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Navel fetishism, belly button fetishism, or alvinophilia^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] is a partialism in which an individual is attracted to the human navel.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

Stimuli

A navel fetishist can be sexually aroused by a variety of stimuli, including key words, thoughts or specific forms of physical interaction with the navel.^[1]^[2]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]

Physical activity

The navel region is an erogenous zone with heightened sensitivity^[2]^[16]^[17] that when touched by the finger or the tip of the tongue can produce erotic sensations.^[14]^[17]^[18]^[19] Individuals who are ticklish in that area^[20] can be aroused by tickling, blowing raspberries, or being teased with a feather, flower, or blade of grass.^[2]^[21]^[22] Fingering the navel is also a common act.^[23]^[24]^[25]

Some navel fetishists find physical acts involving the navel to be sexually arousing.^[1]^[12]^[26]^[27] These physical acts can include licking the navel; applying body lotion or suntan oil; and pouring substances like champagne, honey, chocolate sauce or whipped cream into and around the navel and licking or sucking it up.^[28]^[29] Similarly, licking or rolling the tongue into the navel while underwater can produce erotic sensations,^[14]^[23]^[24]^[30] as can an ice cube when rubbed over or rested over the navel.^[14]^[31]

Some prefer to perform navel torture, a series of pain-inflicting acts such as sucking or pulling the navel out (often with a syringe), dripping hot oil or wax into the navel, poking pins into the navel,^[32] and stabbing the navel.^[1]^[2]^[7]^[33]^[34]

This attention is usually directed at a partner's navel,^[32]^[5] but may include a fixation on the fetishist's own navel.^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]

Viewing and fantasizing activity

Some navel fetishists can be aroused by viewing a navel.^[39] In the case of a heterosexual man, a woman in bikini or low-rise clothing like jeans, shorts, etc., that reveals the navel is also considered sexually arousing.^[40]

Videos featuring above said physical acts are very common and are viewed worldwide. Their popularity has become more compared to regular porn videos.^[41]^[42]

Belly dancers often have navel piercings or insert sequins into their navels to make it look attractive when they perform.^[43]^[44] Not only them, many young everyday women also have them to add a charm to their navels.^[45] Such decorations also arouse when seen.^[21]

Some navel fetishists sexually fantasize about the above physical acts on a person's navel to attain sexual pleasure.^[46]

Literature

Sometimes, literary works focusing on navels or which sexually symbolize navels can also act as stimuli to navel fetishists. One such work is Navel Revue by author Jay Hahn-Lonne which is an autobiographical study of a man's obsession with navels.^[47] In the Song of Songs, a book in the Hebrew Bible, there are allusions to exotic things in nature, with frequent interweaving of nature with erotic imagery. In Solomon's lavish praise of his love – the country girl, Sulaimi – the navel is mentioned as follows: "thy navel is like a round goblet, which wanteth not liquor: thy belly is like a heap of wheat set about with lilies." (7:2).^[48]^[49]^[50]

American poet May Swenson in her poem "Little Lion Face" wrote, "Now I'm bold to touch your swollen neck, put careful lips to slick petals, snuff up gold pollen in your navel cup."^[51] and poem "August Night" wrote, "Your navel a little pool in pulsing tide an aura round your knees".^[52]

Czech-born writer Milan Kundera in his 2015 book The Festival of Insignificance conveys about the eroticism of exposed female navels.^[53]^[54]^[55] Alain, one of the characters in the book, observes to his friend how most of the young women in Paris wear T-shirts or blouses that expose their midriffs, displaying their navels for all to see. The navel has become, in effect, the new locus of desire.^[56]^[57]^[58]

Robert W. Service in his short poem "Navels" wrote, "Men have navels more or less;....Woman's is a pearly ring,....So dear ladies, recognise The dimpling of your waist Has approval in my eyes,Favour in my taste......How a rosebud navel would Be sweet to kiss!"^[59]^[60]^[61] In Ancient Indian Sanskrit literature, writers like Adi Shankara, Kālidāsa, etc., have symbolized and referred to the navel while describing the beauty of Hindu goddesses.^[62]

Erotica

In 1970, the short-lived Belly Button Magazine, of which only two issues were recovered by The Kinsey Institute, featured descriptions of penetrative navel intercourse and images of sexual acts directed at navels.^[63]^[64]

Connections to other fetishes

Navel fetishism can co-exist with stomach fetishism (alvinolagnia)^[1]^[65] or sadomasochistic acts^[66] such as navel torture.^[67] Navel intercourse is commonly linked to weight-related fetishes like Big Beautiful Woman, feederism, and belly expansion.^[68]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Aggrawal, Anil (2009). Forensic and medico-legal aspects of sexual crimes and unusual sexual practices. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-1420043099. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rae, Jetta (March 13, 2015). Tandy, Katie (ed.). "Touch Me There!: The World Of Belly Button Worship". Ravishly. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
^ Lehmiller, Justin (4 November 2013). "Beyond The Foot: A Look At Some Of The Most Unusual Sexual Fetishes". Sex and Psychology. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
^ Pinto, Isaidy (2013-04-20). "Prevalence of Fetishes". Ramblings of a Psychology Student. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
^ ^a ^b Clinton, Tim; Laaser, Mark (April 2010). The Quick-Reference Guide to Sexuality & Relationship Counseling. Baker Books. ISBN 9780801072369. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ "Navel Fetishism". wrongdiagnosis.com. Archived from the original on Mar 18, 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ ^a ^b Cicchelli, Christina (2009). "Fetishism: Navel, navel fetish, navel torture". AllExperts. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ The Disappearance of the Universe - Gary R. Renard - Chapter 14 - Better Than Sex.
^ Bering, Jesse (July 29, 2013). "Partial for Protuberant: The Man Who Was Into "Outies"". Scientific American. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
^ Heilbrunn, G. (1975). "On the Erotization of the Umbilicus". The Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 44 (2): 269–73. doi:10.1080/21674086.1975.11926713. PMID 1129393.
^ Boer, Roland (1999). Knocking on Heaven's Door. Psychology Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-415-19411-2.
^ ^a ^b Griffiths, Mark (2012-11-29). "Called up for navel duty: A beginner's guide to alvinophilia". drmarkgriffiths. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
^ B, Alina (2016-03-09). "Belly Button Fetish and Arousal". TryHealthier. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tracey (April 23, 2015). "Her Belly Button". The Passionate Wife. Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ The Passionate Wife (2015-08-18). "The Secret Sexual Powers Of Your Belly Button". MyTinySecrets. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Tyagi, Pallavi (Jul 31, 2012). "Most pleasurable moan zones!". Times of India. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
^ ^a ^b A celebration of sex - Douglas E. Rosenau - Chapter 3 - Your Erogenous Zones.
^ Touch Me There!: A Hands-On Guide to Your Orgasmic Hot Spots - Yvonne K. Fulbright.
^ Victoria Zdrok (2008). Dr. Z on Scoring: How to Pick Up, Seduce and Hook Up with Hot Women. Simon and Schuster. p. 368. ISBN 9781416551553.
^ Holly (2014-01-16). "Tickle Fetish and Sexual Tickling Games". Kink Lovers. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ ^a ^b Hollander, Xaviera (2008-05-17). The Happy Hooker's Guide to Sex. Skyhorse. ISBN 9781602392403. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ The Anatomy of Pleasure - Victoria Zdrok - Chapter 11: The Stomach and Navel.
^ ^a ^b Alexia LaFata (July 20, 2015). "Erogenous Zones: 12 Unexpected Body Parts That Can Give You Pleasure". Elite Daily. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
^ ^a ^b "Six Surprise Sexy Spots". WebMD. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
^ Newson, John; Newson, Elizabeth (1968). Four Years Old in an Urban Community. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9780202366142. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ High Heels and Dollar Bills (Jan 13, 2012). "Belly Button Fetish". tumblr. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
^ "Breasts, toes and belly buttons What's your man's fetish?". Jamaica Observer. November 24, 2008. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
^ Heumann, Suzie (2008). The Rules of Love. Sterling Publishing Company. ISBN 9781402749322. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ "Who's who in the bedroom: Andrew Wilson explains everything you wanted to know about sex gurus, but were afraid to ask". The Independent. 1994-10-12. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ "Kissing secrets to build passion". The Times of India. Jun 6, 2009. Archived from the original on September 24, 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
^ Bahuguna, Meenu. "12 Surprising and Unique Uses for Ice Cubes". BollywoodShaadis.com. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
^ ^a ^b "My innie navel becomes an outie!". BME. July 3, 2001. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Griffiths, Mark (2015-05-11). "Candle with care: A beginner's guide to wax play". drmarkgriffiths. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
^ Greenring, Tanner (Aug 12, 2009). "10 Strange Fetishes Tame Enough For YouTube". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ Brown, Helen Gurley (1990). "Embarrassed to tell my boyfriend what turns me on". Cosmopolitan, Volume 208. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
^ Lisa Jewell; Fay Weldon; Jane Shilling; Tamasin Day-Lewis (December 6, 2014). "Body language: 'I was proud to have such an attractive innie'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
^ "navel fetish". Advicenators!. July 8, 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
^ "The Curious Case Of The Belly Button". Yahoo! News. 22 September 2015. Archived from the original on Aug 11, 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ "Poetry Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature · Volume 1". Poetry Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature. 1. Gale Research Incorporated: 170. 1990.
^ Daugherty, Sharon (August 2006). What Guys See That Girls Don't. Destiny Image Publishers. ISBN 9780768423686. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ Demarco, Joe (2011-04-05). Vegans Are Tastier. Author House. ISBN 9781456748289. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ McCombs, Emily (Oct 27, 2008). "Navel Fetishism, Is It Porn?". Asylum.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
^ "American Indian Art Magazine, Volume 32". American Indian Art Magazine. 32. American Indian Art Magazine: 117. 2006.
^ Bachi Karkaria (May 25, 2011). "Giving Gyan". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
^ Tanvi Trivedi (Sep 24, 2011). "Time for some novelty in body piercing". The Times of India. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
^ Bhonsle, R. (September 2008). Sex. Byword Books Private Limited. ISBN 9788181930293. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ Slade, Joseph W. (2001). Pornography and Sexual Representation. ISBN 9780313315206. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ "Song of Solomon". Fourmilab. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ Mordell, Albert (2004). The Erotic Motive in Literature. Kessinger. ISBN 9781417964994. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ Crawford, Gary L. (December 2007). In Celebration of Love, Marriage, and Sex. Xulon Press. ISBN 9781604775211. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ "Little Lion Face by May Swenson". Poets.org. Retrieved 3 June 2013.
^ May Swenson (2003). Complete Love Poems May Swenson. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 146. ISBN 978-0618340842.
^ Leyla Sanai (20 June 2015). "The Festival of Insignificance, by Milan Kundera: charming in so many ways it's easy to forgive him for the flawed female characters". Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Darryl Accone (2 Oct 2015). "Milan Kundera turns to navel gazing". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Walia, Shelley (July 24, 2015). "A bearable lightness". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Weesner, Ted (June 27, 2015). "'The Festival of Insignificance' by Milan Kundera". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Sampath, G. (January 2, 2016). "In Kundera's company in the new year". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Prasannarajan, S (25 June 2015). "Milan Kundera and the Art of the Navel". Open Magazine. Retrieved 2017-06-11.
^ Service, Robert William (13 January 2003). "Navels". Poem Hunter. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
^ Service, Robert William. "Navels". Short Quotes & Poems. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
^ Service, Robert William. "Navels". Poems&Poets. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2012.
^ Venugopalan, R. (2001). The Hidden Mysteries of Kundalini. Health & Harmony. ISBN 9788180560033. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
^ Allen, Samantha (20 September 2013). "Unfit to Print: A Textual History of Sexual Fetishism in the 20th Century" (PDF). Kinsey Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
^ Allen, Samantha (20 September 2013). "The Kinsey Institute's Holdings on Sexual Fetishism: An Annotated Bibliography" (PDF). Kinsey Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2015.
^ Viren Swami, Adrian Furnham (2008). The Psychology of Physical Attraction. Indiana University: Routledge. p. 134. ISBN 978-0415422505.
^ M, Groth (2000). "On the Umbilicus as a bisexual symbol". Psychoanalytic Psychology. 17 (2): 360–365. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.17.2.360.
^ Sisi Wendy (2015-11-30). "10 common sexual fetishes". The Cable. Retrieved 19 June 2016.
^ Keiles, Jamie Lauren (2015-08-21). "The Ins and Outies of the Belly Button Fetish Community". VICE. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

External links

Media related to Navel fetishism at Wikimedia Commons

[anil-1] Aggrawal, Anil (2009). Forensic and medico-legal aspects of sexual crimes and unusual sexual practices. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-1420043099. Retrieved 6 July 2014.

[t1-2] Rae, Jetta (March 13, 2015). Tandy, Katie (ed.). "Touch Me There!: The World Of Belly Button Worship". Ravishly. Archived from the original on 25 July 2015. Retrieved 24 July 2015.

[3] Lehmiller, Justin (4 November 2013). "Beyond The Foot: A Look At Some Of The Most Unusual Sexual Fetishes". Sex and Psychology. Retrieved 6 July 2014.

[4] Pinto, Isaidy (2013-04-20). "Prevalence of Fetishes". Ramblings of a Psychology Student. Retrieved 6 July 2014.

[:0-5] Clinton, Tim; Laaser, Mark (April 2010). The Quick-Reference Guide to Sexuality & Relationship Counseling. Baker Books. ISBN 9780801072369. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[6] "Navel Fetishism". wrongdiagnosis.com. Archived from the original on Mar 18, 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[allexperts1-7] Cicchelli, Christina (2009). "Fetishism: Navel, navel fetish, navel torture". AllExperts. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[8] The Disappearance of the Universe - Gary R. Renard - Chapter 14 - Better Than Sex.

[9] Bering, Jesse (July 29, 2013). "Partial for Protuberant: The Man Who Was Into "Outies"". Scientific American. Retrieved 4 August 2013.

[10] Heilbrunn, G. (1975). "On the Erotization of the Umbilicus". The Psychoanalytic Quarterly. 44 (2): 269–73. doi:10.1080/21674086.1975.11926713. PMID 1129393.

[11] Boer, Roland (1999). Knocking on Heaven's Door. Psychology Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-415-19411-2.

[auto-12] Griffiths, Mark (2012-11-29). "Called up for navel duty: A beginner's guide to alvinophilia". drmarkgriffiths. Retrieved 6 July 2014.

[13] B, Alina (2016-03-09). "Belly Button Fetish and Arousal". TryHealthier. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[pw-14] Tracey (April 23, 2015). "Her Belly Button". The Passionate Wife. Archived from the original on May 24, 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[15] The Passionate Wife (2015-08-18). "The Secret Sexual Powers Of Your Belly Button". MyTinySecrets. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[16] Tyagi, Pallavi (Jul 31, 2012). "Most pleasurable moan zones!". Times of India. Retrieved 25 July 2015.

[Rosenau-17] A celebration of sex - Douglas E. Rosenau - Chapter 3 - Your Erogenous Zones.

[18] Touch Me There!: A Hands-On Guide to Your Orgasmic Hot Spots - Yvonne K. Fulbright.

[19] Victoria Zdrok (2008). Dr. Z on Scoring: How to Pick Up, Seduce and Hook Up with Hot Women. Simon and Schuster. p. 368. ISBN 9781416551553.

[20] Holly (2014-01-16). "Tickle Fetish and Sexual Tickling Games". Kink Lovers. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[google1-21] Hollander, Xaviera (2008-05-17). The Happy Hooker's Guide to Sex. Skyhorse. ISBN 9781602392403. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[22] The Anatomy of Pleasure - Victoria Zdrok - Chapter 11: The Stomach and Navel.

[elite-23] Alexia LaFata (July 20, 2015). "Erogenous Zones: 12 Unexpected Body Parts That Can Give You Pleasure". Elite Daily. Retrieved 26 July 2015.

[webmd-24] "Six Surprise Sexy Spots". WebMD. Retrieved 26 July 2015.

[25] Newson, John; Newson, Elizabeth (1968). Four Years Old in an Urban Community. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 9780202366142. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[26] High Heels and Dollar Bills (Jan 13, 2012). "Belly Button Fetish". tumblr. Retrieved 16 February 2012.

[27] "Breasts, toes and belly buttons What's your man's fetish?". Jamaica Observer. November 24, 2008. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.

[28] Heumann, Suzie (2008). The Rules of Love. Sterling Publishing Company. ISBN 9781402749322. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[29] "Who's who in the bedroom: Andrew Wilson explains everything you wanted to know about sex gurus, but were afraid to ask". The Independent. 1994-10-12. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[30] "Kissing secrets to build passion". The Times of India. Jun 6, 2009. Archived from the original on September 24, 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2012.

[31] Bahuguna, Meenu. "12 Surprising and Unique Uses for Ice Cubes". BollywoodShaadis.com. Archived from the original on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.

[bme-32] "My innie navel becomes an outie!". BME. July 3, 2001. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[33] Griffiths, Mark (2015-05-11). "Candle with care: A beginner's guide to wax play". drmarkgriffiths. Retrieved 1 August 2015.

[34] Greenring, Tanner (Aug 12, 2009). "10 Strange Fetishes Tame Enough For YouTube". BuzzFeed. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[35] Brown, Helen Gurley (1990). "Embarrassed to tell my boyfriend what turns me on". Cosmopolitan, Volume 208. Retrieved 6 February 2012.

[36] Lisa Jewell; Fay Weldon; Jane Shilling; Tamasin Day-Lewis (December 6, 2014). "Body language: 'I was proud to have such an attractive innie'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 1 February 2015.

[37] "navel fetish". Advicenators!. July 8, 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2012.

[38] "The Curious Case Of The Belly Button". Yahoo! News. 22 September 2015. Archived from the original on Aug 11, 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[39] "Poetry Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature · Volume 1". Poetry Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature. 1. Gale Research Incorporated: 170. 1990.

[40] Daugherty, Sharon (August 2006). What Guys See That Girls Don't. Destiny Image Publishers. ISBN 9780768423686. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[41] Demarco, Joe (2011-04-05). Vegans Are Tastier. Author House. ISBN 9781456748289. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[42] McCombs, Emily (Oct 27, 2008). "Navel Fetishism, Is It Porn?". Asylum.com. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 16 February 2012.

[43] "American Indian Art Magazine, Volume 32". American Indian Art Magazine. 32. American Indian Art Magazine: 117. 2006.

[mm-44] Bachi Karkaria (May 25, 2011). "Giving Gyan". Mumbai Mirror. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2012.

[45] Tanvi Trivedi (Sep 24, 2011). "Time for some novelty in body piercing". The Times of India. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2012.

[46] Bhonsle, R. (September 2008). Sex. Byword Books Private Limited. ISBN 9788181930293. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[p-47] Slade, Joseph W. (2001). Pornography and Sexual Representation. ISBN 9780313315206. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[48] "Song of Solomon". Fourmilab. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[49] Mordell, Albert (2004). The Erotic Motive in Literature. Kessinger. ISBN 9781417964994. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[50] Crawford, Gary L. (December 2007). In Celebration of Love, Marriage, and Sex. Xulon Press. ISBN 9781604775211. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[51] "Little Lion Face by May Swenson". Poets.org. Retrieved 3 June 2013.

[52] May Swenson (2003). Complete Love Poems May Swenson. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 146. ISBN 978-0618340842.

[53] Leyla Sanai (20 June 2015). "The Festival of Insignificance, by Milan Kundera: charming in so many ways it's easy to forgive him for the flawed female characters". Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[54] Darryl Accone (2 Oct 2015). "Milan Kundera turns to navel gazing". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[55] Walia, Shelley (July 24, 2015). "A bearable lightness". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[56] Weesner, Ted (June 27, 2015). "'The Festival of Insignificance' by Milan Kundera". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[57] Sampath, G. (January 2, 2016). "In Kundera's company in the new year". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[58] Prasannarajan, S (25 June 2015). "Milan Kundera and the Art of the Navel". Open Magazine. Retrieved 2017-06-11.

[59] Service, Robert William (13 January 2003). "Navels". Poem Hunter. Retrieved 17 February 2012.

[60] Service, Robert William. "Navels". Short Quotes & Poems. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2012.

[61] Service, Robert William. "Navels". Poems&Poets. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2012.

[62] Venugopalan, R. (2001). The Hidden Mysteries of Kundalini. Health & Harmony. ISBN 9788180560033. Retrieved 16 April 2015.

[63] Allen, Samantha (20 September 2013). "Unfit to Print: A Textual History of Sexual Fetishism in the 20th Century" (PDF). Kinsey Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2015.

[64] Allen, Samantha (20 September 2013). "The Kinsey Institute's Holdings on Sexual Fetishism: An Annotated Bibliography" (PDF). Kinsey Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2015.

[65] Viren Swami, Adrian Furnham (2008). The Psychology of Physical Attraction. Indiana University: Routledge. p. 134. ISBN 978-0415422505.

[66] M, Groth (2000). "On the Umbilicus as a bisexual symbol". Psychoanalytic Psychology. 17 (2): 360–365. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.17.2.360.

[67] Sisi Wendy (2015-11-30). "10 common sexual fetishes". The Cable. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

[vice-68] Keiles, Jamie Lauren (2015-08-21). "The Ins and Outies of the Belly Button Fetish Community". VICE. Retrieved 19 June 2016.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Sexual interest focused on the navel}}
-[[File:Human navel, female.jpg|thumb|250px|Closeup of a female navel]]
+[[File:Human navel, female.jpg|thumb|Closeup of a female navel]]
+'''Navel fetishism''', '''belly button fetishism''', or '''alvinophilia'''<ref name="anil">{{cite book |last1=Aggrawal |first1=Anil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNkNhPZQprcC&pg=PA121 |title=Forensic and medico-legal aspects of sexual crimes and unusual sexual practices |date=2009 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-1420043099 |location=[[Boca Raton, Florida]] |page=121 |access-date=6 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="t1">{{cite web |last1=Rae |first1=Jetta |date=March 13, 2015 |editor-last=Tandy |editor-first=Katie |title=Touch Me There!: The World Of Belly Button Worship |url=http://www.ravishly.com/2015/03/13/touch-me-there-world-belly-button-worship-science-erotica |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725013048/http://www.ravishly.com/2015/03/13/touch-me-there-world-belly-button-worship-science-erotica |archive-date=25 July 2015 |access-date=24 July 2015 |website=Ravishly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lehmiller |first=Justin |date=4 November 2013 |title=Beyond The Foot: A Look At Some Of The Most Unusual Sexual Fetishes |url=http://www.lehmiller.com/blog/2013/11/4/beyond-the-foot-a-look-at-some-of-the-most-unusual-sexual-fetishes |access-date=6 July 2014 |website=Sex and Psychology}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Pinto |first=Isaidy |date=2013-04-20 |title=Prevalence of Fetishes |url=http://isaidy.wordpress.com/2013/04/20/prevalence-of-fetishes/ |access-date=6 July 2014 |website=Ramblings of a Psychology Student}}</ref> is a [[partialism]] in which an individual is attracted to the human [[navel]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Clinton |first1=Tim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yrpBwDjEOQYC&pg=PA178 |title=The Quick-Reference Guide to Sexuality & Relationship Counseling |last2=Laaser |first2=Mark |date=April 2010 |publisher=Baker Books |isbn=9780801072369 |access-date=16 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Navel Fetishism |url=http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/n/navel_fetishism/intro.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318105241/http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/n/navel_fetishism/intro.htm |archive-date=Mar 18, 2014 |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=wrongdiagnosis.com}}</ref><ref name="allexperts1">{{cite web |last=Cicchelli |first=Christina |date=2009 |title=Fetishism: Navel, navel fetish, navel torture |url=http://en.allexperts.com/q/Fetishism-2835/2009/11/Navel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119025624/http://en.allexperts.com/q/Fetishism-2835/2009/11/Navel.htm |archive-date=19 January 2011 |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=AllExperts}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=J-oYcg4Y2dEC&q=belly+button+fetish The Disappearance of the Universe - Gary R. Renard - Chapter 14 - Better Than Sex].</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bering |first=Jesse |date=July 29, 2013 |title=Partial for Protuberant: The Man Who Was Into "Outies" |url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/bering-in-mind/2013/07/29/partial-for-protuberant-the-man-who-was-into-outies/ |access-date=4 August 2013 |publisher=Scientific American}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Heilbrunn|first=G.|title=On the Erotization of the Umbilicus |journal=The Psychoanalytic Quarterly|year=1975|volume=44|issue=2|pages=269–73|doi=10.1080/21674086.1975.11926713|pmid=1129393}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Boer |first=Roland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqnXzgLDqEgC&pg=PA166 |title=Knocking on Heaven's Door |date=1999 |publisher=Psychology Press |pages=166|isbn=978-0-415-19411-2 }}</ref>
-[[File:Nice (2615455194).jpg|thumb|250px|Male human navel]]
-'''Navel fetishism''', '''belly button fetishism''', or '''alvinophilia'''<ref name="anil">{{cite book |last1=Aggrawal |first1=Anil |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uNkNhPZQprcC&pg=PA121 |title=Forensic and medico-legal aspects of sexual crimes and unusual sexual practices |date=2009 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=978-1420043099 |location=[[Boca Raton, Florida]] |page=121 |access-date=6 July 2014}}</ref><ref name="t1">{{cite web |last1=Rae |first1=Jetta |date=March 13, 2015 |editor-last=Tandy |editor-first=Katie |title=Touch Me There!: The World Of Belly Button Worship |url=http://www.ravishly.com/2015/03/13/touch-me-there-world-belly-button-worship-science-erotica |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150725013048/http://www.ravishly.com/2015/03/13/touch-me-there-world-belly-button-worship-science-erotica |archive-date=25 July 2015 |access-date=24 July 2015 |website=Ravishly}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Lehmiller |first=Justin |date=4 November 2013 |title=Beyond The Foot: A Look At Some Of The Most Unusual Sexual Fetishes |url=http://www.lehmiller.com/blog/2013/11/4/beyond-the-foot-a-look-at-some-of-the-most-unusual-sexual-fetishes |access-date=6 July 2014 |website=Sex and Psychology}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Pinto |first=Isaidy |date=2013-04-20 |title=Prevalence of Fetishes |url=http://isaidy.wordpress.com/2013/04/20/prevalence-of-fetishes/ |access-date=6 July 2014 |website=Ramblings of a Psychology Student}}</ref> is a [[partialism]] in which an individual is attracted to the human [[navel]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Clinton |first1=Tim |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yrpBwDjEOQYC&pg=PA178 |title=The Quick-Reference Guide to Sexuality & Relationship Counseling |last2=Laaser |first2=Mark |date=April 2010 |isbn=9780801072369 |access-date=16 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Navel Fetishism |url=http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/n/navel_fetishism/intro.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318105241/http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/n/navel_fetishism/intro.htm |archive-date=Mar 18, 2014 |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=wrongdiagnosis.com}}</ref><ref name="allexperts1">{{cite web |last=Cicchelli |first=Christina |date=2009 |title=Fetishism: Navel, navel fetish, navel torture |url=http://en.allexperts.com/q/Fetishism-2835/2009/11/Navel.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119025624/http://en.allexperts.com/q/Fetishism-2835/2009/11/Navel.htm |archive-date=19 January 2011 |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=AllExperts}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=J-oYcg4Y2dEC&q=belly+button+fetish The Disappearance of the Universe - Gary R. Renard - Chapter 14 - Better Than Sex].</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bering |first=Jesse |date=July 29, 2013 |title=Partial for Protuberant: The Man Who Was Into "Outies" |url=http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/bering-in-mind/2013/07/29/partial-for-protuberant-the-man-who-was-into-outies/ |access-date=4 August 2013 |publisher=Scientific American}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Heilbrunn|first=G.|title=On the Erotization of the Umbilicus |journal=The Psychoanalytic Quarterly|year=1975|volume=44|issue=2|pages=269–73|doi=10.1080/21674086.1975.11926713|pmid=1129393}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Boer |first=Roland |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TqnXzgLDqEgC&pg=PA166 |title=Knocking on Heaven's Door |date=1999 |publisher=Psychology Press |pages=166}}</ref>
-In 2012, it was the second most popular fetish search on [[Google]] as per their global monthly averages.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Page |first1=Lola |date=2012-10-04 |title=The Most Popular Fetishes on Google Search |url=http://kinklovers.com/bdsm-facts/most-popular-fetishes/ |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=Kink Lovers}}</ref>
 ==Stimuli==
-[[File:Charlotte Stokely, Jasmine Tame on Set With Da Vinci Load 3.jpg|thumb|upright|Licking the navel is arousing for some.]]
-[[File:An ice cube in a girls belly.jpg|thumb|An ice cube in a woman's navel]]
 A navel fetishist can be [[sexually aroused]] by a variety of stimuli, including key words, thoughts or specific forms of physical interaction with the navel.<ref name="anil"/><ref name=t1 /><ref name="auto">{{cite web |last1=Griffiths |first1=Mark |date=2012-11-29 |title=Called up for navel duty: A beginner's guide to alvinophilia |url=http://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2012/11/29/called-up-for-navel-duty-a-beginners-guide-to-alvinophilia/ |access-date=6 July 2014 |website=drmarkgriffiths}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=B |first1=Alina |date=2016-03-09 |title=Belly Button Fetish and Arousal |url=http://tryhealthier.com/belly-button-fetish-and-arousal/ |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=TryHealthier}}</ref><ref name="pw">{{cite web |last1=Tracey |date=April 23, 2015 |title=Her Belly Button |url=http://www.thepassionatewife.com/her-belly-button/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524090518/http://www.thepassionatewife.com/her-belly-button/ |archive-date=May 24, 2016 |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=The Passionate Wife}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=The Passionate Wife |date=2015-08-18 |title=The Secret Sexual Powers Of Your Belly Button |url=http://mytinysecrets.com/the-secret-sexual-powers-of-your-belly-button/ |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=MyTinySecrets}}</ref>
 ===Physical activity===
+The navel region is an [[erogenous zone]] with heightened sensitivity<ref name=t1 /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tyagi|first1=Pallavi|title=Most pleasurable moan zones!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/man-woman/Most-pleasurable-moan-zones/pmredirectshow/3599131.cms?curpg=2|access-date=25 July 2015|work=Times of India|date=Jul 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Rosenau>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uHIsvrnnvPkC&q=foreplay+navel A celebration of sex - Douglas E. Rosenau - Chapter 3 - Your Erogenous Zones].</ref> that when touched by the finger or the tip of the tongue can produce erotic sensations.<ref name="pw"/><ref name=Rosenau /><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ngakMuLJO7wC&q=Navel&pg=PA145 Touch Me There!: A Hands-On Guide to Your Orgasmic Hot Spots - Yvonne K. Fulbright].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Victoria Zdrok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2xIAqZuYNkC&pg=PA260 |title=Dr. Z on Scoring: How to Pick Up, Seduce and Hook Up with Hot Women |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2008 |isbn=9781416551553 |page=368}}</ref> Individuals who are [[ticklish]] in that area<ref>{{cite web |last=Holly |date=2014-01-16 |title=Tickle Fetish and Sexual Tickling Games |url=http://kinklovers.com/bdsm-fetishes/tickle-fetish/ |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=Kink Lovers}}</ref> can be aroused by tickling, [[blowing raspberries]], or being teased with a feather, flower, or blade of grass.<ref name=t1 /><ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-kU4M_SC2QC&q=navel+bdsm|title=The Happy Hooker's Guide to Sex|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9781602392403|last1=Hollander|first1=Xaviera|date=2008-05-17|publisher=Skyhorse }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Cx62zwSwbcsC&q=navel The Anatomy of Pleasure - Victoria Zdrok - Chapter 11: The Stomach and Navel].</ref> [[Fingering (sexual act)|Fingering]] the navel is also a common act.<ref name="elite"/><ref name="webmd"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFAngBXfPTMC&q=Navel+tickle|title=Four Years Old in an Urban Community|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9780202366142|last1=Newson|first1=John|last2=Newson|first2=Elizabeth|year=1968|publisher=Transaction Publishers }}</ref>
-Some navel fetishists find physical acts involving the navel to be turn-ons.<ref name="anil"/><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web |last=High Heels and Dollar Bills |date=Jan 13, 2012 |title=Belly Button Fetish |url=http://highheelsanddollarbills.tumblr.com/post/15784851348/belly-button-fetish |url-access=registration |access-date=16 February 2012 |website=tumblr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Breasts, toes and belly buttons What's your man's fetish?|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/142937_Breasts--toes-and-belly-buttons-What-s-your-man-s-fetish-|access-date=6 July 2014|work=Jamaica Observer|date=November 24, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213608/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/142937_Breasts--toes-and-belly-buttons-What-s-your-man-s-fetish-|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> Physical acts can include licking the navel; applying body lotion or [[Sunscreen|suntan oil]]; and pouring substances like [[champagne]], [[honey]], [[chocolate sauce]] or [[whipped cream]] into and around the navel and licking or sucking it up.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWgOlypjggYC&q=navel|title=The Rules of Love|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9781402749322|last1=Heumann|first1=Suzie|year=2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/whos-who-in-the-bedroom-andrew-wilson-explains-everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-sex-gurus-but-were-afraid-to-ask-1442646.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/whos-who-in-the-bedroom-andrew-wilson-explains-everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-sex-gurus-but-were-afraid-to-ask-1442646.html |archive-date=2022-06-18 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Who's who in the bedroom: Andrew Wilson explains everything you wanted to know about sex gurus, but were afraid to ask|work=The Independent|access-date=16 April 2015|date=1994-10-12}}</ref> Similarly, licking or rolling the tongue into the navel while underwater can produce erotic sensations,<ref name="pw"/><ref name="elite">{{cite news|last1=Alexia LaFata|title=Erogenous Zones: 12 Unexpected Body Parts That Can Give You Pleasure|url=http://elitedaily.com/dating/unexpected-body-parts-pleasure/1115149/|access-date=26 July 2015|work=Elite Daily|date=July 20, 2015}}</ref><ref name="webmd">{{cite web |title=Six Surprise Sexy Spots |url=http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/features/six-surprise-sexy-spots?page=2 |access-date=26 July 2015 |website=WebMD}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kissing secrets to build passion|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-06/man-woman/28169965_1_kiss-partner-water|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924081135/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-06/man-woman/28169965_1_kiss-partner-water|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 24, 2013|access-date=17 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=Jun 6, 2009}}</ref> as can an ice cube when rubbed over or rested over the navel.<ref name="pw"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Bahuguna |first=Meenu |title=12 Surprising and Unique Uses for Ice Cubes |url=http://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/article/lifestyle--health/health--fitness/12-surprising-and-unique-uses-for-ice-cubes/page/12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508042548/http://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/article/lifestyle--health/health--fitness/12-surprising-and-unique-uses-for-ice-cubes/page/12 |archive-date=8 May 2013 |access-date=22 May 2013 |publisher=BollywoodShaadis.com}}</ref>
+Some navel fetishists find physical acts involving the navel to be sexually arousing.<ref name="anil"/><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web |last=High Heels and Dollar Bills |date=Jan 13, 2012 |title=Belly Button Fetish |url=http://highheelsanddollarbills.tumblr.com/post/15784851348/belly-button-fetish |url-access=registration |access-date=16 February 2012 |website=tumblr}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Breasts, toes and belly buttons What's your man's fetish?|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/142937_Breasts--toes-and-belly-buttons-What-s-your-man-s-fetish-|access-date=6 July 2014|work=Jamaica Observer|date=November 24, 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213608/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/142937_Breasts--toes-and-belly-buttons-What-s-your-man-s-fetish-|archive-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> These physical acts can include licking the navel; applying body lotion or [[Sunscreen|suntan oil]]; and pouring substances like [[champagne]], [[honey]], [[chocolate sauce]] or [[whipped cream]] into and around the navel and licking or sucking it up.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bWgOlypjggYC&q=navel|title=The Rules of Love|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9781402749322|last1=Heumann|first1=Suzie|year=2008|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/whos-who-in-the-bedroom-andrew-wilson-explains-everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-sex-gurus-but-were-afraid-to-ask-1442646.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/whos-who-in-the-bedroom-andrew-wilson-explains-everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-sex-gurus-but-were-afraid-to-ask-1442646.html |archive-date=2022-06-18 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Who's who in the bedroom: Andrew Wilson explains everything you wanted to know about sex gurus, but were afraid to ask|work=The Independent|access-date=16 April 2015|date=1994-10-12}}</ref> Similarly, licking or rolling the tongue into the navel while underwater can produce erotic sensations,<ref name="pw"/><ref name="elite">{{cite news|last1=Alexia LaFata|title=Erogenous Zones: 12 Unexpected Body Parts That Can Give You Pleasure|url=http://elitedaily.com/dating/unexpected-body-parts-pleasure/1115149/|access-date=26 July 2015|work=Elite Daily|date=July 20, 2015}}</ref><ref name="webmd">{{cite web |title=Six Surprise Sexy Spots |url=http://www.webmd.com/sex-relationships/features/six-surprise-sexy-spots?page=2 |access-date=26 July 2015 |website=WebMD}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Kissing secrets to build passion|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-06/man-woman/28169965_1_kiss-partner-water|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130924081135/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-06/man-woman/28169965_1_kiss-partner-water|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 24, 2013|access-date=17 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=Jun 6, 2009}}</ref> as can an ice cube when rubbed over or rested over the navel.<ref name="pw"/><ref>{{cite web |last=Bahuguna |first=Meenu |title=12 Surprising and Unique Uses for Ice Cubes |url=http://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/article/lifestyle--health/health--fitness/12-surprising-and-unique-uses-for-ice-cubes/page/12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508042548/http://www.bollywoodshaadis.com/article/lifestyle--health/health--fitness/12-surprising-and-unique-uses-for-ice-cubes/page/12 |archive-date=8 May 2013 |access-date=22 May 2013 |publisher=BollywoodShaadis.com}}</ref>
-The navel region is an [[erogenous zone]] with heightened sensitivity<ref name=t1 /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Tyagi|first1=Pallavi|title=Most pleasurable moan zones!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/relationships/man-woman/Most-pleasurable-moan-zones/pmredirectshow/3599131.cms?curpg=2|access-date=25 July 2015|work=Times of India|date=Jul 31, 2012}}</ref><ref name=Rosenau>[https://books.google.com/books?id=uHIsvrnnvPkC&q=foreplay+navel A celebration of sex - Douglas E. Rosenau - Chapter 3 - Your Erogenous Zones].</ref> that when touched by the finger or the tip of the tongue can produce erotic sensations.<ref name="pw"/><ref name=Rosenau /><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ngakMuLJO7wC&q=Navel&pg=PA145 Touch Me There!: A Hands-On Guide to Your Orgasmic Hot Spots - Yvonne K. Fulbright].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Victoria Zdrok |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2xIAqZuYNkC&pg=PA260 |title=Dr. Z on Scoring: How to Pick Up, Seduce and Hook Up with Hot Women |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2008 |isbn=9781416551553 |page=368}}</ref> Individuals who are [[ticklish]] in that area<ref>{{cite web |last=Holly |date=2014-01-16 |title=Tickle Fetish and Sexual Tickling Games |url=http://kinklovers.com/bdsm-fetishes/tickle-fetish/ |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=Kink Lovers}}</ref> can be aroused by tickling, [[blowing raspberries]], or being teased with a feather, flower, or blade of grass.<ref name=t1 /><ref name="google1">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C-kU4M_SC2QC&q=navel+bdsm|title=The Happy Hooker's Guide to Sex|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9781602392403|last1=Hollander|first1=Xaviera|date=2008-05-17}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Cx62zwSwbcsC&q=navel The Anatomy of Pleasure - Victoria Zdrok - Chapter 11: The Stomach and Navel].</ref> [[Fingering (sexual act)|Fingering]] the navel is also a common act.<ref name="elite"/><ref name="webmd"/><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFAngBXfPTMC&q=Navel+tickle|title=Four Years Old in an Urban Community|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9780202366142|last1=Newson|first1=John|last2=Newson|first2=Elizabeth|year=1968}}</ref>
-[[File:Belly-dancer-costume.jpg|thumb|upright|A [[belly dance]]r with a [[navel piercing]]]]
 Some prefer to perform navel torture, a series of pain-inflicting acts such as sucking or pulling the navel out (often with a syringe), dripping hot oil or wax into the navel, poking pins into the navel,<ref name="bme">{{cite web |date=July 3, 2001 |title=My innie navel becomes an outie! |url=https://www.bme.com/media/story/848103/?cat=pierce/07-navel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520103447/https://www.bme.com/media/story/848103/?cat=pierce/07-navel |archive-date=May 20, 2019 |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=BME}}</ref> and [[stabbing]] the navel.<ref name="anil"/><ref name=t1 /><ref name="allexperts1"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Griffiths |first1=Mark |date=2015-05-11 |title=Candle with care: A beginner's guide to wax play |url=https://drmarkgriffiths.wordpress.com/2015/05/11/candle-with-care-a-beginners-guide-to-wax-play%e2%80%ac/ |access-date=1 August 2015 |website=drmarkgriffiths}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Greenring |first=Tanner |date=Aug 12, 2009 |title=10 Strange Fetishes Tame Enough For YouTube |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/awesomer/10-strange-fetishes-tame-enough-for-youtube-cci |access-date=16 April 2015 |work=BuzzFeed}}</ref>
-This attention is usually directed at a partner's navel,<ref name="bme" /><ref name=":0" /> but may include a fixation on the fetishist's own navel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Embarrassed to tell my boyfriend what turns me on|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-GtNAQAAIAAJ&q=navel+fetish|access-date=6 February 2012|newspaper=Cosmopolitan, Volume 208|date=1990}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Lisa Jewell |author2=Fay Weldon |author3=Jane Shilling |author4=Tamasin Day-Lewis |date=December 6, 2014 |title=Body language: 'I was proud to have such an attractive innie' |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11273023/Body-confidence-I-was-proud-to-have-such-an-attractive-innie.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2011 |title=navel fetish |url=http://www.advicenators.com/qview.php?q=596193 |access-date=16 February 2012 |website=Advicenators!}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= |date=22 September 2015 |title=The Curious Case Of The Belly Button |work=Yahoo! News |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/curious-case-belly-button-051447166.html |access-date=19 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811162336/https://in.news.yahoo.com/curious-case-belly-button-051447166.html |archive-date=Aug 11, 2016}}</ref>
+This attention is usually directed at a partner's navel,<ref name="bme" /><ref name=":0" /> but may include a fixation on the fetishist's own navel.<ref>{{cite news|title=Embarrassed to tell my boyfriend what turns me on|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-GtNAQAAIAAJ&q=navel+fetish|access-date=6 February 2012|newspaper=Cosmopolitan, Volume 208|date=1990 | last1=Brown | first1=Helen Gurley }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Lisa Jewell |author2=Fay Weldon |author3=Jane Shilling |author4=Tamasin Day-Lewis |date=December 6, 2014 |title=Body language: 'I was proud to have such an attractive innie' |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11273023/Body-confidence-I-was-proud-to-have-such-an-attractive-innie.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=July 8, 2011 |title=navel fetish |url=http://www.advicenators.com/qview.php?q=596193 |access-date=16 February 2012 |website=Advicenators!}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1= |date=22 September 2015 |title=The Curious Case Of The Belly Button |work=Yahoo! News |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/curious-case-belly-button-051447166.html |access-date=19 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811162336/https://in.news.yahoo.com/curious-case-belly-button-051447166.html |archive-date=Aug 11, 2016}}</ref>
+[[File:Charlotte Stokely, Jasmine Tame on Set With Da Vinci Load 3.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Navel licking during shooting of a [[pornographic film]]]]
-A [[sex worker]] in Turkey stated that some men have attempted to have [[sexual intercourse]] with her navel.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Corner|first1=Natalie|title=Prostitute claims a Turkish man could kill his wife after trying to have sex through the belly button|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/tv/tv-news/prostitute-claims-turkish-man-could-7511015#|access-date=18 June 2016|work=The Mirror|date=March 7, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Commons |first1=Jess |date=9 March 2016 |title=Belly Button Sex and Escaped ISIS Sex Slaves: Stacey Dooley on What Sex is Like in Turkey |work=The Debrief |url=http://www.thedebrief.co.uk/things-to-do/tv-and-film/belly-button-sex-and-escaped-isis-sex-slaves-stacey-dooley-on-what-sex-is-like-in-turkey-20160362507 |access-date=18 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614014317/http://www.thedebrief.co.uk/things-to-do/tv-and-film/belly-button-sex-and-escaped-isis-sex-slaves-stacey-dooley-on-what-sex-is-like-in-turkey-20160362507 |archive-date=Jun 14, 2016}}</ref>
-[[Maria Menounos]] stated at the Howard Stern Show she had male doctors compliment and touch her [[belly button ring]] during examinations.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Maria Menounos Says She Was Sexually Abused by Doctors |url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/06/maria-menounos-says-she-was-sexually-abused-by-doctors |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-11 |title=Maria Menounos Molestation Bomb: Doctors Have Been Inappropriate With Me! |url=https://www.eonline.com/news/322644/maria-menounos-molestation-bomb-doctors-have-been-inappropriate-with-me |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=E! Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-15 |title=Maria Menounos reveals she’s been sexually abused by multiple doctors during examinations |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615155756/http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/maria-menounos-reveals-sexually-abused-multiple-doctors-examinations-article-1.1093546 |access-date=2024-04-04 |website=web.archive.org}}</ref>
 ===Viewing and fantasizing activity===
-Some navel fetishists can be aroused by viewing a navel.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1990 |title=Poetry Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature · Volume 1 |journal=Poetry Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature |publisher=Gale Research Incorporated |volume=1 |pages=170}}</ref> In the case of a heterosexual man, a woman in [[bikini]] or [[Low-rise (fashion)|low-rise]] clothing like [[jeans]], [[shorts]], etc., that reveals the navel is also considered sexually arousing.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3kx5Z42GPYC&q=belly+button+lust|title=What Guys See That Girls Don't|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9780768423686|last1=Daugherty|first1=Sharon|date=August 2006}}</ref> Indian journalist [[Bachi Karkaria]] once commented, "The navel is an erogenous zone. This is the reason why its exposure is always in fashion. Women have flashed it through the ages because men are turned on by it. It is shown because it wants to be seen".<ref name="mm">{{cite news|last=Bachi Karkaria|title=Giving Gyan|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=120&contentid=2011052520110525033843801bf219193&subsite=|access-date=19 February 2012|newspaper=Mumbai Mirror|date=May 25, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129051600/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=120&contentid=2011052520110525033843801bf219193&subsite=|archive-date=29 January 2013}}</ref>
+Some navel fetishists can be aroused by viewing a navel.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1990 |title=Poetry Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature · Volume 1 |journal=Poetry Criticism Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of the Most Significant and Widely Studied Poets of World Literature |publisher=Gale Research Incorporated |volume=1 |pages=170}}</ref> In the case of a heterosexual man, a woman in [[bikini]] or [[Low-rise (fashion)|low-rise]] clothing like [[jeans]], [[shorts]], etc., that reveals the navel is also considered sexually arousing.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g3kx5Z42GPYC&q=belly+button+lust|title=What Guys See That Girls Don't|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9780768423686|last1=Daugherty|first1=Sharon|date=August 2006|publisher=Destiny Image Publishers }}</ref>
-Videos featuring above said physical acts are very common and are viewed worldwide. Their popularity has become more compared to regular porn videos.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gpuLLzLjKEC&q=belly+button+africa&pg=PA154|title=Vegans Are Tastier|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9781456748289|last1=Demarco|first1=Joe|date=2011-04-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=McCombs |first=Emily |date=Oct 27, 2008 |title=Navel Fetishism, Is It Porn? |url=http://www.asylum.com/2008/10/27/navel-fetishism-is-it-porn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302190600/http://www.asylum.com/2008/10/27/navel-fetishism-is-it-porn |archive-date=2 March 2012 |access-date=16 February 2012 |publisher=Asylum.com}}</ref>
+Videos featuring above said physical acts are very common and are viewed worldwide. Their popularity has become more compared to regular porn videos.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-gpuLLzLjKEC&q=belly+button+africa&pg=PA154|title=Vegans Are Tastier|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9781456748289|last1=Demarco|first1=Joe|date=2011-04-05|publisher=Author House }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=McCombs |first=Emily |date=Oct 27, 2008 |title=Navel Fetishism, Is It Porn? |url=http://www.asylum.com/2008/10/27/navel-fetishism-is-it-porn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302190600/http://www.asylum.com/2008/10/27/navel-fetishism-is-it-porn |archive-date=2 March 2012 |access-date=16 February 2012 |publisher=Asylum.com}}</ref>
-[[Fetish model]] Wonderhussy stated in her blog that she had performed in belly button fetish videos in which she laid back and played with her belly button, poking her finger in it and stretching it out.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011-06-09 |title=The Girl's Guide to Being A Fetish Model |url=http://wonderhussy.com/the-girls-guide-to-being-a-fetish-model/ |access-date=2 August 2015 |website=Wonderhussy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811104619/https://wonderhussy.com/the-girls-guide-to-being-a-fetish-model/|archive-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> Other models such as Elan Kane,<ref>{{cite web |last=kane |first=elan |date=April 22, 2013 |title=Elan just can't get enough of her belly button today!|url=http://elankane.tumblr.com/post/48637764744/elan-just-cant-get-enough-of-her-belly-button |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313090450/http://elankane.tumblr.com/post/48637764744/elan-just-cant-get-enough-of-her-belly-button |archive-date=13 March 2015 |access-date=2 August 2015 |website=Tumblr}}{{self-published source|date=December 2023}}</ref> Indica<ref>{{cite web |title=Indica |url=http://www.modelmayhem.com/3387767 |access-date=2 August 2015 |website=Model Mayhem}}{{Failed verification|date=December 2023}}</ref> etc., have also featured in similar videos.
+[[Belly dancers]] often have [[navel piercing]]s or insert [[sequin]]s into their navels to make it look attractive when they perform.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2006 |title=American Indian Art Magazine, Volume 32 |journal=American Indian Art Magazine |publisher=American Indian Art Magazine |volume=32 |pages=117}}</ref><ref name="mm">{{cite news |last=Bachi Karkaria |date=May 25, 2011 |title=Giving Gyan |url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=120&contentid=2011052520110525033843801bf219193&subsite= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129051600/http://www.mumbaimirror.com/printarticle.aspx?page=comments&action=translate&sectid=120&contentid=2011052520110525033843801bf219193&subsite= |archive-date=29 January 2013 |access-date=19 February 2012 |newspaper=Mumbai Mirror}}</ref> Not only them, many young everyday women also have them to add a charm to their navels.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tanvi Trivedi|title=Time for some novelty in body piercing|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-24/beauty/30115768_1_body-piercing-eyebrows-navel|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701132510/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-24/beauty/30115768_1_body-piercing-eyebrows-navel|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 1, 2012|access-date=19 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=Sep 24, 2011}}</ref> Such decorations also arouse when seen.<ref name="google1"/>
-Disney star actress and singer [[Sabrina Carpenter]] was doing an interview on the Zach Sang Show in [[YouTube]] about her [[Alien (Jonas Blue and Sabrina Carpenter song)| Alien]]  vertical verison music video. While discussing about the support of the song by [[Spotify]] and towards the photography [[Shot (filmmaking)|shots]] of parts of her.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx9zV4_wejk&t=960 www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx9zV4_wejk&t=960]s</ref> One of the members of the brought up about her Carpenter's belly button.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx9zV4_wejk&t=1038s www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hx9zV4_wejk&t=1038s]</ref> Carpenter stated jokingly, "What's funny is yeah, and I was also like is somewhere in the world right now is extremely [[Sexual_fantasy|really focusing in on my belly button]]."
+Some navel fetishists [[Sexual fantasy|sexually fantasize]] about the above physical acts on a person's navel to attain [[sexual pleasure]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbQrFgMzCzkC&q=Navel+wife+saree|title=Sex|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9788181930293|last1=Bhonsle|first1=R.|date=September 2008|publisher=Byword Books Private Limited }}</ref>
-[[Belly dancers]] often have [[navel piercing]]s or insert [[sequin]]s into their navels to make it look attractive when they perform.<ref name="mm" /> Not only them, many young everyday women also have them to add a charm to their navels.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tanvi Trivedi|title=Time for some novelty in body piercing|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-24/beauty/30115768_1_body-piercing-eyebrows-navel|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120701132510/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-24/beauty/30115768_1_body-piercing-eyebrows-navel|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 1, 2012|access-date=19 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=Sep 24, 2011}}</ref> Such decorations also arouse when seen.<ref name="google1"/>
-Sometimes just the thought of the navel is enough to stimulate.<ref>{{cite web|title=Confessions of a Navel Fetishist|url=http://abman81.blogspot.in/|access-date=19 June 2016|date=2012-01-27}}{{self-published source|date=December 2023}}</ref> Some navel fetishists [[Sexual fantasy|sexually fantasize]] about the above physical acts on a person's navel to attain [[sexual pleasure]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wbQrFgMzCzkC&q=Navel+wife+saree|title=Sex|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9788181930293|last1=Bhonsle|first1=R.|date=September 2008}}</ref>
 ===Literature===
-Sometimes, literary works focusing on navels or which sexually symbolize navels can also act as stimuli to navel fetishists. One such work is ''Navel Revue'' by author Jay Hahn-Lonne which is an autobiographical study of a man's obsession with navels.<ref name="p">{{cite book |last1=Slade |first1=Joseph W. |url=https://archive.org/details/pornographysexua0002slad |title=Pornography and Sexual Representation |year=2001 |isbn=9780313315206 |access-date=16 April 2015 |url-access=registration}}</ref> In the ''[[Song of Songs]]'', a book in the [[Hebrew Bible]], there are allusions to exotic things in nature, with frequent interweaving of nature with erotic imagery.  In [[Solomon]]'s lavish praise of his love – the country girl, Sulaimi – the navel is mentioned as follows: "thy [[navel]] is like a round [[goblet]], which [[wikt:wanteth|wanteth]] not liquor: thy [[Abdomen|belly]] is like a heap of [[wheat]] set about with [[lilies]]." (7:2).<ref>{{cite web |title=Song of Solomon |url=http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/Bible/Song_of_Solomon.html |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=Fourmilab}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCRqQ2EpTSsC&q=%22song+of+songs%22&pg=PA169|title=The Erotic Motive in Literature|isbn=9781417964994|access-date=16 April 2015|last1=Mordell|first1=Albert|year=2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Crawford |first1=Gary L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N-uOFfFn4YgC&pg=PA179 |title=In Celebration of Love, Marriage, and Sex |date=December 2007 |isbn=9781604775211 |access-date=16 April 2015}}</ref>
+Sometimes, literary works focusing on navels or which sexually symbolize navels can also act as stimuli to navel fetishists. One such work is ''Navel Revue'' by author Jay Hahn-Lonne which is an autobiographical study of a man's obsession with navels.<ref name="p">{{cite book |last1=Slade |first1=Joseph W. |url=https://archive.org/details/pornographysexua0002slad |title=Pornography and Sexual Representation |year=2001 |isbn=9780313315206 |access-date=16 April 2015 |url-access=registration}}</ref> In the ''[[Song of Songs]]'', a book in the [[Hebrew Bible]], there are allusions to exotic things in nature, with frequent interweaving of nature with erotic imagery.  In [[Solomon]]'s lavish praise of his love – the country girl, Sulaimi – the navel is mentioned as follows: "thy [[navel]] is like a round [[goblet]], which [[wikt:wanteth|wanteth]] not liquor: thy [[Abdomen|belly]] is like a heap of [[wheat]] set about with [[lilies]]." (7:2).<ref>{{cite web |title=Song of Solomon |url=http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/Bible/Song_of_Solomon.html |access-date=16 April 2015 |website=Fourmilab}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCRqQ2EpTSsC&q=%22song+of+songs%22&pg=PA169|title=The Erotic Motive in Literature|isbn=9781417964994|access-date=16 April 2015|last1=Mordell|first1=Albert|year=2004|publisher=Kessinger }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Crawford |first1=Gary L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N-uOFfFn4YgC&pg=PA179 |title=In Celebration of Love, Marriage, and Sex |date=December 2007 |publisher=Xulon Press |isbn=9781604775211 |access-date=16 April 2015}}</ref>
 American poet [[May Swenson]] in her poem "Little Lion Face" wrote, "Now I'm bold to touch your swollen neck, put careful lips to slick petals, snuff up gold pollen in your navel cup."<ref>{{cite web|title=Little Lion Face by May Swenson|url=http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15815|publisher=Poets.org|access-date=3 June 2013}}</ref> and poem "August Night" wrote, "Your navel a little pool in pulsing tide an aura round your knees".<ref>{{cite book |last=May Swenson |url=https://archive.org/details/completelovepoem00swen |title=Complete Love Poems May Swenson |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt |year=2003 |isbn=978-0618340842 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/completelovepoem00swen/page/146 146] |quote= |url-access=registration}}</ref>
@@ Line 45: / Line 32: @@
 [[Czechs|Czech]]-born writer [[Milan Kundera]] in his 2015 book ''[[The Festival of Insignificance]]'' conveys about the eroticism of exposed female navels.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Leyla Sanai|title=The Festival of Insignificance, by Milan Kundera: charming in so many ways it's easy to forgive him for the flawed female characters|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-festival-of-insignificance-by-milan-kundera-charming-in-so-many-ways-it-s-easy-to-forgive-him-10332740.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/the-festival-of-insignificance-by-milan-kundera-charming-in-so-many-ways-it-s-easy-to-forgive-him-10332740.html |archive-date=2022-06-18 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=19 June 2016|work=Independent|date=20 June 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Darryl Accone|title=Milan Kundera turns to navel gazing|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2015-10-01-kundera-turns-to-navel-gazing|access-date=19 June 2016|work=Mail & Guardian|date=2 Oct 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Walia |first1=Shelley |date=July 24, 2015 |title=A bearable lightness |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/shelley-walia-reviews-the-festival-of-insignificance/article7460208.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref> Alain, one of the characters in the book, observes to his friend how most of the young women in Paris wear T-shirts or blouses that expose their [[midriffs]], displaying their navels for all to see. The navel has become, in effect, the new locus of desire.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Weesner |first1=Ted |date=June 27, 2015 |title='The Festival of Insignificance' by Milan Kundera |work=The Boston Globe |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2015/06/27/the-festival-insignificance-milan-kundera/Yk9yJSQmnL17zaKF6iYCIL/story.html |access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sampath |first1=G. |date=January 2, 2016 |title=In Kundera's company in the new year |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/in-kunderas-company-in-the-new-year/article8058854.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasannarajan |first=S |date=25 June 2015 |title=Milan Kundera and the Art of the Navel |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/voices/milan-kundera-and-the-art-of-the-navel |access-date=2017-06-11 |website=Open Magazine |language=en}}</ref>
-[[Robert W. Service]] in his short poem "Navels" wrote, "Men have navels more or less;....Woman's is a pearly ring,....So dear ladies, recognise The dimpling of your waist Has approval in my eyes,Favour in my taste......How a rosebud navel would Be sweet to kiss!"<ref>{{cite web |last=Service |first=Robert William |date=13 January 2003 |title=Navels |url=http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/navels/ |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=Poem Hunter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Service |first=Robert William |title=Navels |url=http://www.short-quotes-and-poems.com/Famous-Short-Poems/Short-Poem-by-Robert-William-Service-Navels.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522015227/http://www.short-quotes-and-poems.com/Famous-Short-Poems/Short-Poem-by-Robert-William-Service-Navels.htm |archive-date=22 May 2014 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=Short Quotes & Poems}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Service |first=Robert William |title=Navels |url=http://www.poemsandpoets.net/Robert-W-Service/Navels.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061130/http://www.poemsandpoets.net/Robert-W-Service/Navels.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=Poems&Poets}}</ref> In Ancient Indian [[Sanskrit]] literature, writers like [[Adi Shankara]], [[Kālidāsa]], etc., have symbolized and referred to the navel while describing the beauty of [[Hindu goddesses]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOeSLZsp7lwC&q=navel&pg=PA157|title=The Hidden Mysteries of Kundalini|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9788180560033|last1=Venugopalan|first1=R.|year=2001}}</ref>
+[[Robert W. Service]] in his short poem "Navels" wrote, "Men have navels more or less;....Woman's is a pearly ring,....So dear ladies, recognise The dimpling of your waist Has approval in my eyes,Favour in my taste......How a rosebud navel would Be sweet to kiss!"<ref>{{cite web |last=Service |first=Robert William |date=13 January 2003 |title=Navels |url=http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/navels/ |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=Poem Hunter}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Service |first=Robert William |title=Navels |url=http://www.short-quotes-and-poems.com/Famous-Short-Poems/Short-Poem-by-Robert-William-Service-Navels.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522015227/http://www.short-quotes-and-poems.com/Famous-Short-Poems/Short-Poem-by-Robert-William-Service-Navels.htm |archive-date=22 May 2014 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=Short Quotes & Poems}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Service |first=Robert William |title=Navels |url=http://www.poemsandpoets.net/Robert-W-Service/Navels.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061130/http://www.poemsandpoets.net/Robert-W-Service/Navels.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=17 February 2012 |publisher=Poems&Poets}}</ref> In Ancient Indian [[Sanskrit]] literature, writers like [[Adi Shankara]], [[Kālidāsa]], etc., have symbolized and referred to the navel while describing the beauty of [[Hindu goddesses]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOeSLZsp7lwC&q=navel&pg=PA157|title=The Hidden Mysteries of Kundalini|access-date=16 April 2015|isbn=9788180560033|last1=Venugopalan|first1=R.|year=2001|publisher=Health & Harmony }}</ref>
 ===Erotica===
 In 1970, the short-lived ''Belly Button Magazine'', of which only two issues were recovered by [[The Kinsey Institute]], featured descriptions of penetrative navel intercourse and images of sexual acts directed at navels.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Samantha |date=20 September 2013 |title=Unfit to Print: A Textual History of Sexual Fetishism in the 20th Century |url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/library/Pdf/samanthaallen_2013moneyfellow_reviewessay.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604170648/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/library/Pdf/samanthaallen_2013moneyfellow_reviewessay.pdf |archive-date=4 June 2014 |access-date=7 February 2015 |website=Kinsey Institute}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Samantha |date=20 September 2013 |title=The Kinsey Institute's Holdings on Sexual Fetishism: An Annotated Bibliography |url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/library/Pdf/samanthaallen_2013moneyfellow_annotatedbibliography.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604170641/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/library/Pdf/samanthaallen_2013moneyfellow_annotatedbibliography.pdf |archive-date=4 June 2014 |access-date=7 February 2015 |website=Kinsey Institute}}</ref>
 ==Connections to other fetishes==
-Navel fetishism can co-exist with [[stomach fetish]]ism ([[alvinolagnia]])<ref name="anil"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Viren Swami, Adrian Furnham|title=The Psychology of Physical Attraction|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=Indiana University|isbn=978-0415422505|page=134|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S83fAAAAMAAJ&q=alvinolagnia}}</ref> or [[sadomasochism|sadomasochistic acts]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=M |first=Groth |date=2000 |title=On the Umbilicus as a bisexual symbol. |url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.17.2.360 |journal=Psychoanalytic Psychology |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=360-365}}</ref> such as navel torture.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sisi Wendy|title=10 common sexual fetishes|url=https://www.thecable.ng/10-common-sexual-fetishes|publisher=The Cable|access-date=19 June 2016|date=2015-11-30}}</ref>
+Navel fetishism can co-exist with [[stomach fetish]]ism ([[alvinolagnia]])<ref name="anil"/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Viren Swami, Adrian Furnham|title=The Psychology of Physical Attraction|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=Indiana University|isbn=978-0415422505|page=134|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S83fAAAAMAAJ&q=alvinolagnia}}</ref> or [[sadomasochism|sadomasochistic acts]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=M |first=Groth |date=2000 |title=On the Umbilicus as a bisexual symbol. |url=https://doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.17.2.360 |journal=Psychoanalytic Psychology |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=360–365|doi=10.1037/0736-9735.17.2.360 }}</ref> such as navel torture.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Sisi Wendy|title=10 common sexual fetishes|url=https://www.thecable.ng/10-common-sexual-fetishes|publisher=The Cable|access-date=19 June 2016|date=2015-11-30}}</ref>
 Navel intercourse is commonly linked to weight-related fetishes like [[Big Beautiful Woman]], [[Fat fetishism|feederism]], and [[Body inflation|belly expansion]].<ref name="vice">{{cite web |last1=Keiles |first1=Jamie Lauren |date=2015-08-21 |title=The Ins and Outies of the Belly Button Fetish Community |url=https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/the-ins-and-outies-of-the-belly-button-fetish-community |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=VICE}}</ref>
-==Prevalence on the Internet==
-During the late nineties, there was a small but thriving online group of belly button fetish sites. These sites were maintained by individuals and usually hosted on third-party [[Internet forum|forum]] sites like [[ProBoards]] or InsideTheWeb. Each forum catered to a unique variation on the fetish, but were mostly the same in that they had individual boards for celebrity photos, candids, erotica, and personal stories. As the internet outgrew forums in favor of social networks and corporate porn sites, these sites began shutting down one by one. Subsequently, the site ''The Original Bellybutton Forum (OBF)'' became popular but got shut down due to admin-related problems. It reconvened with the name ''BellyLove'' but met the same fate as OBF.<ref name="vice" />
-In 2015, [[Taylor Swift]]'s [[belly button]] became an internet phenomenon when Swift wore a [[bikini]] that left the belly button exposed.<ref>https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/taylor-swift-belly-button-146511/</ref> Swift once commented “I don’t like showing my belly button,” she told the mag in 2014. “When you start showing your belly button then you’re really committing to the midriff thing. I only partially commit to the midriff thing — you’re only seeing lower rib cage. I don’t want people to know if I have one or not. I want that to be a mystery. As far as anyone knows based on my public appearances, they haven’t seen evidence of a belly button. It could be pierced. They have no idea. If I’m going to get some sort of massive tattoo, it’s going to be right next to my belly button because no one’s ever going to see that.”  Swift usually wore high rise clothing cover her belly button which wondering if she even have one.<ref>https://www.bustle.com/articles/90631-reddit-photoshopped-taylor-swifts-belly-button-and-some-of-their-work-is-so-bizarre-that-youll</ref><ref>https://thefederalist.com/2015/10/09/taylor-swifts-belly-button-mystery-is-empowering/</ref><ref>https://www.sfchronicle.com/entertainment/article/Taylor-Swift-posts-photo-with-her-belly-button-6042982.php</ref> After her belly button baring debut to the public eye Swift's belly button has been seen a lot more.<ref>https://people.com/style/taylor-swift-exposed-her-belly-button-again-and-there-are-a-ton-of-memes-to-commemorate-the-magic-moment/</ref> Taylor Swift known for high rise clothing to cover her belly button, has been seen wearing clothing low enough to see her [[belly button]]. <ref>https://people.com/music/taylor-swift-joe-alwyn-stroll-hand-in-hand-caribbean-getaway/</ref><ref>https://www.harpersbazaar.com.sg/lifestyle/taylor-swift-tom-hiddleston-and-squad-head-to-the-beach-for-the-4th-of-july</ref><ref>https://www.femestella.com/taylor-swift-lavender-haze-music-video-outfits-midnights/</ref><ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/TaylorSwiftPictures/comments/11ooh5v/taylor_in_her_music_video_lavender_haze/</ref><ref>https://imgur.com/rDluTph</ref><ref>https://www.tmz.com/2024/03/25/taylor-swift-travis-kelce-pda-kiss-swim-bahamas-vacation/</ref>
 == See also ==
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 ==References==
-{{commons category}}
 {{Reflist}}
+==External links==
+* {{Commons category-inline}}
 {{Sex fetish}}

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