Sharon Scranage espionage scandal: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1985 CIA espionage scandal}} |
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The '''Sharon Scranage espionage scandal''' involved the passing of classified information from Sharon Scranage, a clerk with the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], to Michael Soussoudis, an intelligence officer with the Ghanaian [[Provisional National Defence Council]]. |
The '''Sharon Scranage espionage scandal''' involved the passing of classified information from Sharon Scranage, a clerk with the [[Central Intelligence Agency]], to Michael Soussoudis, an intelligence officer with the Ghanaian [[Provisional National Defence Council]]. |
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==Sharon Scranage== |
==Sharon Scranage== |
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Sharon Marie Scranage was born October 1955.<ref>http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/DOC_0000624354.pdf</ref> |
Sharon Marie Scranage was born October 1955.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/DOC_0000624354.pdf |title=Studies In Intelligence |publisher=Foia.cia.gov |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> In May 1976, Scranage joined the CIA as a [[clerk]]-[[stenographer]].<ref name="autogenerated1"/> |
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==Michael Soussoudis== |
==Michael Soussoudis== |
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Michael Agbotui Soussoudis was born in April 1946<ref |
Michael Agbotui Soussoudis was born in April 1946<ref name="autogenerated1"/> in [[Accra, Ghana]]. He was brought up in [[West Germany]] and went to college in [[New York City]], where he also was married and divorced to an American woman. He returned to [[Ghana]] after college, and he was described as leading a "playboy lifestyle", due to his party lifestyle and friendship with American women, he was described as "more American than [[Culture of Africa|African]]." As an adult, he was described as a handsome, debonair character.<ref name="fultonhistory1">{{cite web|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2011/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times%201985%20Dec%201985/Geneva%20NY%20Finger%20Lake%20Times%201985%20Dec%201985%20-%200261.pdf |title=Ghana-U.S. spy exchange uncommon |publisher=Fultonhistory.com |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> At the time of the scandal, Soussoudis was a Ghanaian intelligence officer with permanent residence in the United States. |
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==Involvement with Sharon Scranage== |
==Involvement with Sharon Scranage== |
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Soussoudis formed a romantic relationship with [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] employee Sharon Scranage sometime between May 27, 1983, and October 1984,<ref name="autogenerated1994">Kessler, Ronald. ''Inside the CIA''. [[Simon & Schuster]], 1994, p. 198, {{ISBN|9780671734589}}</ref> eventually getting her to confide confidential information to him. The affair reportedly lasted 18 months.<ref name="fultonhistory1"/> She claimed that she had informed the CIA station chief in Ghana of the relationship and was told only to "be careful."<ref name=face2face>[https://face2faceafrica.com/article/the-love-story-turned-espionage-that-almost-strained-u-s-ghana-relations-in-1985 The love story turned CIA espionage that almost strained U.S.-Ghana relations in 1985]</ref> Soussoudis was assigned to seduce Scranage and solicit US intelligence from her. Scranage was working in Ghana in the role of operations support assistant at the time. Soussoudis obtained from Scranage the identities of Ghanaian citizens who were spying for the CIA, as well as plans for a coup against the Ghanaian government by dissidents. Soussoudis then passed the information to Ghanaian intelligence chief [[Kojo Tsikata]]. |
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The first indications of the affair occurred in 1983 when an Office of Security officer was at Scranage's home for dinner and noticed a picture of a man, later identified as Soussoudis on the vanity of her mirror. The picture showed a shirtless Soussoudis with blankets pulled up to his chest.<ref name="autogenerated1994"/> Upon Scranage's return to the U.S. she failed a routine [[polygraph]] test, and further questioning led to the CIA uncovering how much information Soussoudis had obtained from her. American authorities claimed that Scranage had handed Soussoudis "sensitive documents and the names of virtually everyone working for the C.I.A. in the country".<ref>{{cite news|author=Stephen Engelberg|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/13/us/officials-think-spying-led-to-death-of-cia-informant-in-ghana.html |title=Officials Think Spying Led To Death Of C.I.A. Informant In Ghana |work=New York Times |date=July 13, 1985 |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> Soussoudis is an example of employing a successful [[Honeypot (espionage)|honey trap]] to gain classified information. |
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Scranage, who worked in Ghana in the role of Operations Support Assistant, passed classified information to her boyfriend, Michael Soussoudis. Soussoudis, a Ghanaian citizen with permanent residence in the [[United States]], was a Ghanaian intelligence officer who had been assigned to seduce Scranage and solicit US intelligence from her. Soussoudis obtained from Scranage the identities of eight Ghanaian citizens who were spying for the CIA, as well as plans for a coup against the Ghanaian government by dissidents. Soussoudis then passed the information to intelligence chief [[Kojo Tsikata]]. The Ghanaians exposed as CIA spies by the intelligence were subsequently arrested. Tsikata is alleged to have shared the information with several countries in the [[Soviet bloc]]. |
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==Arrest and conviction of Scranage== |
==Arrest and conviction of Scranage== |
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Scranage is said to have come under suspicion when, upon her return to the United States in 1985, she failed a routine [[polygraph]] test. After an investigation, Scranage cooperated with the authorities, and assisted in the arrest of Soussoudis. Soussoudis was later released in exchange for the Ghanaians arrested as CIA spies, who were deported to the United States and stripped of their Ghanaian citizenship. |
Scranage is said to have come under suspicion when, upon her return to the United States in 1985, she failed a routine [[polygraph]] test. After an [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] investigation, Scranage cooperated with the authorities, and assisted in the arrest of Soussoudis. Soussoudis was later released in exchange for the Ghanaians arrested as CIA spies, who were deported to the United States and stripped of their Ghanaian citizenship. |
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Scranage was charged with espionage and with |
Scranage was charged with espionage and with breaching the [[Intelligence Identities Protection Act]]. She pleaded guilty to three of the eighteen charges against her, with the others being dropped. Late in 1985, she was sentenced to five years in prison, later reduced to two years.<ref>[[Josh Tyrangiel]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20121024180555/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1083872,00.html?iid=chix-sphere "What Can You Say About A Spy?"], ''[[Time Magazine]]'', July 25, 2005.</ref> |
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She ultimately served eight months of the original five-year sentence.<ref name="The Chicago Tribune; March 12, 2006">{{cite news |last=Crewdson |first=John |author-link=John M. Crewdson |date=March 12, 2006 |title=The murder that sparked Identities Protection Act |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2006-03-12/news/0603120383_1_spy-then-cia-director-william-colby-intelligence-identities-protection-act |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=August 15, 2015}}</ref> |
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==Arrest and conviction of Soussoudis== |
==Arrest and conviction of Soussoudis== |
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After Scranage's relationship with Soussoudis was discovered, Scranage agreed to help the |
After Scranage's relationship with Soussoudis was discovered, Scranage agreed to help the FBI lure him to the United States. While on leave back in the US while Soussoudis was also there, Scranage contacted him and asked to meet at a motel in northern Virginia, where Soussoudis was arrested and charged with eight counts of espionage.<ref name="autogenerated1"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://openjurist.org/807/f2d/383 |title=807 F2d 383 Washington Post Company v. Soussoudis |publisher=OpenJurist |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> During a closed court hearing, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison, but he was eventually traded in exchange for eight of the agents whose identities he had helped compromise in Ghana. He was released on condition that he quickly leave the United States.<ref name=face2face/> On December 3, 1985, he returned to Ghana and was greeted by thousands of cheering citizens.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Obed Asamoah |last=Asamoah |first=Obed Yao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0JKkBQAAQBAJ&q=soussoudis+return+to+ghana&pg=PA330 |title=The Political History of Ghana (1950-2013) |date= October 20, 2014|isbn=9781496985620 |access-date=June 1, 2015|via=Google Books}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | The information Soussoudis obtained from Sharon Scranage led to the arrest of eight Ghanaian citizens who had been spying for the CIA. They received sentences ranging from 25 years in prison with hard labor to life imprisonment. The US government believed that another CIA informant in Ghana who had been exposed was killed. The intelligence also uncovered a planned coup by Godfrey Osei, of which there are allegations that the CIA supported.<ref name=face2face/><ref name="latimes1985">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-11-26-mn-1944-story.html |title=U.S. Swaps Spy for 8 Ghanaians Who Aided CIA |work=Los Angeles Times |date=November 26, 1985 |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> The coup was allegedly already in motion with a boat carrying six tons of heavy weapons when the crew rebelled. That led to the boat of arms and mercenaries returning to [[Brazil]] and the mercenaries being arrested, and later breaking out of prison and making their way back to the United States.<ref name="latimes1985"/> Among the eight arrested in Ghana included Naval Captain Oppong, Colonel Bray, Abel Edusei, Adu Gyamfi, and Major John Kwaku Awuakye. They constituted some of the most high-ranking informants that the CIA had in the government of [[Jerry Rawlings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=48551 |title=Soussoudis CIA-Spies Scandal II | General News 2003-12-19 |publisher=Ghanaweb.com |access-date=June 1, 2015}}</ref> These eight CIA spies were stripped of their Ghanaian citizenship before being deported to the United States, and being relocated in the Virginia, D.C., area. According to FBI affidavits and CIA intelligence declassified in 2011, Ghanaian intelligence chief [[Kojo Tsikata]] passed intelligence provided by Scranage to [[Cuba]], [[Libya]], and [[East Germany]].<ref name=face2face/> |
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==See also== |
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* [[John Kiriakou]], another former CIA employee later charged under the 1982 Intelligence Identities Protection Act |
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| ⚫ | The information Soussoudis obtained from Sharon Scranage led to the arrest of |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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[[Category:Espionage scandals and incidents]] |
[[Category:Espionage scandals and incidents]] |
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[[Category:Ghana–United States relations]] |
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[[Category:1985 in Ghana]] |
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[[Category:1985 in the United States]] |
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[[Category:1985 crimes in Ghana]] |
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[[Category:1985 crimes in the United States]] |
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Revision as of 11:14, 15 August 2024
The Sharon Scranage espionage scandal involved the passing of classified information from Sharon Scranage, a clerk with the Central Intelligence Agency, to Michael Soussoudis, an intelligence officer with the Ghanaian Provisional National Defence Council.
Sharon Scranage
Sharon Marie Scranage was born October 1955.[1] In May 1976, Scranage joined the CIA as a clerk-stenographer.[1]
Michael Soussoudis
Michael Agbotui Soussoudis was born in April 1946[1] in Accra, Ghana. He was brought up in West Germany and went to college in New York City, where he also was married and divorced to an American woman. He returned to Ghana after college, and he was described as leading a "playboy lifestyle", due to his party lifestyle and friendship with American women, he was described as "more American than African." As an adult, he was described as a handsome, debonair character.[2] At the time of the scandal, Soussoudis was a Ghanaian intelligence officer with permanent residence in the United States.
Involvement with Sharon Scranage
Soussoudis formed a romantic relationship with CIA employee Sharon Scranage sometime between May 27, 1983, and October 1984,[3] eventually getting her to confide confidential information to him. The affair reportedly lasted 18 months.[2] She claimed that she had informed the CIA station chief in Ghana of the relationship and was told only to "be careful."[4] Soussoudis was assigned to seduce Scranage and solicit US intelligence from her. Scranage was working in Ghana in the role of operations support assistant at the time. Soussoudis obtained from Scranage the identities of Ghanaian citizens who were spying for the CIA, as well as plans for a coup against the Ghanaian government by dissidents. Soussoudis then passed the information to Ghanaian intelligence chief Kojo Tsikata.
The first indications of the affair occurred in 1983 when an Office of Security officer was at Scranage's home for dinner and noticed a picture of a man, later identified as Soussoudis on the vanity of her mirror. The picture showed a shirtless Soussoudis with blankets pulled up to his chest.[3] Upon Scranage's return to the U.S. she failed a routine polygraph test, and further questioning led to the CIA uncovering how much information Soussoudis had obtained from her. American authorities claimed that Scranage had handed Soussoudis "sensitive documents and the names of virtually everyone working for the C.I.A. in the country".[5] Soussoudis is an example of employing a successful honey trap to gain classified information.
Arrest and conviction of Scranage
Scranage is said to have come under suspicion when, upon her return to the United States in 1985, she failed a routine polygraph test. After an FBI investigation, Scranage cooperated with the authorities, and assisted in the arrest of Soussoudis. Soussoudis was later released in exchange for the Ghanaians arrested as CIA spies, who were deported to the United States and stripped of their Ghanaian citizenship.
Scranage was charged with espionage and with breaching the Intelligence Identities Protection Act. She pleaded guilty to three of the eighteen charges against her, with the others being dropped. Late in 1985, she was sentenced to five years in prison, later reduced to two years.[6] She ultimately served eight months of the original five-year sentence.[7]
Arrest and conviction of Soussoudis
After Scranage's relationship with Soussoudis was discovered, Scranage agreed to help the FBI lure him to the United States. While on leave back in the US while Soussoudis was also there, Scranage contacted him and asked to meet at a motel in northern Virginia, where Soussoudis was arrested and charged with eight counts of espionage.[1][8] During a closed court hearing, he was sentenced to 20 years in prison, but he was eventually traded in exchange for eight of the agents whose identities he had helped compromise in Ghana. He was released on condition that he quickly leave the United States.[4] On December 3, 1985, he returned to Ghana and was greeted by thousands of cheering citizens.[9]
Fallout and consequences
The information Soussoudis obtained from Sharon Scranage led to the arrest of eight Ghanaian citizens who had been spying for the CIA. They received sentences ranging from 25 years in prison with hard labor to life imprisonment. The US government believed that another CIA informant in Ghana who had been exposed was killed. The intelligence also uncovered a planned coup by Godfrey Osei, of which there are allegations that the CIA supported.[4][10] The coup was allegedly already in motion with a boat carrying six tons of heavy weapons when the crew rebelled. That led to the boat of arms and mercenaries returning to Brazil and the mercenaries being arrested, and later breaking out of prison and making their way back to the United States.[10] Among the eight arrested in Ghana included Naval Captain Oppong, Colonel Bray, Abel Edusei, Adu Gyamfi, and Major John Kwaku Awuakye. They constituted some of the most high-ranking informants that the CIA had in the government of Jerry Rawlings.[11] These eight CIA spies were stripped of their Ghanaian citizenship before being deported to the United States, and being relocated in the Virginia, D.C., area. According to FBI affidavits and CIA intelligence declassified in 2011, Ghanaian intelligence chief Kojo Tsikata passed intelligence provided by Scranage to Cuba, Libya, and East Germany.[4]
See also
- John Kiriakou, another former CIA employee later charged under the 1982 Intelligence Identities Protection Act
References
- ^ a b c d "Studies In Intelligence" (PDF). Foia.cia.gov. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- ^ a b "Ghana-U.S. spy exchange uncommon" (PDF). Fultonhistory.com. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- ^ a b Kessler, Ronald. Inside the CIA. Simon & Schuster, 1994, p. 198, ISBN 9780671734589
- ^ a b c d The love story turned CIA espionage that almost strained U.S.-Ghana relations in 1985
- ^ Stephen Engelberg (July 13, 1985). "Officials Think Spying Led To Death Of C.I.A. Informant In Ghana". New York Times. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- ^ Josh Tyrangiel, "What Can You Say About A Spy?", Time Magazine, July 25, 2005.
- ^ Crewdson, John (March 12, 2006). "The murder that sparked Identities Protection Act". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
- ^ "807 F2d 383 Washington Post Company v. Soussoudis". OpenJurist. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- ^ Asamoah, Obed Yao (October 20, 2014). The Political History of Ghana (1950-2013). ISBN 9781496985620. Retrieved June 1, 2015 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b "U.S. Swaps Spy for 8 Ghanaians Who Aided CIA". Los Angeles Times. November 26, 1985. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- ^ "Soussoudis CIA-Spies Scandal II | General News 2003-12-19". Ghanaweb.com. Retrieved June 1, 2015.