North Vancouver (city): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|City in British Columbia, Canada}} |
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{{About|the City of North Vancouver|the adjacent District of North Vancouver|North Vancouver (district municipality)|other uses|North Vancouver (disambiguation){{!}}North Vancouver}} |
{{About|the City of North Vancouver|the adjacent District of North Vancouver|North Vancouver (district municipality)|other uses|North Vancouver (disambiguation){{!}}North Vancouver}} |
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{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2015}} |
{{Use Canadian English|date=March 2015}} |
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{{Cleanup|date=August 2022|reason=The article contains material that may be outdated or unsourced}} |
{{Cleanup|date=August 2022|reason=The article contains material that may be outdated or unsourced}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name |
| name = North Vancouver |
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| official_name |
| official_name = The Corporation of the City of North Vancouver |
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| native_name |
| native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |
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| settlement_type |
| settlement_type = [[List of cities in British Columbia|City]] |
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| image_skyline |
| image_skyline = North_Vancouver_Canada.JPG |
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| nickname |
| nickname = North Van |
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| image_map |
| image_map = City of North Vancouver in Metro Vancouver.svg |
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| mapsize = 220px |
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| map_caption |
| map_caption = Location of the City of North Vancouver in [[Metro Vancouver]] |
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| coordinates |
| coordinates = {{coord|49|19|N|123|4|W|region:CA-BC|display=inline,title}} |
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| subdivision_type |
| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name |
| subdivision_name = [[Canada]] |
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| subdivision_type1 |
| subdivision_type1 = Province |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Regional district]] |
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| |
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regional district]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[British Columbia]] |
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| subdivision_name2 |
| subdivision_name2 = [[Metro Vancouver Regional District|Metro Vancouver]] |
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| established_title |
| established_title = Incorporated |
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| established_date |
| established_date = May 13, 1907<ref>{{Cite web |title=CivicInfo BC {{!}} Municipality: North Vancouver (City) |url=https://www.civicinfo.bc.ca/municipalities?id=85 |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=www.civicinfo.bc.ca |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925025409/https://www.civicinfo.bc.ca/municipalities?id=85 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| seat |
| seat = North Vancouver City Hall |
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| government_footnotes |
| government_footnotes = <ref name="Mayor&Council">{{Cite web |title=Mayor & Council {{!}} City of North Vancouver |url=https://www.cnv.org/Your-Government/Mayor-and-Council |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=www.cnv.org |language=en |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819005031/https://www.cnv.org/Your-Government/Mayor-and-Council |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| government_type = [[Mayor-council government]] |
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| |
| government_type = [[Mayor-council government]] |
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| |
| leader_title = Mayor |
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| |
| leader_name = Linda Buchanan |
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| |
| leader_title1 = Council |
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| leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list |
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|title = List of councillors |
|title = List of councillors |
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|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |
|frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |
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|6 = [[Tony Valente (politician)|Tony Valente]] |
|6 = [[Tony Valente (politician)|Tony Valente]] |
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}} |
}} |
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| unit_pref |
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |
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| area_footnotes |
| area_footnotes = <ref name="2021census" /> |
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| area_land_km2 |
| area_land_km2 = 11.83 |
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| elevation_m |
| elevation_m = 80 |
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| elevation_footnotes |
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> tags--> |
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| population_total |
| population_total = 58120 |
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| population_as_of |
| population_as_of = 2021 |
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| population_footnotes |
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2021census" /> |
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| population_density_km2 |
| population_density_km2 = 4913.0 |
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| population_est |
| population_est = 64847 |
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| pop_est_as_of |
| pop_est_as_of = 2023 |
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| pop_est_footnotes |
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |last=Services |first=Ministry of Citizens' |title=Population Estimates - Province of British Columbia |url=https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=www2.gov.bc.ca |archive-date=2024-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703194926/https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/statistics/people-population-community/population/population-estimates |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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| population_demonym |
| population_demonym = North Vancouverite |
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| timezone1 |
| timezone1 = [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]] |
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| utc_offset |
| utc_offset = -8 |
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| timezone_DST |
| timezone_DST = PDT |
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| utc_offset_DST |
| utc_offset_DST = -7 |
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| postal_code_type |
| postal_code_type = [[Canadian postal code#Forward sortation areas|Forward sortation area]] |
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| postal_code |
| postal_code = [[List of V postal codes of Canada|V7G - V7R]] |
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| area_code |
| area_code = [[Area code 604|604]], [[Area codes 778, 236, and 672|778, 236, 672]] |
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| area_code_type |
| area_code_type = [[Area codes]] |
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| website |
| website = {{Official URL}} |
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| leader_name2 |
| leader_name2 = [[Jonathan Wilkinson (politician)|Jonathan Wilkinson]] ([[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]]) |
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| leader_name3 |
| leader_name3 = [[Bowinn Ma]] ([[BC NDP]]) |
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| leader_title2 |
| leader_title2 = [[Current members of the Canadian House of Commons|MP]] |
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| leader_title3 |
| leader_title3 = [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia|MLA]] |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''City of North Vancouver''' is a city on the |
The '''City of North Vancouver''' is a [[North Shore (Greater Vancouver)|city municipality on the North Shore]] of the [[Burrard Inlet]], in [[British Columbia]], Canada. It consists of the smallest and most urbanized of the communities situated north of the city of [[Vancouver]], and is part of the [[Metro Vancouver Regional District|Metro Vancouver regional district]], though it has significant industry of its own{{Snd}}including [[shipping]], [[Chemical industry|chemical production]], and [[Film industry|film production]], centred on the North Shore's largest urban centre, [[Lower Lonsdale|Lonsdale]]. The city is served by the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]], [[British Columbia Ambulance Service]], and the North Vancouver City Fire Department. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Not long after the [[North Vancouver (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]] was formed, an early land developer and second reeve of the new council, James Cooper Keith, personally underwrote a loan<ref name="WhereMountainsMeetTheSea">{{Cite book|title=Where Mountains Meet the Sea|last=Francis|first=Daniel|publisher=Harbour Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-1-55017-751-0|location=Harbour Publishing Co. P.O. Box 219, Madeira Park, BC V0N 2H0|pages=77}}</ref> to commence construction of a road which undulated from West Vancouver to Deep Cove amid the slashed sidehills, swamps, and burnt stumps. The road, sometimes under different names and not always contiguous, is still one of the most important east-west thoroughfare carrying traffic across the North Shore. |
Not long after the [[North Vancouver (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]] was formed, an early land developer and second reeve of the new council, James Cooper Keith, personally underwrote a loan<ref name="WhereMountainsMeetTheSea">{{Cite book|title=Where Mountains Meet the Sea|last=Francis|first=Daniel|publisher=Harbour Publishing|year=2016|isbn=978-1-55017-751-0|location=Harbour Publishing Co. P.O. Box 219, Madeira Park, BC V0N 2H0|pages=77}}</ref> to commence construction of a road which undulated from West Vancouver to Deep Cove amid the slashed sidehills, swamps, and burnt stumps. The road, sometimes under different names and not always contiguous, is still one of the most important east-west thoroughfare carrying traffic across the North Shore. |
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Development was slow at the outset. The population of the district in the 1901 census was only 365 people.<ref name="WhereMountainsMeetTheSea" /> Keith joined Edwin Mahon and together they controlled North Vancouver Land & Improvement Company. Soon the pace of development around the foot of Lonsdale began to pick up. The first school was opened in 1902. The district was able to build a municipal hall in 1903 and actually have meetings in North Vancouver (instead of in Vancouver where most of the landowners lived). The first bank and first newspaper arrived in 1905. In 1906 the BC Electric Railway Company opened up a street car line that extended from the ferry wharf up Lonsdale to 12th Street. By 1911 the streetcar system extended west to the Capilano River and east to Lynn Valley. |
Development was slow at the outset. The population of the district in the 1901 census was only 365 people.<ref name="WhereMountainsMeetTheSea" /> Keith joined Edwin Mahon and together they controlled North Vancouver Land & Improvement Company. Soon the pace of development around the foot of Lonsdale began to pick up. The first school was opened in 1902. The district was able to build a municipal hall in 1903 and actually have meetings in North Vancouver (instead of in Vancouver where most of the landowners lived).{{cn|date=July 2024}} The first bank and first newspaper arrived in 1905. In 1906 the BC Electric Railway Company opened up a street car line that extended from the ferry wharf up Lonsdale to 12th Street. By 1911 the streetcar system extended west to the Capilano River and east to Lynn Valley.{{cn|date=July 2024}} |
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The owners of businesses who operated on Lonsdale, as part of an initiative led by Keith and Mahon, brought a petition to the district council in 1905, calling for a new, compact city to be carved out of the unwieldy district. |
The owners of businesses who operated on Lonsdale, as part of an initiative led by Keith and Mahon, brought a petition to the district council in 1905, calling for a new, compact city to be carved out of the unwieldy district.{{cn|date=July 2024}} |
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During the ensuing two years there was much and sometimes heated debate. Some thought the new city should have a new name such as Northport, Hillmont or Parkhill. Burrard became the favourite of the new names but majority view was that North Vancouver remain in order to remain associated with the rising credibility of Vancouver in financial markets and as a place to attract immigrants.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Ambitious City: A History of the City of North Vancouver|last=Sommer|first=Warren|publisher=Harbour Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-1-55017-411-3|location=Madeira Park, BC V0N 2H0|pages=64, 83, 93, 94}}</ref> |
During the ensuing two years there was much and sometimes heated debate. Some thought the new city should have a new name such as Northport, Hillmont or Parkhill. Burrard became the favourite of the new names but majority view was that North Vancouver remain in order to remain associated with the rising credibility of Vancouver in financial markets and as a place to attract immigrants.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Ambitious City: A History of the City of North Vancouver|last=Sommer|first=Warren|publisher=Harbour Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-1-55017-411-3|location=Madeira Park, BC V0N 2H0|pages=64, 83, 93, 94}}</ref> |
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Some thought the boundary of the new city should reflect geography and extend from Lynn Creek or Seymour River west to the Capilano River and extend three miles up the mountainside. That the boundary of the city which came into existence in 1907 just happened to match that of the lands owned by the North Vancouver Land & Improvement Company and Lonsdale Estate was no accident. Since the motivation for creating the city was to reserve local tax revenue for the work of putting in services for the property owned by the major developers, there was little reason to take on any of the burden beyond the extent of their holdings. |
Some thought the boundary of the new city should reflect geography and extend from Lynn Creek or Seymour River west to the Capilano River and extend three miles up the mountainside.{{cn|date=July 2024}} That the boundary of the city which came into existence in 1907 just happened to match that of the lands owned by the North Vancouver Land & Improvement Company and Lonsdale Estate was no accident. Since the motivation for creating the city was to reserve local tax revenue for the work of putting in services for the property owned by the major developers, there was little reason to take on any of the burden beyond the extent of their holdings.{{cn|date=July 2024}} |
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Residents in west part of the District of North Vancouver now had less reason to be connected with what remained and they petitioned to create the [[West Vancouver|District of West Vancouver]] (the west part of the North Shore, not the west side of Vancouver) in 1912. The eastern boundary of that new municipality is for the most part the Capilano River and a community that is easily distinguished from the two North Vancouvers has since developed. |
Residents in west part of the District of North Vancouver now had less reason to be connected with what remained and they petitioned to create the [[West Vancouver|District of West Vancouver]] (the west part of the North Shore, not the west side of Vancouver) in 1912.{{cn|date=July 2024}} The eastern boundary of that new municipality is for the most part the Capilano River and a community that is easily distinguished from the two North Vancouvers has since developed. |
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[[Image:Keith Rd North Van.JPG|thumb|left|Keith Road looking west, with Hollyburn Mtn in the distance]] |
[[Image:Keith Rd North Van.JPG|thumb|left|Keith Road looking west, with Hollyburn Mtn in the distance]] |
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| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981−2010 |
| work = Canadian Climate Normals 1981−2010 |
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| date = 25 September 2013 |
| date = 25 September 2013 |
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| access-date = 2018-03-26 |
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| archive-date = 27 March 2018 |
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| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180327084316/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1981_2010_e.html?searchType=stnName&txtStationName=n+vancouver&searchMethod=contains&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&stnID=830&dispBack=0 |
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| url-status = live |
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}}</ref> |
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| precipitation colour = green |
| precipitation colour = green |
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| Jan precipitation mm = 262.2 |
| Jan precipitation mm = 262.2 |
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==Politics== |
==Politics== |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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| Mayor || Linda Buchanan (2018) |
| Mayor || Linda Buchanan (2018, 2022) |
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|- |
|- |
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| Councillors ||Holly Back (2018), [[Don Bell (politician)|Don Bell]] (2011, 2014, 2018), Angela Girard (2018 |
| Councillors ||Holly Back (2018, 2022), [[Don Bell (politician)|Don Bell]] (2011, 2014, 2018, 2022), Angela Girard (2018, 2022), Jessica McIlroy (2018, 2022), [[Tony Valente (politician)|Tony Valente]] (2018, 2022), Shervin Shahriari (2022) |
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|- |
|- |
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| Provincial [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]] || [[Bowinn Ma]] (North Vancouver-Lonsdale) |
| Provincial [[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]] || [[Bowinn Ma]] (North Vancouver-Lonsdale) |
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The area around lower Lonsdale Avenue features several open community spaces, including Waterfront Park, Lonsdale Quay, Ship Builders Square and the Burrard Dry Dock Pier. |
The area around lower Lonsdale Avenue features several open community spaces, including Waterfront Park, Lonsdale Quay, Ship Builders Square and the Burrard Dry Dock Pier. |
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Other sites of interest in the city include:<ref>{{Cite web |title=HistoricPlaces.ca - Recherche |url=https://www.historicplaces.ca/visit-visite/resultats-results.aspx?Type=1&IsBasic=True&Name=&Prov=BC&FuncCat=&FuncType=&Loc=NORTH+VANCOUVER&Image=False&ShowMap=0 |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=www.historicplaces.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnv.org//server.aspx?c=4&i=8 |title=Attractions in North Vancouver |access-date=25 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723163259/http://www.cnv.org//server.aspx?c=4&i=8 |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Primary Buildings |url=http://www.cnv.org/server.aspx?c=3&i=127 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819071258/http://www.cnv.org/server.aspx?c=3&i=127 |archive-date=19 August 2007}}</ref> |
Other sites of interest in the city include:<ref>{{Cite web |title=HistoricPlaces.ca - Recherche |url=https://www.historicplaces.ca/visit-visite/resultats-results.aspx?Type=1&IsBasic=True&Name=&Prov=BC&FuncCat=&FuncType=&Loc=NORTH+VANCOUVER&Image=False&ShowMap=0 |access-date=2022-08-19 |website=www.historicplaces.ca |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127110456/https://www.historicplaces.ca/visit-visite/resultats-results.aspx?Type=1&IsBasic=True&Name=&Prov=BC&FuncCat=&FuncType=&Loc=NORTH+VANCOUVER&Image=False&ShowMap=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnv.org//server.aspx?c=4&i=8 |title=Attractions in North Vancouver |access-date=25 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723163259/http://www.cnv.org//server.aspx?c=4&i=8 |archive-date=23 July 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Primary Buildings |url=http://www.cnv.org/server.aspx?c=3&i=127 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819071258/http://www.cnv.org/server.aspx?c=3&i=127 |archive-date=19 August 2007}}</ref> |
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* Centennial Theatre, 2300 Lonsdale Avenue |
* Centennial Theatre, 2300 Lonsdale Avenue |
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* [[First Church of Christ, Scientist (North Vancouver)|First Church of Christ, Scientist]], a local heritage site |
* [[First Church of Christ, Scientist (North Vancouver)|First Church of Christ, Scientist]], a local heritage site |
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* |
* [[The Museum and Archives of North Vancouver]] |
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* [[The Polygon Gallery]] |
* [[The Polygon Gallery]] |
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* Presentation House Theatre, 333 Chesterfield Avenue |
* Presentation House Theatre, 333 Chesterfield Avenue |
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The main street in the city is Lonsdale Avenue, which begins at Lonsdale Quay and goes north to 29th Street, where it continues in the District of North Vancouver, ending at Rockland Road. |
The main street in the city is Lonsdale Avenue, which begins at Lonsdale Quay and goes north to 29th Street, where it continues in the District of North Vancouver, ending at Rockland Road. |
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[[British Columbia Highway 1|Highway 1]], the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] (often referred to as the "Upper Levels Highway") passes through the northern portion of the city. It is a [[freeway]] for its entire length within the City of North Vancouver. There are |
[[British Columbia Highway 1|Highway 1]], the [[Trans-Canada Highway]] (often referred to as the "Upper Levels Highway") passes through the northern portion of the city. It is a [[freeway]] for its entire length within the City of North Vancouver. There are six [[interchange (road)|interchange]]s on Highway 1 within the City of North Vancouver: |
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*Main Street/Dollarton Highway (Exit 23) |
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*Mountain Highway and Mt Seymour Parkway (Exit 21/22) |
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*Lynn Valley Road (Exit 19) |
*Lynn Valley Road (Exit 19) |
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*Lonsdale Avenue (Exit 18) |
*Lonsdale Avenue (Exit 18) |
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*Westview Drive (Exit 17) |
*Westview Drive (Exit 17) |
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*Capilano Road (Exit 14) |
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==Education== |
==Education== |
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|[[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]|58,120 |
|[[Canada 2021 Census|2021]]|58,120 |
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In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census]] of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, North Vancouver had a population of 58,120 living in 27,293 of its 29,021 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:58120-52898}}|52898|1}} from its 2016 population of 52,898. With a land area of {{cvt|11.83|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|58120|11.83|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name="2021census">{{cite web |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - North Vancouver, City (CY) [Census subdivision], British Columbia |url=https://census.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=north%20van&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915051 |
In the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 Census]] of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, North Vancouver had a population of 58,120 living in 27,293 of its 29,021 total private dwellings, a change of {{percentage|{{#expr:58120-52898}}|52898|1}} from its 2016 population of 52,898. With a land area of {{cvt|11.83|km2}}, it had a population density of {{Pop density|58120|11.83|km2|sqmi|prec=1}} in 2021.<ref name="2021census">{{cite web |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - North Vancouver, City (CY) [Census subdivision], British Columbia |url=https://census.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=north%20van&GENDERlist=1&STATISTIClist=1&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915051 |accessdate=August 21, 2022 |publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]}}</ref> |
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As of the 2011 census, the median age was 41.2 years old, which is a bit higher than the national median age at 40.6 years old. There are 24,206 private dwellings with an occupancy rate of 94.1%. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the median value of a dwelling in North Vancouver is $599,985 which is significantly higher than the national average at $280,552. The median household income (after-taxes) in North Vancouver is $52,794, a bit lower than the national average at $54,089. |
As of the 2011 census, the median age was 41.2 years old, which is a bit higher than the national median age at 40.6 years old. There are 24,206 private dwellings with an occupancy rate of 94.1%. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the median value of a dwelling in North Vancouver is $599,985 which is significantly higher than the national average at $280,552. The median household income (after-taxes) in North Vancouver is $52,794, a bit lower than the national average at $54,089. |
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=== Ethnicity === |
=== Ethnicity === |
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North Vancouver has one of the highest Middle Eastern{{efn|name="MiddleEastern"}} population ratios for any Canadian city at 11.3% as of 2021.<ref name="2021censusB"/> |
North Vancouver has one of the highest Middle Eastern{{efn|name="MiddleEastern"}} population ratios for any Canadian city at 11.3% as of 2021, with the vast majority being [[Persians|Persian]].<ref name="2021censusB"/> |
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{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" |
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" |
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|+ [[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in the City of North Vancouver (2001−2021) |
|+ [[Panethnicity|Panethnic]] groups in the City of North Vancouver (2001−2021) |
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! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]]<br>group |
! rowspan="2" |[[Panethnicity|Panethnic]]<br>group |
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! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="2021censusB"/> |
! colspan="2" |2021<ref name="2021censusB"/> |
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! colspan="2" |2016<ref name="2016census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title= |
! colspan="2" |2016<ref name="2016census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2021-10-27 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915051&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=North%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227015148/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915051&Geo2=CD&Code2=5915&SearchText=North%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title= |
! colspan="2" |2011<ref name="2011census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2015-11-27 |title=NHS Profile |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915051&Data=Count&SearchText=North%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227013907/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915051&Data=Count&SearchText=North%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&A1=All&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name="2006census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-08-20 |title= |
! colspan="2" |2006<ref name="2006census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-08-20 |title=2006 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915051&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=North%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227015141/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/dp-pd/prof/92-591/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915051&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=North%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="2001census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-07-02 |title= |
! colspan="2" |2001<ref name="2001census">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2019-07-02 |title=2001 Community Profiles |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915051&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=North%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227013908/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/english/Profil01/CP01/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5915051&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=North%20Vancouver&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom= |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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|- |
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![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]] |
![[Population|{{abbr|Pop.|Population}}]] |
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=== Religion === |
=== Religion === |
||
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in North Vancouver included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title= |
According to the [[2021 Canadian census|2021 census]], religious groups in North Vancouver included:<ref name="2021censusB">{{Cite web |last=Government of Canada |first=Statistics Canada |date=2022-10-26 |title=Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=north%20vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915051&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=www12.statcan.gc.ca |archive-date=10 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110052204/https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&SearchText=north%20vancouver&DGUIDlist=2021A00055915051&GENDERlist=1,2,3&STATISTIClist=1&HEADERlist=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
*[[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (29,580 persons or 51.4%) |
*[[Irreligion in Canada|Irreligion]] (29,580 persons or 51.4%) |
||
*[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (20,915 persons or 36.4%) |
*[[Christianity in Canada|Christianity]] (20,915 persons or 36.4%) |
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{{NorthVancouverNeighbourhoods}} |
{{NorthVancouverNeighbourhoods}} |
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{{Adjacent communities |
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{{Canadian City Geographic Location (8-way) |
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| North = [[North Vancouver (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]] |
| North = [[North Vancouver (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]] |
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| W = [[North Vancouver (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]] |
| W = [[North Vancouver (district municipality)|District of North Vancouver]] |
Revision as of 07:38, 14 August 2024
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: The article contains material that may be outdated or unsourced. (August 2022) |
North Vancouver | |
---|---|
The Corporation of the City of North Vancouver | |
Nickname: North Van | |
Coordinates: 49°19′N 123°4′W / 49.317°N 123.067°W | |
Country | Canada |
Province | British Columbia |
Regional district | Metro Vancouver |
Incorporated | May 13, 1907[1] |
Seat | North Vancouver City Hall |
Government | |
• Type | Mayor-council government |
• Mayor | Linda Buchanan |
• Council | List of councillors |
• MP | Jonathan Wilkinson (Liberal) |
• MLA | Bowinn Ma (BC NDP) |
Area | |
• Land | 11.83 km2 (4.57 sq mi) |
Elevation | 80 m (260 ft) |
Population (2021)[3] | |
• Total | 58,120 |
• Estimate (2023)[4] | 64,847 |
• Density | 4,913.0/km2 (12,725/sq mi) |
Demonym | North Vancouverite |
Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
Forward sortation area | |
Area codes | 604, 778, 236, 672 |
Website | cnv |
The City of North Vancouver is a city municipality on the North Shore of the Burrard Inlet, in British Columbia, Canada. It consists of the smallest and most urbanized of the communities situated north of the city of Vancouver, and is part of the Metro Vancouver regional district, though it has significant industry of its own – including shipping, chemical production, and film production, centred on the North Shore's largest urban centre, Lonsdale. The city is served by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, British Columbia Ambulance Service, and the North Vancouver City Fire Department.
History
In the 1880s, Arthur Heywood-Lonsdale and a relation James Pemberton Fell, made substantial investments through their company, Lonsdale Estates, and in 1882 he financed the Moodyville investments. Several locations in the North Vancouver area are named after Lonsdale and his family.[5]
Not long after the District of North Vancouver was formed, an early land developer and second reeve of the new council, James Cooper Keith, personally underwrote a loan[6] to commence construction of a road which undulated from West Vancouver to Deep Cove amid the slashed sidehills, swamps, and burnt stumps. The road, sometimes under different names and not always contiguous, is still one of the most important east-west thoroughfare carrying traffic across the North Shore.
Development was slow at the outset. The population of the district in the 1901 census was only 365 people.[6] Keith joined Edwin Mahon and together they controlled North Vancouver Land & Improvement Company. Soon the pace of development around the foot of Lonsdale began to pick up. The first school was opened in 1902. The district was able to build a municipal hall in 1903 and actually have meetings in North Vancouver (instead of in Vancouver where most of the landowners lived).[citation needed] The first bank and first newspaper arrived in 1905. In 1906 the BC Electric Railway Company opened up a street car line that extended from the ferry wharf up Lonsdale to 12th Street. By 1911 the streetcar system extended west to the Capilano River and east to Lynn Valley.[citation needed]
The owners of businesses who operated on Lonsdale, as part of an initiative led by Keith and Mahon, brought a petition to the district council in 1905, calling for a new, compact city to be carved out of the unwieldy district.[citation needed]
During the ensuing two years there was much and sometimes heated debate. Some thought the new city should have a new name such as Northport, Hillmont or Parkhill. Burrard became the favourite of the new names but majority view was that North Vancouver remain in order to remain associated with the rising credibility of Vancouver in financial markets and as a place to attract immigrants.[7]
Some thought the boundary of the new city should reflect geography and extend from Lynn Creek or Seymour River west to the Capilano River and extend three miles up the mountainside.[citation needed] That the boundary of the city which came into existence in 1907 just happened to match that of the lands owned by the North Vancouver Land & Improvement Company and Lonsdale Estate was no accident. Since the motivation for creating the city was to reserve local tax revenue for the work of putting in services for the property owned by the major developers, there was little reason to take on any of the burden beyond the extent of their holdings.[citation needed]
Residents in west part of the District of North Vancouver now had less reason to be connected with what remained and they petitioned to create the District of West Vancouver (the west part of the North Shore, not the west side of Vancouver) in 1912.[citation needed] The eastern boundary of that new municipality is for the most part the Capilano River and a community that is easily distinguished from the two North Vancouvers has since developed.
The City of North Vancouver continued to grow around the foot of Lonsdale Avenue. Serviced by the North Vancouver Ferries, it proved a popular area. Commuters used the ferries to work in Vancouver. Street cars and early land speculation, spurred interest in the area. Streets, city blocks and houses were slowly built around lower Lonsdale. Wallace Shipyards, and the Pacific Great Eastern Railway provided an industrial base, although, the late arrival of the Second Narrows railway bridge in 1925 controlled development.
The Depression again bankrupted the city, while the Second World War turned North Vancouver into the Clydeside of Canada with a large shipbuilding program. Housing the shipyard workers provided a new building boom, which continued on through the post-war years. By that time, North Vancouver became a popular housing area.
Geography
The City of North Vancouver is separated from Vancouver by the Burrard Inlet, and it is surrounded on three sides by the District of North Vancouver. The city has much in common with the district and with West Vancouver; together, the three are commonly referred to as the North Shore.
The City of North Vancouver is relatively densely populated with a number of residential high-rise buildings in the Central Lonsdale and Lower Lonsdale areas.
The North Shore mountains have many drainages: Capilano River, MacKay, Mosquito, and Lynn Creeks, and Seymour River.
Climate
North Vancouver has an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) with cool, rainy winters and dry, warm summers.
Climate data for North Vancouver (N Vancouver 2ND Narrows) (Elevation: 4m) 1981−2010 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 262.2 (10.32) |
172.3 (6.78) |
168.4 (6.63) |
136.3 (5.37) |
103.3 (4.07) |
82.5 (3.25) |
53.2 (2.09) |
54.9 (2.16) |
76.8 (3.02) |
189.0 (7.44) |
293.4 (11.55) |
238.6 (9.39) |
1,830.8 (72.08) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 255.3 (10.05) |
167.7 (6.60) |
166.8 (6.57) |
136.1 (5.36) |
103.3 (4.07) |
82.5 (3.25) |
53.2 (2.09) |
54.9 (2.16) |
76.8 (3.02) |
189.0 (7.44) |
290.2 (11.43) |
229.9 (9.05) |
1,805.6 (71.09) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 6.9 (2.7) |
5.2 (2.0) |
1.6 (0.6) |
0.2 (0.1) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.1 (0.0) |
2.3 (0.9) |
8.7 (3.4) |
24.9 (9.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 20.5 | 15.5 | 18.0 | 15.4 | 13.8 | 11.7 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 9.6 | 16.1 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 175.9 |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 19.7 | 15.1 | 17.9 | 15.4 | 13.8 | 11.7 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 9.6 | 16.0 | 20.7 | 19.6 | 173.5 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 1.7 | 0.92 | 0.54 | 0.12 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.08 | 0.72 | 2.2 | 6.2 |
Source: Environment Canada (normals, 1981−2010)[8] |
Politics
Mayor | Linda Buchanan (2018, 2022) |
Councillors | Holly Back (2018, 2022), Don Bell (2011, 2014, 2018, 2022), Angela Girard (2018, 2022), Jessica McIlroy (2018, 2022), Tony Valente (2018, 2022), Shervin Shahriari (2022) |
Provincial MLA | Bowinn Ma (North Vancouver-Lonsdale) |
MP | Jonathan Wilkinson (North Vancouver) |
Sites of interest
The area around lower Lonsdale Avenue features several open community spaces, including Waterfront Park, Lonsdale Quay, Ship Builders Square and the Burrard Dry Dock Pier.
Other sites of interest in the city include:[9][10][11]
- Centennial Theatre, 2300 Lonsdale Avenue
- First Church of Christ, Scientist, a local heritage site
- The Museum and Archives of North Vancouver
- The Polygon Gallery
- Presentation House Theatre, 333 Chesterfield Avenue
- St. Edmund's Church, 535 Mahon Avenue, a local heritage site
- Trans Canada Trail Pavilion, Waterfront Park
- The Shipyards, near Lonsdale Quay, which includes Ship Builders Square and the Burrard Dry Dock Pier, on the site of the old Wallace Shipyard
- Lonsdale Quay Market, easily accessible from the Seabus. The Quay has a view of Vancouver's skyline and is locally owned and operated.
Transportation
The City of North Vancouver is connected to Vancouver by two highway bridges (the Lions Gate Bridge and the Ironworkers Memorial Second Narrows Crossing) and by a passenger ferry, the SeaBus. That system and the bus system in North Vancouver is operated by Coast Mountain Bus Company, an operating company of TransLink. The hub of the bus system is Lonsdale Quay, the location of the SeaBus terminal. Currently, there is no rail transit service on the North Shore.
The main street in the city is Lonsdale Avenue, which begins at Lonsdale Quay and goes north to 29th Street, where it continues in the District of North Vancouver, ending at Rockland Road.
Highway 1, the Trans-Canada Highway (often referred to as the "Upper Levels Highway") passes through the northern portion of the city. It is a freeway for its entire length within the City of North Vancouver. There are six interchanges on Highway 1 within the City of North Vancouver:
- Main Street/Dollarton Highway (Exit 23)
- Mountain Highway and Mt Seymour Parkway (Exit 21/22)
- Lynn Valley Road (Exit 19)
- Lonsdale Avenue (Exit 18)
- Westview Drive (Exit 17)
- Capilano Road (Exit 14)
Education
Public schools are managed by the North Vancouver School District, which operates 8 high schools and 30 elementary schools shared by the city and the District of North Vancouver.
The Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique operates one Francophone school in that city: école André-Piolat, which has both primary and secondary levels.[12]
There are also several independent private elementary and high schools in the area, including Bodwell High School and Lions Gate Christian Academy.
Post-secondary education is available at Capilano University in the district, as well as at Simon Fraser University and the University of British Columbia in neighbouring communities.
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1911 | 8,196 | — |
1921 | 7,652 | −6.6% |
1931 | 8,510 | +11.2% |
1941 | 8,914 | +4.7% |
1951 | 15,687 | +76.0% |
1961 | 23,656 | +50.8% |
1971 | 31,847 | +34.6% |
1981 | 33,640 | +5.6% |
1991 | 41,475 | +23.3% |
2001 | 44,303 | +6.8% |
2006 | 45,165 | +1.9% |
2011 | 48,196 | +6.7% |
2016 | 52,898 | +9.8% |
2021 | 58,120 | +9.9% |
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, North Vancouver had a population of 58,120 living in 27,293 of its 29,021 total private dwellings, a change of 9.9% from its 2016 population of 52,898. With a land area of 11.83 km2 (4.57 sq mi), it had a population density of 4,912.9/km2 (12,724.4/sq mi) in 2021.[3]
As of the 2011 census, the median age was 41.2 years old, which is a bit higher than the national median age at 40.6 years old. There are 24,206 private dwellings with an occupancy rate of 94.1%. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the median value of a dwelling in North Vancouver is $599,985 which is significantly higher than the national average at $280,552. The median household income (after-taxes) in North Vancouver is $52,794, a bit lower than the national average at $54,089.
Ethnicity
North Vancouver has one of the highest Middle Eastern[a] population ratios for any Canadian city at 11.3% as of 2021, with the vast majority being Persian.[13]
Panethnic group |
2021[13] | 2016[14] | 2011[15] | 2006[16] | 2001[17] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
European[b] | 35,420 | 61.59% | 34,695 | 66.48% | 32,800 | 68.78% | 32,160 | 71.69% | 32,960 | 75.03% |
Middle Eastern[a] | 6,510 | 11.32% | 4,575 | 8.77% | 3,655 | 7.66% | 3,155 | 7.03% | 3,015 | 6.86% |
East Asian[c] | 5,195 | 9.03% | 4,260 | 8.16% | 3,775 | 7.92% | 3,995 | 8.91% | 3,255 | 7.41% |
Southeast Asian[d] | 4,220 | 7.34% | 3,715 | 7.12% | 3,470 | 7.28% | 2,150 | 4.79% | 1,650 | 3.76% |
South Asian | 2,100 | 3.65% | 1,840 | 3.53% | 1,475 | 3.09% | 1,340 | 2.99% | 980 | 2.23% |
Indigenous | 1,230 | 2.14% | 1,150 | 2.2% | 970 | 2.03% | 925 | 2.06% | 1,015 | 2.31% |
Latin American | 1,210 | 2.1% | 840 | 1.61% | 585 | 1.23% | 430 | 0.96% | 470 | 1.07% |
African | 550 | 0.96% | 485 | 0.93% | 390 | 0.82% | 315 | 0.7% | 315 | 0.72% |
Other[e] | 1,075 | 1.87% | 630 | 1.21% | 575 | 1.21% | 385 | 0.86% | 275 | 0.63% |
Total responses | 57,505 | 98.94% | 52,185 | 98.65% | 47,685 | 98.94% | 44,860 | 99.32% | 43,930 | 99.16% |
Total population | 58,120 | 100% | 52,898 | 100% | 48,196 | 100% | 45,165 | 100% | 44,303 | 100% |
- Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Languages
Mother languages as reported by each person:
Mother language | Population | % of Total Population | % of Non-official language Population |
---|---|---|---|
English | 35,520 | 61.4% | N/A |
Persian | 5,760 | 10.0% | 31.1% |
Tagalog | 1,675 | 2.9% | 9.0% |
Chinese Languages | 1,670 | 2.9% | 9.0% |
Spanish | 1,245 | 2.2% | 6.7% |
Korean | 1,135 | 6.1% | 6.1% |
French | 980 | 1.7% | N/A |
German | 575 | 1.0% | 3.1% |
3.1% of North Vancouver residents listed both English and a non-official language as mother tongues.
Religion
According to the 2021 census, religious groups in North Vancouver included:[13]
- Irreligion (29,580 persons or 51.4%)
- Christianity (20,915 persons or 36.4%)
- Islam (4,245 persons or 7.4%)
- Sikhism (530 persons or 0.9%)
- Buddhism (470 persons or 0.8%)
- Judaism (385 persons or 0.7%)
- Hinduism (340 persons or 0.6%)
- Indigenous Spirituality (70 persons or 0.1%)
Notes
- ^ a b Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
References
- ^ "CivicInfo BC | Municipality: North Vancouver (City)". www.civicinfo.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
- ^ "Mayor & Council | City of North Vancouver". www.cnv.org. Archived from the original on 19 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
- ^ a b c "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - North Vancouver, City (CY) [Census subdivision], British Columbia". Statistics Canada. 17 August 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ^ Services, Ministry of Citizens'. "Population Estimates - Province of British Columbia". www2.gov.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 3 July 2024. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
- ^ Canada North Shore News
- ^ a b Francis, Daniel (2016). Where Mountains Meet the Sea. Harbour Publishing Co. P.O. Box 219, Madeira Park, BC V0N 2H0: Harbour Publishing. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-55017-751-0.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ Sommer, Warren (2007). The Ambitious City: A History of the City of North Vancouver. Madeira Park, BC V0N 2H0: Harbour Publishing. pp. 64, 83, 93, 94. ISBN 978-1-55017-411-3.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link) - ^ "N VANCOUVER 2ND NARROWS]". Canadian Climate Normals 1981−2010. 25 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
- ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca - Recherche". www.historicplaces.ca. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
- ^ "Attractions in North Vancouver". Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 25 May 2009.
- ^ "Primary Buildings". Archived from the original on 19 August 2007.
- ^ "Carte des écoles Archived 17 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine." Conseil scolaire francophone de la Colombie-Britannique. Retrieved on 22 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 10 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 October 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (27 November 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (20 August 2019). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2 July 2019). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 26 December 2022.
External links
- Official website
- North Vancouver travel guide from Wikivoyage