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Coordinates: 49°28′48″N 105°05′06″E / 49.48000°N 105.08500°E / 49.48000; 105.08500
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{{Short description|Monastery in Selenge, Mongolia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery
{{Infobox Tibetan Buddhist monastery
|name ={{MongolUnicode|ᠠᠮᠤᠷ<br>ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ<br>ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ}}<br>Амарбаясгалант хийд<br />慶寧寺
|name =Amarbayasgalant Monastery
|image = Amarbayasgalant monastery temple 01.JPG
|image = Amarbayasgalant monastery temple 01.JPG
|image size =
|image_size =
|alt =
|alt =
|caption = Amarbayasgalant Monastery, Mongolia
|caption = Amarbayasgalant Monastery, Mongolia
|pushpin_map = Mongolia
|pushpin_map = Mongolia
⚫
|coordinates = {{coord|49|28|48|N|105|05|06|E|type:landmark_region:CN|display=inline,title}}
|latd =49 | latm = 28 | lats = 48 | latNS = N
|longd= 105| longm=05 | longs =06| longEW = E
|map_caption = Location within Mongolia
|map_caption = Location within Mongolia
|mapsize = 250
|map_size = 250
|location_country = China
|location_country = Mongolia
|location= Mount Büren-Khaan, [[Baruunbüren, Selenge|Baruunbüren Sum]], [[Selenge Province]], [[Mongolia]]
|location= Mount Büren-Khaan, [[Baruunbüren|Baruunbüren Sum]], [[Selenge Province]], [[Mongolia]]
|coordinates_display =
|founded_by =
|founded_by =
|founded =1727
|founded =1727
|date_renovated =1988
|sect =
|sect =
|lineage=
|lineage=
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|colleges=
|colleges=
|no._of_monks =
|no._of_monks =
|architecture = Chinese, Mongol and Tibetan influences
|architecture = Chinese, Mongol and Tibetan influences
|festivals=
|festivals=
|footnotes =
|footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Amarbayasgalant Monastery''' ({{lang-mn|Амарбаясгалант хийд}} ''Amurbayasqulangtu keyid''; Manchu: Urgun Elhe Sy, Chinese: 慶寧寺) or the "Monastery of Tranquil Felicity", is one of the three largest [[Buddhist]] monastic centers in Mongolia. The monastery complex is located in the [[Iven Valley]] near the [[Selenge River]], at the foot of Mount Büren-Khaan in [[Baruunbüren, Selenge|Baruunbüren]] [[Sums of Mongolia|sum]] (district) of [[Selenge Province]] in northern Mongolia. The nearest town is [[Erdenet]] which is about 60&nbsp;km to the southwest.
'''Amarbayasgalant Monastery''' ({{lang-mn|Амарбаясгалант хийд}}, {{MongolUnicode|ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ|h}}''Amurbayasqulangtu keyid''; {{lang-mnc|{{ManchuSibeUnicode|ᡠ᠊ᡵᡤᡠᠨ ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᠰᡟ|h}}}} ''Urgun Elhe Sy'', {{zh|t=慶寧寺|s=庆宁寺|p=Qìngníng sì}}) or the "azzaya", is one of the three largest [[Buddhist]] monastic centers in Mongolia. The monastery complex is located in the Iven Valley near the [[Selenge River]], at the foot of Mount Büren-Khaan in [[Baruunbüren, Selenge|Baruunbüren]] [[Sums of Mongolia|sum]] (district) of [[Selenge Province]] in northern Mongolia. The nearest town is [[Erdenet]] which is about 60&nbsp;km to the southwest.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sermier|first1=Claire|title=Mongolia: Empire of the Steppes|date=2002|publisher=Odyssey|isbn=9622177166|page=194}}</ref>
⚫
[[File:Amarbayasgalant16.JPG|thumb|left|Amarbayasgalant Monastery]]
⚫
The monastery was established and funded by order of the [[Yongzheng Emperor]] (and completed under his successor the [[Qianlong Emperor]]) of [[Qing dynasty|Qing China]] to serve as a final resting place for [[Zanabazar]] (1635–1723), the first [[Jebtsundamba Khutuktu]], or spiritual head of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] for the [[Khalkha]] in [[Outer Mongolia]] and a spiritual mentor to both emperors' ancestor, the [[Kangxi Emperor]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Van Vleet|first1=Stacey|title=Zanabazar Jebtsundampa Khutukhtu|url=https://lamas-and-emperors.wikischolars.columbia.edu/Zanabazar+Jebtsundampa+++Khutukhtu|website=Lamas-and-emperors|accessdate=12 October 2015}}</ref> Tradition holds that while searching for an appropriate site to build the monastery, the exploratory group came across two young boys, Amur and Bayasqulangtu, playing on the [[steppe]]. They were inspired to build the monastery on that very spot and to name it after the two children, Amur-Bayasqulangtu. More likely, the location was chosen because it stood at the place where the lama's traveling ''Da Khuree'' (his mobile monastery and prime residence) was encamped at the moment of his death. Construction took place between 1727 and 1736 and Zanabazar's remains were transferred there in 1779.


⚫
Amarbayasgalant monastery is dedicated to Zanabazar's main tutelary deity, [[Maitreya]]. Unlike [[Erdene Zuu Monastery]], which is an ensemble of temple halls of different styles, Amarbayasgalant shows great stylistic unity. The overriding style is Chinese, with some Mongol and Tibetan influence. The monastery resembles Yongzheng's own palace [[Yonghegong]] in Beijing (converted by his son the Qianlong Emperor into a Buddhist monastery). Originally consisting of over 40 temples, the monastery was laid out in a symmetrical pattern, with the main buildings succeeding one another along a north–south axis, while the secondary buildings are laid out on parallel sides.
⚫
The monastery was established and funded by order of [[Manchu people|Manchu]] emperor [[Kangxi Emperor|Kang Xi]] or ''Enkh-Amgalan Khan'' to serve as a final resting place for [[Zanabazar]] (1635–1723), the first [[Jebtsundamba Khutuktu]], or spiritual head of [[Tibetan Buddhism]] for the [[Khalkha]] in [[Outer Mongolia]]. According to tradition, while searching for an appropriate site to build the monastery, the exploratory group came across two young boys, Amur and Bayasqulangtu, playing on the [[steppe]]. They were inspired to build the monastery on that very spot and to name it after the two children, Amur-Bayasqulangtu. Construction took place between 1727 and 1736 and Zanabazar's remains were transferred to a newly created temple in 1788.
⚫
[[File:AmarbayasgalantFront.jpg|thumb|center|700px|Frontal view of Amarbayasgalant Monastery]]
⚫
Unlike the [[Erdene Zuu Monastery]], which is an ensemble of temple halls of different styles, Amarbayasgalant shows great stylistic unity. The overriding style is Chinese, with some Mongol and Tibetan influence. Originally consisting of over 40 temples, the monastery was laid out in a symmetrical pattern, with the main buildings succeeding one another along a North-South axis, while the secondary buildings are laid out on parallel sides.


Amarbayasgalant was one of the very few monasteries to have partly escaped destruction during the [[Stalinist repressions in Mongolia|Stalinist purges]] of 1937, after which only the buildings of the central section remained. Many of the monks were executed by the country's Communist regime and the monastery's artifacts, including [[thangka]]s, statues, and manuscripts were looted, although some were hidden until more fortunate times.
Amarbayasgalant was one of the very few monasteries to have partly escaped destruction during the [[Stalinist repressions in Mongolia|Stalinist purges]] of 1937, after which only the buildings of the central section remained. Many of the monks were executed by the country's Communist regime and the monastery's artifacts, including [[thangka]]s, statues, and manuscripts were looted, although some were hidden until more fortunate times.


Today, only 28 temples remain. Restoration work began in 1988 with funds provided by [[UNESCO]] and private sources and some of the new statuary was commissioned in [[New Delhi]], [[India]].
Today, only 28 temples remain. Restoration work began in 1988 with funds provided by [[UNESCO]] and private sources and some of the new statuary was commissioned in [[New Delhi]], [[India]].


== References ==
<gallery caption="Amarbayasgalant Monastery" widths="180px" heights="120px" perrow="3">
{{Reflist}}
File:Amarbayasgalant Monastery.JPG|Amarbayasgalant Monastery temple
File:Amarbayasgalant Khiid 531181748 e1710e6a34 o.jpg|Amarbayasgalant Khiid
File:Amarbayasgalant Khiid 531290689 a53f76ff2b o.jpg|Stupa at Amarbayasgalant Khiid
File:Amarbayasgalant Khiid 531287225 d8a4250c85 o.jpg|Amarbayasgalant Khiid
File:Amarbayasgalant Khiid 531288741 ad9e3f47d7 o.jpg|Amarbayasgalant Khiid
File:Amarbayasgalant Khiid 3020695430 95508de432 o.jpg|A window, Amarbayasgalant Khiid
File:Amarbayasgalant Khiid 3019863653 7dfd717c6a o.jpg|Interior
File:Amarbayasgalant Khiid 3019863347 1d7bafa5df o.jpg|Amarbayasgalant Khiid
File:Amarbayasgalant Khiid 531183590 1e34c7c396 o.jpg|Courtyard
</gallery>


==External links==
==External links==
{{commonscat-inline}}
{{Commons category-inline}}
*[http://www.amarbayasgalant.org Amarbayasgalant Monastery Site]
*[http://www.amarbayasgalant.org Amarbayasgalant Monastery Site]
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{{coord|49|28|48|N|105|05|06|E|display=title}}


{{Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia}}
{{Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Tibetan Buddhist monasteries]]
[[Category:Selenge Province]]
[[Category:Gelug monasteries]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia]]
[[Category:Buddhist monasteries in Mongolia]]
[[Category:1727 establishments in Mongolia]]
[[Category:1727 establishments in Mongolia]]
[[Category:Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia]]


{{Buddhism-monastery-stub}}
{{Mongolia-struct-stub}}

Revision as of 14:24, 15 August 2024

ᠠᠮᠤᠷ
ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ
ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ
Амарбаясгалант хийд
慶寧寺
Amarbayasgalant Monastery, Mongolia
Religion
AffiliationTibetan Buddhism
Location
LocationMount Büren-Khaan, Baruunbüren Sum, Selenge Province, Mongolia
CountryMongolia
Amarbayasgalant Monastery is located in Mongolia
Amarbayasgalant Monastery
Location within Mongolia
Geographic coordinates49°28′48″N 105°05′06″E / 49.48000°N 105.08500°E / 49.48000; 105.08500
Architecture
StyleChinese, Mongol and Tibetan influences
Date established1727

Amarbayasgalant Monastery (Mongolian: Амарбаясгалант хийд, ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠰᠬᠤᠯᠠᠩᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳAmurbayasqulangtu keyid; Manchu: ᡠ᠊ᡵᡤᡠᠨ ᡝᠯᡥᡝ ᠰᡟ Urgun Elhe Sy, simplified Chinese: 庆宁寺; traditional Chinese: 慶寧寺; pinyin: Qìngníng sì) or the "azzaya", is one of the three largest Buddhist monastic centers in Mongolia. The monastery complex is located in the Iven Valley near the Selenge River, at the foot of Mount Büren-Khaan in Baruunbüren sum (district) of Selenge Province in northern Mongolia. The nearest town is Erdenet which is about 60 km to the southwest.[1]

Amarbayasgalant Monastery

The monastery was established and funded by order of the Yongzheng Emperor (and completed under his successor the Qianlong Emperor) of Qing China to serve as a final resting place for Zanabazar (1635–1723), the first Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, or spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism for the Khalkha in Outer Mongolia and a spiritual mentor to both emperors' ancestor, the Kangxi Emperor.[2] Tradition holds that while searching for an appropriate site to build the monastery, the exploratory group came across two young boys, Amur and Bayasqulangtu, playing on the steppe. They were inspired to build the monastery on that very spot and to name it after the two children, Amur-Bayasqulangtu. More likely, the location was chosen because it stood at the place where the lama's traveling Da Khuree (his mobile monastery and prime residence) was encamped at the moment of his death. Construction took place between 1727 and 1736 and Zanabazar's remains were transferred there in 1779.

Amarbayasgalant monastery is dedicated to Zanabazar's main tutelary deity, Maitreya. Unlike Erdene Zuu Monastery, which is an ensemble of temple halls of different styles, Amarbayasgalant shows great stylistic unity. The overriding style is Chinese, with some Mongol and Tibetan influence. The monastery resembles Yongzheng's own palace Yonghegong in Beijing (converted by his son the Qianlong Emperor into a Buddhist monastery). Originally consisting of over 40 temples, the monastery was laid out in a symmetrical pattern, with the main buildings succeeding one another along a north–south axis, while the secondary buildings are laid out on parallel sides.

Amarbayasgalant was one of the very few monasteries to have partly escaped destruction during the Stalinist purges of 1937, after which only the buildings of the central section remained. Many of the monks were executed by the country's Communist regime and the monastery's artifacts, including thangkas, statues, and manuscripts were looted, although some were hidden until more fortunate times.

Today, only 28 temples remain. Restoration work began in 1988 with funds provided by UNESCO and private sources and some of the new statuary was commissioned in New Delhi, India.

References

  1. ^ Sermier, Claire (2002). Mongolia: Empire of the Steppes. Odyssey. p. 194. ISBN 9622177166.
  2. ^ Van Vleet, Stacey. "Zanabazar Jebtsundampa Khutukhtu". Lamas-and-emperors. Retrieved 12 October 2015.

Media related to Amarbayasgalant Monastery at Wikimedia Commons

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