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Coordinates: 48°24′10″N 11°44′56″E / 48.40278°N 11.74889°E / 48.40278; 11.74889
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{{Short description|Town in Bavaria, Germany}}
{{For|the district|Freising (district)}}
{{For|the district|Freising (district)}}
{{Infobox German location
{{Infobox German location
|type = Stadt
|type = Stadt
|image_coa = Wappen von Freising.svg
|image_coa = DEU Freising COA.svg
|image_photo = Domberg FS.jpg
|image_photo = Domberg FS.jpg
|image_caption = Domberg (cathedral hill) Freising
|image_caption = Domberg (cathedral hill) Freising
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}}
}}


'''Freising''' ({{IPA-de|ˈfʁaɪzɪŋ}}) is a [[Town#Germany|town]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]], and the capital of the [[Freising (district)|Freising]] [[Districts of Germany|''Landkreis'' (district)]], with a population of about 50,000.
'''Freising''' ({{IPA|de|ˈfʁaɪzɪŋ}}) is a university [[Town#Germany|town]] in [[Bavaria]], [[Germany]], and the capital of the [[Freising (district)|Freising]] [[Districts of Germany|''Landkreis'' (district)]], with a population of about 50,000.


== Location ==
== Location ==


Freising is the oldest town between [[Regensburg]] and [[Bolzano]] and located in [[Upper Bavaria]] north of [[Munich]], near [[Munich International Airport]], on the [[Isar]] river. There are two hills, the cathedral hill with the bishop's castle and [[Freising cathedral]], and [[Weihenstephan]] Hill with [[Weihenstephan Abbey]], the oldest working brewery in the world. It was also the first recorded place of a European tornado. The city is 448 meters above sea level.
Freising is the oldest town between [[Regensburg]] and [[Bolzano]], and is located on the [[Isar]] river in [[Upper Bavaria]], north of [[Munich]] and near the [[Munich International Airport]]. The city is built on and around two prominent hills: the Cathedral Hill with the former Bishop's Residence and [[Freising cathedral|Freising Cathedral]], and [[Weihenstephan]] Hill with the former [[Weihenstephan Abbey]], containing the oldest working brewery in the world. It was also the location of the first recorded tornado in Europe. The city is 448 meters above sea level.


==Cultural significance==
==Cultural significance==
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==History==
==History==
Even though archaeological finds show that the area was settled in the [[Bronze Age]], no proof has been found yet to suggest a continuous settlement until the 8th century AD ''Frigisinga''.
Even though archaeological finds show that the area was settled in the [[Stone Age|late Stone Age]] and [[Bronze Age]], no proof has been found yet to suggest a continuous settlement until the 8th century AD.


Around 700 AD the Frankish [[Agilolfings|Agilolfing]] dukes built a simple palace on the highest hill in Freising as part of its [[Duchy of Bavaria]].<ref>Geschichte der Stadt Freising.https://www.freising.de/stadtportraet/geschichte-der-stadt-freising</ref>
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In 724 AD, Saint [[Corbinian]] was sent to Bavaria by the Catholic Church to spread Christianity. On a mountain near Freising, where there was already a sanctuary, Corbinian erected a Benedictine monastery and a school. According to his ''Vita'' by Bishop [[Arbeo of Freising|Arbeo]], Corbinian was on his way to Rome when his [[packhorse]] was attacked and killed by a wild bear. By divine power, Corbinian ordered the bear to carry his luggage over the [[Alps]]. When he finally arrived in Rome he let the bear free. The saddled bear is still the symbol of the city, displayed in the coat of arms, as well as statues and paintings.<ref>Bishop Corbinian and his bear – and Freising. https://tourismus.freising.de/en/sights/domberg-cathedral-hill/the-story-of-corbinian-the-bear.html</ref>


In 724 AD, the Frankish Saint [[Corbinian]] was sent to the Duchy of Bavaria by the Catholic Church to [[Christianisation of the Germanic peoples|spread Christianity]]. On the highest hill in Freising, where there was already a simple sanctuary, Corbinian erected a [[Benedictines|Benedictine]] monastery and a school, to help preach the Gospel to the [[Baiuvarii|local people]].
After Corbinian's death, [[Saint Boniface]] established Freising as a Catholic [[diocese]].


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According to his ''Vita'' by Bishop [[Arbeo of Freising|Arbeo]], Corbinian was on his way to [[Rome]] when his [[packhorse]] was attacked and killed by a wild bear. By divine power, Corbinian ordered the bear to carry his luggage over the [[Alps]]. When he finally arrived in Rome he let the bear free. The saddled bear is still the symbol of the city, displayed in the coat of arms, as well as statues and paintings.<ref>Bishop Corbinian and his bear – and Freising. https://tourismus.freising.de/en/sights/domberg-cathedral-hill/the-story-of-corbinian-the-bear.html</ref> After Corbinian's death, [[Saint Boniface]] established Freising as a Catholic [[diocese]]. Between 764–783, Bishop [[Arbeo]] founded a library and a ''[[scriptorium]]'' (writing room) at the abbey. The settlement started to become a religious centre.
Between 764-783, Bishop [[Arbeo]] founded a library and [[scriptorium]] at the abbey. The settlement started to become a religious centre.


The [[tornado records|earliest recorded tornado]] in Europe struck Freising in 788.<ref>Dr. R. Hennig, Katalog bemerkenswerter Witterungsereignisse. Berlin 1904; Originalquellen: Aventinus (Turmair), Johannes (gest. 1534): Annales Boiorum. Mit Nachtrag. Leipzig 1710; Annales Fuldenses, Chronik des Klosters Fulda. Bei Marquard Freher: Germanicarum rerum scriptores ua Frankfurt aM 1600–1611)</ref><ref>"Tornadoliste Deutschland". https://tornadoliste.de/788. German meteorological list of documented tornadoes</ref>
The [[tornado records|earliest recorded tornado]] in Europe struck Freising in 788.<ref>Dr. R. Hennig, Katalog bemerkenswerter Witterungsereignisse. Berlin 1904; Originalquellen: Aventinus (Turmair), Johannes (gest. 1534): Annales Boiorum. Mit Nachtrag. Leipzig 1710; Annales Fuldenses, Chronik des Klosters Fulda. Bei Marquard Freher: Germanicarum rerum scriptores ua Frankfurt aM 1600–1611)</ref><ref>"Tornadoliste Deutschland". https://tornadoliste.de/788. German meteorological list of documented tornadoes</ref>


The mortal remains of [[Pope Alexander I]] are said to have been transferred to Freising in 834.
The mortal remains of [[Pope Alexander I]] are said to have been transferred to Freising in 834. In 996, Freising received city rights from Emperor [[Otto III]].


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As early as the 10th century, in order to collect additional revenue, monks were sent from Freising down the [[Isar]] River to build a toll bridge on the [[Salt Road]] between Salzburg and Augsburg. This village would be later known as München (or [[Munich]], which means 'of the monks'). By 1158, [[Henry the Lion|Duke Henry the Lion]] destroyed the bridge and customs building and built new ones closer to his home further downriver, (near the center of modern downtown Munich), so that he could collect the revenue instead.<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Archdiocese of Munich-Freising |volume= 10 |last= Lins |first= Joseph |author-link= |short=1}}</ref>
In 996, Freising received city rights from Emperor [[Otto III]].


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The construction of the [[Freising Cathedral]] in its current [[Romanesque architecture|romanesque]] style started in 1159 and was completed in 1205. The Romanesque wooden ceiling was replaced by a gothic vault in 1481–1483.<ref>Hermann-Joseph Busley: Die Geschichte des Freisinger Domkapitels von den Anfängen bis zur Wende des 14./15. Jahrhunderts. Dissertation, Universität München 1956.</ref>
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As early as the 10th century, in order to collect additional revenue, monks were sent from Freising down the [[Isar]] River to build a toll bridge on the [[Salt Road]] between Salzburg and Augsburg. This village would be later known as München (or [[Munich]], which means 'of the monks'). By 1158, [[Henry the Lion|Duke Henry the Lion]] destroyed the bridge and customs building and built new ones closer to his home further downriver, (near the spot of modern downtown Munich-Marienplatz), so that he could collect the revenue instead. (Link, [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_%281913%29/Munich-Freising?oldid=346185 Catholic Encyclopedia], 1913)


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Freising went through difficult times during the [[Thirty Years' War]]. In 1632, the Swedish King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustavus Adolphus]] came through Freising on his way to Munich. He demanded 30,000 guilders as the sum to protect the city from destruction. Nevertheless, his army sacked the city. Hunger and plague raged when the Swedes invaded the city again in 1646. In 1674, the Church placed a statue of the Virgin Mary in the city square as a sign that war and plague had been overcome.<ref>Süddeutsche Zeiting (21 August, 2019). Erpresserische Schweden - Ein Dokument aus dem Stadtarchiv belegt, wie Freising im Dreißigjährigen Krieg mit einer Brandschatzungssteuer vor der Zerstörung bewahrt werden konnte. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/freising/freisinger-geschichte-erpresserische-schweden-1.4571477</ref>
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The construction of the [[Freising Cathedral]] in its current [[Romanesque architecture|romanesque]] style started in 1159 and was completed in 1205. The romanesque wooden ceiling was replaced by a gothic vault in 1481–3.<ref>Hermann-Joseph Busley: Die Geschichte des Freisinger Domkapitels von den Anfängen bis zur Wende des 14./15. Jahrhunderts. Dissertation, Universität München 1956.</ref>


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A wave of [[Witch-hunt|witch hunts]] and trials broke out from 1715–1717 in Freising, and again in 1721–1723. Most of the accused were child beggars. Several children were executed.<ref>Rainer Beck: Mäuselmacher oder die Imagination des Bösen – Ein Hexenprozess 1715–1723. 2. Auflage. C. H. Beck, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-62187-1.</ref>
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Freising went through difficult times during the [[Thirty Years' War]]. In 1632 the Swedish King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden|Gustavus Adolphus]] came through Freising on his way to Munich. He demanded 30,000 guilders as the sum to protect the city from destruction. Nevertheless his army sacked the city. Hunger and plague raged when the Swedes invaded the city again in 1646. In 1674 the Church placed a statue of the Virgin Mary in the city square as a sign that war and plague had been overcome.<ref>Süddeutsche Zeiting (21 August, 2019). Erpresserische Schweden - Ein Dokument aus dem Stadtarchiv belegt, wie Freising im Dreißigjährigen Krieg mit einer Brandschatzungssteuer vor der Zerstörung bewahrt werden konnte. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/freising/freisinger-geschichte-erpresserische-schweden-1.4571477</ref>

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A wave of [[Witch-hunt|witch hunts]] and trials broke out from 1715-1717 in Freising, and again in 1721-1723. Most of the accused were child beggers. Several children were executed.<ref>Rainer Beck: Mäuselmacher oder die Imagination des Bösen – Ein Hexenprozess 1715–1723. 2. Auflage. C. H. Beck, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-62187-1.</ref>


In 1802/1803 Bavaria fell under the influence of Napoleonic France in which church controlled lands were [[German mediatisation|secularized]]. In Freising, the more than thousand-year-old bishopric was abolished. The Roman Catholic Church lost most of its properties and authority over the city.<ref>Sigmund Benker, Marianne Baumann-Engels: Freising. 1250 Jahre Geistliche Stadt. Ausstellung im Diözesanmuseum und in den historischen Räumen des Dombergs in Freising, 10. Juni bis 19. November 1989. Wewel, München 1989, ISBN 3-87904-162-8.</ref>
In 1802/1803 Bavaria fell under the influence of Napoleonic France in which church controlled lands were [[German mediatisation|secularized]]. In Freising, the more than thousand-year-old bishopric was abolished. The Roman Catholic Church lost most of its properties and authority over the city.<ref>Sigmund Benker, Marianne Baumann-Engels: Freising. 1250 Jahre Geistliche Stadt. Ausstellung im Diözesanmuseum und in den historischen Räumen des Dombergs in Freising, 10. Juni bis 19. November 1989. Wewel, München 1989, ISBN 3-87904-162-8.</ref>
Though the seat of the diocese was moved to Munich in 1821, including the elevation to an arch-diocese, Freising has remained the seat of diocese administration until today.
Though the seat of the diocese was moved to Munich in 1821, including the elevation to an archdiocese, Freising has remained the seat of diocesan administration until today.


In 1858 the [[Bavarian Eastern Railway Company]] built the first railway line from Munich to Freising, Landshut and Regensburg for passenger and rail traffic.<ref>150 Jahre Eisenbahnstrecke München–Landshut 1858 bis 2008, Siegfried Haberstetter, Erich Bockschweiger, 2008.</ref>
In 1858 the [[Bavarian Eastern Railway Company]] built the first railway line from Munich to Freising, Landshut and Regensburg for passenger and rail traffic.<ref>150 Jahre Eisenbahnstrecke München–Landshut 1858 bis 2008, Siegfried Haberstetter, Erich Bockschweiger, 2008.</ref>
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Near the [[Western Allied invasion of Germany|end of the Second World War]], Allied aircraft bombed Freising on April 18, 1945. By April 30, units of the US Army arrived in Freising.<ref>Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Freising von 1945 bis 1950. 21. Sammelblatt des Historischen Vereins Freising für das Jahr 1950. Neue Münchner Verlags – G.m.b.H., München 1950.</ref>
Near the [[Western Allied invasion of Germany|end of the Second World War]], Allied aircraft bombed Freising on April 18, 1945. By April 30, units of the US Army arrived in Freising.<ref>Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Freising von 1945 bis 1950. 21. Sammelblatt des Historischen Vereins Freising für das Jahr 1950. Neue Münchner Verlags – G.m.b.H., München 1950.</ref>


In 1998, [[Mamdouh Mahmud Salim]], also known as Abu Hajir al-Iraqi, a key figure in the founding of [[al-Qaeda]] and a trusted associate of [[Osama bin Laden|Osama Bin Laden]], was apprehended in Freising.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Steinberg |first=Guido |title=German Jihad: On the Internationalization of Islamist Terrorism |date=2013 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-50053-1 |series=Columbia studies in terrorism and irregular warfare |location=New York, NY |pages=37 |chapter=Two Hamburg Cells: A History of Jihadist Terrorism in Germany}}</ref>
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In 2006, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] (Joseph Ratzinger) visited Freising during a papal visit. Ratzinger was formerly archbishop of Munich/Freising from 1977 to 1982.<ref>"Wer glaubt ist nie allein." Der Besuch Papst Benedikt XVI. in Bayern 2006. https://www.erzbistum-muenchen.de/ueber-uns/dioezesangeschichte/papst-benedikt-xvi/und-das-erzbistum/cont/74156</ref>


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In 2006, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] visited Freising during a papal visit. He was formerly archbishop of Munich/Freising from 1977 to 1982.<ref>"Wer glaubt ist nie allein." Der Besuch Papst Benedikt XVI. in Bayern 2006. https://www.erzbistum-muenchen.de/ueber-uns/dioezesangeschichte/papst-benedikt-xvi/und-das-erzbistum/cont/74156</ref>
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==Education==
{{expand section|date=September 2013}}
Schools include:
* [[Camerloher-Gymnasium Freising]]
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* [[Dom-Gymnasium Freising]]
* [[Josef-Hofmiller-Gymnasium]]


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== Education and research ==
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Universities include:
* [[Hochschule Weihenstephan-Triesdorf]]
* [[TU-München Weihenstephan]]


==See also==
=== Schools ===
There are several elementary schools in the city of Freising. The St. Korbinian elementary school is located in the city center, the Neustift elementary school in Neustift, the St. Lantbert elementary school in Lerchenfeld and the Paul-Gerhardt elementary school in the north of the city. Another elementary school is the Vötting Elementary School, to which the schoolhouse in Pulling also belongs.
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{{Portal|Germany}}

*[[Prince-Bishopric of Freising]]
Secondary schools include the three secondary schools Neustift, Paul-Gerhard and Lerchenfeld. The first two are located at the sites of the elementary schools of the same names. The Karl-Meichelbeck-Realschule is located in the immediate vicinity of the Paul-Gerhard-Schule. At Guten Änger in Lerchenfeld, the new [[Montessori school]] building was opened in 2015 and a second [[Realschule]] in 2018. The Wippenhauser Straße is home to the Wirtschaftsschule and the [[Fachoberschule]]/[[Berufsoberschule]]. The oldest of Freising's three high schools is the Dom-Gymnasium on the Domberg. The Camerloher-Gymnasium is one of the few artistic grammar schools. The [[Josef-Hofmiller-Gymnasium]], which emerged from the Dom-Gymnasium, is Freising's largest grammar school.

The Freising Vocational School and the Vocational School for Child Care are located in the same building. The latter is a full-time school that trains [[pediatric nurses]] in two years. The vocational school for nursing is affiliated with the Freising Clinic. The Weihenstephan State Vocational School for [[Floral art|Floral Art]] offers advanced training to become a state-certified designer for floral art.

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=== Universities ===
The Freising-Weihenstephan campus is an extensive complex of higher education institutions and research institutes in the western urban area of Freising, in the [[Weihenstephan]] and Vötting districts. It has been developed into the so-called "Green Center of Bavaria" for decades and continues to be modernized and designed as a "science and research campus". It includes not only the "[[TUM School of Life Sciences|Center of Life Sciences]]", the Weihenstephan Science Center for Nutrition, Land Use and Environment of the [[Technical University of Munich]], but also the most important part of the [[Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Science|Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences]].

The Freising Clinic is an academic teaching hospital of the [[Technical University of Munich]]. It is located north of the old town.

=== Research and education centers ===
Several research centers have been established in the vicinity of the two universities, i.e. mostly located on campus. The TUM Weihenstephan Research Center for Brewing and Food Quality, the TUM Central Institute for Nutrition and Food Research and the TUM Hans Eisenmann Center for Agricultural Sciences belong to the [[Technical University of Munich]]. The Bavarian State Institute of Agriculture and the Bavarian State Institute of Forestry and Forestry are authorities of the [[Bavaria|Free State of Bavaria]].

Other non-university institutions include the German Research Institute for Food Chemistry, the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, DEULA Bavaria and the IZB Freising-Weihenstephan start-up center for green biotechnology.

In addition to the natural sciences and technology, there are facilities in the area of religious education. The Institut für Theologische und Pastorale Fortbildung Freising is dedicated to the continuing education of pastoral counselors. The Kardinal-Döpfner-Haus educational center is also located in the former residence on the Domberg. Further offers are provided by the Katholisches Kreisbildungswerk and the Pallotti-Haus, a Christian educational house and therapy center.

=== Libraries ===
The oldest library in Freising is the Freising Cathedral Library, located on the Domberg. This was founded by Bishop Arbeo and is the central library of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Munich and Freising|Archdiocese of Munich and Freising]] and one of the largest church libraries in [[Germany]]. The city library was founded in 1959. The central library of the [[Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Science|Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences]] is located in the [[Hofgarten (Munich)|Hofgarten]] in [[Weihenstephan]]. Also in [[Weihenstephan]] is a branch library of the University Library of the [[Technical University of Munich]].

=== City archive ===
The Stadtarchiv Freising is a scientific institution of the city of Freising. It holds documents from the 14th century to the present day. It has existed as an institution since 1909. It is a public institution, open to all citizens and offers a reference library with about 4500 volumes in a reading room.

Since 2003, the Freising Municipal Archives have been temporarily located in the "Haus der Vereine" (House of Associations), a barracks building of the Jägerkaserne (Vimy Barracks from 1938), which was built in 1906 and has since been abandoned. It will remain in this listed building until a new building is realized in Fischergasse, east of the former prison.


==Twin towns – sister cities==
==Twin towns – sister cities==
[[File:Freising - Marienplatz mit Rathaus, Brunnen.jpg|thumb|[[Marienplatz (Freising)|Marienplatz]]]]
[[File:Freising - Marienplatz mit Rathaus.jpg|thumb|[[Marienplatz (Freising)|Marienplatz]]]]
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}
Freising is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Partnerstädte|url=https://www.partnerschaftsverein-freising.de/partnerstaedte.htm|website=partnerschaftsverein-freising.de|publisher=Partnerschaftsverein Freising|language=de|access-date=2021-02-03}}</ref>
Freising is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Partnerstädte|url=https://www.partnerschaftsverein-freising.de/partnerstaedte.htm|website=partnerschaftsverein-freising.de|publisher=Partnerschaftsverein Freising|language=de|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2021-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218053424/https://www.partnerschaftsverein-freising.de/partnerstaedte.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
{{div col|colwidth=21em}}
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Arpajon]], France (1991)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Arpajon]], France (1991)
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{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==Famous citizens==
==Notable people==
* [[Otto of Freising]] (1112–1158), bishop.
* [[Otto of Freising]] (1112–1158), bishop
* [[Mair von Landshut]], late 15th-century artist, was a citizen and probably born in Freising.
* [[Mair von Landshut]], late 15th-century artist, was a citizen and probably born in Freising
* [[Georg Eder]] (1523–1587), jurist and historian
* The Bavarian General and War Minister [[Benignus von Safferling|Benignus Ritter von Safferling]] (1825–1895) was born in Freising.
* [[Georg Eder]] (1523-1587), jurist and historian
* [[Martin Ruland the Elder]] (1532–1602), physician and alchemist
* [[Martin Ruland the Elder]] (1532-1602), physician and alchemist
* [[Johann Stadlmayr]] (1575–1648), court music director and composer
* [[Johann Stadlmayr]] (1575-1648), court music director and composer
* [[Benignus von Safferling]] (1824–1899), Bavarian General and Minister of War
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* [[Ludwig Prandtl]] (1875–1953), physicist
* [[Benignus von Safferling]] (1824-1899), Bavarian General and Minister of War
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* [[Ernst Kraus (geologist)|Ernst Kraus]] (1889–1970), a German geologist
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* [[Ludwig Prandtl]] (1875-1953), physicist
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* [[Karl Maria Demelhuber]] (1896–1988), SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS
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* [[Ernst Kraus]] (1889-1970), a German geologist
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* [[Anton Schlüter München|Anton Schlüter]] (died 1999), tractor manufacturer
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* [[Karl Maria Demelhuber]] (1896-1988), SS-Obergruppenführer and General of the Waffen-SS
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* [[Anton Schlüter München|Anton Schlüter]] (d.1999), tractor manufacturer
* [[Jost Raba]] (1900–2000), violinist
* [[Jost Raba]] (1900–2000), violinist
* [[Karl Gustav Fellerer]] (1902-1984), a German musicologist
* [[Karl Gustav Fellerer]] (1902–1984), a German musicologist
* [[Albrecht Obermaier]] (1912-2004), German naval officer, last deputy naval officer of the Bundesmarine
* [[Albrecht Obermaier]] (1912–2004), German naval officer, last deputy naval officer of the Bundesmarine
* [[Pope Benedict XVI]] (born 1927), Pope from 2005-2013
* [[Pope Benedict XVI]] (1927–2022), Pope from 2005–2013
* [[Karl Huber]] (1928-2009), German painter and sculptor
* [[Karl Huber]] (1928–2009), German painter and sculptor
* {{ill|Heinrich Reinhardt (priest)|de|Heinrich Reinhardt (Philosoph)|lt=Heinrich Reinhardt}} (born 1947), Roman Catholic priest and professor of philosophy
* {{ill|Heinrich Reinhardt (priest)|de|Heinrich Reinhardt (Philosoph)|lt=Heinrich Reinhardt}} (born 1947), Roman Catholic priest and professor of philosophy
* [[Peter Neumair]] (born 1950), wrestler
* [[Peter Neumair]] (born 1950), wrestler
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* [[Maximilian Haas]] (born 1985), footballer
* [[Maximilian Haas]] (born 1985), footballer
* [[Maximilian Wittek]] (born 1995), footballer
* [[Maximilian Wittek]] (born 1995), footballer
* [[Veit Arnpeck]] (about 1440), Bavarian chronicler
* [[Veit Arnpeck]] ({{Circa|1440}}), Bavarian chronicler
* [[Benignus von Safferling]] (1824-1899), [[General]] of the Bavarian Army and [[Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)|War Minister]]
* [[Benignus von Safferling]] (1824–1899), [[General]] of the Bavarian Army and [[Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)|War Minister]]
*[[Oskar von Niedermayer|Oskar Knight of Niedermayer]] (1885-1948), officer and adventurer
*[[Oskar von Niedermayer]] (1885–1948), officer and adventurer


==Points of interest==
==Points of interest==
* [[Freising cathedral]]
* [[Freising cathedral|Freising Cathedral]]
* [[Church of St. Georg (Freising)|St. Georg Church]]
* [[Church of St. Georg (Freising)|St. Georg Church]]
* [[Sichtungsgarten Weihenstephan]], a notable [[horticulture|horticultural]] garden
* [[Sichtungsgarten Weihenstephan]], a notable [[horticulture|horticultural]] garden
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<gallery perrow="4">
<gallery perrow="4">
File:Freisinger_Dom_(von_St._Georg).jpg|Freising cathedral
File:Freisinger Dom (von St. Georg).jpg|Freising Cathedral
File:Freising Dom St. Maria & Korbinian Innen 05.JPG|Cathedral interior
File:Freising_Dom_St._Maria_%26_Korbinian_Innen_05.JPG|Inside the cathedral
File:Freising_residenz.jpg|Bishop castle
File:Freising residenz.jpg|Bishop's Residence
File:Freising marienplatz.jpg|St. Georg church
File:Freising marienplatz.jpg|Town Hall and St. George's Church
File:Alte_Poststra%C3%9Fe_42_St._Peter_und_Paul_Freising-5.jpg|Monastery Neustift
File:Alte Poststraße 42 St. Peter und Paul Freising-5.jpg|Neustift Abbey
File:Freising_-_Lyceum.jpg|Asam theater
File:Freising - Lyceum.jpg|Asam Building
File:Brauerei_Weihenstephan.jpg|Weihenstephan brewery
File:Brauerei Weihenstephan.jpg|Weihenstephan Brewery
File:Hofbraeuhaus_freising.jpg|Hofbräuhaus brewery
File:Hofbraeuhaus freising.jpg|Hofbrauhaus Brewery
</gallery>
</gallery>

==Sports==
Freising has 4 sport clubs: [[SC Eintracht Freising|SE Freising]], [[SV Vötting-Weihenstephan]], SC Freising, and SG Eichenfeld.

== See also ==
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{{Portal|Germany
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⚫
*[[Prince-Bishopric of Freising]]


==References==
==References==
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*{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}
*{{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}
*[https://www.bsb-muenchen.de/ Bavarian state library]
*[https://www.bsb-muenchen.de/ Bavarian state library]
*[http://www.hickerphoto.com/freising-photos.htm Pictures of Freising]
*[http://www.hickerphoto.com/freising-photos.htm Pictures of Freising] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927010758/http://www.hickerphoto.com/freising-photos.htm |date=2011-09-27 }}
*[https://www.tracesofevil.com/search/label/Freising/ Freising during the Third Reich]
*[https://www.tracesofevil.com/search/label/Freising/ Freising during the Third Reich]


Revision as of 09:12, 20 August 2024

For the district, see Freising (district).
Freising
Town
Domberg (cathedral hill) Freising
Domberg (cathedral hill) Freising
Coat of arms of Freising
Coat of arms
Location of Freising within Freising district
Dachau (district)Erding (district)Kelheim (district)LandshutLandshut (district)Munich (district)Pfaffenhofen (district)AllershausenAttenkirchenAu in der HallertauEchingFahrenzhausenFreisingGammelsdorfHaag an der AmperHallbergmoosHörgertshausenHohenkammerKirchdorf an der AmperKranzbergLangenbachMarzlingMauernMoosburg an der IsarNandlstadtNeufahrn bei FreisingRudelzhausenWangWolfersdorfPaunzhausenZolling
Freising is located in Germany
Freising
Freising
Freising is located in Bavaria
Freising
Freising
Coordinates: 48°24′10″N 11°44′56″E / 48.40278°N 11.74889°E / 48.40278; 11.74889
CountryGermany
StateBavaria
Admin. regionOberbayern
DistrictFreising
Subdivisions29 Stadtteile
Government
 • Lord mayor (2020–26) Tobias Eschenbacher[1]
Area
 • Total88.45 km2 (34.15 sq mi)
Elevation
448 m (1,470 ft)
Population
 (2023-12-31)[2]
 • Total49,939
 • Density560/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
85354, 85356
Dialling codes08161
Vehicle registrationFS
Websitewww.freising.de

Freising (German pronunciation: [ˈfʁaɪzɪŋ]) is a university town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the Freising Landkreis (district), with a population of about 50,000.

Location

Freising is the oldest town between Regensburg and Bolzano, and is located on the Isar river in Upper Bavaria, north of Munich and near the Munich International Airport. The city is built on and around two prominent hills: the Cathedral Hill with the former Bishop's Residence and Freising Cathedral, and Weihenstephan Hill with the former Weihenstephan Abbey, containing the oldest working brewery in the world. It was also the location of the first recorded tornado in Europe. The city is 448 meters above sea level.

Cultural significance

Freising is one of the oldest settlements in Bavaria, becoming a major religious centre in the early Middle Ages. It is the centre of an important diocese. Some important historical documents were created between 900 and 1200 in its monastery:

The above and other scripts from that time can be found in the "Bayerische Staatsbibliothek" (Bavarian State Library) in Munich.

History

Even though archaeological finds show that the area was settled in the late Stone Age and Bronze Age, no proof has been found yet to suggest a continuous settlement until the 8th century AD.

Around 700 AD the Frankish Agilolfing dukes built a simple palace on the highest hill in Freising as part of its Duchy of Bavaria.[3]

In 724 AD, the Frankish Saint Corbinian was sent to the Duchy of Bavaria by the Catholic Church to spread Christianity. On the highest hill in Freising, where there was already a simple sanctuary, Corbinian erected a Benedictine monastery and a school, to help preach the Gospel to the local people.

According to his Vita by Bishop Arbeo, Corbinian was on his way to Rome when his packhorse was attacked and killed by a wild bear. By divine power, Corbinian ordered the bear to carry his luggage over the Alps. When he finally arrived in Rome he let the bear free. The saddled bear is still the symbol of the city, displayed in the coat of arms, as well as statues and paintings.[4] After Corbinian's death, Saint Boniface established Freising as a Catholic diocese. Between 764–783, Bishop Arbeo founded a library and a scriptorium (writing room) at the abbey. The settlement started to become a religious centre.

The earliest recorded tornado in Europe struck Freising in 788.[5][6]

The mortal remains of Pope Alexander I are said to have been transferred to Freising in 834. In 996, Freising received city rights from Emperor Otto III.

As early as the 10th century, in order to collect additional revenue, monks were sent from Freising down the Isar River to build a toll bridge on the Salt Road between Salzburg and Augsburg. This village would be later known as München (or Munich, which means 'of the monks'). By 1158, Duke Henry the Lion destroyed the bridge and customs building and built new ones closer to his home further downriver, (near the center of modern downtown Munich), so that he could collect the revenue instead.[7]

The construction of the Freising Cathedral in its current romanesque style started in 1159 and was completed in 1205. The Romanesque wooden ceiling was replaced by a gothic vault in 1481–1483.[8]

Freising went through difficult times during the Thirty Years' War. In 1632, the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus came through Freising on his way to Munich. He demanded 30,000 guilders as the sum to protect the city from destruction. Nevertheless, his army sacked the city. Hunger and plague raged when the Swedes invaded the city again in 1646. In 1674, the Church placed a statue of the Virgin Mary in the city square as a sign that war and plague had been overcome.[9]

A wave of witch hunts and trials broke out from 1715–1717 in Freising, and again in 1721–1723. Most of the accused were child beggars. Several children were executed.[10]

In 1802/1803 Bavaria fell under the influence of Napoleonic France in which church controlled lands were secularized. In Freising, the more than thousand-year-old bishopric was abolished. The Roman Catholic Church lost most of its properties and authority over the city.[11] Though the seat of the diocese was moved to Munich in 1821, including the elevation to an archdiocese, Freising has remained the seat of diocesan administration until today.

In 1858 the Bavarian Eastern Railway Company built the first railway line from Munich to Freising, Landshut and Regensburg for passenger and rail traffic.[12]

Near the end of the Second World War, Allied aircraft bombed Freising on April 18, 1945. By April 30, units of the US Army arrived in Freising.[13]

In 1998, Mamdouh Mahmud Salim, also known as Abu Hajir al-Iraqi, a key figure in the founding of al-Qaeda and a trusted associate of Osama Bin Laden, was apprehended in Freising.[14]

In 2006, Pope Benedict XVI visited Freising during a papal visit. He was formerly archbishop of Munich/Freising from 1977 to 1982.[15]

Education and research

Schools

There are several elementary schools in the city of Freising. The St. Korbinian elementary school is located in the city center, the Neustift elementary school in Neustift, the St. Lantbert elementary school in Lerchenfeld and the Paul-Gerhardt elementary school in the north of the city. Another elementary school is the Vötting Elementary School, to which the schoolhouse in Pulling also belongs.

Secondary schools include the three secondary schools Neustift, Paul-Gerhard and Lerchenfeld. The first two are located at the sites of the elementary schools of the same names. The Karl-Meichelbeck-Realschule is located in the immediate vicinity of the Paul-Gerhard-Schule. At Guten Änger in Lerchenfeld, the new Montessori school building was opened in 2015 and a second Realschule in 2018. The Wippenhauser Straße is home to the Wirtschaftsschule and the Fachoberschule/Berufsoberschule. The oldest of Freising's three high schools is the Dom-Gymnasium on the Domberg. The Camerloher-Gymnasium is one of the few artistic grammar schools. The Josef-Hofmiller-Gymnasium, which emerged from the Dom-Gymnasium, is Freising's largest grammar school.

The Freising Vocational School and the Vocational School for Child Care are located in the same building. The latter is a full-time school that trains pediatric nurses in two years. The vocational school for nursing is affiliated with the Freising Clinic. The Weihenstephan State Vocational School for Floral Art offers advanced training to become a state-certified designer for floral art.

Universities

The Freising-Weihenstephan campus is an extensive complex of higher education institutions and research institutes in the western urban area of Freising, in the Weihenstephan and Vötting districts. It has been developed into the so-called "Green Center of Bavaria" for decades and continues to be modernized and designed as a "science and research campus". It includes not only the "Center of Life Sciences", the Weihenstephan Science Center for Nutrition, Land Use and Environment of the Technical University of Munich, but also the most important part of the Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences.

The Freising Clinic is an academic teaching hospital of the Technical University of Munich. It is located north of the old town.

Research and education centers

Several research centers have been established in the vicinity of the two universities, i.e. mostly located on campus. The TUM Weihenstephan Research Center for Brewing and Food Quality, the TUM Central Institute for Nutrition and Food Research and the TUM Hans Eisenmann Center for Agricultural Sciences belong to the Technical University of Munich. The Bavarian State Institute of Agriculture and the Bavarian State Institute of Forestry and Forestry are authorities of the Free State of Bavaria.

Other non-university institutions include the German Research Institute for Food Chemistry, the Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging, DEULA Bavaria and the IZB Freising-Weihenstephan start-up center for green biotechnology.

In addition to the natural sciences and technology, there are facilities in the area of religious education. The Institut für Theologische und Pastorale Fortbildung Freising is dedicated to the continuing education of pastoral counselors. The Kardinal-Döpfner-Haus educational center is also located in the former residence on the Domberg. Further offers are provided by the Katholisches Kreisbildungswerk and the Pallotti-Haus, a Christian educational house and therapy center.

Libraries

The oldest library in Freising is the Freising Cathedral Library, located on the Domberg. This was founded by Bishop Arbeo and is the central library of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising and one of the largest church libraries in Germany. The city library was founded in 1959. The central library of the Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences is located in the Hofgarten in Weihenstephan. Also in Weihenstephan is a branch library of the University Library of the Technical University of Munich.

City archive

The Stadtarchiv Freising is a scientific institution of the city of Freising. It holds documents from the 14th century to the present day. It has existed as an institution since 1909. It is a public institution, open to all citizens and offers a reference library with about 4500 volumes in a reading room.

Since 2003, the Freising Municipal Archives have been temporarily located in the "Haus der Vereine" (House of Associations), a barracks building of the Jägerkaserne (Vimy Barracks from 1938), which was built in 1906 and has since been abandoned. It will remain in this listed building until a new building is realized in Fischergasse, east of the former prison.

Twin towns – sister cities

Marienplatz
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany

Freising is twinned with:[16]

Notable people

Points of interest

  • Freising Cathedral
    Freising Cathedral
  • Cathedral interior
    Cathedral interior
  • Bishop's Residence
    Bishop's Residence
  • Town Hall and St. George's Church
    Town Hall and St. George's Church
  • Neustift Abbey
    Neustift Abbey
  • Asam Building
    Asam Building
  • Weihenstephan Brewery
    Weihenstephan Brewery
  • Hofbrauhaus Brewery
    Hofbrauhaus Brewery

Sports

Freising has 4 sport clubs: SE Freising, SV Vötting-Weihenstephan, SC Freising, and SG Eichenfeld.

See also

References

  1. ^ Liste der ersten Bürgermeister/Oberbürgermeister in kreisangehörigen Gemeinden, Bayerisches Landesamt für Statistik, 15 July 2021.
  2. ^ Genesis Online-Datenbank des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Statistik Tabelle 12411-003r Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes: Gemeinden, Stichtag (Einwohnerzahlen auf Grundlage des Zensus 2011).
  3. ^ Geschichte der Stadt Freising.https://www.freising.de/stadtportraet/geschichte-der-stadt-freising
  4. ^ Bishop Corbinian and his bear – and Freising. https://tourismus.freising.de/en/sights/domberg-cathedral-hill/the-story-of-corbinian-the-bear.html
  5. ^ Dr. R. Hennig, Katalog bemerkenswerter Witterungsereignisse. Berlin 1904; Originalquellen: Aventinus (Turmair), Johannes (gest. 1534): Annales Boiorum. Mit Nachtrag. Leipzig 1710; Annales Fuldenses, Chronik des Klosters Fulda. Bei Marquard Freher: Germanicarum rerum scriptores ua Frankfurt aM 1600–1611)
  6. ^ "Tornadoliste Deutschland". https://tornadoliste.de/788. German meteorological list of documented tornadoes
  7. ^ Lins, Joseph (1911). "Archdiocese of Munich-Freising" . Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10.
  8. ^ Hermann-Joseph Busley: Die Geschichte des Freisinger Domkapitels von den Anfängen bis zur Wende des 14./15. Jahrhunderts. Dissertation, Universität München 1956.
  9. ^ Süddeutsche Zeiting (21 August, 2019). Erpresserische Schweden - Ein Dokument aus dem Stadtarchiv belegt, wie Freising im Dreißigjährigen Krieg mit einer Brandschatzungssteuer vor der Zerstörung bewahrt werden konnte. https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/freising/freisinger-geschichte-erpresserische-schweden-1.4571477
  10. ^ Rainer Beck: Mäuselmacher oder die Imagination des Bösen – Ein Hexenprozess 1715–1723. 2. Auflage. C. H. Beck, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-62187-1.
  11. ^ Sigmund Benker, Marianne Baumann-Engels: Freising. 1250 Jahre Geistliche Stadt. Ausstellung im Diözesanmuseum und in den historischen Räumen des Dombergs in Freising, 10. Juni bis 19. November 1989. Wewel, München 1989, ISBN 3-87904-162-8.
  12. ^ 150 Jahre Eisenbahnstrecke München–Landshut 1858 bis 2008, Siegfried Haberstetter, Erich Bockschweiger, 2008.
  13. ^ Historischer Verein Freising (Hrsg.): Freising von 1945 bis 1950. 21. Sammelblatt des Historischen Vereins Freising für das Jahr 1950. Neue Münchner Verlags – G.m.b.H., München 1950.
  14. ^ Steinberg, Guido (2013). "Two Hamburg Cells: A History of Jihadist Terrorism in Germany". German Jihad: On the Internationalization of Islamist Terrorism. Columbia studies in terrorism and irregular warfare. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-231-50053-1.
  15. ^ "Wer glaubt ist nie allein." Der Besuch Papst Benedikt XVI. in Bayern 2006. https://www.erzbistum-muenchen.de/ueber-uns/dioezesangeschichte/papst-benedikt-xvi/und-das-erzbistum/cont/74156
  16. ^ "Partnerstädte". partnerschaftsverein-freising.de (in German). Partnerschaftsverein Freising. Archived from the original on 2021-02-18. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
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