Francisco de Ulloa: Difference between revisions
m Reverted 1 edit by 2601:641:8000:6AC0:C0D9:F4A1:3945:3D9A (talk) to last revision by Monkbot (TW) |
RodRabelo7 (talk | contribs) m deprecated |
||
| (32 intermediate revisions by 20 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{about|the explorer|the accordionist|Francisco Ulloa (accordionist)}} |
{{about|the explorer|the accordionist|Francisco Ulloa (accordionist)}} |
||
{{One source|date=October 2018}} |
|||
{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
||
|name = Francisco de Ulloa |
|name = Francisco de Ulloa |
||
| Line 6: | Line 5: | ||
|image_size = |
|image_size = |
||
|caption = |
|caption = |
||
|birth_name = |
|birth_name = |
||
|birth_date = |
|birth_date = unknown |
||
|birth_place = |
|birth_place = |
||
|death_date = {{death-date|1540}} |
|death_date = {{death-date|1540}} |
||
|death_place = |
|death_place = |
||
| Line 14: | Line 13: | ||
|resting_place = |
|resting_place = |
||
|resting_place_coordinates = |
|resting_place_coordinates = |
||
|residence = |
|||
|nationality = [[Spain|Spanish]] |
|||
|other_names = |
|other_names = |
||
|known_for = Exploring the west coast of [[Mexico]] |
|known_for = Exploring the west coast of [[Mexico]] |
||
| Line 22: | Line 19: | ||
|employer = |
|employer = |
||
|occupation = [[Explorer]] |
|occupation = [[Explorer]] |
||
|home_town = |
|||
|title = |
|title = |
||
|salary = |
|||
|networth = |
|||
|height = |
|height = |
||
|weight = |
|||
|term = |
|term = |
||
|predecessor = |
|predecessor = |
||
| Line 33: | Line 26: | ||
|party = |
|party = |
||
|boards = |
|boards = |
||
|religion = |
|||
|spouse = |
|spouse = |
||
|partner = |
|partner = |
||
| Line 46: | Line 38: | ||
[[File:Wpdms ulloa 1539.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|Route of the 1539 voyage by Francisco de Ulloa from (Acapulco) along the west coast of Mexico]] |
[[File:Wpdms ulloa 1539.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|Route of the 1539 voyage by Francisco de Ulloa from (Acapulco) along the west coast of Mexico]] |
||
'''Francisco de Ulloa''' ({{IPA |
'''Francisco de Ulloa''' ({{IPA|es|fɾanˈθisko ðe wˈʎoa|pron}}) (died 1540) was a Spanish explorer who explored the west coast of present-day [[Mexico]] and the [[Baja California Peninsula]] under the commission of [[Hernán Cortés]]. Ulloa's voyage was among the first to disprove the cartographic misconception of the existence of the [[Island of California]]. |
||
==Exploring career== |
==Exploring career== |
||
It is not known whether Ulloa accompanied Cortés on his first expedition to the [[New Spain]]. By the account of [[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]], he came to Mexico later while transporting letters to Cortés from his wife. According to some early historians, Ulloa was influential in helping subdue the [[Aztec]] capital [[Tenochtitlan]] by naval power. |
It is not known whether Ulloa accompanied Cortés on his first expedition to the [[New Spain]]. By the account of historian [[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]], he came to Mexico later while transporting letters to Cortés from his wife. According to some early historians, Ulloa was influential in helping subdue the [[Aztec]] capital [[Tenochtitlan]] by naval power. |
||
In 1539, at the private expense of Cortés, he embarked on an expedition in three small vessels, sailing north from [[Acapulco]] to explore the Pacific Coast, and to seek the |
In 1539, at the private expense of Cortés, he embarked on an expedition in three small vessels, sailing north from [[Acapulco]] to explore the Pacific Coast, and to seek a sea route through the North American continent that supposedly led to the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]], proving the existence of a northern passage. The expedition left on July 8 sailing northwards along the coast and reaching the [[Gulf of California]] six weeks later. Ulloa named it the "Sea of Cortés" in honor of his patron. When one of his ships was lost in a storm Ulloa paused to repair the other two ships, and then resumed his voyage on September 12, eventually reaching the head of the Gulf. |
||
Unable to find the |
Unable to find the through-continent route, Ulloa turned south and sailed along the eastern coast of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], landing at the [[Bay of La Paz]]. After taking on supplies of wood and water Ulloa rounded the tip of the peninsula with great difficulty and sailed northward along the western shore in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. |
||
The voyage eventually reached [[28th parallel north|28 degrees north]] near the [[Isla de Cedros]]. The fierce winds and high seas he encountered eventually stalled his progress. Accounts differ if Ulloa continued northward or if he turned around to return to New Spain. A personal letter to Cortés on April 5 seemed to indicate that he intended to continue northward, at which point his ship was lost. However, no records note the loss of his voyage, and the fact that later maps from the voyage of [[Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo]] included detail of this part of the peninsula indicate that Ulloa returned to New Spain and was able to confer with cartographers. |
|||
The progress of his small ships was hampered by the fierce winds and high seas he encountered, eventually forcing him to turn back to New Spain. The voyage eventually reached [[28th parallel north|28 degrees north]] near the [[Isla de Cedros]]. |
|||
Díaz del Castillo maintains that Ulloa was able to return to port, and was stabbed to death by a soldier from his crew in 1540. However, in 1543, Cortés indicated that he believed Ulloa was alive as part of a legal investigation as to the whereabouts of the daughter of one of his former pilots, stating that "Ulloa had carried her off and could give the information better than he," casting further doubt on Ulloa's ultimate fate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Explorers, 1492-1774|url=https://sandiegohistory.org/archives/books/explorers/ch2/|access-date=2021-03-25|website=San Diego History Center {{!}} San Diego, CA {{!}} Our City, Our Story|language=en-US}}</ref> |
|||
Although his discoveries showed that Baja California is a [[peninsula]], legends and maps depicting [[Island of California|California as an island]] persisted intermittently into the 18th century. According to Díaz del Castillo, Ulloa was stabbed to death in 1540. By other accounts, his ship was lost without a trace during the return voyage from Baja California. Supposedly his ship was swept inland with a [[tsunami]], later becoming known as the [[Lost Ship of the Desert]].<ref>{{cite web|last = Weight | first = Harold O.| date = 1959| title = Lost Ship of the Desert: A Legend of the Southwest| publisher = The Calico Press| publication-place = Twentynine Palms, California| url = https://www.klaxo.net/hofc/other/lostship3.htm | accessdate = October 31, 2018}}</ref> |
|||
Although his discoveries showed that Baja California is a [[peninsula]], legends and maps depicting [[Island of California|California as an island]] persisted intermittently into the 18th century, indicating that Ulloa was unable to convince explorers or cartographers of his discovery. |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
||
==Further reading== |
|||
*{{Cite web |last=Hernández |first=Cristina González |title=Francisco Ulloa |url=https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/18092/francisco-ulloa |website=Real Academia de la Historia |language=Spanish}} |
|||
*{{Cite book |last=Holmes |first=Maurice G. |title=From New Spain by Sea to the Californias 1519-1668 |publisher=Arthur H. Clark |year=1963 |pages=75–90}} |
|||
*{{cite encyclopedia| editor-last = Howgego| editor-first = Raymond John| encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800| title = Ulloa, Francisco de| year = 2003| publisher = Hordern House |isbn=1875567364}} |
|||
*{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Gordon |date=January 8, 1987 |title=Some Experts Discount Tale of Ghost Ship |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-01-08-vw-2940-story.html}} |
|||
*{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Jeff |date=July 11, 2002 |title=Dr. Markey Hoodwinked the Historical Society |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2002/jul/11/unforgettable-dr-markey-historical-society/ |website=San Diego Reader}} |
|||
*{{Cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=Henry R. |last2=de Ulloa |first2=Francisco |date=1924 |title=California Voyages, 1539-1541: The Voyage of Francisco de Ulloa; The Voyage of Hernando de Alarcon; The Voyage of Francisco de Bolaños |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25613647 |journal=California Historical Society Quarterly |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=307–397 |doi=10.2307/25613647 |jstor=25613647 |issn=0008-1175}} |
|||
*{{Cite journal |last=Wagner |first=H. R. |date=1940 |title=Francisco de Ulloa Returned |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25160889 |journal=California History |language=en |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=240–244 |doi=10.2307/25160889 |jstor=25160889 }} |
|||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
| Line 75: | Line 78: | ||
[[Category:Spanish explorers of North America]] |
[[Category:Spanish explorers of North America]] |
||
[[Category:Spanish explorers of the Pacific]] |
[[Category:Spanish explorers of the Pacific]] |
||
[[Category:Spanish explorers]] |
|||
[[Category:16th-century Spanish people]] |
[[Category:16th-century Spanish people]] |
||
[[Category:1540 in |
[[Category:1540 in New Spain]] |
||
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
||
[[Category:Explorers of Mexico]] |
[[Category:Explorers of Mexico]] |
||
[[Category:Etymology of California]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 00:34, 13 August 2024
Francisco de Ulloa | |
|---|---|
| Born | unknown |
| Died | 1540 |
| Occupation | Explorer |
| Known for | Exploring the west coast of Mexico |
Francisco de Ulloa (pronounced [fɾanˈθisko ðe wˈʎoa]) (died 1540) was a Spanish explorer who explored the west coast of present-day Mexico and the Baja California Peninsula under the commission of Hernán Cortés. Ulloa's voyage was among the first to disprove the cartographic misconception of the existence of the Island of California.
Exploring career
[edit]It is not known whether Ulloa accompanied Cortés on his first expedition to the New Spain. By the account of historian Bernal Díaz del Castillo, he came to Mexico later while transporting letters to Cortés from his wife. According to some early historians, Ulloa was influential in helping subdue the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan by naval power.
In 1539, at the private expense of Cortés, he embarked on an expedition in three small vessels, sailing north from Acapulco to explore the Pacific Coast, and to seek a sea route through the North American continent that supposedly led to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, proving the existence of a northern passage. The expedition left on July 8 sailing northwards along the coast and reaching the Gulf of California six weeks later. Ulloa named it the "Sea of Cortés" in honor of his patron. When one of his ships was lost in a storm Ulloa paused to repair the other two ships, and then resumed his voyage on September 12, eventually reaching the head of the Gulf.
Unable to find the through-continent route, Ulloa turned south and sailed along the eastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula, landing at the Bay of La Paz. After taking on supplies of wood and water Ulloa rounded the tip of the peninsula with great difficulty and sailed northward along the western shore in the Pacific Ocean.
The voyage eventually reached 28 degrees north near the Isla de Cedros. The fierce winds and high seas he encountered eventually stalled his progress. Accounts differ if Ulloa continued northward or if he turned around to return to New Spain. A personal letter to Cortés on April 5 seemed to indicate that he intended to continue northward, at which point his ship was lost. However, no records note the loss of his voyage, and the fact that later maps from the voyage of Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo included detail of this part of the peninsula indicate that Ulloa returned to New Spain and was able to confer with cartographers.
Díaz del Castillo maintains that Ulloa was able to return to port, and was stabbed to death by a soldier from his crew in 1540. However, in 1543, Cortés indicated that he believed Ulloa was alive as part of a legal investigation as to the whereabouts of the daughter of one of his former pilots, stating that "Ulloa had carried her off and could give the information better than he," casting further doubt on Ulloa's ultimate fate.[1]
Although his discoveries showed that Baja California is a peninsula, legends and maps depicting California as an island persisted intermittently into the 18th century, indicating that Ulloa was unable to convince explorers or cartographers of his discovery.
References
[edit]- ^ "The Explorers, 1492-1774". San Diego History Center | San Diego, CA | Our City, Our Story. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
Further reading
[edit]- Hernández, Cristina González. "Francisco Ulloa". Real Academia de la Historia (in Spanish).
- Holmes, Maurice G. (1963). From New Spain by Sea to the Californias 1519-1668. Arthur H. Clark. pp. 75–90.
- Howgego, Raymond John, ed. (2003). "Ulloa, Francisco de". Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800. Hordern House. ISBN 1875567364.
- Smith, Gordon (January 8, 1987). "Some Experts Discount Tale of Ghost Ship". Los Angeles Times.
- Smith, Jeff (July 11, 2002). "Dr. Markey Hoodwinked the Historical Society". San Diego Reader.
- Wagner, Henry R.; de Ulloa, Francisco (1924). "California Voyages, 1539-1541: The Voyage of Francisco de Ulloa; The Voyage of Hernando de Alarcon; The Voyage of Francisco de Bolaños". California Historical Society Quarterly. 3 (4): 307–397. doi:10.2307/25613647. ISSN 0008-1175. JSTOR 25613647.
- Wagner, H. R. (1940). "Francisco de Ulloa Returned". California History. 19 (3): 240–244. doi:10.2307/25160889. JSTOR 25160889.
External links
[edit]- Catholic Encyclopedia Francisco de Ulloa
- AmericanJourneys.org Francisco de Ulloa
