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Coordinates: 34°35′S 60°57′W / 34.583°S 60.950°W / -34.583; -60.950
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{{Short description|City in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina}}
{{refimprove|date=March 2012}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type = City
|settlement_type = [[List of cities in Argentina|City]]
|official_name = Junín
|official_name = Junín
|image_skyline = JUNIN Centro 004.jpg
|image_skyline = JUNIN Centro 004.jpg
|image_caption = Downtown Junín
|image_caption = Downtown Junín
|image_shield = Escudo de Junín.jpg
|image_shield =
|pushpin_map = Argentina Buenos Aires Province#Argentina
|pushpin_map = Argentina Buenos Aires Province#Argentina
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_map_caption =
Line 26: Line 27:
|area_code = +[[Telephone numbers in Argentina|54]] 236
|area_code = +[[Telephone numbers in Argentina|54]] 236
|website = [http://www.junin.gov.ar/ Official website]
|website = [http://www.junin.gov.ar/ Official website]
| blank_name_sec2 = Patron saint
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Saint Ignatius of Loyola]]
}}
}}
'''Junín''' ({{IPA-es|xuˈnin|IPA}}) is a city in the [[Buenos_Aires_Province|province of Buenos Aires]], Argentina, and administrative seat of the county (''[[Partidos of Buenos Aires|partido]]'') of [[Junín Partido|Junín]]. It has a population of 85,420 ({{census-ar|2010}}) and is located {{convert|260|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of the city of [[Buenos Aires]]. It is most famous as the hometown of former first lady of Argentina, [[Eva Peron]].
'''Junín''' ({{IPA|es|xuˈnin|IPA}}) is a city in the [[Buenos Aires Province|province of Buenos Aires]], Argentina, and administrative seat of the ''[[Partidos of Buenos Aires|partido]]'' of [[Junín Partido|Junín]]. It has a population of 85,420 ({{census-ar|2010}}) and is located {{convert|260|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} west of the city of [[Buenos Aires]]. It is mostly known for being the hometown of former first lady of Argentina [[Eva Perón]].


==History==
==History==
Inhabited by the native [[Charrúa]] people, the site's strategic location on the [[Salado River (Buenos Aires)|Salado River]] made it of interest to [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] Viceroy [[Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo]], who established an outpost there in the 1790s as part of a line of defense against raids by displaced natives. The location became known as ''El Potroso''.
Inhabited by the native [[Charrúa]] folks, the stead's strategic location on the [[Salado River (Buenos Aires)|Salado River]] made it of interest to [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] Viceroy [[Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo]], who established an outpost there in the 1790s as part of a line of defense against raids by displaced natives. The location became known as ''El Potroso''.


El Potroso was reinforced by a fort by way of an 1826 decree by President [[Bernardino Rivadavia]], and on December 27, 1827, the citadel was established under the command of a veteran of the [[Argentine War of Independence]], Bernardino Escribano, as ''Fuerte de la Federación''. The advent of [[Buenos Aires Province]] Governor [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]] led to Escribano's 1829 destitution as commander; though the intervention of an officer, Isidoro Suárez, averted a bloodbath. Suárez, a veteran of one of the last battles of the War for Independence (the [[Battle of Junín]], in [[Perú]]), inadvertently gave the failing settlement its new name by his actions: ''"Junín."''
El Potroso was restrengthened by a fort by way of an 1826 decree by President [[Bernardino Rivadavia]], and on December 27, 1827, the citadel was established under the command of a veteran of the [[Argentine War of Independence]], Bernardino Escribano, as ''Fuerte de la Federación''. The advent of [[Buenos Aires Province]] Governor [[Juan Manuel de Rosas]] led to Escribano's 1829 destitution as commander; though the intervention of an officer, Isidoro Suárez, forestalled a bloodbath. Suárez, a veteran of one of the last battles of the War for Independence (the [[Battle of Junín]], in [[Perú]]), inadvertently gave the failing settlement its new name by his deeds: ''"Junín."''


Political conflict and ongoing Indian raids had all but destroyed Junín by the 1830s, however, and this prompted Governor Rosas to send the remaining settlers provisions and to subsidize crop farming in the surrounding, fertile [[pampas]] fields. This was followed by a pact with [[Ranquel]] Chief Santiago Yanquelén, whereby his people would defend Junín against raids by other tribes. Towards the end of his rule, Rosas appointed José Seguí, among the few [[Afro Argentine]]s to achieve a commissioned officer's rank, to administer Junín, in 1851. Seguí was an efficient, though repressive commander, and in 1863, he was assassinated at his nearby ranch.
Political wrangling and ongoing Indian raids had all but torn Junín down by the 1830s, however, and this prompted Governor Rosas to send the remaining settlers provisions and to subsidize crop farming in the neighbouring, high-yielding [[pampas]] fields. This was followed by a pact with [[Ranquel]] Chief Santiago Yanquelén, whereby his folks would defend Junín against raids by other tribes. Towards the end of his rule, Rosas appointed José Seguí, among the few [[Afro Argentine]]s to achieve a commissioned officer's rank, to administer Junín, in 1851. Seguí was an efficient, though repressive commander, and in 1863, he was killed at his nearby ranch.


Rosas' 1852 overthrow resulted in the appointment of a [[justice of the peace]], who initially shared governing duties with the military commander. Junín's first general store (Basterreix) opened in 1860, and in 1861, Junín elected its first city council (despite being officially only a fort). The province designated the area as a county in 1864, and with nearly 2,000 inhabitants, Junín ceases to be categorized as a "fort," and its first municipal [[Comprehensive planning|master plan]] was laid out in 1865.
Rosas' 1852 overthrow resulted in the appointment of a [[justice of the peace]], who firstly shared governing duties with the military commander. Junín's first general store (Basterreix) opened in 1860, and in 1861, Junín elected its first city council (despite being officially only a fort). The province designated the area as a county in 1864, and with nearly 2,000 inhabitants, Junín stops to be categorized as a "fort," and its first municipal [[Comprehensive planning|master plan]] was laid out in 1865.
[[File:Palacio Municipal Junín 001.jpg|left|thumb|City Hall]]
[[File:Palacio Municipal Junín 001.jpg|left|thumb|City Hall]]
The 1880 arrival of the [[Central Argentine Railway]] and that of the [[Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway]] (B.A.& P.) in 1884 led to the town's rapid growth. The [[Banco de la Nación Argentina|National Bank of Argentina]] had opened a branch there in 1892 and by the 1895 census, Junín was home to over 12,000. The town largest employer by then was the B.A.& P.'s rail equipment factory, which employed over 1,600. The City Hall was completed in 1904 and Junín was declared a "city," in 1906.
The 1880 arrival of the [[Central Argentine Railway]] and that of the [[Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway]] (B.A.& P.) in 1884 led to the town's fast growth. The [[Banco de la Nación Argentina|National Bank of Argentina]] had opened a branch there in 1892 and by the 1895 census, Junín was home to over 12,000. The town's largest employer by then was the B.A.& P.'s rail-equipment factory, with over 1,600 workers. The City Hall was completed in 1904, and Junín was named a "city" in 1906.


Junín's steady development over the subsequent decades and setting amid lakes made it a well-known regional tourist destination. A hunting club was established in 1938, and a fishermen's pier and club on Lake El Carpicho, in 1942. The Aero Club Junín (1940) became well-known following the IX International Gliding Competition, in 1963, and the nearby Borchex Municipal Park and Lake Gómez both have become popular weekend destinations since the 1960s; Lake Gómez attracted around 350,000 visitors during the 2006-07 summer season. Nearby ''Estancia La Oriental'' has attracted growing [[rural tourism]] to the area, as well.
Junín's steady development over the following decades and setting amid lakes made it a well-known regional tourist destination. A hunting club was established in 1938, and a fishermen's pier and club on Lake El Carpincho, in 1942. The Aero Club Junín (1940) became well-known following the IX International Gliding Competition in 1963, and the nearby Borchex Municipal Park and Lake Gómez both have become popular weekend destinations since the 1960s; Lake Gómez attracted around 350,000 visitors during the 2006-07 summer season. Nearby ''Estancia La Oriental'' has attracted growing [[rural tourism]] to the area, as well.


The city is home to an important Municipal Historical Museum, probably best known for its [[paleontology]] hall and its [[wooly mammoth]] fossils, and the [[Ángel María de Rosa Municipal Museum of Art]] (1944). In a bid to further diversify the city's economy, an [[industrial park]] was authorized north of the city in 1995, and a [[racetrack]], the ''Autódromo Eusebio Marcilla'', was opened in 2003. The closure of much of Argentina's [[Rail transport in Argentina|passenger rail service]] during the 1990s was partly offset in Junín in part by the purchase of local rail facilities by [[América Latina Logística]], a [[São Paulo]]-based rail transport provider operating largely in Argentina, as well as by establishment of the Junín Railworks Cooperative.
The city is home to an important Municipal Historical Museum, maybe best known for its [[paleontology]] hall and its [[wooly mammoth]] fossils, and the [[Ángel María de Rosa Municipal Museum of Art]] (1944). In a bid to further diversify the city's economy, an [[industrial park]] was authorized north of the city in 1995, and a [[racetrack]], the ''Autódromo Eusebio Marcilla'', was opened in 2003. The closure of much of Argentina's [[Rail transport in Argentina|passenger-rail service]] during the 1990s was partly offset in Junín by the buying of local rail facilities by [[América Latina Logística]], a [[São Paulo]]-based rail transport provider operating largely in Argentina, as well as by establishment of the Junín Railworks Cooperative.


The city features numerous cinemas, as well as prominent stage theatres such as the [[w:es:Teatro de la Ranchería (Junín)|Teatro de la Ranchería]] (1971). The city's first institution of higher learning, the Junín Regional University (CURJ), was established in 1990; fused with its nearby, [[Pergamino]] counterpart, it became the [[National University of Northwestern Buenos Aires]] (UNNOBA), in 2002. The public Dr. Abraham Piñeyro Emergency Hospital, opened in 1930, serves as the city's principal health care establishment; a new wing was added to the facility in 1997.
The city features numerous cinemas, as well as prominent stage theatres such as the [[w:es:Teatro de la Ranchería (Junín)|Teatro de la Ranchería]] (1971). The city's first institution of higher learning, the Junín Regional University (CURJ), was established in 1990; fused with its nearby, [[Pergamino]] counterpart, it became the [[National University of Northwestern Buenos Aires]] (UNNOBA), in 2002. The public Dr. Abraham Piñeyro Emergency Hospital, opened in 1930, serves as the city's main health-care establishment; a new wing was added to the facility in 1997.
Famous people from Junín include:
Famous people from Junín include Argentine supermodel [[Yesica Toscanini]], [[Tour de France]] cyclist [[Juan Antonio Flecha]], [[Association football|football]] greats such as coach [[Osvaldo Zubeldía]], forward [[Atilio García]] and goalie [[Federico Vilar]], the "wild bull of the pampas," boxer [[Luis Ángel Firpo]] and [[Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane]], a militant [[Suffragette|suffragist]] and the second woman to receive a medical degree in [[Argentina]]; Junín was also where Eva Duarte was raised until an opportunity in [[Communications in Argentina#Radio|radio]] took her to Buenos Aires, in 1935. A decade later, she became the influential [[Eva Perón]] (Evita).


* Argentine supermodel [[Yesica Toscanini]] (1986- )
⚫
A fellow UCR figure, [[Moisés Lebensohn]], founded the city's leading newsdaily, ''[[w:es:Diario Democracia|Democracia]]'', in 1931.
* [[Tour de France]] cyclist [[Juan Antonio Flecha]] (1977- )
* [[Association football|football]] greats such as coach [[Osvaldo Zubeldía]] (1927-1982), forward [[Atilio García]] (1914-1973) and goalie [[Federico Vilar]] (1977- )
* the "wild bull of the pampas", boxer [[Luis Ángel Firpo]] (1894-1960)
* [[Elvira Rawson de Dellepiane]] (1867-1954), a militant [[Suffragette|suffragist]] and the second woman to receive a medical degree in [[Argentina]]
* Eva Duarte (1919-1952), raised in Junín, moved to Buenos Aires in 1935 to pursue opportunities in [[Communications in Argentina#Radio|radio]]. A decade later, she became the influential [[Eva Perón]] (Evita).
⚫
* A [[Radical Civic Union|UCR]] figure, {{ill|Moisés Lebensohn|es|Moisés Lebensohn}} (1907-1953), founded the city's leading news daily, ''[[w:es:Diario Democracia|Democracia]]'', in 1931.


The city's mayor, elected in 2015, is Pablo Petrecca of Cambienos-PRO.
The city's mayor, elected in 2015, is Pablo Petrecca of Cambienos-[[Republican Proposal|PRO]].


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
Line 72: Line 81:


==Climate==
==Climate==
Junín has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'').<ref name=Peel>{{cite journal | author=Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. | year=2007 | title= Updated world map of the Köppen&ndash;Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. | volume=11 | pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 | url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf | issn = 1027-5606}}</ref> Winters are characterized with moderate temperatures during the day and cold nights.<ref name = SMN>{{cite web |url= http://www3.smn.gob.ar/serviciosclimaticos/?mod=turismo&id=7&provincia=Buenos%20Aires&ciudad=Jun%EDn |language = Spanish |title= Datos Estadísticos (Período 1981-1990) |publisher= Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |accessdate= June 19, 2015}}</ref> In the coldest month, July, the average high is {{convert|15.1|C|F|1}} while the average low is {{convert|4.2|C|F|1}}.<ref name = NOAA /> Temperatures can occasionally fall below freezing during cold waves although during heat waves such as the [[August 2009 Argentine winter heat wave|2009 heat wave]], temperatures can reach up to {{convert|35|C|F|1}} when a record high of {{convert|35.3|C|F|1}} was recorded on August 29, 2009.<ref name = ORA>
Junín has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cfa'').<ref name=Peel>{{cite journal | author=Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. | year=2007 | title= Updated world map of the Köppen&ndash;Geiger climate classification | journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. | volume=11 | issue=5 | pages=1633–1644 |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 | bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P | url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf | issn = 1027-5606| doi-access=free }}</ref> Winters are characterized with moderate temperatures during the day and cold nights.<ref name = SMN>{{cite web |url= http://www3.smn.gob.ar/serviciosclimaticos/?mod=turismo&id=7&provincia=Buenos%20Aires&ciudad=Jun%EDn |language = es |title= Datos Estadísticos (Período 1981-1990) |publisher= Servicio Meteorológico Nacional |access-date= June 19, 2015}}</ref> In the coldest month, July, the average high is {{convert|15.1|C|F|1}} while the average low is {{convert|4.2|C|F|1}}.<ref name = NOAA /> Temperatures can sometimes fall below freezing during cold waves, although during heat waves such as the [[August 2009 Argentine winter heat wave|2009 heat wave]], temperatures can reach up to {{convert|35|C|F|1}} when a record high of {{convert|35.3|C|F|1}} was recorded on August 29, 2009.<ref name = ORA>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php
| url = http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php
Line 78: Line 87:
| work = Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales
| work = Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales
| publisher = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario
| publisher = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario
| language = Spanish
| language = es
| accessdate = June 19, 2015}}</ref> During this time of the year, overcast days are more common, averaging 9–11 days per month although sunny days are common as well with 7-11 clear days per month from June to September.<ref name = SMN /> Spring and fall are transition seasons featuring warm daytime temperatures and cool nighttime temperatures and are highly variable with some days reaching {{convert|37.6|C|F|1}} and below {{convert|-9.2|C|F|1}}.<ref name = SMN /> Summers are hot during the day while nights are mild.<ref name = SMN /> They tend to be sunnier than the other seasons, averaging 8–11 clear days with less overcast days (only 6 per month).<ref name=SMN/> In the hottest month, January, the average high is {{convert|30.2|C|F|1}} while the average low is {{convert|16.2|C|F|1}}.<ref name=NOAA/> The average relative humidity is 75%, with the summer months being drier than the winter months.<ref name = NOAA /> The average first date of frost is on May 20 while the last date of frost is on September 11.<ref name = ORA /> This can vary from year to year with frosts that can extend into November or occur as early as April.<ref name=ORA/> Junín is moderately windy throughout the entire year with wind speeds ranging from a low of {{convert|8.6|km/h}} in April to {{convert|14.4|km/h}} in September.<ref name = SMN /> On average, Junín receives {{convert|993.4|mm|in|0}} of precipitation per year with 85 days with measureable precipitation with summer months being more wetter than the winter months, where most of the precipitation falls in the form of thunderstorms.<ref name = NOAA /><ref name = SMN2>
| access-date = June 19, 2015}}</ref> During this time of the year, overcast days are more common, averaging 9–11 days a month, although sunny days are common as well with 7-11 clear days per month from June to September.<ref name = SMN /> Spring and fall are transition seasons featuring warm daytime temperatures and cool nighttime temperatures and are highly shifting with some days reaching {{convert|37.6|C|F|1}} and below {{convert|-9.2|C|F|1}}.<ref name = SMN /> Summers are hot in the day while nights are mild.<ref name = SMN /> They tend to be sunnier than the other seasons, averaging 8–11 clear days with less overcast days (only 6 per month).<ref name=SMN/> In the hottest month, January, the average high is {{convert|30.2|C|F|1}} while the average low is {{convert|16.2|C|F|1}}.<ref name=NOAA/> The average relative humidity is 75%, with the summer months being drier than the winter months.<ref name = NOAA /> The average first date of frost is on May 20 while the last date of frost is on September 11.<ref name = ORA /> This can vary from year to year with frosts that can extend into November or happen as early as April.<ref name=ORA/> Junín is moderately windy throughout the whole year with wind speeds ranging from a low of {{convert|8.6|km/h}} in April to {{convert|14.4|km/h}} in September.<ref name = SMN /> On average, Junín receives {{convert|993.4|mm|in|0}} of precipitation a year with 85 days with measureable precipitation with summer months being wetter than the winter months, where most of the precipitation falls in the form of thunderstorms.<ref name = NOAA /><ref name = SMN2>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = http://www.smn.gov.ar/serviciosclimaticos/?mod=turismo&id=5&var=buenosaires
| url = http://www.smn.gov.ar/serviciosclimaticos/?mod=turismo&id=5&var=buenosaires
| title = Valores Medios de Temperatura y Precipitación-Buenos Aires: Junín
| title = Valores Medios de Temperatura y Precipitación-Buenos Aires: Junín
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| language = Spanish
| language = es
| accessdate = 30 March 2015}}</ref> Junín receives approximately 2,569.3 hours of bright sunshine per year or 57% of possible sunshine per year, ranging from a low of 46% in June (only 138.0 hours of sunshine per month) to a high of 66% in both January and February.<ref name=NOAA/> The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|41.8|C|F|1}} on December 29, 1971 while the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-9.2|C|F|1}} on June 14, 1967.<ref name = SMNextremes />
| access-date = 30 March 2015}}</ref> Junín gets approximately 2,569.3 hours of bright sunshine a year or 57% of possible sunshine a year, ranging from a low of 46% in June (only 138.0 hours of sunshine per month) to a high of 66% in both January and February.<ref name=NOAA/> The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|41.8|C|F|1}} on December 29, 1971 while the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-9.2|C|F|1}} on June 14, 1967.<ref name = SMNextremes />


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
|location = Junín (1981–2010, extremes 1961–present)
|location = Junín, Buenos Aires (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present)
|single line = y
|single line = y
|metric first = y
|metric first = y
|Jan record high C = 40.6
|Jan record high C = 42.1
|Feb record high C = 39.7
|Feb record high C = 39.7
|Mar record high C = 37.6
|Mar record high C = 38.5
|Apr record high C = 34.5
|Apr record high C = 34.5
|May record high C = 31.8
|May record high C = 31.8
|Jun record high C = 27.3
|Jun record high C = 27.6
|Jul record high C = 30.8
|Jul record high C = 30.8
|Aug record high C = 35.3
|Aug record high C = 35.3
|Sep record high C = 37.0
|Sep record high C = 37.0
|Oct record high C = 37.3
|Oct record high C = 37.4
|Nov record high C = 38.5
|Nov record high C = 39.7
|Dec record high C = 41.8
|Dec record high C = 41.8
|year record high C = 41.8
|year record high C = 42.1
|Jan high C = 29.8
|Jan high C = 29.8
|Feb high C = 28.4
|Feb high C = 28.4
|Mar high C = 26.6
|Mar high C = 26.9
|Apr high C = 22.6
|Apr high C = 23.1
|May high C = 19.0
|May high C = 19.2
|Jun high C = 15.5
|Jun high C = 16.0
|Jul high C = 15.0
|Jul high C = 15.2
|Aug high C = 17.7
|Aug high C = 18.1
|Sep high C = 19.7
|Sep high C = 20.2
|Oct high C = 22.7
|Oct high C = 22.7
|Nov high C = 26.0
|Nov high C = 26.5
|Dec high C = 28.8
|Dec high C = 29.2
|year high C = 22.7
|year high C = 22.9
|Jan mean C = 23.0
|Jan mean C = 23.0
|Feb mean C = 21.7
|Feb mean C = 21.6
|Mar mean C = 19.7
|Mar mean C = 19.7
|Apr mean C = 15.8
|Apr mean C = 16.1
|May mean C = 12.4
|May mean C = 12.7
|Jun mean C = 9.3
|Jun mean C = 9.5
|Jul mean C = 8.6
|Jul mean C = 8.7
|Aug mean C = 10.7
|Aug mean C = 10.7
|Sep mean C = 12.9
|Sep mean C = 13.2
|Oct mean C = 16.3
|Oct mean C = 16.3
|Nov mean C = 19.4
|Nov mean C = 19.6
|Dec mean C = 22.0
|Dec mean C = 22.1
|year mean C = 16.0
|year mean C = 16.1
|Jan low C = 16.6
|Jan low C = 16.5
|Feb low C = 15.8
|Feb low C = 15.6
|Mar low C = 14.2
|Mar low C = 13.8
|Apr low C = 10.4
|Apr low C = 10.6
|May low C = 7.2
|May low C = 7.6
|Jun low C = 4.5
|Jun low C = 4.4
|Jul low C = 3.6
|Jul low C = 3.4
|Aug low C = 4.8
|Aug low C = 4.7
|Sep low C = 6.7
|Sep low C = 6.9
|Oct low C = 10.1
|Oct low C = 10.2
|Nov low C = 12.8
|Nov low C = 12.8
|Dec low C = 15.2
|Dec low C = 15.1
|year low C = 10.2
|year low C = 10.1
|Jan record low C = 6.0
|Jan record low C = 6.0
|Feb record low C = 5.0
|Feb record low C = 5.0
Line 151: Line 160:
|Jul record low C = -8.0
|Jul record low C = -8.0
|Aug record low C = -7.0
|Aug record low C = -7.0
|Sep record low C = -4.5
|Sep record low C = -5.4
|Oct record low C = -3.4
|Oct record low C = -3.4
|Nov record low C = 1.2
|Nov record low C = 1.2
Line 157: Line 166:
|year record low C = -9.2
|year record low C = -9.2
|precipitation colour = green
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 132.3
|Jan precipitation mm = 129.2
|Feb precipitation mm = 118.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 115.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 133.2
|Mar precipitation mm = 128.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 109.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 127.5
|May precipitation mm = 61.2
|May precipitation mm = 75.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 26.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 31.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 31.5
|Jul precipitation mm = 29.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 32.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 40.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 53.3
|Sep precipitation mm = 60.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 122.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 134.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 110.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 112.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 110.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 121.0
|year precipitation mm = 1042.1
|year precipitation mm = 1105.2
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.2
|Jan precipitation days = 8.1
|Feb precipitation days = 7.8
|Feb precipitation days = 7.8
|Mar precipitation days = 9.0
|Mar precipitation days = 8.2
|Apr precipitation days = 7.6
|Apr precipitation days = 8.1
|May precipitation days = 5.3
|May precipitation days = 5.8
|Jun precipitation days = 4.4
|Jun precipitation days = 4.2
|Jul precipitation days = 4.8
|Jul precipitation days = 4.3
|Aug precipitation days = 4.5
|Aug precipitation days = 4.0
|Sep precipitation days = 5.9
|Sep precipitation days = 6.0
|Oct precipitation days = 9.9
|Oct precipitation days = 10.2
|Nov precipitation days = 9.2
|Nov precipitation days = 8.4
|Dec precipitation days = 8.6
|Dec precipitation days = 8.7
|year precipitation days = 85.2
|year precipitation days = 83.7
|Jan snow days = 0.0
|Feb snow days = 0.0
|Mar snow days = 0.0
|Apr snow days = 0.0
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.1
|Aug snow days = 0.1
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.0
|Dec snow days = 0.0
|year snow days = 0.1
|Jan humidity = 69.6
|Jan humidity = 69.6
|Feb humidity = 74.4
|Feb humidity = 74.6
|Mar humidity = 77.2
|Mar humidity = 75.9
|Apr humidity = 77.8
|Apr humidity = 75.8
|May humidity = 78.5
|May humidity = 78.9
|Jun humidity = 79.3
|Jun humidity = 78.0
|Jul humidity = 77.1
|Jul humidity = 75.7
|Aug humidity = 72.3
|Aug humidity = 70.6
|Sep humidity = 70.1
|Sep humidity = 68.3
|Oct humidity = 71.1
|Oct humidity = 70.7
|Nov humidity = 67.8
|Nov humidity = 65.7
|Dec humidity = 65.9
|Dec humidity = 64.5
|year humidity = 73.4
|year humidity = 72.4
|Jan sun = 291.4
|Jan sun = 285.2
|Feb sun = 249.2
|Feb sun = 245.8
|Mar sun = 229.4
|Mar sun = 229.4
|Apr sun = 198.0
|Apr sun = 189.0
|May sun = 167.4
|May sun = 164.3
|Jun sun = 138.0
|Jun sun = 141.0
|Jul sun = 148.8
|Jul sun = 158.1
|Aug sun = 186.0
|Aug sun = 180.0
|Sep sun = 201.0
|Sep sun = 192.0
|Oct sun = 223.2
|Oct sun = 217.0
|Nov sun = 261.0
|Nov sun = 258.0
|Dec sun = 275.9
|Dec sun = 272.8
|year sun = 2569.3
|year sun =
|Jand sun = 9.2
|Febd sun = 8.7
|Mard sun = 7.4
|Aprd sun = 6.3
|Mayd sun = 5.3
|Jund sun = 4.7
|Juld sun = 5.1
|Augd sun = 6.0
|Sepd sun = 6.4
|Octd sun = 7.0
|Novd sun = 8.6
|Decd sun = 8.8
|yeard sun = 7.0
|Jan percentsun = 66
|Jan percentsun = 66
|Feb percentsun = 66
|Feb percentsun = 66
Line 223: Line 258:
|Dec percentsun = 61
|Dec percentsun = 61
|year percentsun = 57
|year percentsun = 57
|source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional<ref name = SMNclimatenormals>{{cite web
|source 1 = [[Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)|Servicio Meteorológico Nacional]]<ref name = SMNclimatenormals>{{cite web
| url = https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas.txt
| url = https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas_normales_9120.zip
| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1981-2010
| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020
| publisher = [[Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)|Servicio Meteorológico Nacional]]
| language = es
| access-date = 17 April 2023}}</ref><ref name=SMNestadisticas>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230708235600/http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/bitstream/handle/20.500.12160/2506/estad%C3%ADsticas_climatol%C3%B3gicas_normales_1991-2020.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
| archive-date = 8 July 2023
| url = http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/handle/20.500.12160/2506
| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| language = Spanish
| language = es
| access-date = 31 July 2023
| accessdate = January 21, 2018}}</ref><ref name=SMNextremes>
{{cite web
| year = 2023}}</ref><ref name = SMN1>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230509192820/http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/78367/Archivo_de_datos_climatol%C3%B3gicos.zip?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
| url = https://www2.smn.gob.ar/caracterizaci%C3%B3n-estad%C3%ADsticas-de-largo-plazo
| archive-date = 9 May 2023
| title = Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por Junín Aero
| url = http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/78367
| work = Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo
| title = Estadística climatológica de la República Argentina Período 1991-2000
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| language = Spanish
| language = es
| accessdate = 7 October 2017}}</ref>
| access-date = 23 May 2023}}</ref><ref name=SMNextremes>{{cite web
| url = https://www.smn.gob.ar/estadisticas
⚫
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (sun 1961–1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| title = Clima de argentina
| publisher = [[Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)|Servicio Meteorológico Nacional]]
| language = es
| access-date = 17 April 2023
}}</ref>
⚫
|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (percent sun 1961–1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-III/AG/87548.TXT
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-III/AG/87548.TXT
| title = Junin Aero Climate Normals 1961–1990
| title = Junin Aero Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = March 31, 2014}}</ref>
| access-date = March 31, 2014}}</ref>
|date=April 2012}}
|date=April 2012}}


Line 249: Line 298:
* [[Juan Antonio Flecha]], cyclist
* [[Juan Antonio Flecha]], cyclist
* [[Luis Angel Firpo]], boxer
* [[Luis Angel Firpo]], boxer
* [[Eva Perón]], Argentine First lady
* [[Eva Perón]], Argentine First Lady
* [[Gabriel Ponce de León]], racing driver


== References ==
== References ==
{{portal|Argentina}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Line 257: Line 308:
{{Commons category|Junín}}
{{Commons category|Junín}}
*{{ar-mi-muni|BUE063}}
*{{ar-mi-muni|BUE063}}
*[http://www.junin.gov.ar/ Municipal website] {{es icon}}
*[http://www.junin.gov.ar/ Municipal website] {{in lang|es}}
*[http://www.diariodemocracia.com/ DiarioDemocracia.com] – online newspaper and portal of the Junín area {{es icon}}
*[http://www.diariodemocracia.com/ ''Diario Democracia''] – online newspaper and portal of the Junín area {{in lang|es}}
*[http://www.laverdadonline.com/ DiarioLaVerdad.com] – another online newspaper {{es icon}}
*[http://www.laverdadonline.com/ ''Diario La Verdad''] – online newspaper {{in lang|es}}
{{Clear}}
{{Clear}}

{{Main cities of Buenos Aires Province}}
{{Provinces of Argentina}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Junin, Buenos Aires Province}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Junin, Buenos Aires Province}}

Latest revision as of 03:42, 15 August 2024

Junín
City
Downtown Junín
Downtown Junín
Junín is located in Buenos Aires Province
Junín
Junín
Junín is located in Argentina
Junín
Junín
Coordinates: 34°35′S 60°57′W / 34.583°S 60.950°W / -34.583; -60.950
Country Argentina
Province Buenos Aires
PartidoJunín
FoundedDecember 27, 1827
Elevation
81 m (266 ft)
Population
 (2010 census [INDEC])
 • Total85,420
 • Density3,434/km2 (8,890/sq mi)
CPA Base
B 6000
Area code+54 236
Patron saintSaint Ignatius of Loyola
WebsiteOfficial website

Junín (IPA: [xuˈnin]) is a city in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and administrative seat of the partido of Junín. It has a population of 85,420 (2010 census [INDEC]) and is located 260 km (162 mi) west of the city of Buenos Aires. It is mostly known for being the hometown of former first lady of Argentina Eva Perón.

History

[edit]

Inhabited by the native Charrúa folks, the stead's strategic location on the Salado River made it of interest to Spanish Viceroy Juan José de Vértiz y Salcedo, who established an outpost there in the 1790s as part of a line of defense against raids by displaced natives. The location became known as El Potroso.

El Potroso was restrengthened by a fort by way of an 1826 decree by President Bernardino Rivadavia, and on December 27, 1827, the citadel was established under the command of a veteran of the Argentine War of Independence, Bernardino Escribano, as Fuerte de la Federación. The advent of Buenos Aires Province Governor Juan Manuel de Rosas led to Escribano's 1829 destitution as commander; though the intervention of an officer, Isidoro Suárez, forestalled a bloodbath. Suárez, a veteran of one of the last battles of the War for Independence (the Battle of Junín, in Perú), inadvertently gave the failing settlement its new name by his deeds: "Junín."

Political wrangling and ongoing Indian raids had all but torn Junín down by the 1830s, however, and this prompted Governor Rosas to send the remaining settlers provisions and to subsidize crop farming in the neighbouring, high-yielding pampas fields. This was followed by a pact with Ranquel Chief Santiago Yanquelén, whereby his folks would defend Junín against raids by other tribes. Towards the end of his rule, Rosas appointed José Seguí, among the few Afro Argentines to achieve a commissioned officer's rank, to administer Junín, in 1851. Seguí was an efficient, though repressive commander, and in 1863, he was killed at his nearby ranch.

Rosas' 1852 overthrow resulted in the appointment of a justice of the peace, who firstly shared governing duties with the military commander. Junín's first general store (Basterreix) opened in 1860, and in 1861, Junín elected its first city council (despite being officially only a fort). The province designated the area as a county in 1864, and with nearly 2,000 inhabitants, Junín stops to be categorized as a "fort," and its first municipal master plan was laid out in 1865.

City Hall

The 1880 arrival of the Central Argentine Railway and that of the Buenos Aires and Pacific Railway (B.A.& P.) in 1884 led to the town's fast growth. The National Bank of Argentina had opened a branch there in 1892 and by the 1895 census, Junín was home to over 12,000. The town's largest employer by then was the B.A.& P.'s rail-equipment factory, with over 1,600 workers. The City Hall was completed in 1904, and Junín was named a "city" in 1906.

Junín's steady development over the following decades and setting amid lakes made it a well-known regional tourist destination. A hunting club was established in 1938, and a fishermen's pier and club on Lake El Carpincho, in 1942. The Aero Club Junín (1940) became well-known following the IX International Gliding Competition in 1963, and the nearby Borchex Municipal Park and Lake Gómez both have become popular weekend destinations since the 1960s; Lake Gómez attracted around 350,000 visitors during the 2006-07 summer season. Nearby Estancia La Oriental has attracted growing rural tourism to the area, as well.

The city is home to an important Municipal Historical Museum, maybe best known for its paleontology hall and its wooly mammoth fossils, and the Ángel María de Rosa Municipal Museum of Art (1944). In a bid to further diversify the city's economy, an industrial park was authorized north of the city in 1995, and a racetrack, the Autódromo Eusebio Marcilla, was opened in 2003. The closure of much of Argentina's passenger-rail service during the 1990s was partly offset in Junín by the buying of local rail facilities by América Latina Logística, a São Paulo-based rail transport provider operating largely in Argentina, as well as by establishment of the Junín Railworks Cooperative.

The city features numerous cinemas, as well as prominent stage theatres such as the Teatro de la Ranchería (1971). The city's first institution of higher learning, the Junín Regional University (CURJ), was established in 1990; fused with its nearby, Pergamino counterpart, it became the National University of Northwestern Buenos Aires (UNNOBA), in 2002. The public Dr. Abraham Piñeyro Emergency Hospital, opened in 1930, serves as the city's main health-care establishment; a new wing was added to the facility in 1997.

Famous people from Junín include:

The city's mayor, elected in 2015, is Pablo Petrecca of Cambienos-PRO.

[edit]
  • View of Junín and the Río Salado
    View of Junín and the Río Salado
  • Local branch of the National Bank of Argentina
    Local branch of the National Bank of Argentina
  • 25 May Square
    25 May Square
  • Estancia La Oriental
    Estancia La Oriental
  • Church of St. Ignatius of Loyola
    Church of St. Ignatius of Loyola
  • Church of the Sacred Heart
    Church of the Sacred Heart
  • San Martín Avenue
    San Martín Avenue
  • The Ángel María de Rosa Museum of Art
    The Ángel María de Rosa Museum of Art
  • Gyula Kosice's Millenium Fountain
    Gyula Kosice's Millenium Fountain
  • Sáenz Peña Avenue
    Sáenz Peña Avenue
  • Abraham Piñeyro Hospital
    Abraham Piñeyro Hospital
  • Junín Railway Station
    Junín Railway Station
  • Fishermen's Pier on Lake El Carpincho
    Fishermen's Pier on Lake El Carpincho
  • Mayor Borchex Municipal Park
    Mayor Borchex Municipal Park
  • Pier on Lake Gómez
    Pier on Lake Gómez

Climate

[edit]

Junín has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa).[1] Winters are characterized with moderate temperatures during the day and cold nights.[2] In the coldest month, July, the average high is 15.1 °C (59.2 °F) while the average low is 4.2 °C (39.6 °F).[3] Temperatures can sometimes fall below freezing during cold waves, although during heat waves such as the 2009 heat wave, temperatures can reach up to 35 °C (95.0 °F) when a record high of 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) was recorded on August 29, 2009.[4] During this time of the year, overcast days are more common, averaging 9–11 days a month, although sunny days are common as well with 7-11 clear days per month from June to September.[2] Spring and fall are transition seasons featuring warm daytime temperatures and cool nighttime temperatures and are highly shifting with some days reaching 37.6 °C (99.7 °F) and below −9.2 °C (15.4 °F).[2] Summers are hot in the day while nights are mild.[2] They tend to be sunnier than the other seasons, averaging 8–11 clear days with less overcast days (only 6 per month).[2] In the hottest month, January, the average high is 30.2 °C (86.4 °F) while the average low is 16.2 °C (61.2 °F).[3] The average relative humidity is 75%, with the summer months being drier than the winter months.[3] The average first date of frost is on May 20 while the last date of frost is on September 11.[4] This can vary from year to year with frosts that can extend into November or happen as early as April.[4] Junín is moderately windy throughout the whole year with wind speeds ranging from a low of 8.6 kilometres per hour (5.3 mph) in April to 14.4 kilometres per hour (8.9 mph) in September.[2] On average, Junín receives 993.4 millimetres (39 in) of precipitation a year with 85 days with measureable precipitation with summer months being wetter than the winter months, where most of the precipitation falls in the form of thunderstorms.[3][5] Junín gets approximately 2,569.3 hours of bright sunshine a year or 57% of possible sunshine a year, ranging from a low of 46% in June (only 138.0 hours of sunshine per month) to a high of 66% in both January and February.[3] The highest recorded temperature was 41.8 °C (107.2 °F) on December 29, 1971 while the lowest recorded temperature was −9.2 °C (15.4 °F) on June 14, 1967.[6]

Climate data for Junín, Buenos Aires (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 42.1
(107.8) 		39.7
(103.5) 		38.5
(101.3) 		34.5
(94.1) 		31.8
(89.2) 		27.6
(81.7) 		30.8
(87.4) 		35.3
(95.5) 		37.0
(98.6) 		37.4
(99.3) 		39.7
(103.5) 		41.8
(107.2) 		42.1
(107.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 29.8
(85.6) 		28.4
(83.1) 		26.9
(80.4) 		23.1
(73.6) 		19.2
(66.6) 		16.0
(60.8) 		15.2
(59.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.2
(68.4) 		22.7
(72.9) 		26.5
(79.7) 		29.2
(84.6) 		22.9
(73.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4) 		21.6
(70.9) 		19.7
(67.5) 		16.1
(61.0) 		12.7
(54.9) 		9.5
(49.1) 		8.7
(47.7) 		10.7
(51.3) 		13.2
(55.8) 		16.3
(61.3) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.1
(71.8) 		16.1
(61.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16.5
(61.7) 		15.6
(60.1) 		13.8
(56.8) 		10.6
(51.1) 		7.6
(45.7) 		4.4
(39.9) 		3.4
(38.1) 		4.7
(40.5) 		6.9
(44.4) 		10.2
(50.4) 		12.8
(55.0) 		15.1
(59.2) 		10.1
(50.2)
Record low °C (°F) 6.0
(42.8) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		−7.5
(18.5) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−3.4
(25.9) 		1.2
(34.2) 		2.2
(36.0) 		−9.2
(15.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 129.2
(5.09) 		115.0
(4.53) 		128.3
(5.05) 		127.5
(5.02) 		75.7
(2.98) 		31.4
(1.24) 		29.7
(1.17) 		40.8
(1.61) 		60.3
(2.37) 		134.2
(5.28) 		112.1
(4.41) 		121.0
(4.76) 		1,105.2
(43.51)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 8.1 7.8 8.2 8.1 5.8 4.2 4.3 4.0 6.0 10.2 8.4 8.7 83.7
Average snowy days 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
Average relative humidity (%) 69.6 74.6 75.9 75.8 78.9 78.0 75.7 70.6 68.3 70.7 65.7 64.5 72.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 285.2 245.8 229.4 189.0 164.3 141.0 158.1 180.0 192.0 217.0 258.0 272.8 2,532.6
Mean daily sunshine hours 9.2 8.7 7.4 6.3 5.3 4.7 5.1 6.0 6.4 7.0 8.6 8.8 7.0
Percent possible sunshine 66 66 60 59 53 46 48 55 57 56 62 61 57
Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[7][8][9][6]
Source 2: NOAA (percent sun 1961–1990)[3]

Transportation

[edit]

The city is served by Junín Airport, which has no commercial air service but has had so in the past.

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b c d e f "Datos Estadísticos (Período 1981-1990)" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Junin Aero Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c "Junín, Buenos Aires". Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales (in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario. Retrieved June 19, 2015.
  5. ^ "Valores Medios de Temperatura y Precipitación-Buenos Aires: Junín" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved 30 March 2015.
  6. ^ a b "Clima de argentina" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  7. ^ "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales - período 1991-2020" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  8. ^ "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 2023. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  9. ^ "Estadística climatológica de la República Argentina Período 1991-2000" (in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Junín.
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