2000 Jarafa mosque massacre: Difference between revisions

2000 Jarafa mosque shooting
2000 Jarafa mosque shooting
	Omdurman Omdurman (Sudan)
Location	Jarafa, Sudan
Date	December 8, 2000 ; 9:00 p.m.
Attack type	Mass murder, massacre
Weapons	Zastava M70AB2 assault rifle[better source needed]
Deaths	23 (including the perpetrator)
Injured	31
Perpetrator	Abbas al-Baqir Abbas

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Revision as of 21:29, 14 August 2024

The 2000 Jarafa mosque massacre was an attack on members of Ansar al-Sunna praying at a mosque in Jarafa, a village in the outskirts of Omdurman, Sudan on December 8, 2000. A lone gunman, Abbas al-Baqir Abbas ( عباس الباقر عباس ), a member of Takfir wal-Hijra, opened fire with a Kalashnikov assault rifle during evening prayers, killing at least 22 people and injuring more than 30 others, before he was shot dead by police.^[2]

Shooting

During evening prayers, at about 9:00 p.m., 33-year-old Abbas al-Baqir Abbas, using a Kalashnikov assault rifle, began shooting through a window at the people in the al-Sunna al-Mohammediyya Mosque in Jarafa, instantly killing 20 worshipers. According to witnesses, he avoided the women's section of the mosque and reassured a fleeing woman that he would only shoot males. When he refused to surrender to responding police units, Abbas was killed after a brief shootout with officers. Thirty-three were wounded in the attack, among them a police officer. At least two of the injured later died of their wounds.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

Although Abbas acted alone, according to police, witnesses stated that shots were fired from three directions and that there had been at least three attackers dressed in jellabiyas, all but one fleeing before police arrived.^[8]^[9] There were also reports that not only worshipers at the mosque were attacked, but that the gunman had rampaged through the village, killing at least two boys.^[4] Various higher death tolls were reported, ranging from 23^[4] and 24^[10] to 27 people killed and 49 wounded.^[11]

Background

Takfir wal-Hijra

Takfir wal-Hijra is a Muslim extremist group, originating in Egypt, that had a history of differences with the pacifist Ansar al-Sunna. While the former believes the Sharia should be implemented by force, the latter does not. This conflict has resulted in similar incidents previously. On February 4, 1994, three assailants, Mohammed Abdullah al-Khilaifi, a Libyan Islamist, along with two Sudanese, attacked a mosque of Ansar al-Sunna in Al Thawra with assault rifles, killing 19 people and injuring 15. al-Khilaifi was later sentenced to death and executed on September 19, 1994.^[3]^[12]^[13]^[14]

On January 1, 1996, eight assailants and a police officer were killed in a fight between members of the group and police in Kambo Ashara when the former tried to force villagers to convert.^[15]^[16]^[17] An attack on the same mosque in Jarafa in 1996 left 12 people dead.^[18] On November 1, 1997, two members of Takfir wal-Hijra attacked people leaving a mosque in Arkawit with knives, killing two and wounding a further ten.^[19]^[20]^[21]

Abbas al-Baqir Abbas

Abbas al-Baqir Abbas (1967-December 8, 2000) was from Al-Dasis in the northern part of Al Jazirah. It was reported that his mother had left their home due to his religious fanaticism and that he beat his sister, accusing her of infidelity. He studied economics at Tripoli University, but was forced to leave Libya because of leading Islamist groups and thus threatening security. He was a former member of the Popular Defense Forces, fighting rebels in the southern part of Sudan.^[4]^[6]^[22]^[23]

Initially being a member of Ansar al-Sunna, Abbas left due to religious differences and joined Takfir wal-Hijra. It was said that he had repeatedly threatened members of Ansar al-Sunna with an attack similar to the one in 1994. Because of these threats, he was arrested in 1998 for four months, and again a few months prior to the shooting, along with 20 other people suspected of being members of Takfir wal-Hijra. However, he repented and claimed to have abandoned the group and its ideas, and as a result, he was released.^[5]^[24]^[25]

Aftermath

The following day, President Omar al-Bashir visited the mosque, paying his condolences to relatives of the victims and assured that a legislation would be passed to control fanatical religious groups,^[5] vowing "to rectify laws in order to protect society from destructive and harmful ideas.".^[6] In the wake of the massacre, police and security forces were deployed in Khartoum State in a large scale inspection campaign to prevent further violence, leading to the arresting of 65 leading members of Takfir wal-Hijra^[26]^[27] and security laws were tightened, allowing law enforcement to detain suspects for up to six months.^[28] The amendments were criticized by opposition parties for curtailing liberties and they accused President Bashir of abusing the incident to increase his power.^[29]

References

^ "The Kalashnikov assault rifle used to kill 22 worshipers and wound 31 others in the 2000 Jarafa mosque massacre". October 4, 2019.
^ Gunman kills 20 in Sudan mosque, BBC (December 9, 2000)
^ ^a ^b Attack on a Mosque in Sudan By Fundamentalist Kills 20, The New York Times (December 10, 2000)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Twenty-three killed in Sudan mosque massacre Archived 2008-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, AFP (December 11, 2000)
^ ^a ^b ^c Sudan Mosque Gunman Said to Bear Grudge, Los Angeles Times (December 10, 2000)
^ ^a ^b ^c Sudanese police: mosque gunman had grudge against worshippers' sect, CNN (December 9, 2000)
^ Gunman held grudge against Islamic sect^{[permanent dead link]}, Deseret News (December 10, 2000)
^ Twenty Worshippers Killed In Gun Attack On Mosque In Sudan Archived 2004-12-11 at the Wayback Machine, IslamOnline (December 9, 2000)
^ Sudan Says Religious Rivalry Behind Massacre Archived 2017-12-13 at the Wayback Machine (December 9, 2000)
^ UNHCR-report (p. 12)
^ Ansar al-Sunnah leader discusses recent attack on mosque, Asharq Al-Awsat (December 19, 2000)
^ "At Least 20 Killed in Attack on Sudan Mosque". Archived from the original on 2011-05-30. Retrieved 2009-01-07.
^ Sudanese security forces kill 2 West Africans linked to raid, The Seattle Times (February 6, 1994)
^ Rone, Jemera & Owsley, Brian: Behind the Red Line (pp. 102)
^ Gunman Kills 20 in Mosque Near Sudan’s Capital, Los Angeles Times (December 9, 2000)
^ Gunman kills 20 at Sudan mosque^{[permanent dead link]}, Deseret News (December 9, 2000)
^ Clash in Sudan, The Cincinnati Post (January 2, 1996)
^ Mosque massacre victims buried, BBC (December 9, 2000)
^ Sudan Mosque Attack, BBC News (November 3, 1997)
^ Muslim radicals attack mosque in Wad Madani; two dead, 10 injured, AFP (November 3, 1997)
^ "Extremist" Muslim sect members attack worshippers, kill two, Suna news agency (November 4, 1997)
^ Sudan Gunman Kills 20, CBS News (December 8, 2000)
^ Gunman kills 20 in Sudan, The Tribune (December 9, 2000)
^ Sudan gunman staged attack alone: investigators, CBC News (December 9, 2000)
^ Massacred Sudanese Muslims buried in mass funeral Archived 2017-12-13 at the Wayback Machine, AFP (December 9, 2000)
^ Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque, The Post (December 15, 2000) Archived May 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
^ Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque, Independent Online (December 15, 2000) Archived August 4, 2012, at archive.today
^ Sudanese security barriers in Khartoum; amends security laws Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine, Arabicnews.com (December 12, 2000)
^ Sudan: Opposition leader Mahdi calls for gun control in wake of mosque shooting (December 17, 2000)

External links

Gunman kills twenty in mosque massacre, The Daily Telegraph (December 9, 2000)
Gunman kills 20 at mosque near Sudanese capital, The Independent (December 9, 2000)
Mosque shooting incident leaves 20 dead
Sudan: Gunman opens fire in mosque, Associated Press (December 9, 2000) (Video)
Sudan: Gunman opens fire in mosque, Associated Press (December 9, 2000) (Video)

[1] "The Kalashnikov assault rifle used to kill 22 worshipers and wound 31 others in the 2000 Jarafa mosque massacre". October 4, 2019.

[2] Gunman kills 20 in Sudan mosque, BBC (December 9, 2000)

[NYT-3] Attack on a Mosque in Sudan By Fundamentalist Kills 20, The New York Times (December 10, 2000)

[toll-4] Twenty-three killed in Sudan mosque massacre Archived 2008-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, AFP (December 11, 2000)

[LAT-5] Sudan Mosque Gunman Said to Bear Grudge, Los Angeles Times (December 10, 2000)

[CNN-6] Sudanese police: mosque gunman had grudge against worshippers' sect, CNN (December 9, 2000)

[7] Gunman held grudge against Islamic sect^{[permanent dead link]}, Deseret News (December 10, 2000)

[8] Twenty Worshippers Killed In Gun Attack On Mosque In Sudan Archived 2004-12-11 at the Wayback Machine, IslamOnline (December 9, 2000)

[9] Sudan Says Religious Rivalry Behind Massacre Archived 2017-12-13 at the Wayback Machine (December 9, 2000)

[10] UNHCR-report (p. 12)

[11] Ansar al-Sunnah leader discusses recent attack on mosque, Asharq Al-Awsat (December 19, 2000)

[12] "At Least 20 Killed in Attack on Sudan Mosque". Archived from the original on 2011-05-30. Retrieved 2009-01-07.

[13] Sudanese security forces kill 2 West Africans linked to raid, The Seattle Times (February 6, 1994)

[14] Rone, Jemera & Owsley, Brian: Behind the Red Line (pp. 102)

[15] Gunman Kills 20 in Mosque Near Sudan’s Capital, Los Angeles Times (December 9, 2000)

[16] Gunman kills 20 at Sudan mosque^{[permanent dead link]}, Deseret News (December 9, 2000)

[17] Clash in Sudan, The Cincinnati Post (January 2, 1996)

[18] Mosque massacre victims buried, BBC (December 9, 2000)

[19] Sudan Mosque Attack, BBC News (November 3, 1997)

[20] Muslim radicals attack mosque in Wad Madani; two dead, 10 injured, AFP (November 3, 1997)

[21] "Extremist" Muslim sect members attack worshippers, kill two, Suna news agency (November 4, 1997)

[22] Sudan Gunman Kills 20, CBS News (December 8, 2000)

[23] Gunman kills 20 in Sudan, The Tribune (December 9, 2000)

[24] Sudan gunman staged attack alone: investigators, CBC News (December 9, 2000)

[25] Massacred Sudanese Muslims buried in mass funeral Archived 2017-12-13 at the Wayback Machine, AFP (December 9, 2000)

[26] Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque, The Post (December 15, 2000) Archived May 8, 2020, at the Wayback Machine

[27] Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque, Independent Online (December 15, 2000) Archived August 4, 2012, at archive.today

[28] Sudanese security barriers in Khartoum; amends security laws Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine, Arabicnews.com (December 12, 2000)

[29] Sudan: Opposition leader Mahdi calls for gun control in wake of mosque shooting (December 17, 2000)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 | title            = 2000 Jarafa mosque shooting
 | image            =
+{{Location map |Sudan
+| width   = 250
+| lat_deg = 15.6476
+| lon_deg = 32.4807
+| label   = Omdurman
+}}
 | caption          =
 | location         = [[Omdurman|Jarafa]], [[Sudan]]
@@ Line 13: / Line 19: @@
 | injuries         = 31
 | perp             = Abbas al-Baqir Abbas
-| weapons          = [[Zastava M70|Zastava M70AB2]] [[assault rifle]]<ref>[https://www.reddit.com/r/masskillers/comments/dd180e/the_kalashnikov_assault_rifle_used_to_kill_22/ The Kalashnikov assault rifle used to kill 22 worshipers and wound 31 others in the 2000 Jarafa mosque massacre]</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2022}}
+| weapons          = [[Zastava M70|Zastava M70AB2]] [[assault rifle]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.reddit.com/r/masskillers/comments/dd180e/the_kalashnikov_assault_rifle_used_to_kill_22/|title=The Kalashnikov assault rifle used to kill 22 worshipers and wound 31 others in the 2000 Jarafa mosque massacre|date=October 4, 2019}}</ref>{{better source needed|date=March 2022}}
 }}
@@ Line 19: / Line 25: @@
 ==Shooting==
-During evening prayers, at about 9:00&nbsp;p.m., 33-year-old Abbas al-Baqir Abbas, using a Kalashnikov assault rifle, began shooting through a window at the people in the al-Sunna al-Mohammediyya Mosque in Jarafa, instantly killing 20 worshipers. According to witnesses, he avoided the women's section of the mosque and reassured a fleeing woman that he would only shoot males. When he refused to surrender to responding police units, Abbas was killed after a brief shootout with officers. Thirty-three were wounded in the attack, among them a police officer. At least two of the injured later died of their wounds.<ref name=NYT>[https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/10/world/attack-on-a-mosque-in-sudan-by-fundamentalist-kills-20-616125.html?fta=y Attack on a Mosque in Sudan By Fundamentalist Kills 20], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 10, 2000)</ref><ref name=toll>[http://southsudanfriends.org/News/MosqueMassacre.html Twenty-three killed in Sudan mosque massacre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611161257/http://southsudanfriends.org/News/MosqueMassacre.html |date=2008-06-11 }}, ''[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]'' (December 11, 2000)</ref><ref name=LAT>[http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/10/news/mn-63771 Sudan Mosque Gunman Said to Bear Grudge], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 10, 2000)</ref><ref name=CNN>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070622014514/http://cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/12/09/sudan.shooting.ap/index.html Sudanese police: mosque gunman had grudge against worshippers' sect], ''[[CNN]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref><ref>[http://archive.deseretnews.com/archive/797789/Gunman-held-grudge-against-Islamic-sect.html Gunman held grudge against Islamic sect]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[Deseret News]]'' (December 10, 2000)</ref>
+During evening prayers, at about 9:00&nbsp;p.m., 33-year-old Abbas al-Baqir Abbas, using a Kalashnikov assault rifle, began shooting through a window at the people in the al-Sunna al-Mohammediyya Mosque in Jarafa, instantly killing 20 worshipers. According to witnesses, he avoided the women's section of the mosque and reassured a fleeing woman that he would only shoot males. When he refused to surrender to responding police units, Abbas was killed after a brief shootout with officers. Thirty-three were wounded in the attack, among them a police officer. At least two of the injured later died of their wounds.<ref name=NYT>[https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/10/world/attack-on-a-mosque-in-sudan-by-fundamentalist-kills-20-616125.html?fta=y Attack on a Mosque in Sudan By Fundamentalist Kills 20], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 10, 2000)</ref><ref name=toll>[http://southsudanfriends.org/News/MosqueMassacre.html Twenty-three killed in Sudan mosque massacre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611161257/http://southsudanfriends.org/News/MosqueMassacre.html |date=2008-06-11 }}, ''[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]'' (December 11, 2000)</ref><ref name=LAT>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-dec-10-mn-63771-story.html Sudan Mosque Gunman Said to Bear Grudge], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 10, 2000)</ref><ref name=CNN>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070622014514/http://cnn.com/2000/WORLD/africa/12/09/sudan.shooting.ap/index.html Sudanese police: mosque gunman had grudge against worshippers' sect], ''[[CNN]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref><ref>[http://archive.deseretnews.com/archive/797789/Gunman-held-grudge-against-Islamic-sect.html Gunman held grudge against Islamic sect]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[Deseret News]]'' (December 10, 2000)</ref>
 Although Abbas acted alone, according to police, witnesses stated that shots were fired from three directions and that there had been at least three attackers dressed in [[jellabiya]]s, all but one fleeing before police arrived.<ref>[http://www.islamonline.net/english/News/2000-12/09/article5.shtml Twenty Worshippers Killed In Gun Attack On Mosque In Sudan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041211102253/http://www.islamonline.net/english/news/2000-12/09/article5.shtml |date=2004-12-11 }}, ''[[IslamOnline]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref><ref>[http://www.vigilsd.org/aderm.htm#Sudan%20Says%20Religious%20Rivalry%20Behind%20Massacre Sudan Says Religious Rivalry Behind Massacre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213202424/http://www.vigilsd.org/aderm.htm#Sudan%20Says%20Religious%20Rivalry%20Behind%20Massacre |date=2017-12-13 }} (December 9, 2000)</ref> There were also reports that not only worshipers at the mosque were attacked, but that the gunman had rampaged through the village, killing at least two boys.<ref name=toll/> Various higher death tolls were reported, ranging from 23<ref name=toll/> and 24<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/46d5715a0.pdf UNHCR-report] (p. 12)</ref> to 27 people killed and 49 wounded.<ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F97E099D3A3C479&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Ansar al-Sunnah leader discusses recent attack on mosque], ''[[Asharq Al-Awsat]]'' (December 19, 2000)</ref>
@@ Line 26: / Line 32: @@
 ===Takfir wal-Hijra===
-[[Takfir wal-Hijra]] is a Muslim extremist group, originating in [[Egypt]], that had a history of differences with the pacifist Ansar al-Sunna. While the former believes the [[Sharia]] should be implemented by force, the latter does not. This conflict has resulted in similar incidents previously. On February 4, 1994, three assailants, Mohammed Abdullah al-Khilaifi, a Libyan [[Islamist]], along with two Sudanese, attacked a mosque of Ansar al-Sunna in Al Thawra with assault rifles, killing 19 people and injuring 15. al-Khilaifi was later sentenced to death and executed on September 19, 1994.<ref name=NYT/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://212.150.54.123/spotlight/det.cfm?id=534 |title=At Least 20 Killed in Attack on Sudan Mosque |access-date=2009-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530004702/http://212.150.54.123/spotlight/det.cfm?id=534 |archive-date=2011-05-30 |url-status = dead|df= }}</ref><ref>[http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19940206&slug=1893643 Sudanese security forces kill 2 West Africans linked to raid], ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (February 6, 1994)</ref><ref>Rone, Jemera & Owsley, Brian: [https://books.google.com/books?id=X9db6P7xdP8C&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=Thawra.+The+leader+of+this+Ansar+al+Sunna+congregation,+Sheikh+Abu+Zeid&source=bl&ots=t8X2Fo9j53&sig=thRvpxUL0PZt_yRt9BvLAkIKfwU&hl=de&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA102,M1 Behind the Red Line] (pp. 102)</ref>
+[[Takfir wal-Hijra]] is a Muslim extremist group, originating in [[Egypt]], that had a history of differences with the pacifist Ansar al-Sunna. While the former believes the [[Sharia]] should be implemented by force, the latter does not. This conflict has resulted in similar incidents previously. On February 4, 1994, three assailants, Mohammed Abdullah al-Khilaifi, a Libyan [[Islamist]], along with two Sudanese, attacked a mosque of Ansar al-Sunna in Al Thawra with assault rifles, killing 19 people and injuring 15. al-Khilaifi was later sentenced to death and executed on September 19, 1994.<ref name=NYT/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://212.150.54.123/spotlight/det.cfm?id=534 |title=At Least 20 Killed in Attack on Sudan Mosque |access-date=2009-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530004702/http://212.150.54.123/spotlight/det.cfm?id=534 |archive-date=2011-05-30 |url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>[http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19940206&slug=1893643 Sudanese security forces kill 2 West Africans linked to raid], ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (February 6, 1994)</ref><ref>Rone, Jemera & Owsley, Brian: [https://books.google.com/books?id=X9db6P7xdP8C&dq=Thawra.+The+leader+of+this+Ansar+al+Sunna+congregation,+Sheikh+Abu+Zeid&pg=PA102 Behind the Red Line] (pp. 102)</ref>
-On January 1, 1996, eight assailants and a police officer were killed in a fight between members of the group and police in Kambo Ashara when the former tried to force villagers to convert.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/09/news/mn-63340 Gunman Kills 20 in Mosque Near Sudan’s Capital], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref><ref>[http://archive.deseretnews.com/archive/797628/Gunman-kills-20-at-Sudan-mosque.html Gunman kills 20 at Sudan mosque]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[Deseret News]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022220959/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-68653276.html Clash in Sudan], ''[[The Cincinnati Post]]'' (January 2, 1996)</ref> An attack on the same mosque in Jarafa in 1996 left 12 people dead.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1062873.stm Mosque massacre victims buried], ''[[BBC]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref> On November 1, 1997, two members of Takfir wal-Hijra attacked people leaving a mosque in [[Wad Madani|Arkawit]] with knives, killing two and wounding a further ten.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/21050.stm Sudan Mosque Attack], ''[[BBC News]]'' (November 3, 1997)</ref><ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F65CA7BC18D4&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Muslim radicals attack mosque in Wad Madani; two dead, 10 injured], ''[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]'' (November 3, 1997)</ref><ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F65E26D2D5BB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Extremist" Muslim sect members attack worshippers, kill two], ''[[Suna news agency]]'' (November 4, 1997)</ref>
+On January 1, 1996, eight assailants and a police officer were killed in a fight between members of the group and police in Kambo Ashara when the former tried to force villagers to convert.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-dec-09-mn-63340-story.html Gunman Kills 20 in Mosque Near Sudan’s Capital], ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref><ref>[http://archive.deseretnews.com/archive/797628/Gunman-kills-20-at-Sudan-mosque.html Gunman kills 20 at Sudan mosque]{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ''[[Deseret News]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121022220959/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-68653276.html Clash in Sudan], ''[[The Cincinnati Post]]'' (January 2, 1996)</ref> An attack on the same mosque in Jarafa in 1996 left 12 people dead.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1062873.stm Mosque massacre victims buried], ''[[BBC]]'' (December 9, 2000)</ref> On November 1, 1997, two members of Takfir wal-Hijra attacked people leaving a mosque in [[Wad Madani|Arkawit]] with knives, killing two and wounding a further ten.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/21050.stm Sudan Mosque Attack], ''[[BBC News]]'' (November 3, 1997)</ref><ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F65CA7BC18D4&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Muslim radicals attack mosque in Wad Madani; two dead, 10 injured], ''[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]'' (November 3, 1997)</ref><ref>[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=BBAB&d_place=BBAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F99F65E26D2D5BB&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM "Extremist" Muslim sect members attack worshippers, kill two], ''[[Suna news agency]]'' (November 4, 1997)</ref>
 ===Abbas al-Baqir Abbas===
@@ Line 37: / Line 43: @@
 ==Aftermath==
-The following day, President [[Omar al-Bashir]] visited the mosque, paying his condolences to relatives of the victims and assured that a legislation would be passed to control fanatical religious groups,<ref name=LAT/> vowing "to rectify laws in order to protect society from destructive and harmful ideas.".<ref name=CNN/> In the wake of the massacre, police and security forces were deployed in [[Khartoum State]] in a large scale inspection campaign to prevent further violence, leading to the arresting of 65 leading members of [[Takfir wal-Hijra]]<ref>[http://www.thepost.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=&fArticleId=qw976876740781B235 Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque], ''The Post'' (December 15, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508142227/http://www.thepost.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=&fArticleId=qw976876740781B235 |date=May 8, 2020 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?sf=3045&set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=qw976876740781B235 Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque], ''[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]'' (December 15, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120804084839/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?sf=3045&set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=qw976876740781B235 |date=August 4, 2012 }}</ref> and security laws were tightened, allowing law enforcement to detain suspects for up to six months.<ref>[http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/001212/2000121203.html Sudanese security barriers in Khartoum; amends security laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214180953/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/001212/2000121203.html |date=2012-02-14 }}, ''[[Arabicnews.com]]'' (December 12, 2000)</ref> The amendments were criticized by opposition parties for curtailing liberties and they accused President Bashir of abusing the incident to increase his power.<ref>[http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/BBAB/lib00590,0F97E08183C1175B.html Sudan: Opposition leader Mahdi calls for gun control in wake of mosque shooting] (December 17, 2000)</ref>
+The following day, President [[Omar al-Bashir]] visited the mosque, paying his condolences to relatives of the victims and assured that a legislation would be passed to control fanatical religious groups,<ref name=LAT/> vowing "to rectify laws in order to protect society from destructive and harmful ideas.".<ref name=CNN/> In the wake of the massacre, police and security forces were deployed in [[Khartoum State]] in a large scale inspection campaign to prevent further violence, leading to the arresting of 65 leading members of [[Takfir wal-Hijra]]<ref>[http://www.thepost.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=&fArticleId=qw976876740781B235 Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque], ''The Post'' (December 15, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508142227/http://www.thepost.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=&fArticleId=qw976876740781B235 |date=May 8, 2020 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?sf=3045&set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=qw976876740781B235 Sudan arrests 65 for attack on mosque], ''[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]'' (December 15, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120804084839/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?sf=3045&set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=qw976876740781B235 |date=August 4, 2012 }}</ref> and security laws were tightened, allowing law enforcement to detain suspects for up to six months.<ref>[http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/001212/2000121203.html Sudanese security barriers in Khartoum; amends security laws] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214180953/http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Daily/Day/001212/2000121203.html|date=2012-02-14}}, ''[[Arabicnews.com]]'' (December 12, 2000)</ref> The amendments were criticized by opposition parties for curtailing liberties and they accused President Bashir of abusing the incident to increase his power.<ref>[http://docs.newsbank.com/g/GooglePM/BBAB/lib00590,0F97E08183C1175B.html Sudan: Opposition leader Mahdi calls for gun control in wake of mosque shooting] (December 17, 2000)</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 52: / Line 58: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jarafa Mosque Massacre, 2000}}
-[[Category:Attacks in Africa in 2000]]
+[[Category:20th-century mass murder in Sudan]]
 [[Category:Deaths by firearm in Sudan]]
 [[Category:December 2000 events in Africa]]
 [[Category:Islamist attacks on mosques]]
-[[Category:Mass murder in 2000]]
+[[Category:Mosque shootings]]
-[[Category:Massacres in religious buildings and structures]]
+[[Category:Mosque massacres in Africa]]
 [[Category:Massacres in Sudan]]
-[[Category:Massacres of men]]
 [[Category:Spree shootings in Sudan]]
 [[Category:Terrorist incidents in Africa in 2000]]
-[[Category:Terrorist incidents in Sudan]]
+[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in 2000]]
 [[Category:Violence against men in Africa]]
 [[Category:2000 murders in Sudan]]
 [[Category:Terrorist incidents in Sudan in the 2000s]]
+[[Category:Massacres in 2000]]