Pope Stephen I: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Head of the Catholic Church from 254 to 257}} |
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{{Infobox Christian leader |
{{Infobox Christian leader |
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|type=Pope |
| type = Pope |
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|honorific-prefix=Pope Saint |
| honorific-prefix = [[Pope Saint]] |
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|name=Stephen I |
| name = Stephen I |
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| title = [[Bishop of Rome]] |
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|image = 23-St.Stephen I.jpg |
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| church = [[Early Church]] |
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| image = Head of Pope Saint Stephen I - Speyer Cathedral - Speyer - Germany 2017.jpg |
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| caption = Relic containing the head of Pope Stephen I, [[Speyer Cathedral]], [[Germany]] |
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'''Pope Stephen I''' ({{lang-la|Stephanus I}}) was the [[ |
'''Pope Stephen I''' ({{lang-gr|Στέφανος Α΄}} {{lang-la|Stephanus I}}) was the [[Bishop of Rome]] from 12 May 254 to his death on 2 August 257.<ref name="ce">Mann, Horace (1912). "Pope St. Stephen I" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</ref> He was later [[Canonization|canonized]] as a saint and some accounts say he was killed while celebrating [[Mass in the Catholic Church|Mass]]. |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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==Pontificate== |
==Pontificate== |
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Following the [[Decian persecution]] of 250–251, there was disagreement about how to treat those who had lapsed from the faith. Stephen was urged by Bishop [[Faustinus of Lyon]] to take action against Marcian, the [[Novatianist]] [[bishop of Arles]], who [[Novatianism|denied penance and communion to the lapsed who repented]]. The controversy arose in the context of a broad pastoral problem. During the Decian persecution some Christians had purchased certificates attesting that they had made the requisite sacrifices to the Roman gods. Others had denied they were Christians while yet others had in fact taken part in pagan sacrifices. These people were called ''[[Lapsi (Christianity)|lapsi]]''. The question arose |
Following the [[Decian persecution]] of 250–251, there was disagreement about how to treat those who had lapsed from the faith. Stephen was urged by Bishop [[Faustinus of Lyon]] to take action against Marcian, the [[Novatianist]] [[bishop of Arles]], who [[Novatianism|denied penance and communion to the lapsed who repented]]. The controversy arose in the context of a broad pastoral problem. During the Decian persecution some Christians had purchased certificates attesting that they had made the requisite sacrifices to the Roman gods. Others had denied they were Christians while yet others had in fact taken part in pagan sacrifices. These people were called in Latin ''[[Lapsi (Christianity)|lapsi]]'', ''the fallen''. The question arose as to whether, if they later repented, they could be readmitted to communion with the church, and if so, under what conditions.<ref name=Hogan>{{cite book |last=Hogan |first=R.M. |title=Dissent from the Creed: Heresies Past and Present |date=2001 |publisher=Our Sunday Visitor |isbn=9780879734084 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YuxxgQRDIpQC&pg=PA71 |page=71 |access-date=2016-03-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417232428/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YuxxgQRDIpQC&pg=PA71 |archive-date=2016-04-17 }}</ref> |
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⚫ | Stephen held that converts who had been baptized by splinter groups did not need re-baptism, while [[Cyprian]] and certain bishops of the Roman province of Africa held rebaptism necessary for admission to the [[Eucharist]]. Stephen's view eventually won broad acceptance in the [[Latin Church]].<ref name="ce"/> He is also mentioned as having insisted on the restoration of the bishops of [[León, León|León]] and [[Astorga (Spain)|Astorga]], who had been deposed for unfaithfulness during the persecution but afterwards had repented.<ref name="ce"/> |
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⚫ | Stephen held that converts who had been baptized by splinter groups did not need re-baptism, while [[Cyprian]] and certain bishops of the Roman province of Africa held rebaptism necessary for admission to the [[Eucharist]]. Stephen's view eventually won broad acceptance in the [[Latin Church]].<ref name="ce"/> |
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==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
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The ''[[Depositio episcoporum]]'' of 354 does not speak of Pope Stephen I as a martyr and he is not celebrated as such by the [[Catholic Church]],<ref>"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 133</ref> in spite of the account in the ''[[Golden Legend]]'' that in 257 [[Emperor Valerian]] resumed the persecution of Christians |
The ''[[Depositio episcoporum]]'' of 354 does not speak of Pope Stephen I as a martyr and he is not celebrated as such by the [[Catholic Church]],<ref>"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 133</ref> in spite of the account in the ''[[Golden Legend]]'' that in 257 [[Emperor Valerian]] resumed the persecution of Christians. Stephen was sitting on his pontifical throne celebrating [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] for his [[Wiktionary:congregation|congregation]] when the emperor's men came and beheaded him on 2 August 257.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VpvI5TAp08IC&dq=%22Pope+Stephen%22&pg=PA39 The golden legend: readings on the saints] By Jacobus de Voragine, William Granger Ryan</ref> As late as the 18th century, what was said to be the chair was preserved, still allegedly stained with blood.<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/210/8/021.html Butler, Alban. "St. Stephen, Pope and Martyr", ''Butler's Lives of the Saints'' Vol. VIII: August, 1866]</ref> |
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Stephen I's [[feast day]] in the Catholic Church is celebrated on 2 August.<ref>"Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001 {{ISBN|88-209-7210-7}})</ref> In 1839, when the new feast of [[Alphonsus Liguori|St Alphonsus Mary de Liguori]] was assigned to 2 August, Stephen I was mentioned only as a [[commemoration (liturgy)|commemoration]] within the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] of Saint Alphonsus. The revision of the calendar in 1969 removed the mention of |
Stephen I's [[feast day]] in the Catholic Church is celebrated on 2 August.<ref>"Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001 {{ISBN|88-209-7210-7}})</ref> In 1839, when the new feast of [[Alphonsus Liguori|St Alphonsus Mary de Liguori]] was assigned to 2 August, Stephen I was mentioned only as a [[commemoration (liturgy)|commemoration]] within the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] of Saint Alphonsus. The revision of the calendar in 1969 removed the mention of Stephen I from the General Roman Calendar, but, according to the terms of the [[General Instruction of the Roman Missal]], the 2 August Mass may now everywhere be that of one of the Saints named that day in the ''Martyrologium Romanum'' of 2004, including Stephen I, unless in some locality an obligatory celebration is assigned to that day,<ref>[http://www.acbc.catholic.org.au/documents/200707031933.pdf "General Instruction of the Roman Missal"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720091216/http://www.acbc.catholic.org.au/documents/200707031933.pdf |date=2008-07-20 }} 355 c</ref> while those permitted to use the pre-1969 calendar make commemoration of Saint Stephen I on that day. |
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Pope Stephen I is the patron of [[Hvar (town)|Hvar]] and of [[Modigliana Cathedral]]. |
Pope Stephen I is the patron of [[Hvar (town)|Hvar]] and of [[Modigliana Cathedral]]. |
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{{wikisource author}} |
{{wikisource author}} |
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*{{Cite CE1913|wstitle=Pope St. Stephen I}} |
*{{Cite CE1913|wstitle=Pope St. Stephen I}} |
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*[http://www.bartleby.com/210/8/021.html "St. Stephen, Pope and Martyr"], ''Butler's Lives of the Saints'' |
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*[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0254-0257-_Stephanus_I,_Sanctus.html His writings] |
*[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0254-0257-_Stephanus_I,_Sanctus.html His writings] |
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Latest revision as of 15:58, 20 August 2024
Stephen I | |
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Bishop of Rome | |
Church | Early Church |
Papacy began | 12 May 254 |
Papacy ended | 2 August 257 |
Predecessor | Lucius I |
Successor | Sixtus II |
Personal details | |
Born | |
Died | Rome, Roman Empire | 2 August 257
Sainthood | |
Feast day | 2 August, 3 August |
Venerated in | Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Church |
Patronage | |
Other popes named Stephen |
Pope Stephen I (Greek: Στέφανος Α΄ Latin: Stephanus I) was the Bishop of Rome from 12 May 254 to his death on 2 August 257.[1] He was later canonized as a saint and some accounts say he was killed while celebrating Mass.
Early life
[edit]Stephen was born in Rome but had Greek ancestry. He served as archdeacon of Pope Lucius I, who appointed Stephen his successor.
Pontificate
[edit]Following the Decian persecution of 250–251, there was disagreement about how to treat those who had lapsed from the faith. Stephen was urged by Bishop Faustinus of Lyon to take action against Marcian, the Novatianist bishop of Arles, who denied penance and communion to the lapsed who repented. The controversy arose in the context of a broad pastoral problem. During the Decian persecution some Christians had purchased certificates attesting that they had made the requisite sacrifices to the Roman gods. Others had denied they were Christians while yet others had in fact taken part in pagan sacrifices. These people were called in Latin lapsi, the fallen. The question arose as to whether, if they later repented, they could be readmitted to communion with the church, and if so, under what conditions.[2]
Stephen held that converts who had been baptized by splinter groups did not need re-baptism, while Cyprian and certain bishops of the Roman province of Africa held rebaptism necessary for admission to the Eucharist. Stephen's view eventually won broad acceptance in the Latin Church.[1] He is also mentioned as having insisted on the restoration of the bishops of León and Astorga, who had been deposed for unfaithfulness during the persecution but afterwards had repented.[1]
Legacy
[edit]The Depositio episcoporum of 354 does not speak of Pope Stephen I as a martyr and he is not celebrated as such by the Catholic Church,[3] in spite of the account in the Golden Legend that in 257 Emperor Valerian resumed the persecution of Christians. Stephen was sitting on his pontifical throne celebrating Mass for his congregation when the emperor's men came and beheaded him on 2 August 257.[4] As late as the 18th century, what was said to be the chair was preserved, still allegedly stained with blood.[5]
Stephen I's feast day in the Catholic Church is celebrated on 2 August.[6] In 1839, when the new feast of St Alphonsus Mary de Liguori was assigned to 2 August, Stephen I was mentioned only as a commemoration within the Mass of Saint Alphonsus. The revision of the calendar in 1969 removed the mention of Stephen I from the General Roman Calendar, but, according to the terms of the General Instruction of the Roman Missal, the 2 August Mass may now everywhere be that of one of the Saints named that day in the Martyrologium Romanum of 2004, including Stephen I, unless in some locality an obligatory celebration is assigned to that day,[7] while those permitted to use the pre-1969 calendar make commemoration of Saint Stephen I on that day.
Pope Stephen I is the patron of Hvar and of Modigliana Cathedral.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c Mann, Horace (1912). "Pope St. Stephen I" in The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Hogan, R.M. (2001). Dissent from the Creed: Heresies Past and Present. Our Sunday Visitor. p. 71. ISBN 9780879734084. Archived from the original on 2016-04-17. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
- ^ "Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 133
- ^ The golden legend: readings on the saints By Jacobus de Voragine, William Granger Ryan
- ^ Butler, Alban. "St. Stephen, Pope and Martyr", Butler's Lives of the Saints Vol. VIII: August, 1866
- ^ "Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2001 ISBN 88-209-7210-7)
- ^ "General Instruction of the Roman Missal" Archived 2008-07-20 at the Wayback Machine 355 c
External links
[edit]- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- His writings