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{{short description|honorific title used across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia}}
{{Short description|Honorific title in some cultures}}
{{redirect|Khwaja|the city in Iran|Khajeh|the village in Iran|Bagh-e Khvajeh}}
{{redirect|Khwaja|the city in Iran|Khajeh|the village in Iran|Bagh-e Khvajeh}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
{{Usul al-fiqh}}
{{Usul al-fiqh}}
'''Khawaja''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: <big>خواجه</big> ''khwāja, khvajeh'') is an honorific title used across the [[Middle East]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Central Asia]], particularly towards [[Sufi]] teachers.
'''Khawaja''' ({{Lang-fa|خواجه|translit=Khawājah}}) is an honorific title used across the [[Middle East]], [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]] and [[Central Asia]], particularly towards [[Sufi]] teachers.


It is also used by [[Kashmiri Muslims]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-yUy7QpJp7MC&pg=PA23|publisher=Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir|pages=23–|id=GGKEY:JAACF25BJCD}}</ref><ref name="Pardesi1989">{{cite book|author=Shyam Lal Pardesi|title=Amudarya to Vitasta: A Bird's Eye-view of Relations Between Central-Asia and Kashmir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8O1AAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Sangarmaal Publications|page=15|quote=It is most pertinent to mention here that the word ''Khwaja'' is used as mark of respect before the name of a Kashmiri Muslim shopkeeper or wholesale dealer.}}</ref> and the [[Mizrahi Jews]]—particularly [[Persian Jews]] and [[Baghdadi Jews]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Husain|first=Ruquiya K.|date=2004|title=KHWAJA ISRAEL SARHAD: ARMENIAN MERCHANT AND DIPLOMAT|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44144740|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=65|pages=258–266|issn=2249-1937}}</ref> The word comes from the Iranian word ''khwāja (Khaje)'' ([[Classical Persian]]: {{wikt-lang|fa|خواجه}} ''khwāja''; [[Dari language|Dari]] ''khājah''; [[Tajik language|Tajik]] ''khoja''). In [[Persian language|Persian]], the title roughly translates to 'Lord' or 'Master'.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137485779|title=The Persian Gulf in Modern Times|date=2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-1-349-50380-3|editor-last=Potter|editor-first=Lawrence G.|location=New York|language=en|doi=10.1057/9781137485779}}</ref>
It is also used by [[Kashmiri Muslims]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-yUy7QpJp7MC&pg=PA23|publisher=Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir|pages=23–|id=GGKEY:JAACF25BJCD}}</ref><ref name="Pardesi1989">{{cite book|author=Shyam Lal Pardesi|title=Amudarya to Vitasta: A Bird's Eye-view of Relations Between Central-Asia and Kashmir|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8O1AAAAIAAJ|year=1989|publisher=Sangarmaal Publications|page=15|quote=It is most pertinent to mention here that the word ''Khwaja'' is used as mark of respect before the name of a Kashmiri Muslim shopkeeper or wholesale dealer.and dalals}}</ref> and the [[Mizrahi Jews]]—particularly [[Persian Jews]] and [[Baghdadi Jews]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Husain|first=Ruquiya K.|title=Khwaja Israel Sarhad: Armenian Merchant and Diplomat|date=2004|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/44144740|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=65|pages=258–266|jstor=44144740|issn=2249-1937}}</ref> The word comes from the Iranian word ''khwāja'' ([[Classical Persian]]: {{wikt-lang|fa|خواجه}} ''khwāja''; [[Dari language|Dari]] ''khājah''; [[Tajik language|Tajik]] ''khoja''). In [[Persian language|Persian]], the title roughly translates to 'Lord' or 'Master'.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137485779|title=The Persian Gulf in Modern Times|date=2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US|isbn=978-1-349-50380-3|editor-last=Potter|editor-first=Lawrence G.|location=New York|language=en|doi=10.1057/9781137485779}}</ref>


The [[Ottoman Turkish]] pronunciation of the Persian <big>خواجه</big> gave rise to ''hodja'' and its equivalents such as ''[[hoca]]'' in [[Turkish language|modern Turkish]], ''hoxha'' in [[Albanian language|Albanian]], ''xoca'' (''khoja'') in [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]],<ref>{{Cite book |first=Akif |last=Ashyrly |url=https://ebooks.azlibnet.az/download/Je2vCYEX.pdf |title=Türkün Xocalı soyqırımı |publisher=Nurlan |location=Baku |year=2005 |page=12 |quote="Xoca" türkcə ağ-saqqal, "böyük" mənasını daşıyaraq hörmət əlamətini bildirir |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://obastan.com/xoca/545262/?l=az |title=Xoca |archive-url=https://archive.is/C6CZy |archive-date=11 February 2021 |work=Obastan |language=az |access-date=11 February 2021 }}</ref> ''hodža'' in [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], ''χότζας'' (''chótzas'') in [[Greek language|Greek]], ''hogea'' in [[Romanian language|Romanian]], and ''хоџа'' in [[Serbian language|Serbian]].
The [[Ottoman Turkish]] pronunciation of the Persian <big>خواجه</big> gave rise to ''hodja'' and its equivalents such as ''[[hoca]]'' in [[Turkish language|modern Turkish]], ''hoxha'' in [[Albanian language|Albanian]], ''խոջա'' (''xoǰa'') in [[Armenian language|Armenian]], ''xoca'' (''khoja'') in [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]],<ref>{{Cite book |first=Akif |last=Ashyrly |url=https://ebooks.azlibnet.az/download/Je2vCYEX.pdf |title=Türkün Xocalı soyqırımı |publisher=Nurlan |location=Baku |year=2005 |page=12 |quote="Xoca" türkcə ağ-saqqal, "böyük" mənasını daşıyaraq hörmət əlamətini bildirir |language=az }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://obastan.com/xoca/545262/?l=az |title=Xoca |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210211184606/https://obastan.com/xoca/545262/?l=az |archive-date=11 February 2021 |work=Obastan |language=az |access-date=11 February 2021 }}</ref> ''hodža'' in [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], ''ходжа'' (''khodzha'') in [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]], ''χότζας'' (''chótzas'') in [[Greek language|Greek]], ''hogea'' in [[Romanian language|Romanian]], and ''хоџа'' in [[Serbian language|Serbian]].


Other spellings include ''খাজা (Khaaja)'' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]), and ''koja'' ([[Javanese language|Javanese]]).<ref>S. Robson and S. Wibisono, 2002, ''Javanese English dictionary'' {{ISBN|0-7946-0000-X}}, sv ''koja''</ref>
Other spellings include ''khaaja'' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]) and ''koja'' ([[Javanese language|Javanese]]).<ref>S. Robson and S. Wibisono, 2002, ''Javanese English dictionary'' {{ISBN|0-7946-0000-X}}, sv ''koja''</ref>


The name is also used in [[Egypt]] and [[Sudan]] to indicate a person with a foreign nationality or foreign heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/nov/26/jamal-khashoggi-white-privilege-murder-middle-east-dissidents|title=Jamal Khashoggi’s borrowed white privilege made his murder count {{!}} Khalid Albaih|last=Albaih|first=Khalid|date=2018-11-26|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-11-27}}</ref> By Muhammad Osama Khawaja
The name is also used in [[Egypt]] and [[Sudan]] to indicate a person with a foreign nationality or foreign heritage.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/nov/26/jamal-khashoggi-white-privilege-murder-middle-east-dissidents|title=Jamal Khashoggi's borrowed white privilege made his murder count {{!}} Khalid Albaih|last=Albaih|first=Khalid|date=2018-11-26|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-11-27}}</ref>


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|thumb|page=99|Hodja of [[Skodra]]<!--(page 99 shown, identified as such on [[:File:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=98|page 98]]-->, from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the [[1873 Vienna World's Fair]]
File:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=99|Hodja of [[Shkodra]]<!--(page 99 shown, identified as such on [[:File:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=98|page 98]]-->, from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the [[1873 Vienna World's Fair]]
File:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|thumb|page=137|Hodja of Salonika, today's [[Thessaloniki]] (first on the right, with the [[Hakham Bashi]] of Salonika on the left and a [[Manastir Vilayet|Monastir]] town dweller in the middle)<!--(page 137 shown, identified as such on [[:File:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=136|page 136]]-->, from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair
File:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=137|Hodja of Salonika, today's [[Thessaloniki]] (first on the right, with the [[Hakham Bashi]] of Salonika on the left and a [[Manastir Vilayet|Monastir]] town dweller in the middle)<!--(page 137 shown, identified as such on [[:File:Lescostumespopul00osma.pdf|page=136|page 136]]-->, from ''Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873'', published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair
</gallery>
</gallery>


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* [[Khwaja Khizr Tomb]] at [[Sonipat]]
* [[Khwaja Khizr Tomb]] at [[Sonipat]]
*[[Afaq Khoja Mausoleum]] in [[Kashgar]]
*[[Afaq Khoja Mausoleum]] in [[Kashgar]]
* [[Khwajagan]], a network of [[Sufi|Sufis]] in [[Central Asia]] from the 10th to the 16th century who are often incorporated into later [[Naqshbandi]] hierarchies.
* [[Khwajagan]], a network of [[Sufi]]s in [[Central Asia]] from the 10th to the 16th century who are often incorporated into later [[Naqshbandi]] hierarchies.
* [[Khajeh Nouri family|Khajeh Nouri (Or Khajenouri)]], a Persian family belonging to pre-revolution [[nobility]], their [http://www.khajenouri.freeuk.com/jaffefiles/thetree.jpg family tree] can be traced back 45 generations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Khajenouri Family|url=http://www.khajenouri.freeuk.com|access-date=26 August 2020|website=The Khajenouri Family}}</ref>
* [[Khajeh Nouri family|Khajeh Nouri (Or Khajenouri)]], a Persian family belonging to pre-revolution [[nobility]], their [http://www.khajenouri.freeuk.com/jaffefiles/thetree.jpg family tree] can be traced back 45 generations.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Khajenouri Family|url=http://www.khajenouri.freeuk.com|access-date=26 August 2020|website=The Khajenouri Family}}</ref>
* [[Khojaly (town)|Khojaly]], a town in [[Azerbaijan]].
* [[Khojaly (town)|Khojaly]], a town in [[Azerbaijan]].
* [[Khoja (Turkestan)]], a title of the descendants of the Central Asian Naqshbandi Sufi teacher, Ahmad Kasani
* [[Khoja (Turkestan)]], a title of the descendants of the Central Asian Naqshbandi Sufi teacher, Ahmad Kasani
* [[Hoca]], Turkish spelling of Khawaja
* [[Hoca]], Turkish spelling of Khawaja
* [[Hoxha]], Albanian surname
* [[Hoxha (surname)|Hoxha]], Albanian surname
* [[Hodžić]], Bosniak surname
* [[Hodžić]], Bosniak surname
* [[Koya (Malabar)|Koya]], a medieval Indian administrative position
* [[Koya (Malabar)|Koya]], a medieval Indian administrative position

Revision as of 08:05, 20 August 2024

"Khwaja" redirects here. For the city in Iran, see Khajeh. For the village in Iran, see Bagh-e Khvajeh.
For other uses, see Khawaja (disambiguation).
Part of a series on Islam
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Khawaja (Persian: خواجه, romanized: Khawājah) is an honorific title used across the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Central Asia, particularly towards Sufi teachers.

It is also used by Kashmiri Muslims[1][2] and the Mizrahi Jews—particularly Persian Jews and Baghdadi Jews.[3] The word comes from the Iranian word khwāja (Classical Persian: خواجه khwāja; Dari khājah; Tajik khoja). In Persian, the title roughly translates to 'Lord' or 'Master'.[4]

The Ottoman Turkish pronunciation of the Persian خواجه gave rise to hodja and its equivalents such as hoca in modern Turkish, hoxha in Albanian, խոջա (xoǰa) in Armenian, xoca (khoja) in Azerbaijani,[5][6] hodža in Bosnian, ходжа (khodzha) in Bulgarian, χότζας (chótzas) in Greek, hogea in Romanian, and хоџа in Serbian.

Other spellings include khaaja (Bengali) and koja (Javanese).[7]

The name is also used in Egypt and Sudan to indicate a person with a foreign nationality or foreign heritage.[8]

  • Hodja of Shkodra, from Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair
    Hodja of Shkodra, from Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair
  • Hodja of Salonika, today's Thessaloniki (first on the right, with the Hakham Bashi of Salonika on the left and a Monastir town dweller in the middle), from Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair
    Hodja of Salonika, today's Thessaloniki (first on the right, with the Hakham Bashi of Salonika on the left and a Monastir town dweller in the middle), from Les costumes populaires de la Turquie en 1873, published under the patronage of the Ottoman Imperial Commission for the 1873 Vienna World's Fair

See also

References

  1. ^ Epilogue, Vol 4, Issue 5. Epilogue -Jammu Kashmir. pp. 23–. GGKEY:JAACF25BJCD.
  2. ^ Shyam Lal Pardesi (1989). Amudarya to Vitasta: A Bird's Eye-view of Relations Between Central-Asia and Kashmir. Sangarmaal Publications. p. 15. It is most pertinent to mention here that the word Khwaja is used as mark of respect before the name of a Kashmiri Muslim shopkeeper or wholesale dealer.and dalals
  3. ^ Husain, Ruquiya K. (2004). "Khwaja Israel Sarhad: Armenian Merchant and Diplomat". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 65: 258–266. ISSN 2249-1937. JSTOR 44144740.
  4. ^ Potter, Lawrence G., ed. (2014). The Persian Gulf in Modern Times. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. doi:10.1057/9781137485779. ISBN 978-1-349-50380-3.
  5. ^ Ashyrly, Akif (2005). Türkün Xocalı soyqırımı (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Baku: Nurlan. p. 12. "Xoca" türkcə ağ-saqqal, "böyük" mənasını daşıyaraq hörmət əlamətini bildirir
  6. ^ "Xoca". Obastan (in Azerbaijani). Archived from the original on 11 February 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  7. ^ S. Robson and S. Wibisono, 2002, Javanese English dictionary ISBN 0-7946-0000-X, sv koja
  8. ^ Albaih, Khalid (2018-11-26). "Jamal Khashoggi's borrowed white privilege made his murder count | Khalid Albaih". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-11-27.
  9. ^ "The Khajenouri Family". The Khajenouri Family. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
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