Richard Boiardo: Difference between revisions

Richard Boiardo
Richard Boiardo
Born	Ruggiero Boiardo; December 8, 1890; Naples, Kingdom of Italy
Died	October 29, 1984 (aged 93); Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
Resting place	Holy Cross Cemetery, North Arlington, New Jersey
Other names	"The Boot"
Occupation	Mobster
Allegiance	Genovese crime family
Conviction(s)	Conspiracy to violate gambling laws (1969)
Criminal penalty	two-and-a-half to three years' imprisonment

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Ruggiero Boiardo (December 8, 1890 – October 29, 1984), also known as "the Boot", was an Italian-American mobster and powerful Caporegime in the New Jersey faction of the Genovese crime family. He was named Capo after Willie Moretti was promoted to the position of underboss by Frank Costello. Richie the Boot ruled the greater Newark and North Jersey gang territories for over three decades.

Early life

Boiardo was born on December 8, 1890, in Naples, and was raised in the town of Marigliano. He was placed in an orphanage as a child. He later claimed that he was the illegitimate son of an Italian nobleman who was a descendant of Matteo Maria Boiardo. Boiardo later became known as "The Boot", a nickname which he developed in his youth, had been said to have derived from the heavy footed way he disposed of his gangland foes.^[1] He immigrated to the United States in 1901.^[2]

Criminal career

In the early 1930s, Boiardo was ambushed and seriously wounded with 12 buckshot pellet wounds. He survived. At the time, the press suspected Abner Zwillman was responsible,^[3] but later evidence pointed to the members of another rival gang led by the Mazzocchi brothers, whom the Boot subsequently had murdered.^[4] "None of Ritchie's gang is above suspicion of planning the murder of their leader," the Newark Evening News reported. "There are also said to be men who would like to see Ritchie out of the way because of certain women who favored him with their regard."^[5] Other likely suspects included the Mazzocchi brothers, Willie Moretti, and even his close friend Al Capone. The number-one suspect, however, was Abner "Longy" Zwillman, a man sometimes referred to as "gangster number two". When the Boot's thirty-eight-caliber revolver fell to the hospital floor, after the attempt on his life, prosecutors had a case against him. It was an unusual one that appeared to be putting the victim of a crime on trial, rather than the perpetrators. The men who tried to assassinate the Boot were never found, at least by the authorities. The police were convinced the Boot knew who was behind the shooting. In his hospital room they gave the seriously wounded gangster descriptions of the men who had allegedly shot at him, but the Boot shrugged and said he did not know.^[6] In the 1930s, Boiardo became a made man, or full member of the Luciano crime family established by Lucky Luciano. In 1957, this family became the Genovese family under boss Vito Genovese. With Abe Zwillman's death in 1959, Boiardo became the undisputed mob boss of Newark, who also owned residences in Havana, Cuba and Florida, where he had major gambling interests.

In April 1969, Richie Boiardo was convicted of conspiracy to violate gambling laws. Accordingly, he was sentenced to two-and-a-half to three years in State Prison and fined $1,000. He was incarcerated on November 18, 1970 at the New Jersey State Prison, Leesburg, New Jersey. The Boiardo family's association with Newark's Mayor Hugh Addonizio led to Addonizio's conviction, in 1969, on racketeering charges.^[7] This eliminated Addonizio as a contender to become the next governor of the State of New Jersey. Addonizio was sentenced to ten years and served 5 years and 2 months in a federal prison. The same federal grand jury that returned an indictment against Addonizio, also indicted 14 others including Richie Boiardo's son Anthony Boiardo, also known as "Tony Boy" Boiardo. The younger Boiardo is believed to have been in control of the Newark underworld at the time. During the criminal proceedings Tony Boy suffered a heart attack. He was never found by the courts to be healthy enough to stand trial on his extortion and conspiracy charges.^[8]

Death

Boiardo died of natural causes on October 29, 1984, aged 93, and was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in North Arlington, New Jersey.^[9]

Boiardo's son, Anthony "Tony Boy" Boiardo (1918–1978), was also involved in organized crime. At the time of Anthony's death, he was awaiting trial on an indictment that had resulted in the conviction of Mayor of Newark, Hugh Joseph Addonizio.^[10]

Popular culture

David Chase, the creator of the HBO TV series The Sopranos, said the Soprano family was based on the Boiardo crime family, and their crews.^[11] The character Ercole/Eckley “The Boot” DiMeo is mentioned in the original series and portrayed by Chase in The Many Saints of Newark.
Richard Linnett's biography of Boiardo, In The Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie the Boot Boiardo (2013), is based on archival material, classified and unclassified FBI and police files, interviews with Boiardo's family and friends, and the personal recollections of the Boot's grandson Roger Hanos.^[12]

References

^ Linnett, Richard (2013). In the Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813560618. JSTOR j.ctt1b349dn.
^ New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820–1957
^ Linnett, Richard (2013). "Diamond Ritchie". In Linnett, Richard (ed.). In the Godfather Garden. The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo. Rutgers University Press. pp. 11–25. ISBN 9780813560618. JSTOR j.ctt1b349dn.6.
^ Immerso, Michael & Baglivo, Angelo (Moderator) (September 15, 2008). "Crime Bosses of Newark: A Panel Discussion about "Richie the Boot" Boiardo and Longie Zwillman". The Newark History Society & The Newark Historical Society.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Linnett, Richard (2013). "The Longy War". In Linnett, Richard (ed.). In the Godfather Garden. The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo. Rutgers University Press. pp. 26–44. ISBN 9780813560618. JSTOR j.ctt1b349dn.7.
^ Linnett, Richard (2013). "I'm No Crybaby". In Linnett, Richard (ed.). In the Godfather Garden. The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo. Rutgers University Press. pp. 45–56. ISBN 9780813560618. JSTOR j.ctt1b349dn.8.
^ Linnett, Richard (2013). "The Longy War". In Linnett, Richard (ed.). In the Godfather Garden. The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo. Rutgers University Press. pp. 26–44. ISBN 9780813560618. JSTOR j.ctt1b349dn.7.
^ Linnett, Richard (2013). "The Longy War". In Linnett, Richard (ed.). In the Godfather Garden. The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo. Rutgers University Press. pp. 26–44. ISBN 9780813560618. JSTOR j.ctt1b349dn.7.
^ "Obituary". The Observer. October 29, 2003. p. 3.
^ Anthony Boiardo Is Dead at 60; Called Key Jersey Crime Figure. New York Times April 23, 1978 [1]
^ Malanga, Steven (April 8, 2007). "Brutal and Grisly Truth of Garden State's Real 'Sopranos'". New York Post. Retrieved May 19, 2008.
^ Linnett, Richard (March 2013). In The Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie the Boot Boiardo. Rutgers University Press. Retrieved June 11, 2016.

Bibliography

Bureau of Narcotics, U.S. Treasury Department (2007). Mafia: the Government's Secret File on Organized Crime. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-06-136385-6.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|American mobster (1890–1984)}}
-Ruggiero Boiardo was born in 1890 in Naples, according to his birth certificate, and was raised in the town of Marigliano in the province of Naples. His recorded birthdate is December 8, which may not be accurate, as it is also the date of the Feast of Immaculate Conception.The Boot was placed in an orphanage as a child; Catholic orphanages often assigned the dates of important holy days to children whose actual birthdates were unknown. His biological parents also were unknown. The Boot later claimed that he was the illegitimate son of an Italian nobleman who was a descendant of Matteo Maria Boiardo. The nickname which he developed in his youth had been said to have derived from the heavy footed way he disposed of his gang land foes.
+{{Infobox criminal
+| honorific_prefix =
+| name = Richard Boiardo
+| honorific_suffix =
+| native_name =
+| native_name_lang =
+| image =
+| image_upright =
+| image_size =
+| alt =
+| caption =
+| birth_name = Ruggiero Boiardo
+| birth_date = {{birth date|1890|12|08|mf=y}}
+| birth_place = [[Naples]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]
+| death_date = {{death date and age|1984|10|29|1890|12|08|mf=y}}
+| death_place = [[Newark, New Jersey]], U.S.
+| resting_place = [[Holy Cross Cemetery (North Arlington, New Jersey)|Holy Cross Cemetery, North Arlington, New Jersey]]
+| other_names = "The Boot"
+| occupation = [[Mobster]]
+| conviction = Conspiracy to violate gambling laws (1969)
+| conviction_penalty = two-and-a-half to three years' imprisonment
+| conviction_status =
+| spouse =
+| children =
+| allegiance = [[Genovese crime family]]
+}}
+'''Ruggiero Boiardo''' (December 8, 1890 – October 29, 1984), also known as "'''the Boot'''", was an Italian-American mobster and powerful Caporegime in the [[Genovese crime family New Jersey faction|New Jersey faction of the Genovese crime family]]. He was named Capo after Willie Moretti was promoted to the position of underboss by Frank Costello. Richie the Boot ruled the greater Newark and North Jersey gang territories for over three decades.
+==Early life==
-<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn|title=In the Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|last=Linnett|first=Richard|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618}}</ref>
+Boiardo was born on December 8, 1890, in [[Naples]], and was raised in the town of [[Marigliano]]. He was placed in an orphanage as a child. He later claimed that he was the illegitimate son of an Italian nobleman who was a descendant of [[Matteo Maria Boiardo]]. Boiardo later became known as "The Boot", a nickname which he developed in his youth, had been said to have derived from the heavy footed way he disposed of his gangland foes.<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn|title=In the Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|last=Linnett|first=Richard|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618}}</ref> He immigrated to the United States in 1901.<ref>''New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820–1957''</ref>
+==Criminal career==
-In the early 1930s,Boiardo was ambushed and seriously wounded with 12 [[buckshot]] pellet wounds. He survived. At the time, the press suspected Abner Zwillman <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2018-04-14|title=Abner Zwillman|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abner_Zwillman&oldid=836381123|journal=Wikipedia|language=en}}</ref> was r<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.6|title=In the Godfather Garden|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=11–25}}</ref> esponsible, but later evidence pointed to the members of another rival gang led by the Mazzocchi brothers, whom the Boot subsequently had murdered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jerseyhistory.org/calendar_detail.php?month=9&year=2008&recid=945 |author=Immerso, Michael & Baglivo, Angelo (Moderator) |title= Crime Bosses of Newark: A Panel Discussion about "Richie the Boot" Boiardo andLongie Zwillman|website=The Newark History Society & The Newark Historical Society|date=September 15, 2008}}</ref> “None of Ritchie’s gang is above suspicion of planning the murder of their leader,” the ''Newark Evening News''reported. “There are also said to be men who would like to see Ritchie out of the way because of certain women who favored him with their regard.”<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.7|title=In the Godfather Garden|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=26–44}}</ref>¹ Other likely suspects included the Mazzocchi brothers, Willie Moretti, and even close friend Al Capone. The number-one suspect, however, was Abner “Longy” Zwillman, a man sometimes referred to as gangster number two. When the Boot’s thirty-eight-caliber revolver fell to the hospital floor, after the attempt on his life, prosecutors had a case against him. It was an unusual one that appeared to be putting the victim of a crime on trial, rather than the perpetrators; the men who tried to assassinate the Boot were never found, at least by the authorities. The police were convinced the Boot knew who was behind the shooting. In his hospital room they gave the seriously wounded gangster descriptions of the men who had allegedly shot at him; the Boot shrugged and said he didn’t know.<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.8|title=In the Godfather Garden|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=45–56}}</ref> In the 1930s, Boiardo became a [[made man]], or full member of the [[Luciano crime family]] established by Lucky Luciano. In 1957, this family became the [[Genovese crime family|Genovese family]] under boss [[Vito Genovese]]. With Zwillman's death in 1959, Boiardo became the undisputed mob boss of Newark. Boiardo also owned residences in [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] and Florida, where he had majority gambling interests.
+In the early 1930s, Boiardo was ambushed and seriously wounded with 12 [[buckshot]] pellet wounds. He survived. At the time, the press suspected [[Abner Zwillman]] was responsible,<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.6|title=In the Godfather Garden|chapter=Diamond Ritchie|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=11–25|last1=Linnett|first1=Richard}}</ref> but later evidence pointed to the members of another rival gang led by the Mazzocchi brothers, whom the Boot subsequently had murdered.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jerseyhistory.org/calendar_detail.php?month=9&year=2008&recid=945 |author=Immerso, Michael & Baglivo, Angelo (Moderator) |title= Crime Bosses of Newark: A Panel Discussion about "Richie the Boot" Boiardo and Longie Zwillman|website=The Newark History Society & The Newark Historical Society|date=September 15, 2008}}</ref> "None of Ritchie's gang is above suspicion of planning the murder of their leader," the ''Newark Evening News'' reported. "There are also said to be men who would like to see Ritchie out of the way because of certain women who favored him with their regard."<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.7|title=In the Godfather Garden|chapter=The Longy War|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=26–44|last1=Linnett|first1=Richard}}</ref> Other likely suspects included the Mazzocchi brothers, [[Willie Moretti]], and even his close friend [[Al Capone]]. The number-one suspect, however, was Abner "Longy" Zwillman, a man sometimes referred to as "gangster number two". When the Boot's thirty-eight-caliber revolver fell to the hospital floor, after the attempt on his life, prosecutors had a case against him. It was an unusual one that appeared to be putting the victim of a crime on trial, rather than the perpetrators. The men who tried to assassinate the Boot were never found, at least by the authorities. The police were convinced the Boot knew who was behind the shooting. In his hospital room they gave the seriously wounded gangster descriptions of the men who had allegedly shot at him, but the Boot shrugged and said he did not know.<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.8|title=In the Godfather Garden|chapter=I'm No Crybaby|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=45–56|last1=Linnett|first1=Richard}}</ref> In the 1930s, Boiardo became a [[made man]], or full member of the [[Luciano crime family]] established by [[Lucky Luciano]]. In 1957, this family became the [[Genovese crime family|Genovese family]] under boss [[Vito Genovese]]. With Abe Zwillman's death in 1959, Boiardo became the undisputed mob boss of Newark, who also owned residences in [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] and Florida, where he had major gambling interests.
-In April 1969, Richie Boiardo was convicted of conspiracy to violate gambling laws. Accordingly, Boiardo was sentenced to 2 ½ - 3 years in State Prison and fined $1,000.  He was incarcerated on November 18, 1970 at the New Jersey State Prison, Leesburg, New Jersey. The Boiardo family's association with Newark's Mayor Hugh Addonizio led to Addonizio's conviction, in 1969, on racketeering charges.<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.7|title=In the Godfather Garden|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=26–44}}</ref> This eliminated Addonizio as a contender to become the next governor of the State of New Jersey. Addonizio was sentenced to ten years and served 5 years and 2 months in a federal prison. The same federal grand jury that returned an indictment against Addonizio, also indicted 14 others including Richie Boiardo's son Anthony Boiardo, also known as "Tony Boy" Boiardo.  The younger Boiardo is believed to have been in control of the Newark underworld at the time. During the criminal proceedings Tony Boy suffered a heart attack. He was never found by the courts to be healthy enough to stand trial on his extortion and conspiracy charges.<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.7|title=In the Godfather Garden|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=26–44}}</ref>
+In April 1969, Richie Boiardo was convicted of conspiracy to violate gambling laws. Accordingly, he was sentenced to two-and-a-half to three years in State Prison and fined $1,000. He was incarcerated on November 18, 1970 at the New Jersey State Prison, Leesburg, New Jersey. The Boiardo family's association with Newark's Mayor Hugh Addonizio led to Addonizio's conviction, in 1969, on racketeering charges.<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.7|title=In the Godfather Garden|chapter=The Longy War|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=26–44|last1=Linnett|first1=Richard}}</ref> This eliminated Addonizio as a contender to become the next governor of the State of New Jersey. Addonizio was sentenced to ten years and served 5 years and 2 months in a federal prison. The same federal grand jury that returned an indictment against Addonizio, also indicted 14 others including Richie Boiardo's son Anthony Boiardo, also known as "Tony Boy" Boiardo.  The younger Boiardo is believed to have been in control of the Newark underworld at the time. During the criminal proceedings Tony Boy suffered a heart attack. He was never found by the courts to be healthy enough to stand trial on his extortion and conspiracy charges.<ref>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1b349dn.7|title=In the Godfather Garden|chapter=The Longy War|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=9780813560618|editor-last=Linnett|editor-first=Richard|series=The Long Life and Times of Richie "the Boot" Boiardo|pages=26–44|last1=Linnett|first1=Richard}}</ref>
-Throughout the years Boiardo maintained a stable tenure as Newark gangleader and received money from all sorts of enterprises. He owned a demolition firm and also owned the Vittorino Castle, an Italian restaurant frequented by NY Yankees star Joe DiMaggio.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lacndb.com/php/Info.php?name=Ruggiero%20Boiardo|title=La Cosa Nostra|website=www.lacndb.com|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref> He also had stakes in hotels and casinos in Miami, Las Vegas and Havana. With his money he bought a property in Livingston where he built himself a large Transylvanian-like castle. The property was soon the talk of the town. The large iron gate in front was guarded by armed men and next to the entrance stood a couple of colorful statues which represented himself, his kids and grandkids. In his old days he most of all liked to work in his garden. He even had a sign hanging on the entrance saying "Godfather's Garden".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lacndb.com/php/Info.php?name=Ruggiero%20Boiardo|title=La Cosa Nostra|website=www.lacndb.com|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>
 ==Death==
 Boiardo died of [[natural causes]] on October 29, 1984, aged 93, and was interred at [[Holy Cross Cemetery, North Arlington, New Jersey|Holy Cross Cemetery]] in [[North Arlington, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news|work=The Observer|date= October 29, 2003|page=3|title=Obituary}}</ref>
-Boiardo had a son, Anthony "Tony Boy" Boiardo (c1918-1978), who was also involved in organized crime. At the time of Anthony's death, he was awaiting trial on an indictment that had resulted in the conviction of Mayor of [[Newark, New Jersey]] [[Hugh Joseph Addonizio]].<ref>Anthony Boiardo Is Dead at 60; Called Key Jersey Crime Figure. ''New York Times'' April 23, 1978 [https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/23/archives/anthony-boiardo-is-dead-at-60-called-key-jersey-crime-figure-known.html]</ref>
+Boiardo's son, Anthony "Tony Boy" Boiardo (1918–1978), was also involved in organized crime. At the time of Anthony's death, he was awaiting trial on an indictment that had resulted in the conviction of Mayor of Newark, [[Hugh Joseph Addonizio]].<ref>Anthony Boiardo Is Dead at 60; Called Key Jersey Crime Figure. ''New York Times'' April 23, 1978 [https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/23/archives/anthony-boiardo-is-dead-at-60-called-key-jersey-crime-figure-known.html]</ref>
 ==Popular culture==
-*[[David Chase]], the creator of the [[HBO]] TV series ''[[The Sopranos]]'', said the Soprano family was based on the Boiardo crime family and the [[DeCavalcante crime family]], and their crews.<ref>{{cite news|author=Malanga, Steven|url=https://nypost.com/2007/04/08/brutal-and-grisly-truth-of-garden-states-real-sopranos/|title=Brutal and Grisly Truth of Garden State's Real 'Sopranos'|newspaper=[[New York Post]]|date= April 8, 2007|accessdate= May 19, 2008}}</ref>
+*[[David Chase]], the creator of the [[HBO]] TV series ''[[The Sopranos]]'', said the Soprano family was based on the Boiardo crime family, and their crews.<ref>{{cite news|author=Malanga, Steven|url=https://nypost.com/2007/04/08/brutal-and-grisly-truth-of-garden-states-real-sopranos/|title=Brutal and Grisly Truth of Garden State's Real 'Sopranos'|newspaper=[[New York Post]]|date= April 8, 2007|access-date= May 19, 2008}}</ref> The character Ercole/Eckley “The Boot” DiMeo is mentioned in the original series and portrayed by Chase in ''[[The Many Saints of Newark]]''.
-*Richard Linnett's biography of Boiardo, ''In The Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie the Boot Boiardo'' (2013), is based on archival material, classified and unclassified FBI and police files, interviews with Boiardo's family and friends, and the personal recollections of the Boot's grandson Roger Hanos.<ref>{{cite book|author=Linnett, Richard|title= In The Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie the Boot Boiardo|publisher=Rutgers University Press |date= March 2013|url=http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/product/In-the-Godfather-Garden,4753.aspx|accessdate=June 11, 2016 }}</ref>
+*Richard Linnett's biography of Boiardo, ''In The Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie the Boot Boiardo'' (2013), is based on archival material, classified and unclassified FBI and police files, interviews with Boiardo's family and friends, and the personal recollections of the Boot's grandson Roger Hanos.<ref>{{cite book|author=Linnett, Richard|title= In The Godfather Garden: The Long Life and Times of Richie the Boot Boiardo|publisher=Rutgers University Press |date= March 2013|url=http://rutgerspress.rutgers.edu/product/In-the-Godfather-Garden,4753.aspx|access-date=June 11, 2016 }}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 22: / Line 49: @@
 ==Bibliography==
-*{{cite book|author=Bureau of Narcotics, U.S. Treasury Department|title=Mafia: the Government's Secret File on Organized Crime|publisher= HarperCollins Publishers|date= 2007 |isbn=0-06-136385-5}}
+*{{cite book|author=Bureau of Narcotics, U.S. Treasury Department|title=Mafia: the Government's Secret File on Organized Crime|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|date=2007|isbn=978-0-06-136385-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/mafiagovernments0000unse}}
 ==Further reading==
-*{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/revealed-the-real-tony-soprano-444869.html|newspaper= The Independent |title=Revealed: the real Tony Soprano|author=Cornwell, Rupert }}
+*{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/revealed-the-real-tony-soprano-444869.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100607083250/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/revealed-the-real-tony-soprano-444869.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 7, 2010|newspaper= The Independent |title=Revealed: the real Tony Soprano|author=Cornwell, Rupert }}
 *{{cite web|url=http://www.americanmafia.com/Feature_Articles_183.html|website= AmericanMafia.com|title= New York Stories Part I|author=Tuohy, John William }}
 {{Genovese crime family}}{{American Mafia}}
+{{Authority control}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Boiardo, Richard}}
@@ Line 35: / Line 63: @@
 [[Category:1984 deaths]]
 [[Category:Genovese crime family]]
-[[Category:American mobsters of Italian descent]]
+[[Category:American gangsters of Italian descent]]
 [[Category:American people convicted of manslaughter]]
 [[Category:People from Livingston, New Jersey]]
+[[Category:Gangsters from Newark, New Jersey]]
 [[Category:Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery (North Arlington, New Jersey)]]
+[[Category:Italian emigrants to the United States]]

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	United States