of Polish Families (since 11 March) and Feminist Initiative (since 15 March). The Coalition also gained the support from Barbara Nowacka and her movement, the Polish Initiative and civic organisation Committee for the Defence of Democracy. The Coalition came in second place in the 2019 European Parliament election with 38.5% of the vote, returning 22 MEPs.
  48. ^ The party participate in the 2019 Polish parliamentary election as part of the Civic Coalition.
  49. ^ a b These are the results for Unitary Democratic Coalition.
  50. ^ "2019 European Parliament election in Portugal", Wikipedia, 12 June 2023, retrieved 19 October 2023
  51. ^ "2022 Portuguese legislative election", Wikipedia, 8 August 2023, retrieved 19 October 2023
  52. ^ a b On 2 July 2020, former ICV members announced the founding of a new party and that it would be part of the En Comú Podem, with David Cid, Marta Ribas and Ernest Urtasun being members of the new party.