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Coordinates: 50°44′34″N 1°39′19″W / 50.7428°N 1.6552°W / 50.7428; -1.6552
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{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2015}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{infobox UK place|
{{infobox UK place|
|country = England
|country = England
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|official_name= Barton on Sea
|official_name= Barton on Sea
|population = 5,454
|population = 5,454
|population_ref = (2011.ward)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13692395&c=BH25+7DB&d=14&e=62&g=6430853&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1445338667817&enc=1|title=New Milton Ward population 2011|accessdate=20 October 2015}}</ref>
|population_ref = (2011 census: Barton on Sea ward)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13692395&c=BH25+7DB&d=14&e=62&g=6430853&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1445338667817&enc=1|title=New Milton Ward population 2011|access-date=20 October 2015}}</ref>
|static_image = [[File:Cliffs at Barton on Sea - geograph.org.uk - 111854.jpg|250px]]
|static_image = Cliffs at Barton on Sea - geograph.org.uk - 111854.jpg
|static_image_width = 250px
|static_image_caption = Cliffs at Barton on Sea
|static_image_caption = Cliffs at Barton on Sea
|shire_district= [[New Forest (district)|New Forest]]
|shire_district= [[New Forest (district)|New Forest]]
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}}
}}


'''Barton on Sea''' (often hyphenated as '''Barton-on-Sea''') is a coastal [[village]] situated in [[Hampshire]], England. As a settlement, Barton has a history dating back to [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon times]], although the modern village was largely built in the 20th century. It is effectively a suburb of [[New Milton]]. Barton is notable for the many [[fossils]] to be found in the [[Barton Beds|Barton geological beds]] in the cliffs, as well as for the significant sea defences built to defend the cliffs against [[coastal erosion]].
'''Barton on Sea''' (often hyphenated as '''Barton-on-Sea''') is a cliff-top [[village]] in [[Hampshire]], England close to the town of [[New Milton]] to the north. Barton lies within the civil parish of New Milton. As a settlement, Barton has a history dating back to [[Anglo-Saxon England|Anglo-Saxon times]]. Barton is notable for the many [[fossils]] to be found in the [[Barton Beds|Barton geological beds]] in the cliffs, as well as for the significant sea defences built to guard the cliffs against [[coastal erosion]]. Barton on Sea is a very popular [[retirement]] location. Approximately 36% of the population is retired.<ref>Victoria Pybus, 2008, ''Where to Retire in Britain'', page 146 Crimson Publishing</ref> The population of Barton in the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]] was 6,849.<ref>Population for the [http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=6178984&c=Barton&d=14&e=13&g=451781&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1291765136552&enc=1&dsFamilyId=75 Barton Ward] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829061152/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=6178984&c=Barton&d=14&e=13&g=451781&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1291765136552&enc=1&dsFamilyId=75 |date=29 August 2012 }} = 5,056. Population for [http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=307355&c=New+Milton&d=16&e=13&g=451812&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1291764577411&enc=1&dsFamilyId=75 east Barton] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629064413/http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=307355&c=New+Milton&d=16&e=13&g=451812&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1291764577411&enc=1&dsFamilyId=75 |date=29 June 2011 }} = 1,793. Combined total = 6849</ref>


==History==
==History==
The area of Barton has been populated since prehistoric times. A number of [[bronze age]] [[funerary urn]]s were uncovered in Barton during the early 20th century, although most of them have been lost or destroyed.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 10</ref> While Barton is a common English place-name, the etymology of Barton-on-Sea is unique. It means [[Beorma]]'s Farm, and appears twice in the [[Domesday Book]], as ''Bermintune'' and as ''Burmintune''.<ref name="Barton-on-Sea website">[http://www.bartononsea.org.uk/History.htm Barton-on-Sea History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512043355/http://www.bartononsea.org.uk/History.htm |date=12 May 2011 }}</ref> [[Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury]], and friend of [[William the Conqueror]], held both Barton manors in 1086.<ref name="nfohist">[http://www.newforest-online.co.uk/barton-history.asp ''The History of Barton-on-Sea''] NewForest-Online, retrieved 30 November 2010</ref>
The area of Barton has been populated since prehistoric times. A number of [[Bronze Age]] [[funerary urn]]s were uncovered in Barton during the early 20th century, although most of them have been lost or destroyed.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 10</ref> While Barton is a common English place-name, the etymology of Barton-on-Sea is unique. It means [[Beorma]]'s Farm, and appears twice in the [[Domesday Book]], as ''Bermintune'' and as ''Burmintune''.<ref name="Barton-on-Sea website">[http://www.bartononsea.org.uk/History.htm Barton-on-Sea History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512043355/http://www.bartononsea.org.uk/History.htm |date=12 May 2011 }}</ref> [[Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury]], and friend of [[William the Conqueror]], held both Barton manors in 1086.<ref name="nfohist">[http://www.newforest-online.co.uk/barton-history.asp ''The History of Barton-on-Sea''] NewForest-Online, retrieved 30 November 2010</ref>


A manor is mentioned in 1559, when John Dowce died in possession of it.<ref name="VCH">William Page (editor), 1912, [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42059 ''A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 5''], Victoria County History</ref> William Juniper acquired it soon after, and at his death it was described as the capital farm called "Barmeton".<ref name="VCH"/> In 1654, Richard Stephens, lord of Winkton Manor, is said to have owned the "site of the manor" of Barton.<ref name="VCH"/> It remained in the Stephens family until 1733, when Richard Stephens sold it to Thomas Le Marchant of the [[Inner Temple]].<ref name="VCH"/> In 1771 John Le Marchant of [[Guernsey]] conveyed "the scite of the manor of Barton, etc.," to Edward Dampier of [[Corfe Castle]], in whose family it remained (the last holder having taken the name of Crossley) until 1903.<ref name="VCH"/> A distinctive row of Coast Guard Cottages is to be found in Barton Lane, Barton on Sea; these were built at the end of the nineteenth century by the Government of the day to house armed guards to try to stop the smuggling that was rife at the time. The Barton on Sea and Mudeford coastline was renowned for smuggling with many of the offshore seaways and routes to shore being named after well known local smuggling families.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', pages 28-29, 39</ref>
A manor is mentioned in 1559, when John Dowce died in possession of it.<ref name="VCH">William Page (editor), 1912, [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42059 ''A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 5''], Victoria County History</ref> William Juniper acquired it soon after, and at his death it was described as the capital farm called "Barmeton".<ref name="VCH"/> In 1654, Richard Stephens, lord of Winkton Manor, is said to have owned the "site of the manor" of Barton.<ref name="VCH"/> It remained in the Stephens family until 1733, when Richard Stephens sold it to Thomas Le Marchant of the [[Inner Temple]].<ref name="VCH"/> In 1771 John Le Marchant of [[Guernsey]] conveyed "the scite of the manor of Barton, etc.," to Edward Dampier of [[Corfe Castle]], in whose family it remained (the last holder having taken the name of Crossley) until 1903.<ref name="VCH"/> As late as the 1880s, Barton largely consisted of two farm estates, but in the 1890s, both farms were auctioned and the estates were broken up.<ref name="lloyd47">A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 47</ref> Subsequent land sales in the period 1904-1907 allowed the full development of the village as it appears today.<ref name="lloyd47"/> In 1897 the first [[golf course]] was built at Barton along the cliff top, although the modern golf course at the east end of Barton dates from 1922.<ref name="lloyd47"/>


A distinctive row of Coast Guard cottages is to be found in Barton Lane; these were built at the end of the nineteenth century by the government of the day to house armed guards to try to stop the smuggling rife at the time. The Barton on Sea and Mudeford coastline was renowned for smuggling activity with many of the offshore seaways and routes to shore being named after well known local smuggling families.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', pp. 28–29, 39</ref>
As late as the 1880s, Barton largely consisted of two farm estates, but in the 1890s, both farms were auctioned and the estates were broken up.<ref name="lloyd47">A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 47</ref> Subsequent land sales in the period 1904-1907 allowed the full development of the village as it appears today.<ref name="lloyd47"/> In 1897 the first [[golf course]] was built at Barton along the cliff top, although the modern golf course at the east end of Barton dates from 1922.<ref name="lloyd47"/>
[[File:Barton on Sea, obelisk, Urdu detail - geograph.org.uk - 1088453.jpg|thumb|right|World War I Obelisk with an [[Urdu]] inscription]]
[[File:Barton on Sea, obelisk, Urdu detail - geograph.org.uk - 1088453.jpg|thumb|left|World War I Obelisk with an [[Urdu]] inscription]]
In the [[First World War]] Barton was the site of a convalescent home for Indian service men,<ref name="nfohist"/> and this is commemorated by an obelisk in the village which was erected in 1917.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 57</ref> In 1927, a maternity hospital known as the Grove Maternity Hospital was founded, and where many local people were born, until the hospital closed in 1988.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 95</ref> During [[World War II]], the sea front at Barton was made a [[Exclusion zone|restricted area]] and metal defences including a [[British hardened field defences of World War II|pillbox]] were built, in the event of a [[Operation Sea Lion|German invasion]].<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 79</ref>


At the east end of Barton was Becton Farm, where the famous showjumper [[Marion Coakes]] lived.<ref name="lloyd48">A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 48</ref> Her horse, [[Stroller (horse)|Stroller]], is the only [[pony]] to have competed at the [[Olympic Games]] in [[Show Jumping]], winning an Individual Silver Medal in the [[1968 Summer Olympics]].<ref>[http://showjumpingnostalgia.com/?p=253 ''Show Jumping Nostalgia''] - retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> The pony was buried at the farm. The farm was later bought by the Barton on Sea Golf Club, and Stroller now lies underneath the golf course with a plaque over the grave.<ref name="lloyd48"/>
In the [[First World War]] Barton was the site of a convalescent home for Indian service men,<ref name="nfohist"/> and this is commemorated by an obelisk in the village which was erected in 1917.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 57</ref> In 1927, a maternity hospital known as the Grove Maternity Hospital where many local people were born was opened; it closed in 1988.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 95</ref> During [[World War II]], the sea front at Barton was made a [[Exclusion zone|restricted area]] and metal defences including a [[British hardened field defences of World War II|pillbox]] were built, in anticipation of a [[Operation Sea Lion|German invasion]].<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 79</ref>


The footballers [[Russell Perrett]],<ref>[http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=8942 SoccerBase: Russell Perrett], retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> [[Jamie Redknapp]],<ref>[http://www.liverpoolfc.tv/history/past-players/jamie-redknapp Liverpool FC, Past Players, Jamie Redknapp], retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> and [[Neil Moss (footballer)|Neil Moss]],<ref>[http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/sport/cherries/clubnews/4410294.Cherries__The_toughest_job_in_football/?ref=rss Bournemouth Echo 1 June 2009], retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> were all born in Barton on Sea. Famous residents of Barton have included the novelist [[Beatrice Harraden]];<ref>Joanne Shattock, 1993, ''The Oxford guide to British women writers'', page 204</ref> the cricketer [[Denys Hill]];<ref>[http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/30/30233/30233.html Cricket Archive: Denys Vivian Hill], retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> and the conductor [[Harry Norris (conductor)|Harry Norris]].<ref>[http://math.boisestate.edu/GaS/whowaswho/N/NorrisHarry.htm D'Oyly Carte Who Was Who], retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> [[George Campbell Wheeler]] who served in the [[British Indian Army]] during [[World War I]] and was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] also lived here.<ref>Max Arthur, 2005, ''Symbol of Courage: The Men Behind the Medal'', page 684. Pan Macmillan</ref> The GCHQ whistleblower and intelligence agency officer, [[Jock Kane]], lived in Barton in the 1980s, where he worked as a milkman and school bus driver.<ref name=TelegOct13>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/special-forces-obituaries/10392405/Jock-Kane.html|title=Obituary: Jock Kane|date=20 October 2013|work=The Daily Telegraph|accessdate=21 October 2013}}</ref>
The footballers [[Russell Perrett]],<ref>[https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=8942 SoccerBase: Russell Perrett] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001175359/http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=8942 |date=1 October 2007 }}, retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> [[Jamie Redknapp]],<ref>[http://www.liverpoolfc.tv/history/past-players/jamie-redknapp Liverpool FC, Past Players, Jamie Redknapp] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629140014/http://www.liverpoolfc.tv/history/past-players/jamie-redknapp |date=29 June 2011 }}, retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> and [[Neil Moss (footballer)|Neil Moss]],<ref>[http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/sport/cherries/clubnews/4410294.Cherries__The_toughest_job_in_football/?ref=rss Bournemouth Echo 1 June 2009], retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> were all born in Barton on Sea. Famous residents of Barton have included composer and author [[Ernest St. John Burton]],<ref name="Proceedingsof">Proceedings of the Bournemouth natural science society, Volumes 45–56 (1954)</ref> the novelist [[Beatrice Harraden]];<ref>Joanne Shattock, 1993, ''The Oxford guide to British women writers'', page 204</ref> the cricketer [[Denys Hill]];<ref>[http://cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/30/30233/30233.html Cricket Archive: Denys Vivian Hill], retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> and the conductor [[Harry Norris (conductor)|Harry Norris]].<ref>[https://www.gsarchive.net/whowaswho/N/NorrisHarry.htm D'Oyly Carte Who Was Who], retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> [[George Campbell Wheeler]] who served in the [[British Indian Army]] during [[World War I]] and was awarded the [[Victoria Cross]] also lived here.<ref>Max Arthur, 2005, ''Symbol of Courage: The Men Behind the Medal'', page 684. Pan Macmillan</ref> The GCHQ whistleblower and intelligence agency officer, [[Jock Kane]], lived in Barton in the 1980s, where he worked as a milkman and school bus driver.<ref name=TelegOct13>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/special-forces-obituaries/10392405/Jock-Kane.html|title=Obituary: Jock Kane|date=20 October 2013|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=21 October 2013}}</ref>


At the east end of Barton was Becton Farm, where the famous showjumper [[Marion Coakes]] lived.<ref name="lloyd48">A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 48</ref> Her horse, [[Stroller (horse)|Stroller]], is the only [[pony]] to have competed at the [[Olympic Games]] in [[Show Jumping]], winning an individual silver medal in the [[1968 Summer Olympics]].<ref>[http://showjumpingnostalgia.com/?p=253 ''Show Jumping Nostalgia''] - retrieved 30 November 2010</ref> The pony was buried at the farm. The farm was later bought by the Barton on Sea Golf Club, and Stroller now lies underneath the golf course with a plaque over the grave.<ref name="lloyd48"/>
Barton on Sea is effectively a suburb of the inland town, [[New Milton]] and is a very popular [[retirement]] location. Approximately 36% of the population are retired.<ref>Victoria Pybus, 2008, ''Where to Retire in Britain'', page 146 Crimson Publishing</ref> The population of Barton in the [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001 census]] was 6,849.<ref>Population for the [http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=6178984&c=Barton&d=14&e=13&g=451781&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1291765136552&enc=1&dsFamilyId=75 Barton Ward] = 5,056. Population for [http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=307355&c=New+Milton&d=16&e=13&g=451812&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1291764577411&enc=1&dsFamilyId=75 east Barton] = 1,793. Combined total = 6849</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
Line 41: Line 42:
[[File:Beckton Bunny - geograph.org.uk - 1634801.jpg|thumb|right|Becton Bunny]]
[[File:Beckton Bunny - geograph.org.uk - 1634801.jpg|thumb|right|Becton Bunny]]
{{See also|Barton Beds}}
{{See also|Barton Beds}}
The coast at Barton on Sea is particularly well known for its [[geological]] content, being home to many [[fossils]] in the [[Barton Beds|Barton geological beds]]. The Barton Beds may give their name to the [[Bartonian]] stage of the [[Eocene Epoch]] of geological time.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/science/Bartonian-Stage, retrieved 4 January 2016</ref>
The coast at Barton on Sea is particularly well known for its [[geological]] content, being home to many [[fossils]] in the [[Barton Beds|Barton geological beds]]. The Barton Beds may give their name to the [[Bartonian]] stage of the [[Eocene Epoch]] of geological time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Bartonian-Stage |title=Bartonian Stage &#124; stratigraphy &#124; Britannica |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=4 January 2016}}</ref>


The beach is separated by a 34 metre-high cliff, although there are connecting paths from the village. A cliff-top path runs between Barton and the village of [[Milford on Sea]]; the [[Solent Way]] stretches to [[Emsworth]], on the [[West Sussex]] border. It is also well known for the fact that it was the first place in England to try out rock [[groynes]].The cliffs are frequently used for [[paragliding]].<ref>[http://www.wessexhgpg.org.uk/Sites/bournemouth_ctr.htm ''Wessex Hang-Gliding and Paragliding Club''] - retrieved 29 November 2010</ref> At the eastern end of the village is the Barton-On-Sea Golf Club, which is notable for comprising three loops of nine holes.<ref>[http://www.bosgc.co.uk/pages.php/course.html Barton-on-Sea Golf Club] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824032940/http://www.bosgc.co.uk/pages.php/course.html |date=24 August 2011 }} {{webarch ive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824032940/http://www.bosgc.co.uk/pages.php/course.html |date=24 August 2011 }}, retrieved 14 August 2011</ref>
The beach is separated from the village by a 34-metre-high cliff, although there are connecting paths from the village. A cliff-top path runs between Barton and the village of [[Milford on Sea]]; the [[Solent Way]] stretches to [[Emsworth]], on the [[West Sussex]] border. Barton is also well known for the fact that it was the first place in England to try out rock [[groynes]]. The cliffs are frequently used for [[paragliding]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050224022014/http://www.wessexhgpg.org.uk/Sites/bournemouth_ctr.htm ''Wessex Hang-Gliding and Paragliding Club''] - retrieved 29 November 2010</ref> At the eastern end of the village is the Barton On Sea Golf Club, which is notable for comprising three loops of nine holes.<ref>[http://www.bosgc.co.uk/pages.php/course.html Barton-on-Sea Golf Club] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824032940/http://www.bosgc.co.uk/pages.php/course.html |date=24 August 2011 }} , retrieved 14 August 2011</ref>


Barton on Sea has had for many years a problem with [[coastal erosion]]. In the past, the cliffs have eroded away at a rate of up to 1 metre a year, and several buildings have been lost.<ref>Eric Bird, 2010, ''Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms'', page 430. Springer</ref> In the early 1900s the grassy promenade at the top of the cliffs was 100 metres wide, today it is around 20 metres at its furthest points.<ref name="nfohist"/> The erosion was encouraged by the sea-defences added to the west at [[Bournemouth]], thus starving Barton of the sediment needed for protecting its cliffs. Some coastal protection measures at Barton were installed in the late 1930s but fell into disrepair during [[World War II]].<ref name="hooke">Janet M. Hooke, 1998, ''Coastal defence and earth science conservation'', page 251.</ref> In 1964 a series of timber [[groyne]]s and a cliff drainage system was installed along 300m of the sea-front.<ref name="hooke"/> This was followed in 1965-8 by a timber revetment backed by large rocks; an extension to the drainage system; and some rock groynes.<ref name="hooke"/> Later improvements have consisted of replacing the timber groynes with rock groynes; and replacing the timber revetment with a rock structure of dark grey [[limestone]] boulders to protect the toe of the cliff.<ref>Ian West, 2010, [http://www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/Barton-Erosion-History.htm ''Barton, Highcliffe and Christchurch Bay - History of and Future of Coast Erosion and Sea Defences''] - retrieved 29 November 2010</ref> Today's cliff slip problems are largely due to inland water seepage.<ref name="nfohist"/> There have been recent experiments with vegetation defences (planting shrubs, plants and trees on the cliff face) to prevent rotational cliff slump, and therefore slowing the retreat of the cliff towards land which is in use.
Barton on Sea has had for many years a problem with [[coastal erosion]]. In the past, the cliffs have eroded away at a rate of up to 1 metre a year, and several buildings have been lost.<ref>Eric Bird, 2010, ''Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms'', page 430. Springer</ref> In the early 1900s the grassy promenade at the top of the cliffs was 100 metres wide, today it is around 20 metres at its widest points.<ref name="nfohist"/> The erosion was encouraged by the sea-defences added to the west at [[Bournemouth]], thus starving Barton of the sediment needed for protecting its cliffs. Some coastal protection measures at Barton were installed in the late 1930s but fell into disrepair during [[World War II]].<ref name="hooke">Janet M. Hooke, 1998, ''Coastal defence and earth science conservation'', page 251.</ref> In 1964 a series of timber [[groyne]]s and a cliff drainage system was installed along 300m of the sea-front.<ref name="hooke"/> This was followed in 1965-8 by a timber revetment backed by large rocks; an extension to the drainage system; and some rock groynes.<ref name="hooke"/> Later improvements have consisted of replacing the timber groynes with rock groynes; and replacing the timber revetment with a rock structure of dark grey [[limestone]] boulders to protect the toe of the cliff.<ref>Ian West, 2010, [http://www.soton.ac.uk/~imw/Barton-Erosion-History.htm ''Barton, Highcliffe and Christchurch Bay - History of and Future of Coast Erosion and Sea Defences''] - retrieved 29 November 2010</ref> Today's cliff slip problems are largely due to inland water seepage.<ref name="nfohist"/> There have been recent experiments with vegetation defences (planting shrubs, plants and trees on the cliff face) to prevent rotational cliff slump, and therefore slowing the retreat of the cliff towards land which is in use.


To the west of Barton is Naish Farm, now a holiday park, but which was once a farm estate with a history dating back to the 14th century.<ref name="VCH"/> To the west of that is Chewton, notable for the [[chine]] called Chewton Bunny running down to the sea. To the east of Barton is Becton, once a farm with a history dating back to the Domesday book{{spaced ndash}}the Saxon name means "Becca's farm"{{spaced ndash}}now a golf course.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 13</ref> Another chine called Becton Bunny can be found here, but it has become much reduced by coastal erosion. To the east of that are the farmlands of Taddiford ("Toad ford").
To the west of Barton is Naish Farm, now a holiday park, which was once a farm estate with a history dating back to the 14th century.<ref name="VCH"/> To the west of that is Chewton, notable for the [[chine]] called Chewton Bunny running down to the sea. To the east of Barton is Becton, once a farm with a history dating back to the Domesday book{{spaced ndash}}the Saxon name means "Becca's farm"{{spaced ndash}}now a golf course.<ref>A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), ''The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition'', page 13</ref> Another chine called Becton Bunny can be found here, but it has become much reduced by coastal erosion. To the east of that are the farmlands of Taddiford ("Toad ford").


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
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[[Category:Villages in Hampshire]]
[[Category:Villages in Hampshire]]
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[[Category:New Forest District]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Hampshire]]
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[[Category:Bartonian| ]]

Revision as of 17:56, 19 August 2024

Barton on Sea
Cliffs at Barton on Sea
Barton on Sea is located in Hampshire
Barton on Sea
Barton on Sea
Location within Hampshire
Population5,454 (2011 census: Barton on Sea ward)[1]
OS grid referenceSZ244937
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townNew Milton
Postcode districtBH25 7
Dialling code01425
PoliceHampshire and Isle of Wight
FireHampshire and Isle of Wight
AmbulanceSouth Central
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Hampshire
50°44′34″N 1°39′19″W / 50.7428°N 1.6552°W / 50.7428; -1.6552

Barton on Sea (often hyphenated as Barton-on-Sea) is a cliff-top village in Hampshire, England close to the town of New Milton to the north. Barton lies within the civil parish of New Milton. As a settlement, Barton has a history dating back to Anglo-Saxon times. Barton is notable for the many fossils to be found in the Barton geological beds in the cliffs, as well as for the significant sea defences built to guard the cliffs against coastal erosion. Barton on Sea is a very popular retirement location. Approximately 36% of the population is retired.[2] The population of Barton in the 2001 census was 6,849.[3]

History

The area of Barton has been populated since prehistoric times. A number of Bronze Age funerary urns were uncovered in Barton during the early 20th century, although most of them have been lost or destroyed.[4] While Barton is a common English place-name, the etymology of Barton-on-Sea is unique. It means Beorma's Farm, and appears twice in the Domesday Book, as Bermintune and as Burmintune.[5] Roger de Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, and friend of William the Conqueror, held both Barton manors in 1086.[6]

A manor is mentioned in 1559, when John Dowce died in possession of it.[7] William Juniper acquired it soon after, and at his death it was described as the capital farm called "Barmeton".[7] In 1654, Richard Stephens, lord of Winkton Manor, is said to have owned the "site of the manor" of Barton.[7] It remained in the Stephens family until 1733, when Richard Stephens sold it to Thomas Le Marchant of the Inner Temple.[7] In 1771 John Le Marchant of Guernsey conveyed "the scite of the manor of Barton, etc.," to Edward Dampier of Corfe Castle, in whose family it remained (the last holder having taken the name of Crossley) until 1903.[7] As late as the 1880s, Barton largely consisted of two farm estates, but in the 1890s, both farms were auctioned and the estates were broken up.[8] Subsequent land sales in the period 1904-1907 allowed the full development of the village as it appears today.[8] In 1897 the first golf course was built at Barton along the cliff top, although the modern golf course at the east end of Barton dates from 1922.[8]

A distinctive row of Coast Guard cottages is to be found in Barton Lane; these were built at the end of the nineteenth century by the government of the day to house armed guards to try to stop the smuggling rife at the time. The Barton on Sea and Mudeford coastline was renowned for smuggling activity with many of the offshore seaways and routes to shore being named after well known local smuggling families.[9]

World War I Obelisk with an Urdu inscription

In the First World War Barton was the site of a convalescent home for Indian service men,[6] and this is commemorated by an obelisk in the village which was erected in 1917.[10] In 1927, a maternity hospital known as the Grove Maternity Hospital where many local people were born was opened; it closed in 1988.[11] During World War II, the sea front at Barton was made a restricted area and metal defences including a pillbox were built, in anticipation of a German invasion.[12]

The footballers Russell Perrett,[13] Jamie Redknapp,[14] and Neil Moss,[15] were all born in Barton on Sea. Famous residents of Barton have included composer and author Ernest St. John Burton,[16] the novelist Beatrice Harraden;[17] the cricketer Denys Hill;[18] and the conductor Harry Norris.[19] George Campbell Wheeler who served in the British Indian Army during World War I and was awarded the Victoria Cross also lived here.[20] The GCHQ whistleblower and intelligence agency officer, Jock Kane, lived in Barton in the 1980s, where he worked as a milkman and school bus driver.[21]

At the east end of Barton was Becton Farm, where the famous showjumper Marion Coakes lived.[22] Her horse, Stroller, is the only pony to have competed at the Olympic Games in Show Jumping, winning an individual silver medal in the 1968 Summer Olympics.[23] The pony was buried at the farm. The farm was later bought by the Barton on Sea Golf Club, and Stroller now lies underneath the golf course with a plaque over the grave.[22]

Geography

Paragliders at Barton cliffs
Sea defences at Barton on Sea
Becton Bunny
See also: Barton Beds

The coast at Barton on Sea is particularly well known for its geological content, being home to many fossils in the Barton geological beds. The Barton Beds may give their name to the Bartonian stage of the Eocene Epoch of geological time.[24]

The beach is separated from the village by a 34-metre-high cliff, although there are connecting paths from the village. A cliff-top path runs between Barton and the village of Milford on Sea; the Solent Way stretches to Emsworth, on the West Sussex border. Barton is also well known for the fact that it was the first place in England to try out rock groynes. The cliffs are frequently used for paragliding.[25] At the eastern end of the village is the Barton On Sea Golf Club, which is notable for comprising three loops of nine holes.[26]

Barton on Sea has had for many years a problem with coastal erosion. In the past, the cliffs have eroded away at a rate of up to 1 metre a year, and several buildings have been lost.[27] In the early 1900s the grassy promenade at the top of the cliffs was 100 metres wide, today it is around 20 metres at its widest points.[6] The erosion was encouraged by the sea-defences added to the west at Bournemouth, thus starving Barton of the sediment needed for protecting its cliffs. Some coastal protection measures at Barton were installed in the late 1930s but fell into disrepair during World War II.[28] In 1964 a series of timber groynes and a cliff drainage system was installed along 300m of the sea-front.[28] This was followed in 1965-8 by a timber revetment backed by large rocks; an extension to the drainage system; and some rock groynes.[28] Later improvements have consisted of replacing the timber groynes with rock groynes; and replacing the timber revetment with a rock structure of dark grey limestone boulders to protect the toe of the cliff.[29] Today's cliff slip problems are largely due to inland water seepage.[6] There have been recent experiments with vegetation defences (planting shrubs, plants and trees on the cliff face) to prevent rotational cliff slump, and therefore slowing the retreat of the cliff towards land which is in use.

To the west of Barton is Naish Farm, now a holiday park, which was once a farm estate with a history dating back to the 14th century.[7] To the west of that is Chewton, notable for the chine called Chewton Bunny running down to the sea. To the east of Barton is Becton, once a farm with a history dating back to the Domesday book – the Saxon name means "Becca's farm" – now a golf course.[30] Another chine called Becton Bunny can be found here, but it has become much reduced by coastal erosion. To the east of that are the farmlands of Taddiford ("Toad ford").

References

  1. ^ "New Milton Ward population 2011". Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  2. ^ Victoria Pybus, 2008, Where to Retire in Britain, page 146 Crimson Publishing
  3. ^ Population for the Barton Ward Archived 29 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine = 5,056. Population for east Barton Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine = 1,793. Combined total = 6849
  4. ^ A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition, page 10
  5. ^ Barton-on-Sea History Archived 12 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ a b c d The History of Barton-on-Sea NewForest-Online, retrieved 30 November 2010
  7. ^ a b c d e f William Page (editor), 1912, A History of the County of Hampshire: Volume 5, Victoria County History
  8. ^ a b c A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition, page 47
  9. ^ A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition, pp. 28–29, 39
  10. ^ A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition, page 57
  11. ^ A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition, page 95
  12. ^ A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition, page 79
  13. ^ SoccerBase: Russell Perrett Archived 1 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 30 November 2010
  14. ^ Liverpool FC, Past Players, Jamie Redknapp Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 30 November 2010
  15. ^ Bournemouth Echo 1 June 2009, retrieved 30 November 2010
  16. ^ Proceedings of the Bournemouth natural science society, Volumes 45–56 (1954)
  17. ^ Joanne Shattock, 1993, The Oxford guide to British women writers, page 204
  18. ^ Cricket Archive: Denys Vivian Hill, retrieved 30 November 2010
  19. ^ D'Oyly Carte Who Was Who, retrieved 30 November 2010
  20. ^ Max Arthur, 2005, Symbol of Courage: The Men Behind the Medal, page 684. Pan Macmillan
  21. ^ "Obituary: Jock Kane". The Daily Telegraph. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  22. ^ a b A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition, page 48
  23. ^ Show Jumping Nostalgia - retrieved 30 November 2010
  24. ^ "Bartonian Stage | stratigraphy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  25. ^ Wessex Hang-Gliding and Paragliding Club - retrieved 29 November 2010
  26. ^ Barton-on-Sea Golf Club Archived 24 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine , retrieved 14 August 2011
  27. ^ Eric Bird, 2010, Encyclopedia of the World's Coastal Landforms, page 430. Springer
  28. ^ a b c Janet M. Hooke, 1998, Coastal defence and earth science conservation, page 251.
  29. ^ Ian West, 2010, Barton, Highcliffe and Christchurch Bay - History of and Future of Coast Erosion and Sea Defences - retrieved 29 November 2010
  30. ^ A. T. Lloyd, J. E. S. Brooks, (1996), The History of New Milton and its Surrounding Area, Centenary Edition, page 13
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