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Coordinates: 46°32′N 9°52′E / 46.533°N 9.867°E / 46.533; 9.867
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox Swiss town
{{Infobox Swiss town
| subject_name = Samedan
| subject_name = Samedan
| image_photo = Samedan Airport.jpg
| image_photo = Samedan Airport.jpg
| municipality_name = Samedan
| municipality_type = municipality
| municipality_type = municipality
| imagepath_coa = Samedan wappen.svg|pixel_coa=
| imagepath_coa = CHE Samedan COA.svg|pixel_coa=
| map =
| languages =
| languages =
| canton = Graubünden
| canton = Graubünden
| iso-code-region = CH-GR
| iso-code-region = CH-GR
| district = [[Maloja (district)|Maloja]]
| district = [[Maloja Region|Maloja]]
| coordinates = {{coord|46|32|N|9|52|E|display=inline,title}}
| lat_d=46|lat_m=32|lat_NS=N|long_d=9|long_m=52|long_s=40|long_EW=E
| postal_code = 7503
| postal_code = 7503
| municipality_code = 3786
| municipality_code = 3786
| area = 113.97
| area = 113.97
| elevation = 1721|elevation_description=
| elevation = 1721|elevation_description=
| population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-GR|3786}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}} | popofyear = {{Swiss populations Y|CH-GR}}
| population = {{Swiss populations NC|CH-GR|3786}} | populationof = {{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}}
| website = www.samedan.ch
| website = www.samedan.ch
| mayor = Jon Fadri Huder |mayor_asof=2008|mayor_party=
| mayor = Jon Fadri Huder |mayor_asof=2008|mayor_party=
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| places =
| places =
| demonym =
| demonym =
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bergün/Bravuogn]], [[Bever, Switzerland|Bever]], [[Celerina/Schlarigna]], [[Lanzada]] (IT-SO), [[La Punt-Chamues-ch]], [[Pontresina]], [[Sankt-Moritz]], [[Sils im Engadin/Segl]], [[Silvaplana]]
| neighboring_municipalities= [[Bergün/Bravuogn]], [[Bever, Switzerland|Bever]], [[Celerina/Schlarigna]], [[Lanzada]] (IT-SO), [[La Punt Chamues-ch]], [[Pontresina]], [[Sankt-Moritz]], [[Sils im Engadin/Segl]], [[Silvaplana]]
| twintowns = [[Le Mont-sur-Lausanne]] (Switzerland)
| twintowns = [[Le Mont-sur-Lausanne]] (Switzerland)
|}}
|}}


'''Samedan''' ({{Audio|Roh-putèr-Samedan.ogg|[saˈmedən]}}) is a town and [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the district of [[Maloja (district)|Maloja]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Graubünden]].
'''Samedan''' ({{Audio|Roh-putèr-Samedan.ogg|[saˈmedən]}}, {{IPA|de|sɐˈmeːdən|lang}}) is a town and [[municipalities of Switzerland|municipality]] in the [[Maloja Region]] in the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[Cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[Grisons]]. It is served by [[Samedan railway station]] on the [[Rhaetian Railway]] network and by the [[Samedan Airport]].


==History==
==History==
[[File:Johann Heinrich Müller, 1825-1894 J08 Samaden.JPG|thumb|left|Samedan c. 1870 with the Bernina hotel (opened in 1865), one of the oldest hotels in the Engadin.<ref>[http://www.baukultur.gr.ch/de_DE/address/hotel_bernina.31568 Hotel Bernina]. baukultur.gr.ch (in German)</ref> Etching by [[commons:Category:Johann Heinrich Müller (1825-1894)|Heinrich Müller]]]]
[[File:Samedan circa 1870.jpg|thumb|left|A photograph of Samedan in the circa 1870s.]]
Samedan is first mentioned in 1137–1139 as ''Samadene'', and in 1156 as ''Samadn''. For 1288 there is evidence of a residential tower in the upper part of the village. In 1462 Samedan became the seat of lower [[jurisdiction]]. In the [[Swabian War]] of 1499, the village burned down. In 1551 the parish of Samedan, one of three large parishes in the Upper [[Engadin]], converted to [[Protestantism]]. From the 16th century onwards, some families, especially the ''von Salis'' and ''von Planta'', became very wealthy and had magnificent houses built in the village. They owed their financial success, among other things, to their political offices, but also to emigration and mercenary service abroad.
[[File:Samedan circa 1870 B.jpg|thumb|left|Another photographic view of Samedan in the circa 1870s.]]

Samedan is first mentioned in 1139 as ''Samaden''. In 1334 it was mentioned as ''Semeden'', in 1367 as ''Semaden'', in 1498 as ''Sumada'' and in 1527 as ''Sameden''.<ref name=HDS/> Samedan is the location of The Smallest Whiskey Bar on Earth, the establishment holding the Guinness World Records distinction of "Smallest Permanently Licensed Bar in the World."
In the 19th century, trade and commerce developed earlier and faster in Samedan than anywhere else in the Engadin. Tourism began circa 1830: Hotels were built, mountains were climbed for the first time, and English tourists had an English church erected in 1872 (it was demolished in 1965). A golf course was built in 1893; the [[Muottas-Muragl-Bahn]] (a [[funicular]] railway) was constructed in 1907.

The first power station was built in 1888 and a major hospital in 1895. Banks and a printer settled in Samedan. In 1903 the town was connected to the [[Rhaetian Railway]]; it soon became the most important railway junction in the Engadin. The airfield was opened in 1937; the Protestant school, today's ''Academia Engiadina'', in 1943. On 1 October 1943, Samedan was mistakenly bombed by American planes. Luckily, nobody was hurt. From the 1980s, the formerly [[Romansh people|Romansh]] farming village developed into a modern service centre, in which German speakers outnumber Romansh speakers.<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|1542|Samedan}}</ref>

<gallery widths="150" heights="110">
Samedan circa 1870.jpg|A photograph of Samedan in the circa 1870s
Samedan circa 1870 B.jpg|Another photographic view of Samedan in the circa 1870s
ETH-BIB-Samedan-LBS H1-017880.tif|Aerial view (1954)
</gallery>


==Geography==
==Geography==
[[File:Samedanwinter2005-01.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Samedan town hall in winter]]
[[File:Samedanwinter2005-01.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Samedan town hall in winter]]
Samedan has an area, {{as of|2006|lc=on}}, of {{convert|114|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}. Of this area, 16.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.9% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (72.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).<ref name=SFSO/>
Samedan has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of {{Swiss area|3786|mi=on}}.{{Swiss area data|3786|QUELLE}} Of this area, about 15.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.9% is settled (buildings or roads) and 72.9% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by {{convert|34|ha|acre|abbr=on}} and the agricultural land has decreased by {{convert|120|ha|acre|abbr=on}}.<ref name=SFSO2016>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Regional portraits] accessed 2 May 2016</ref>


The municipality is located in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district in the central [[Engadin|Oberengadin]] valley along the [[Inn river]]. It consists of the village of Samedan and the [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of Punt Muragl, the upper section of the [[Val Bever]] as well as an [[exclave]] that includes nearly the entire [[Val Roseg]], a valley surrounded by the highest mountains of the canton: [[Piz Bernina]], [[Piz Scerscen]] and [[Piz Roseg]]. Until 1943 Samedan was known as Samaden.<ref name=Fusion>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{de icon}} accessed 23 September 2009</ref>
Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district in the central [[Engadin|Oberengadin]] valley along the [[Inn river]]. After 2017 it was part of the Maloja Region. It consists of the village of Samedan and the [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of Punt Muragl, the upper section of the [[Val Bever]] as well as an [[exclave]] that includes nearly the entire [[Val Roseg]], a valley surrounded by the highest mountains of the canton: [[Piz Bernina]], [[Piz Scerscen]] and [[Piz Roseg]]. Until 1943 Samedan was known as Samaden.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/03.html Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{in lang|de}} accessed 23 September 2009</ref>
{{clear|left}}


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
[[File:Samedan houses.jpg|thumb|Modern houses in Samedan]]
[[File:Samedan houses.jpg|thumb|Modern houses in Samedan]]
Samedan has a population (as of {{Swiss populations date|CH-GR}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3786}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}} {{as of|2008}}, 22.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.<ref name=Population/> Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 4.1%.<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 20-Oct-2009</ref>
Samedan has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-GR}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-GR|3786}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-GR}} {{as of|2013}}, 23.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 3 years (2010–2013) the population has changed at a rate of 1.31%. The [[birth rate]] in the municipality, in 2013, was 8.3 while the [[death rate]] was 7.0 per thousand residents.<ref name=SFSO2016/>


{{as of|2013}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 64.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.3%.<ref name=SFSO2016/>
The age distribution, {{as of|2000|lc=on}}, in Samedan is; 267 children or 8.7% of the population are between 0 to 9 years old. 155 teenagers or 5.1% are 10 to 14, and 281 teenagers or 9.2% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 460 people or 15.0% of the population are between 20 to 29 years old. 541 people or 17.6% are 30 to 39, 462 people or 15.1% are 40 to 49, and 385 people or 12.5% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution is 209 people or 6.8% of the population are between 60 to 69 years old, 189 people or 6.2% are 70 to 79, there are 103 people or 3.4% who are 80 to 89, and there are 17 people or 0.6% who are 90 to 99.<ref name=Population>[http://www.gr.ch/DE/institutionen/verwaltung/dvs/awt/dienstleistungen/volkswirtschaftlichegrundlagen/Seiten/Bevoelkerung.aspx Graubunden Population Statistics] {{de icon}} accessed 21 September 2009</ref>


In 2013 there were 1,423 private households in Samedan. Of the 489 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 21.9% were single family homes and 47.6% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 22.5% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 9.4% were built between 1991 and 2000.<ref name=Housing>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Thema 09 – Bau- und Wohnungswesen ] {{in lang|de}} accessed 5 May 2016</ref> In 2012 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 31.86. The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2014|alt=in 2014}}, was 2.14%.<ref name=SFSO2016/>
In the 2007 [[Swiss federal election, 2007|federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] which received 30.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] (28.7%), the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (28.2%) and the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (10.4%).<ref name=SFSO/>


==Historic population==
In Samedan about 75.7% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO/>
The historical population is given in the following chart:<ref>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/default.aspx?px_language=de Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850–2000 ] {{in lang|de}} accessed 27 April 2016</ref>

<timeline>
Samedan has an unemployment rate of 1%. {{as of|2005}}, there were 35 people employed in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]] and about 13 businesses involved in this sector. 554 people are employed in the [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] and there are 37 businesses in this sector. 1,891 people are employed in the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]], with 194 businesses in this sector.<ref name=SFSO/>
Colors=

id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
The historical population is given in the following table:<ref name=HDS>{{HDS|1542|Samedan}}</ref>
id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
{| class="wikitable"
ImageSize = width: auto height:200 barincrement:45
|-
PlotArea = top:20 left:40 bottom:20 right:35
! year
AlignBars = justify
! population
DateFormat = x.y
|-
Period = from:0 till:4000
| 1850
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
| 412
AlignBars = justify
|-
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:800 start:0
| 1900
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0
| 967
PlotData=
|-
color:yellowgreen width: 35 mark:(line,white) align:center
| 1930
bar:1850 from:start till:412 text:"412"
| 1,783
bar:1860 from:start till:516 text:"516"
|-
bar:1870 from:start till:690 text:"690"
| 1950
bar:1880 from:start till:754 text:"754"
| 1,685
bar:1888 from:start till:843 text:"843"
|-
bar:1900 from:start till:967 text:"967"
| 1980
bar:1910 from:start till:1293 text:"1,293"
| 2,553
bar:1920 from:start till:1500 text:"1,500"
|-
bar:1930 from:start till:1783 text:"1,783"
| 2000
bar:1941 from:start till:1427 text:"1,427"
| 3,069
bar:1950 from:start till:1685 text:"1,685"
|-
bar:1960 from:start till:2106 text:"2,106"
|}
bar:1970 from:start till:2574 text:"2,574"
bar:1980 from:start till:2553 text:"2,553"
bar:1990 from:start till:2875 text:"2,875"
bar:2000 from:start till:3069 text:"3,069"
bar:2013 from:start till:3007 text:"3,007"
</timeline>


==Languages==
==Languages==
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Languages of Samedan<ref>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Selection.aspx?px_language=de&px_db=px-x-4001000000_123&px_tableid=px-x-4001000000_123\px-x-4001000000_123.px&px_type=PX Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Wohnbevölkerung am wirtschaftlichen Wohnsitz nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Hauptsprache und Nationalität, 1970–2000] {{in lang|de}} accessed 6 September 2016</ref>
|-----
|-----
! rowspan="2" | Languages !! colspan="2" | Census 1970 !! colspan="2" | Census 1980 !! colspan="2" | Census 1990 !! colspan="2" | Census 2000
| colspan="9" align="center" bgcolor="#BFEFFF" | '''Languages of Samedan'''<ref>[https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Selection.aspx?px_language=de&px_db=px-x-4001000000_123&px_tableid=px-x-4001000000_123\px-x-4001000000_123.px&px_type=PX Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Wohnbevölkerung am wirtschaftlichen Wohnsitz nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Hauptsprache und Nationalität, 1970-2000] {{de icon}} accessed 6 September 2016</ref>
|-----
| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''Languages''' || colspan="2" align="center" | '''Census 1970''' || colspan="2" align="center" | '''Census 1980''' || colspan="2" align="center" | '''Census 1990''' || colspan="2" align="center" | '''Census 2000'''
|-----
|-----
| align="center" | '''Number''' || align="center" | '''Percent''' || align="center" | '''Number''' || align="center" | '''Percent''' || align="center" | '''Number''' || align="center" | '''Percent''' || align="center" | '''Number''' || align="center" | '''Percent'''
! Number !! Percent !! Number !! Percent !! Number !! Percent !! Number !! Percent
|-----
|-----
|[[German language|German]] || align=right | 1,096 || align=right | 42.6% || align=right | 1,140|| align=right | 44.7% || align=right | 1,567 || align=right | 54.5% || align=right | 1,886 || align=right | 61.5%
|[[German language|German]] || align=right | 1,096 || align=right | 42.6% || align=right | 1,140|| align=right | 44.7% || align=right | 1,567 || align=right | 54.5% || align=right | 1,886 || align=right | 61.5%
Line 95: Line 109:
|TOTAL || align=right | 2,574 || align=right | 100% || align=right | 2,553|| align=right |100% || align=right | 2,875 || align=right | 100% || align=right | 3,069 || align=right | 100%
|TOTAL || align=right | 2,574 || align=right | 100% || align=right | 2,553|| align=right |100% || align=right | 2,875 || align=right | 100% || align=right | 3,069 || align=right | 100%
|}
|}

==Politics==
In the [[2015 Swiss federal election|2015 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] with 23.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[FDP.The Liberals|FDP]] (22.5%), the [[Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland|BDP]] (19.6%) and the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] (16.4%). In the federal election, a total of 821 votes were cast, and the [[voter turnout]] was 42.3%.<ref>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802003536/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html |date=2 August 2016 }} {{in lang|de}} accessed 18 July 2016</ref>

In the [[2007 Swiss federal election|2007 federal election]] the most popular party was the [[Social Democratic Party of Switzerland|SP]] which received 30.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the [[Swiss People's Party|SVP]] (28.7%), the [[Free Democratic Party of Switzerland|FDP]] (28.2%) and the [[Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland|CVP]] (10.4%).<ref name=SFSO/>

==Education==
In Samedan about 75.7% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory [[Education in Switzerland#Secondary|upper secondary education]] or additional higher education (either university or a ''[[Fachhochschule]]'').<ref name=SFSO>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office] accessed 20 October 2009</ref>


==Transportation==
==Transportation==
[[File:Airport Samedan - panoramio.jpg|thumb|The airport in Samedan]]
It is the administrative center of the upper Engadin region, and services include a regional hospital (Spital Oberengadin), a major [[RhB]] [[Samedan (Rhaetian Railway station)|railway station]] with regular trains towards [[Pontresina]], [[Chur]] and [[St. Moritz]], and a regional airport ([[Engadin Airport]]). Both the [[Bernina Express]] and [[Glacier Express]] trains pass Samedan.
It is the administrative center of the upper Engadin region, and services include a regional hospital (Spital Oberengadin), a major [[RhB]] [[Samedan (Rhaetian Railway station)|railway station]] with regular trains towards [[Pontresina]], [[Chur]] and [[St. Moritz]], and a regional airport ([[Engadin Airport]]). Both the [[Bernina Express]] and [[Glacier Express]] trains pass Samedan.

The funicular [[Muottas-Muragl-Bahn]] leads to the top of [[Muottas Muragl]] (2454 m).

==Economy==
{{as of|2012|In 2012}}, there were a total of 2,891 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 26 people worked in 8 businesses in the [[Primary sector of the economy|primary economic sector]]. The [[Secondary sector of the economy|secondary sector]] employed 500 workers in 51 separate businesses. Finally, the [[Tertiary sector of the economy|tertiary sector]] provided 2,365 jobs in 335 businesses. In 2013 a total of 31.9% of the population received social assistance.<ref name=SFSO2016/>


==Heritage sites of national significance==
==Heritage sites of national significance==
The Catholic ''Church of the Sacred Heart'' and the ''Library of Fundaziun de Planta'' are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage sites of national significance]].<ref>[http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar.html Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance] 21.11.2008 version, {{de icon}} accessed 20-Oct-2009</ref>
The Catholic ''Church of the Sacred Heart'' and the ''[[Upper Engadine Cultural Archives|Library of Fundaziun de Planta]]'' are listed as Swiss [[Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|heritage sites of national significance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.babs.admin.ch/de/aufgabenbabs/kgs/inventar/a-objekte.html |title= Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance|date= 1 January 2017|website=A-Objects |publisher=Federal Office for Cultural Protection (BABS) |access-date= 6 September 2017}}</ref>

<gallery>
File:Samedan-Herz-Jesu-Kirche.jpg|Church of the Sacred Heart
File:Samedan Bibliothek der Stiftung Planta.jpg|Biblioteca da la Fundaziun de Planta
</gallery>


==Climate==
==Climate==
[[Koppen-Geiger climate classification]] classifies its climate as [[subarctic climate|subarctic]] (Dfc). Between 1961 and 1990 Samedan had an average of 95.5 days of rain per year and on average received {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month was August during which time Samedan received an average of {{convert|99|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 11.5 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of {{convert|25|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 5 days.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html | title =Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990 | accessdate= 8 May 2009| publisher =Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss | language = German, French, Italian}}, the weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.</ref>
[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger climate classification]] classifies its climate as [[subarctic climate|subarctic]] (Dfc). Between 1961 and 1990 Samedan had an average of 95.5 days of rain per year and on average received {{convert|700|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month was August during which time Samedan received an average of {{convert|99|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 11.5 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of {{convert|25|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 5 days.<ref>{{cite web | url =http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html | title =Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961–1990 | access-date =8 May 2009 | publisher =Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology – MeteoSwiss | language =de, fr, it | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090627163841/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html | archive-date =27 June 2009 | df =dmy-all }}, the weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.</ref>


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Samedan (1981-2010) Extremes (1901-present)
|location = Samedan (1981–2010) Extremes (1901–present)
|metric first = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|single line = Yes
Line 188: Line 221:
| Dec precipitation mm = 36
| Dec precipitation mm = 36
| year precipitation mm = 713
| year precipitation mm = 713
|snow colour = green
| Jan snow cm = 52.4
| Jan snow cm = 52.4
| Feb snow cm = 38.9
| Feb snow cm = 38.9
Line 257: Line 289:
| year sun = 1733
| year sun = 1733
|source 1 = MeteoSwiss <ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web
|source 1 = MeteoSwiss <ref name=MeteoSwiss>{{cite web
| url = http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html
|url = http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html
| title = Climate Norm Value Tables
|title = Climate Norm Value Tables
| work = Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations
|work = Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations
| publisher = Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss)
|publisher = Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss)
|access-date = 23 January 2013
| accessdate = 23 January 2013}} The weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.</ref>
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130514205349/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html
|archive-date = 14 May 2013
|df = dmy-all
}} The weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.</ref>
|date=August 2010
|date=August 2010
|source 2 = KNMI<ref>{{cite web
|source 2 = KNMI<ref>{{cite web
| url =http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php| title = Samedan extreme values | accessdate =8 November 2011 | publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]}}</ref>
| url =http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php| title = Samedan extreme values | access-date =8 November 2011 | publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]}}</ref>
}}
}}


==Cultural references==
==Cultural references==
The [[Upper Engadine Cultural Archives]] is housed in the Chesa Planta in Samedan.

[[James Bond]] escapes from [[Blofeld]]'s base at [[Piz Gloria]] to Samedan in [[Ian Fleming]]'s ''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (novel)|On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]'' where he is rescued by his future wife, Tracy.
[[James Bond]] escapes from [[Blofeld]]'s base at [[Piz Gloria]] to Samedan in [[Ian Fleming]]'s ''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (novel)|On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]'' where he is rescued by his future wife, Tracy.


The nineteenth century campaigner for women's rights and the repeal of the [[Contagious Diseases Acts]], [[Josephine Butler]], holidayed in Samedan in 1881 preferring it to [[Pontresina]]. She walked extensively with friends whilst her husband, because of his rheumatism, painted and sketched. He preached at the local Protestant church, which was largely run by another English clergyman Mr Eardley <ref>Diary of stay in the Engadine held at Women's Library London</ref>
The nineteenth century campaigner for women's rights and the repeal of the [[Contagious Diseases Acts]], [[Josephine Butler]], holidayed in Samedan in 1881 preferring it to [[Pontresina]]. She walked extensively with friends whilst her husband, because of his rheumatism, painted and sketched. He preached at the local Protestant church, which was largely run by another English clergyman Mr Eardley.<ref>Diary of stay in the Engadine held at Women's Library London</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Commons category|Samedan}}
{{Commons category|Samedan}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.samedan.ch Official website] {{de icon}}
*[http://www.samedan.ch Official website] {{in lang|de}}
*{{HDS|1542|rm=2659}}
*{{HDS|1542|rm=2659}}


{{Municipalities of the district of Maloja}}
{{Municipalities of the Maloja Region}}
{{Engadin villages}}
{{Engadin villages}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2010}}


[[Category:Samedan| ]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden]]
[[Category:Cultural property of national significance in Graubünden]]

Latest revision as of 15:15, 20 August 2024

Samedan
Municipality
Coat of arms of Samedan
Coat of arms
Location of Samedan
Map
Samedan is located in Switzerland
Samedan
Samedan
Samedan is located in Canton of Graubünden
Samedan
Samedan
Coordinates: 46°32′N 9°52′E / 46.533°N 9.867°E / 46.533; 9.867
CountrySwitzerland
CantonGraubünden
DistrictMaloja
Government
 • MayorGemeindepräsident
Jon Fadri Huder
(as of 2008)
Area
[1]
 • Total113.80 km2 (43.94 sq mi)
Elevation
1,721 m (5,646 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2018)[2]
 • Total2,924
 • Density26/km2 (67/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)
7503
SFOS number3786
ISO 3166 codeCH-GR
Surrounded byBergün/Bravuogn, Bever, Celerina/Schlarigna, Lanzada (IT-SO), La Punt Chamues-ch, Pontresina, Sankt-Moritz, Sils im Engadin/Segl, Silvaplana
Twin townsLe Mont-sur-Lausanne (Switzerland)
Websitewww.samedan.ch
SFSO statistics

Samedan ([saˈmedən]ⓘ, German: [sɐˈmeːdən]) is a town and municipality in the Maloja Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons. It is served by Samedan railway station on the Rhaetian Railway network and by the Samedan Airport.

History

[edit]
Samedan c. 1870 with the Bernina hotel (opened in 1865), one of the oldest hotels in the Engadin.[3] Etching by Heinrich Müller

Samedan is first mentioned in 1137–1139 as Samadene, and in 1156 as Samadn. For 1288 there is evidence of a residential tower in the upper part of the village. In 1462 Samedan became the seat of lower jurisdiction. In the Swabian War of 1499, the village burned down. In 1551 the parish of Samedan, one of three large parishes in the Upper Engadin, converted to Protestantism. From the 16th century onwards, some families, especially the von Salis and von Planta, became very wealthy and had magnificent houses built in the village. They owed their financial success, among other things, to their political offices, but also to emigration and mercenary service abroad.

In the 19th century, trade and commerce developed earlier and faster in Samedan than anywhere else in the Engadin. Tourism began circa 1830: Hotels were built, mountains were climbed for the first time, and English tourists had an English church erected in 1872 (it was demolished in 1965). A golf course was built in 1893; the Muottas-Muragl-Bahn (a funicular railway) was constructed in 1907.

The first power station was built in 1888 and a major hospital in 1895. Banks and a printer settled in Samedan. In 1903 the town was connected to the Rhaetian Railway; it soon became the most important railway junction in the Engadin. The airfield was opened in 1937; the Protestant school, today's Academia Engiadina, in 1943. On 1 October 1943, Samedan was mistakenly bombed by American planes. Luckily, nobody was hurt. From the 1980s, the formerly Romansh farming village developed into a modern service centre, in which German speakers outnumber Romansh speakers.[4]

  • A photograph of Samedan in the circa 1870s
    A photograph of Samedan in the circa 1870s
  • Another photographic view of Samedan in the circa 1870s
    Another photographic view of Samedan in the circa 1870s
  • Aerial view (1954)
    Aerial view (1954)

Geography

[edit]
Samedan town hall in winter

Samedan has an area, (as of the 2004/09 survey) of 113.8 km2 (43.94 sq mi).[5] Of this area, about 15.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 9.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.9% is settled (buildings or roads) and 72.9% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 34 ha (84 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 120 ha (300 acres).[6]

Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district in the central Oberengadin valley along the Inn river. After 2017 it was part of the Maloja Region. It consists of the village of Samedan and the hamlet of Punt Muragl, the upper section of the Val Bever as well as an exclave that includes nearly the entire Val Roseg, a valley surrounded by the highest mountains of the canton: Piz Bernina, Piz Scerscen and Piz Roseg. Until 1943 Samedan was known as Samaden.[7]

Demographics

[edit]
Modern houses in Samedan

Samedan has a population (as of December 2020) of 2,923.[8] As of 2013, 23.6% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 3 years (2010–2013) the population has changed at a rate of 1.31%. The birth rate in the municipality, in 2013, was 8.3 while the death rate was 7.0 per thousand residents.[6]

As of 2013, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 18.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) are 64.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.3%.[6]

In 2013 there were 1,423 private households in Samedan. Of the 489 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 21.9% were single family homes and 47.6% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 22.5% of the buildings were built before 1919, while 9.4% were built between 1991 and 2000.[9] In 2012 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 31.86. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2014, was 2.14%.[6]

Historic population

[edit]

The historical population is given in the following chart:[10]

Languages

[edit]

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (61.5%), with Romansh being second most common (16.7%) and Italian being third (14.9%).[11] Originally, the entire population spoke the Upper-Engadin Romansh dialect of Putèr. Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline in the 19th century. In 1880, only 47% spoke Romansh as a first language, while in 1910, it was 45% and in 1941, it was 42%. The Romansh-speaking percentage dropped until, in 1970, only 31% spoke it as their first language. In the 1980s, Romansh speakers increased slightly, but since then, the proportion has decreased. However, in 2000, there were 42% who understood Romansh even if it was not their first language.

Languages of Samedan[12]
Languages Census 1970 Census 1980 Census 1990 Census 2000
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
German 1,096 42.6% 1,140 44.7% 1,567 54.5% 1,886 61.5%
Romansh 791 30.7% 841 32.9% 649 22.6% 511 16.7%
Italian 561 21.8% 451 17.7% 476 16.6% 458 14.9%
TOTAL 2,574 100% 2,553 100% 2,875 100% 3,069 100%

Politics

[edit]

In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the SVP with 23.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (22.5%), the BDP (19.6%) and the SP (16.4%). In the federal election, a total of 821 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.3%.[13]

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 30.6% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (28.7%), the FDP (28.2%) and the CVP (10.4%).[11]

Education

[edit]

In Samedan about 75.7% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).[11]

Transportation

[edit]
The airport in Samedan

It is the administrative center of the upper Engadin region, and services include a regional hospital (Spital Oberengadin), a major RhB railway station with regular trains towards Pontresina, Chur and St. Moritz, and a regional airport (Engadin Airport). Both the Bernina Express and Glacier Express trains pass Samedan.

The funicular Muottas-Muragl-Bahn leads to the top of Muottas Muragl (2454 m).

Economy

[edit]

As of  2012, there were a total of 2,891 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 26 people worked in 8 businesses in the primary economic sector. The secondary sector employed 500 workers in 51 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 2,365 jobs in 335 businesses. In 2013 a total of 31.9% of the population received social assistance.[6]

Heritage sites of national significance

[edit]

The Catholic Church of the Sacred Heart and the Library of Fundaziun de Planta are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance.[14]

  • Church of the Sacred Heart
    Church of the Sacred Heart
  • Biblioteca da la Fundaziun de Planta
    Biblioteca da la Fundaziun de Planta

Climate

[edit]

Köppen-Geiger climate classification classifies its climate as subarctic (Dfc). Between 1961 and 1990 Samedan had an average of 95.5 days of rain per year and on average received 700 mm (28 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was August during which time Samedan received an average of 99 mm (3.9 in) of precipitation. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 11.5 days. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 25 mm (0.98 in) of precipitation over 5 days.[15]

Climate data for Samedan (1981–2010) Extremes (1901–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 12.9
(55.2) 		11.7
(53.1) 		14.1
(57.4) 		21.0
(69.8) 		28.0
(82.4) 		32.0
(89.6) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.2
(84.6) 		25.1
(77.2) 		21.4
(70.5) 		17.0
(62.6) 		13.4
(56.1) 		32.0
(89.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.6
(29.1) 		0.5
(32.9) 		3.7
(38.7) 		7.4
(45.3) 		12.9
(55.2) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.3
(66.7) 		18.7
(65.7) 		14.9
(58.8) 		10.9
(51.6) 		3.7
(38.7) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		8.8
(47.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −9.1
(15.6) 		−7.8
(18.0) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.6
(43.9) 		9.9
(49.8) 		12.2
(54.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.9
(46.2) 		3.8
(38.8) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		2.0
(35.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −17.1
(1.2) 		−16.9
(1.6) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		2.5
(36.5) 		4.3
(39.7) 		4.1
(39.4) 		0.9
(33.6) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−9.3
(15.3) 		−14.6
(5.7) 		−5.4
(22.3)
Record low °C (°F) −36.9
(−34.4) 		−35.1
(−31.2) 		−30.0
(−22.0) 		−21.7
(−7.1) 		−18.6
(−1.5) 		−9.5
(14.9) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−6.7
(19.9) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−21.4
(−6.5) 		−29.9
(−21.8) 		−34.4
(−29.9) 		−36.9
(−34.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 28
(1.1) 		20
(0.8) 		26
(1.0) 		39
(1.5) 		78
(3.1) 		90
(3.5) 		93
(3.7) 		99
(3.9) 		73
(2.9) 		68
(2.7) 		61
(2.4) 		36
(1.4) 		713
(28.1)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 52.4
(20.6) 		38.9
(15.3) 		32.5
(12.8) 		23.5
(9.3) 		6.3
(2.5) 		0.6
(0.2) 		0.3
(0.1) 		0.3
(0.1) 		1.2
(0.5) 		8.1
(3.2) 		40.8
(16.1) 		49.9
(19.6) 		254.8
(100.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 5.3 4.2 4.8 6.0 9.3 10.3 10.0 10.5 7.8 7.6 7.0 6.0 88.8
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) 9.1 7.4 7.6 5.8 1.5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.6 2 6.8 9.1 50.4
Average relative humidity (%) 77.9 73.5 71.2 69.7 69.5 69.6 70.3 72.5 73.4 74.9 78.2 79.7 73.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 117 121 140 138 158 176 200 180 154 140 106 103 1,733
Source 1: MeteoSwiss [16]
Source 2: KNMI[17]

Cultural references

[edit]

The Upper Engadine Cultural Archives is housed in the Chesa Planta in Samedan.

James Bond escapes from Blofeld's base at Piz Gloria to Samedan in Ian Fleming's On Her Majesty's Secret Service where he is rescued by his future wife, Tracy.

The nineteenth century campaigner for women's rights and the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts, Josephine Butler, holidayed in Samedan in 1881 preferring it to Pontresina. She walked extensively with friends whilst her husband, because of his rheumatism, painted and sketched. He preached at the local Protestant church, which was largely run by another English clergyman Mr Eardley.[18]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeinden nach 4 Hauptbereichen". Federal Statistical Office. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  2. ^ "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeitskategorie Geschlecht und Gemeinde; Provisorische Jahresergebnisse; 2018". Federal Statistical Office. 9 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2019.
  3. ^ Hotel Bernina. baukultur.gr.ch (in German)
  4. ^ Samedan in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  5. ^ Arealstatistik Standard - Gemeindedaten nach 4 Hauptbereichen
  6. ^ a b c d e Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Regional portraits accessed 2 May 2016
  7. ^ Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz published by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office (in German) accessed 23 September 2009
  8. ^ "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  9. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Thema 09 – Bau- und Wohnungswesen (in German) accessed 5 May 2016
  10. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, 1850–2000 (in German) accessed 27 April 2016
  11. ^ a b c Swiss Federal Statistical Office accessed 20 October 2009
  12. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Wohnbevölkerung am wirtschaftlichen Wohnsitz nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Hauptsprache und Nationalität, 1970–2000 (in German) accessed 6 September 2016
  13. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden Archived 2 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine (in German) accessed 18 July 2016
  14. ^ "Swiss inventory of cultural property of national and regional significance". A-Objects. Federal Office for Cultural Protection (BABS). 1 January 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  15. ^ "Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961–1990" (in German, French, and Italian). Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology – MeteoSwiss. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 8 May 2009., the weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.
  16. ^ "Climate Norm Value Tables". Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations. Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 23 January 2013. The weather station elevation is 1708 meters above sea level.
  17. ^ "Samedan extreme values". KNMI. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
  18. ^ Diary of stay in the Engadine held at Women's Library London
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Samedan.
[edit]
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