Desmond Chute: Difference between revisions

The Reverend
Desmond Macready Chute
TOSD
The Reverend Desmond Macready Chute TOSD
Born	1895; Bristol
Died	1962; Rapallo
Nationality	English

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Desmond Macready Chute (1895–1962) was an English poet and artist, who became a Catholic priest in 1927.

Early life

He was born in Bristol, the son of James Macready Chute (1856–1912) and his wife Abigail Philomena Henessy (1855–1931). His father ran the Prince's Theatre, Bristol, the family business.^[1] His mother was the second daughter of Joseph Henessy of Richmond Terrace, Clifton, Bristol, a cattle-dealer: the Henessy family were Irish Catholics, Liberal in politics.^[2] Abigail Chute was on good terms with Grace Mary Welch of Cheltenham, mother of Werburg Welch who later became a close friend of Desmond.^[3]^[4]

Chute was educated from 1906 at Downside School, where he was taught by the classicist Nevile Hunter Watts.^[5] He went on in 1912 to the Slade School of Art in London.^[6] In 1913 he exhibited some paintings, and in 1914 he had a show of portraits at the New English Art Club.^[7] His mother had taken over the Bristol theatre on his father's death in 1912, and on the outbreak of war in 1914 Chute returned to Bristol to support her.^[8] Brocard Sewell concludes that he was exempt from military service during World War I.^[7]

Chute was a close friend of Stanley Spencer, from 1915, and the period when Spencer was a medical orderly at the Beaufort War Hospital in the Bristol area.^[9]^[10]^[11] During the war years and into the 1920s he was encouraging Spencer to become a Catholic convert.^[12] In a letter of 1928 to Richard Carline, Spencer alluded to a passage in Confessions, a work given to him in 1916 by Chute, as a religious influence.^[13]

Ditchling and the Third Order of Saint Dominic

In 1918 Chute encountered Eric Gill at work in Westminster Cathedral.^[8] The contact resulted in Chute's participation in the craft community at Ditchling, Sussex. It had grown up over the previous decade around Gill and others. Chute became a close colleague, assistant and "beloved brother" of Gill.^[14]^[15]

Gill completed his work on the Stations of the Cross in the cathedral, and it was consecrated on Good Friday 1918.^[16] He had been exempted from conscription while he was engaged on the task. He was called up in September of that year, to a Royal Air Force camp at Blandford. He left Chute in charge at Ditchling, and he oversaw Gill's household and workshop.^[17]^[18] He worked under Gill of a set of Stations of the Cross, for John O'Connor at St Cuthbert's Church in Bradford.^[6] He published poetry in The Game, the community's magazine. His mother was a principal patron of the Guild in its early days.

In 1920 Gill and his wife Mary, Chute, Hilary Pepler and Herbert Shove became Tertiaries, joining the lay Third Order of Saint Dominic.^[19] Chute was already a member of the Third Order of Saint Francis.^[20] Chute, Gill and Pepler went on to found The Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic.^[21] Influential in this further step was Vincent McNabb OP. Gill knew him already, having met McNabb at the Edinburgh house of André Raffalovich.^[20] McNabb provided an economic theory and pointed to the works of Thomas Aquinas.^[22] Pepler's St. Dominic's Press published works by McNabb and other Catholic writers, illustrated by Chute, Philip Hagreen and other Ditchling artists.^[23] Some years later the ruralist views of McNabb found expression in Distributism.^[24]

David Jones arrived in Ditchling in 1921, as an assistant to Gill. Chute befriended him, and taught him wood carving.^[25] That year, Chute started to study for the Catholic priesthood, in Fribourg at the Albertinum, the international Dominican priory there.^[26]^[27] He put the Bristolian Douglas Cleverdon in touch with Gill in the mid-1920s.^[28]

Priest in Italy

Chute's studies to become a priest were interrupted by bouts of tuberculosis. He was ordained priest on 25 September 1927, at Downside School. He then moved for his health to Rapallo, Italy.^[29]

There Chute knew Ezra Pound, Olga Rudge, and the Tigullian Circle musical society they promoted.^[30]^[31] He also knew Max Beerbohm.^[31] He had English visitors, including at Christmas 1936 the Gills, and Christopher Dawson and his wife.^[32] He did work for the Apostleship of the Sea at Genoa, which had papal recognition.^[33]

Chute tutored Mary de Rachewiltz, Pound's daughter with Olga Rudge. This was during the period 1941 to 1943, and Mary gave an account of him in her memoirs:

Thin and very tall, a long, pale face, with lots of hair and a beard (dyed red), melodramatically stretched out on couches with layers of capes and blankets and three kinds of curtains at the windows that had to be drawn at the least change of light outside, a series of eyeglasses and eyeshades and reading lamps. His health was poor, his eyesight very delicate.^[34]

Another account, by the physician Pietro Berri:

...the figure of a priest, tall, but of a wan complexion, with a beard at one time golden, but gradually streaked with grey, always sporting dark glasses for the greater protection of his sight, or an eyeshade ...^[35]

Chute supported Mary and her mother when Pound was arrested and deported by the US army. In the last year of World War II, Chute himself was deported from Rapallo and held prisoner.^[36] He was interned at Bobbio, where he worked in a hospital.^[37]^[38]

Chute's radio play Poets in Paradise was broadcast by the BBC in 1955.^[39]

Death and legacy

Chute died and was buried in Rapallo. According to his wishes, his grave carried the inscription Pulvis attamen sacerdos (dust yet a priest).^[40]^[41] A memorial designed by Eric Gill stands in Canford Cemetery, Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol. Some of his papers are held in the Eric Gill Collection at Chichester, and others by his relation, David Charles Manners.

External links

Biography of Chute on Guild website

References

^ "Bristol's rich theatrical heritage revealed". University of Bristol. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
^ Carleton, Don E. (1983). The Prince's of Park Row (PDF). Bristol (Department of History, University of Bristol, Bristol): Bristol Branch of the Historical Association. p. 11. ISBN 0901388319.
^ Jamieson, Joanna. "Welch, (Grace) Eileen [name in religion Werburg] (1894–1990)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/65567. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ The Downside Review. Vol. 119. Downside Abbey. 2001. p. 13.
^ Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 27–28. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.
^ ^a ^b Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895–1962". New Blackfriars. 44 (511): 28. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2005.1963.tb00882.x.
^ ^a ^b The Antigonish Review. St. Francis Xavier University. 1985. p. 270.
^ ^a ^b MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.
^ Gough, Paul (2011). Your Loving Friend, Stanley: The Great War Correspondence Between Stanley Spencer and Desmond Chute. Sansom & Co. ISBN 978-1906593766.
^ "Stanley Spencer by Chute - 1916". Stanley Spencer Gallery. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
^ MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.
^ Davies, Hilary (2017). "Comparing David Jones's "In Parenthesis" and Stanley Spencer's Sandham Chapel, Burghclere". The British Art Journal. 18 (1): 38–42. ISSN 1467-2006. JSTOR 26450285.
^ Langmuir, Erika (2014). "Stanley Spencer and the Acts of Mercy — a suggested additional source for the Sandham Memorial Chapel". The Burlington Magazine. 156 (1338): 590–594. ISSN 0007-6287. JSTOR 24241862.
^ "Chute, Desmond Macready". CHUTE, Desmond Macready (1895 - 1961), Painter. Oxford Index. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00038167. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
^ Ward, Elizabeth (1983). David Jones, Mythmaker. Manchester University Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780719009556.
^ Collins, Judith (1982). "Eric Gill's Stations of the Cross in Westminster Cathedral". The Journal of the Decorative Arts Society 1890-1940 (6): 30. ISSN 2052-6342. JSTOR 41806691.
^ MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.
^ Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 29. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.
^ MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.
^ ^a ^b Gill, Eric (13 January 2019). Autobiography. Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 302. ISBN 978-1-78912-329-6.
^ Seasoltz, R. Kevin (1 January 2005). A Sense of the Sacred: Theological Foundations of Sacred Architecture and Art. A&C Black. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-8264-1697-1.
^ Hardy, Dennis (2000). Utopian England: Community Experiments, 1900-1945. Psychology Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-419-24670-1.
^ O'Huallachain, D. Liam; Sharpe, John (2008). Distributist Perspectives: Essays on the Economics of Justice and Charity. IHS Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-932528-12-1.
^ Ward, Elizabeth (1983). David Jones, Mythmaker. Manchester University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7190-0955-6.
^ Alldritt, Keith (2003). David Jones: Writer and Artist. Constable. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-84119-379-3.
^ Neumann, Therese (29 September 1962). "Fr. Desmond Chute". The Tablet: 20.
^ MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.
^ MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.
^ Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 30. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.
^ Wilhelm, J. J. (2010). Ezra Pound: The Tragic Years, 1925-1972. Penn State Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780271042985.
^ ^a ^b Sewell, Brocard (1992). The Habit of a Lifetime. Tabb House. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-907018-92-6.
^ Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 31. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.
^ Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 32. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.
^ Rachewiltz, Mary de (2005). Ezra Pound, Father and Teacher: Discretions. New Directions Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-8112-1647-0.
^ MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.
^ Shloss, Carol (21 February 2023). Let the Wind Speak: Mary de Rachewiltz and Ezra Pound. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-5128-2326-4.
^ Conover, Anne (1 October 2008). Olga Rudge & Ezra Pound: "What Thou Lovest Well . . .". Yale University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-300-13308-0.
^ Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 34. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.
^ "Poets in Paradise". BBC. 24 December 1955. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
^ Bacigalupo, Massimo; Pratt, William (2008). Ezra Pound, Language and Persona. Università degli studi di Genova. p. 409.
^ Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 35. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.

[1] "Bristol's rich theatrical heritage revealed". University of Bristol. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

[2] Carleton, Don E. (1983). The Prince's of Park Row (PDF). Bristol (Department of History, University of Bristol, Bristol): Bristol Branch of the Historical Association. p. 11. ISBN 0901388319.

[3] Jamieson, Joanna. "Welch, (Grace) Eileen [name in religion Werburg] (1894–1990)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/65567. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[4] The Downside Review. Vol. 119. Downside Abbey. 2001. p. 13.

[5] Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 27–28. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.

[Shewring28-6] Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895–1962". New Blackfriars. 44 (511): 28. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2005.1963.tb00882.x.

[Sewell1-7] The Antigonish Review. St. Francis Xavier University. 1985. p. 270.

[MacCarthy136-8] MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.

[9] Gough, Paul (2011). Your Loving Friend, Stanley: The Great War Correspondence Between Stanley Spencer and Desmond Chute. Sansom & Co. ISBN 978-1906593766.

[10] "Stanley Spencer by Chute - 1916". Stanley Spencer Gallery. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

[11] MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.

[12] Davies, Hilary (2017). "Comparing David Jones's "In Parenthesis" and Stanley Spencer's Sandham Chapel, Burghclere". The British Art Journal. 18 (1): 38–42. ISSN 1467-2006. JSTOR 26450285.

[13] Langmuir, Erika (2014). "Stanley Spencer and the Acts of Mercy — a suggested additional source for the Sandham Memorial Chapel". The Burlington Magazine. 156 (1338): 590–594. ISSN 0007-6287. JSTOR 24241862.

[14] "Chute, Desmond Macready". CHUTE, Desmond Macready (1895 - 1961), Painter. Oxford Index. 31 October 2011. doi:10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00038167. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

[15] Ward, Elizabeth (1983). David Jones, Mythmaker. Manchester University Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780719009556.

[16] Collins, Judith (1982). "Eric Gill's Stations of the Cross in Westminster Cathedral". The Journal of the Decorative Arts Society 1890-1940 (6): 30. ISSN 2052-6342. JSTOR 41806691.

[17] MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 138. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.

[18] Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 29. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.

[19] MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.

[GillAuto-20] Gill, Eric (13 January 2019). Autobiography. Pickle Partners Publishing. p. 302. ISBN 978-1-78912-329-6.

[21] Seasoltz, R. Kevin (1 January 2005). A Sense of the Sacred: Theological Foundations of Sacred Architecture and Art. A&C Black. p. 322. ISBN 978-0-8264-1697-1.

[22] Hardy, Dennis (2000). Utopian England: Community Experiments, 1900-1945. Psychology Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-419-24670-1.

[23] O'Huallachain, D. Liam; Sharpe, John (2008). Distributist Perspectives: Essays on the Economics of Justice and Charity. IHS Press. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-932528-12-1.

[24] Ward, Elizabeth (1983). David Jones, Mythmaker. Manchester University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7190-0955-6.

[25] Alldritt, Keith (2003). David Jones: Writer and Artist. Constable. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-84119-379-3.

[26] Neumann, Therese (29 September 1962). "Fr. Desmond Chute". The Tablet: 20.

[27] MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.

[28] MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.

[29] Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 30. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.

[30] Wilhelm, J. J. (2010). Ezra Pound: The Tragic Years, 1925-1972. Penn State Press. p. 110. ISBN 9780271042985.

[Sewell2-31] Sewell, Brocard (1992). The Habit of a Lifetime. Tabb House. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-907018-92-6.

[32] Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 31. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.

[33] Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 32. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.

[34] Rachewiltz, Mary de (2005). Ezra Pound, Father and Teacher: Discretions. New Directions Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-8112-1647-0.

[35] MacCarthy, Fiona (1990). Eric Gill. Faber & Faber. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-571-14302-3.

[36] Shloss, Carol (21 February 2023). Let the Wind Speak: Mary de Rachewiltz and Ezra Pound. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-5128-2326-4.

[37] Conover, Anne (1 October 2008). Olga Rudge & Ezra Pound: "What Thou Lovest Well . . .". Yale University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-300-13308-0.

[38] Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 34. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.

[39] "Poets in Paradise". BBC. 24 December 1955. Retrieved 14 November 2015.

[40] Bacigalupo, Massimo; Pratt, William (2008). Ezra Pound, Language and Persona. Università degli studi di Genova. p. 409.

[41] Shewring, Walter (1963). "Desmond Chute, 1895-1962". Blackfriars. 44 (511): 35. ISSN 1754-2014. JSTOR 43816566.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{Use British English|date=June 2015}}
 {{Infobox artist
+| honorific_prefix = The Reverend
-| name          = Desmond Macready Chute
-| image         = Desmond Macready Chute.tiff
+| name             = Desmond Macready Chute
+| honorific_suffix = [[Third Order of Saint Dominic|TOSD]]
-| image_size    = 180px
-| caption       =
+| image            = Desmond Macready Chute.tiff
-| birth_name    =
+| image_size       = 180px
+| caption          =
-| birth_date    = {{birth-date|1895}}
-| birth_place   = [[Bristol]]
+| birth_name       =
-| death_date    = {{death-date|1962}}
+| birth_date       = {{birth-date|1895}}
-| death_place   = [[Rapallo]]
+| birth_place      = [[Bristol]]
+| death_date       = {{death-date|1962}}
-| nationality   = English
-| known_for     =
+| death_place      = [[Rapallo]]
-| training      =
+| nationality      = English
-| movement      =
+| known_for        =
+| training         =
-| notable_works =
-| patrons       =
+| movement         =
-| awards        =
+| notable_works    =
+| patrons          =
+| awards           =
 }}
-'''Desmond Macready Chute''' (1895&ndash;1962) was an English poet and artist, who became a Catholic priest in 1927.
+'''Desmond Macready Chute''' (1895–1962) was an English poet and artist, who became a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] priest in 1927.
 ==Early life==
-He was born in [[Bristol]], the son of James Macready Chute (1856&ndash;1912) and his wife Abigail Philomena Hennessy (1855&ndash;1931). His father ran the family theatre.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bristol's rich theatrical heritage revealed|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2007/5601.html|publisher=University of Bristol|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref> His mother was the second daughter of Joseph Henessy of Richmond Terrace, [[Clifton, Bristol]], a cattle-dealer: the Henessy family were Irish Catholics, [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] in politics.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carleton |first1=Don E. |title=The Prince's of Park Row |date=1983 |publisher=Bristol Branch of the Historical Association |location=Bristol (Department of History, University of Bristol, Bristol) |isbn=0901388319 |page=11 |url=https://bristolha.files.wordpress.com/2019/10/bha055.pdf}}</ref> Abigail Chute was on good terms with Grace Mary Welch of [[Cheltenham]], mother of [[Werburg Welch]] who later became a close friend of Desmond.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=65567|first=Joanna|last=Jamieson|title=Welch, (Grace) Eileen [name in religion Werburg] (1894–1990)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Downside Review |date=2001 |publisher=Downside Abbey |page=13|volume=119 |language=en}}</ref>
+He was born in [[Bristol]], the son of James Macready Chute (1856&ndash;1912) and his wife Abigail Philomena Henessy (1855&ndash;1931). His father ran the [[Prince's Theatre, Bristol]], the family business.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bristol's rich theatrical heritage revealed|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2007/5601.html|publisher=University of Bristol|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref> His mother was the second daughter of Joseph Henessy of Richmond Terrace, [[Clifton, Bristol]], a cattle-dealer: the Henessy family were Irish Catholics, [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] in politics.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Carleton |first1=Don E. |title=The Prince's of Park Row |date=1983 |publisher=Bristol Branch of the Historical Association |location=Bristol (Department of History, University of Bristol, Bristol) |isbn=0901388319 |page=11 |url=https://bristolha.files.wordpress.com/2019/10/bha055.pdf}}</ref> Abigail Chute was on good terms with Grace Mary Welch of [[Cheltenham]], mother of [[Werburg Welch]] who later became a close friend of Desmond.<ref>{{cite ODNB|id=65567|first=Joanna|last=Jamieson|title=Welch, (Grace) Eileen [name in religion Werburg] (1894–1990)}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Downside Review |date=2001 |publisher=Downside Abbey |page=13|volume=119 |language=en}}</ref>
-Chute was educated at [[Downside School]], where he was taught by the classicist Nevile Hunter Watts.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shewring |first1=Walter |title=Desmond Chute, 1895-1962 |journal=Blackfriars |date=1963 |volume=44 |issue=511 |page=28 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43816566 |issn=1754-2014}}</ref> He went on to the [[Slade School of Art]] in London.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shewring|first1=Walter|title=Desmond Chute, 1895–1962|journal=New Blackfriars|date=1963|volume=44|issue=511|pages=27–36|doi=10.1111/j.1741-2005.1963.tb00882.x}}</ref> His mother had taken over the Bristol theatre on his father's death in 1912, and on the outbreak of war in 1914 he returned to Bristol to support her.<ref name="MacCarthy136">{{cite book |last1=MacCarthy |first1=Fiona |title=Eric Gill |date=1990 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-14302-3 |page=136 |language=en}}</ref>
+Chute was educated from 1906 at [[Downside School]], where he was taught by the classicist Nevile Hunter Watts.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shewring |first1=Walter |title=Desmond Chute, 1895-1962 |journal=Blackfriars |date=1963 |volume=44 |issue=511 |pages=27–28 |jstor=43816566 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43816566 |issn=1754-2014}}</ref> He went on in 1912 to the [[Slade School of Art]] in London.<ref name="Shewring28">{{cite journal|last1=Shewring|first1=Walter|title=Desmond Chute, 1895–1962|journal=New Blackfriars|date=1963|volume=44|issue=511|page=28|doi=10.1111/j.1741-2005.1963.tb00882.x}}</ref> In 1913 he exhibited some paintings, and in 1914 he had a show of portraits at the [[New English Art Club]].<ref name="Sewell1">{{cite book |title=The Antigonish Review |date=1985|issue=60–63 |publisher=St. Francis Xavier University. |page=270 |language=en}}</ref> His mother had taken over the Bristol theatre on his father's death in 1912, and on the outbreak of war in 1914 Chute returned to Bristol to support her.<ref name="MacCarthy136">{{cite book |last1=MacCarthy |first1=Fiona |title=Eric Gill |date=1990 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-14302-3 |page=136 |language=en}}</ref> [[Brocard Sewell]] concludes that he was exempt from military service during [[World War I]].<ref name="Sewell1"/>
+Chute was a close friend of [[Stanley Spencer]], from 1915, and the period when Spencer was a medical orderly at the [[Beaufort War Hospital]] in the Bristol area.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gough|first1=Paul|title=Your Loving Friend, Stanley: The Great War Correspondence Between Stanley Spencer and Desmond Chute|date=2011|publisher=Sansom & Co|isbn=978-1906593766}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Stanley Spencer by Chute - 1916|url=http://www.kwantes.com/SSG%20website/collection/stanleyspencerbychute.html|publisher=Stanley Spencer Gallery|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=MacCarthy |first1=Fiona |title=Eric Gill |date=1990 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-14302-3 |page=144 |language=en}}</ref> During the war years and into the 1920s he was encouraging Spencer to become a Catholic convert.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Davies |first1=Hilary |title=Comparing David Jones's "In Parenthesis" and Stanley Spencer's Sandham Chapel, Burghclere |journal=The British Art Journal |date=2017 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=38–42 |jstor=26450285 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26450285 |issn=1467-2006}}</ref> In a letter of 1928 to [[Richard Carline]], Spencer alluded to a passage in ''[[Confessions (Augustine)|Confessions]]'', a work given to him in 1916 by Chute, as a religious influence.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Langmuir |first1=Erika |title=Stanley Spencer and the Acts of Mercy — a suggested additional source for the Sandham Memorial Chapel |journal=The Burlington Magazine |date=2014 |volume=156 |issue=1338 |pages=590–594 |jstor=24241862 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24241862 |issn=0007-6287}}</ref>
 ==Ditchling and the Third Order of Saint Dominic==
 {{details|The Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic}}
-In 1918 Chute encountered [[Eric Gill]] at work in [[Westminster Cathedral]].<ref name="MacCarthy136"/> The contact resulted in Chute's participation in the craft community at [[Ditchling]], [[Sussex]]. It had grown up over the previous decade around Gill and others. by Chute - 1916|url=http://www.kwantes.com/SSG%20website/collection/stanleyspencerbychute.html|publisher=Stanley Spencer Gallery|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref> Chute became a close colleague, assistant and "beloved brother" of Gill, and a co-founder of [[The Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic]],<ref>{{cite web|title=CHUTE, Desmond Macready (1895 - 1961), Painter|url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00038167|publisher=Oxford Index|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Elizabeth|title=David Jones, Mythmaker|date=1983|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719009556|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hYNAQAAIAAJ&q=Desmond+Chute+distributist&pg=PA27}}</ref> He published poetry in ''The Game'', the community's magazine. His mother was a principal patron of the Guild in its early days.
+In 1918 Chute encountered [[Eric Gill]] at work in [[Westminster Cathedral]].<ref name="MacCarthy136"/> The contact resulted in Chute's participation in the craft community at [[Ditchling]], [[Sussex]]. It had grown up over the previous decade around Gill and others. Chute became a close colleague, assistant and "beloved brother" of Gill.<ref>{{cite book|title=CHUTE, Desmond Macready (1895 - 1961), Painter|chapter=Chute, Desmond Macready |date=31 October 2011 |url=http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00038167|publisher=Oxford Index|doi=10.1093/benz/9780199773787.article.B00038167 |accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ward|first1=Elizabeth|title=David Jones, Mythmaker|date=1983|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=9780719009556|page=27|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9hYNAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA27}}</ref>
+Gill completed his work on the [[Stations of the Cross]] in the cathedral, and it was consecrated on [[Good Friday]] 1918.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Collins |first1=Judith |title=Eric Gill's Stations of the Cross in Westminster Cathedral |journal=The Journal of the Decorative Arts Society 1890-1940 |date=1982 |issue=6 |pages=30 |jstor=41806691 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41806691 |issn=2052-6342}}</ref> He had been exempted from conscription while he was engaged on the task. He was called up in September of that year, to a [[Royal Air Force]] camp at [[Blandford]]. He left Chute in charge at Ditchling, and he oversaw Gill's household and workshop.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacCarthy |first1=Fiona |title=Eric Gill |date=1990 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-14302-3 |page=138 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shewring |first1=Walter |title=Desmond Chute, 1895-1962 |journal=Blackfriars |date=1963 |volume=44 |issue=511 |page=29|jstor=43816566 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43816566 |issn=1754-2014}}</ref>   He worked under Gill of a set of Stations of the Cross, for [[John O'Connor (priest)|John O'Connor]] at St Cuthbert's Church in [[Bradford]].<ref name="Shewring28"/> He published poetry in ''The Game'', the community's magazine. His mother was a principal patron of the Guild in its early days.
-Chute started in 1921 to study for the priesthood, in [[Fribourg]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Neumann|first1=Therese|title=Fr. Desmond Chute|journal=The Tablet|date=29 September 1962|page=20|url=http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/29th-september-1962/20/therese-neumann}}</ref>
+In 1920 Gill and his wife Mary, Chute, [[Hilary Pepler]] and Herbert Shove became Tertiaries, joining the lay [[Third Order of Saint Dominic]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacCarthy |first1=Fiona |title=Eric Gill |date=1990 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-14302-3 |page=145 |language=en}}</ref> Chute was already a member of the [[Third Order of Saint Francis]].<ref name="GillAuto">{{cite book |last1=Gill |first1=Eric |title=Autobiography |date=13 January 2019 |publisher=Pickle Partners Publishing |isbn=978-1-78912-329-6 |page=302 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GF2LDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT302 |language=en}}</ref> Chute, Gill and Pepler went on to found [[The Guild of St Joseph and St Dominic]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Seasoltz |first1=R. Kevin |title=A Sense of the Sacred: Theological Foundations of Sacred Architecture and Art |date=1 January 2005 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-0-8264-1697-1 |page=322 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oq61z-rW7JwC&pg=PA322 |language=en}}</ref> Influential in this further step was [[Vincent McNabb]] OP. Gill knew him already, having met McNabb at the Edinburgh house of [[André Raffalovich]].<ref name="GillAuto"/> McNabb provided an economic theory and pointed to the works of [[Thomas Aquinas]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hardy |first1=Dennis |title=Utopian England: Community Experiments, 1900-1945 |date=2000 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-419-24670-1 |page=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YiTBDbHoS7MC&pg=PA161 |language=en}}</ref> Pepler's St. Dominic's Press published works by McNabb and other Catholic writers, illustrated by Chute, [[Philip Hagreen]] and other Ditchling artists.<ref>{{cite book |last1=O'Huallachain |first1=D. Liam |last2=Sharpe |first2=John |title=Distributist Perspectives: Essays on the Economics of Justice and Charity |date=2008 |publisher=IHS Press |isbn=978-1-932528-12-1 |page=135 |language=en}}</ref> Some years later the [[ruralist]] views of McNabb found expression in [[Distributism]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ward |first1=Elizabeth |title=David Jones, Mythmaker |date=1983 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-0955-6 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtRRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA27 |language=en}}</ref>
-==Priest==
-Later Chute moved for his health to [[Rapallo]], Italy, where he was a close friend of [[Max Beerbohm]] and [[Ezra Pound]], and one of the ''Tigullian Circle'' clique around him.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wilhelm|first1=J. J.|title=Ezra Pound: The Tragic Years, 1925-1972|date=2010|publisher=Penn State Press|isbn=9780271042985|page=110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s3mw-IZom4sC&q=Desmond+Chute+Rapallo&pg=PA110}}</ref>  He tutored [[Mary de Rachewiltz]], Pound's daughter with [[Olga Rudge]], and supported both of them when Pound was arrested and deported by the US army.  During the war, Desmond was interned  at [[Bobbio]], where he taught English to the local boys, and where he remained until the end of the war.
+[[David Jones (artist-poet)|David Jones]] arrived in Ditchling in 1921, as an assistant to Gill. Chute befriended him, and taught him [[wood carving]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Alldritt |first1=Keith |title=David Jones: Writer and Artist |date=2003 |publisher=Constable |isbn=978-1-84119-379-3 |page=50 |language=en}}</ref> That year, Chute started to study for the Catholic priesthood, in [[Fribourg]] at the Albertinum, the international Dominican priory there.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Neumann|first1=Therese|title=Fr. Desmond Chute|journal=The Tablet|date=29 September 1962|page=20|url=http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/29th-september-1962/20/therese-neumann}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=MacCarthy |first1=Fiona |title=Eric Gill |date=1990 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-14302-3 |page=160 |language=en}}</ref> He put the Bristolian [[Douglas Cleverdon]] in touch with Gill in the mid-1920s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacCarthy |first1=Fiona |title=Eric Gill |date=1990 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-14302-3 |page=192 |language=en}}</ref>
-Chute's radio play ''Poets in Paradise'' was broadcast by the [[BBC]] in 1955.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poets in Paradise|url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/88dd16badc8141638d4e72a18dba75d4|publisher=BBC|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref>
-==Death and legacy==
+==Priest in Italy==
+Chute's studies to become a priest were interrupted by bouts of [[tuberculosis]]. He was ordained priest on 25 September 1927, at Downside School. He then moved for his health to [[Rapallo]], Italy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shewring |first1=Walter |title=Desmond Chute, 1895-1962 |journal=Blackfriars |date=1963 |volume=44 |issue=511 |page=30 |jstor=43816566 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43816566 |issn=1754-2014}}</ref>
-Chute died and was buried in Rapallo. A memorial designed by Eric Gill stands in Canford Cemetery, Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol.
+There Chute knew [[Ezra Pound]], [[Olga Rudge]], and the ''Tigullian Circle'' musical society they promoted.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wilhelm|first1=J. J.|title=Ezra Pound: The Tragic Years, 1925-1972|date=2010|publisher=Penn State Press|isbn=9780271042985|page=110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s3mw-IZom4sC&q=Desmond+Chute+Rapallo&pg=PA110}}</ref><ref name="Sewell2">{{cite book |last1=Sewell |first1=Brocard |title=The Habit of a Lifetime |date=1992 |publisher=Tabb House |isbn=978-0-907018-92-6 |page=117 |language=en}}</ref> He also knew [[Max Beerbohm]].<ref name="Sewell2"/> He had English visitors, including at Christmas 1936 the Gills, and [[Christopher Dawson]] and his wife.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shewring |first1=Walter |title=Desmond Chute, 1895-1962 |journal=Blackfriars |date=1963 |volume=44 |issue=511 |page=31 |jstor=43816566 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43816566 |issn=1754-2014}}</ref> He did work for the [[Apostleship of the Sea]] at [[Genoa]], which had papal recognition.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shewring |first1=Walter |title=Desmond Chute, 1895-1962 |journal=Blackfriars |date=1963 |volume=44 |issue=511 |page=32|jstor=43816566 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43816566 |issn=1754-2014}}</ref>
-Some of his papers are held in the Eric Gill Collection at [[Chichester]], and others by his relation, [[David Charles Manners]].
+Chute tutored [[Mary de Rachewiltz]], Pound's daughter with Olga Rudge. This was during the period 1941 to 1943, and Mary gave an account of him in her memoirs:
-==Associations==
-Chute was an intimate and influential friend of [[Stanley Spencer]], from 1915.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gough|first1=Paul|title=Your Loving Friend, Stanley: The Great War Correspondence Between Stanley Spencer and Desmond Chute|date=2011|publisher=Sansom & Co|isbn=978-1906593766}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Stanley Spencer
+<blockquote>Thin and very tall, a long, pale face, with lots of hair and a beard (dyed red), melodramatically stretched out on couches with layers of capes and blankets and three kinds of curtains at the windows that had to be drawn at the least change of light outside, a series of eyeglasses and eyeshades and reading lamps. His health was poor, his eyesight very delicate.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rachewiltz |first1=Mary de |title=Ezra Pound, Father and Teacher: Discretions |date=2005 |publisher=New Directions Publishing |isbn=978-0-8112-1647-0 |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2cDvrjF-RGsC&pg=PA147 |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>
-Chute became a convinced [[distributist]] and follower of [[Vincent McNabb]],<ref>{{cite book|last1=O'Huallachain|first1=D.|last2=Sharpe|first2=John|last3=Carlson|first3=Allan|title=Distributist Perspectives: Volume II: Essays on the Economics of Justice and Charity|date=2008|publisher=IHS Press|isbn=9781605700021|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3UlCQAAQBAJ&q=Desmond+Chute+distributist&pg=PT143}}</ref> to whom he and Gill were introduced in 1914 by [[Marc-Andre Raffalovich]] and [[John Gray (poet)|John Gray]].
+Another account, by the physician [[Pietro Berri]]:
+<blockquote>...the figure of a priest, tall, but of a wan complexion, with a beard at one time golden, but gradually streaked with grey, always sporting dark glasses for the greater protection of his sight, or an eyeshade ...<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacCarthy |first1=Fiona |title=Eric Gill |date=1990 |publisher=Faber & Faber |isbn=978-0-571-14302-3 |page=277 |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>
+Chute supported Mary and her mother when Pound was arrested and deported by the US army. In the last year of World War II, Chute himself was deported from Rapallo and held prisoner.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shloss |first1=Carol |title=Let the Wind Speak: Mary de Rachewiltz and Ezra Pound |date=21 February 2023 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-1-5128-2326-4 |page=69 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yQd2EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 |language=en}}</ref> He was interned at [[Bobbio]], where he worked in a hospital.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Conover |first1=Anne |title=Olga Rudge & Ezra Pound: "What Thou Lovest Well . . ." |date=1 October 2008 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-13308-0 |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_rQnjnGPwoC&pg=PA152 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shewring |first1=Walter |title=Desmond Chute, 1895-1962 |journal=Blackfriars |date=1963 |volume=44 |issue=511 |page=34 |jstor=43816566 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43816566 |issn=1754-2014}}</ref>
+Chute's radio play ''Poets in Paradise'' was broadcast by the [[BBC]] in 1955.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poets in Paradise|date=24 December 1955 |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/88dd16badc8141638d4e72a18dba75d4|publisher=BBC|accessdate=14 November 2015}}</ref>
+==Death and legacy==
+Chute died and was buried in Rapallo. According to his wishes, his grave carried the inscription ''Pulvis attamen sacerdos'' (dust yet a priest).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bacigalupo |first1=Massimo |last2=Pratt |first2=William |title=Ezra Pound, Language and Persona |date=2008 |publisher=Università degli studi di Genova |page=409 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Shewring |first1=Walter |title=Desmond Chute, 1895-1962 |journal=Blackfriars |date=1963 |volume=44 |issue=511 |page=35 |jstor=43816566 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43816566 |issn=1754-2014}}</ref> A memorial designed by Eric Gill stands in Canford Cemetery, Westbury-on-Trym, near Bristol. Some of his papers are held in the Eric Gill Collection at [[Chichester]], and others by his relation, [[David Charles Manners]].
 ==External links==
 {{wikisource author}}
-*[http://www.guildjosephdominic.org.uk/index.php/desmond-chute/ Biography of Chute on Guild website]
+*[https://guildjosephdominic.org.uk/index.php/desmond-chute/ Biography of Chute on Guild website]
 ==References==
 {{reflist}}
@@ Line 62: / Line 76: @@
 [[Category:People educated at Downside School]]
 [[Category:20th-century English Roman Catholic priests]]
+[[Category:Lay Dominicans]]
 [[Category:English male dramatists and playwrights]]
 [[Category:20th-century English dramatists and playwrights]]

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