Sierra Nevada (Spain): Difference between revisions
RodRabelo7 (talk | contribs) m deprecated |
|||
(10 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown) | |||
Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
| elevation_ref = |
| elevation_ref = |
||
| parent = [[Penibaetic System]] |
| parent = [[Penibaetic System]] |
||
| country = |
| country = Spain |
||
| location = [[Provinces of Spain|Provinces]] of [[province of Granada|Granada]], [[province of Almería|Almería]] and [[province of Málaga|Málaga]] |
| location = [[Provinces of Spain|Provinces]] of [[province of Granada|Granada]], [[province of Almería|Almería]] and [[province of Málaga|Málaga]] |
||
| range = [[Penibaetic System]] |
| range = [[Penibaetic System]] |
||
| map = Spain |
| map = Spain |
||
| map_caption = Location in Spain |
| map_caption = Location in Spain |
||
| coordinates = {{coord|37| |
| coordinates = {{coord|37|3|12|N|3|18|41|W|type:mountain_scale:100000|display=inline,title}} |
||
| region = [[Andalucia]] |
| region = [[Andalucia]] |
||
| topo = |
| topo = |
||
| type = [[Alpine Orogeny|Alpine]] |
| type = [[Alpine Orogeny|Alpine]] |
||
| age = [[Tertiary]] |
| age = [[Tertiary]] |
||
}} |
}} |
||
'''Sierra Nevada''' ({{IPA |
'''Sierra Nevada''' ({{IPA|es|ˈsjera neˈβaða|lang}}; meaning "snow-covered mountain range") is a [[mountain range]] in the [[Andalusia]]n [[province of Granada]] in [[Spain]]. It contains the highest point of continental Spain:<ref name="mainland" group="note">The highest peak in Spanish territory is [[Teide]] on the island of [[Tenerife]] in the [[Canary Islands]], which is politically Spanish but geographically part of Africa.</ref> [[Mulhacén]], at {{convert|3479|m|ft}} [[AMSL|above sea level]]. |
||
It is a popular |
It is a popular tourist destination, as its high peaks make [[skiing]] possible in one of Europe's most southerly [[ski resort]]s, in an area along the [[Mediterranean Sea]] predominantly known for its high temperatures and abundant sunshine. At its foothills is found the city of [[Granada]], and a little further south, [[Almería]] and [[Motril]]. |
||
Parts of the range have been included in the [[Sierra Nevada National Park (Spain)|Sierra Nevada National Park]]. The range has also been declared a [[biosphere reserve]]. The [[Sierra Nevada Observatory]] |
Parts of the range have been included in the [[Sierra Nevada National Park (Spain)|Sierra Nevada National Park]]. The range has also been declared a [[biosphere reserve]]. The [[Sierra Nevada Observatory]], the [[Calar Alto Observatory]], and the [[IRAM 30m telescope]] are located on the northern slopes at an elevation of {{convert|2800|m|ft}}. |
||
==Formation== |
==Formation== |
||
Line 95: | Line 95: | ||
=== Climate === |
=== Climate === |
||
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Sierra Nevada has a [[Mediterranean climate]], with different variations depending on the altitude. Above {{convert|2500|m|ft}} the climate is [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] [[subarctic climate| |
According to the [[Köppen climate classification]], Sierra Nevada has a [[Mediterranean climate]], with different variations depending on the altitude. Above {{convert|2500|m|ft}} the climate is [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]-influenced [[subarctic climate|subarctic]] (Dsc), due to the location's high elevation and low summer precipitation. With June and September being around the threshold of {{convert|10|C|F}} in mean temperature to avoid the subarctic classification, the climate at a slightly lower elevation is [[continental climate|continental]] highland climate. At an elevation slightly lower than that classification area; where February means average above {{convert|-3|C|F}}; it falls into the normal cool-summer mediterranean classification transitioning with the hot-summer variety in surrounding lowland areas. This renders Sierra Nevada's climate a highland cooled-down variety of a typical mediterranean climate. Summer and winter daytime temperatures are some 12 °C lower than found in [[Granada]], differences that are even greater in spring as Sierra Nevada takes longer to approach the short summers. In May daytime highs in Sierra Nevada are around {{convert|4|C|F}} with Granada having an average of {{convert|24|C|F}}. The yearly temperature of {{convert|3.9|C|F}} at the ski station of Pradollano is in stark contrast to [[Granada]]'s {{convert|15.7|C|F}} and coastal [[Málaga]]'s {{convert|18.5|C|F}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=5514&k=and |title=Standard climate values for Granada |publisher=Aemet.es |access-date=5 December 2015 |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208052408/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=5514&k=and |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=6155A&k=and |title=Standard climate values for Málaga |publisher=Aemet.es |access-date=5 December 2015 |archive-date=4 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704212712/http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=6155A&k=and |url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
||
|location = Pradollano Ski Station (1975–1989); {{ |
|location = Pradollano Ski Station (1975–1989); {{cvt|2507|m|ft}} |
||
|metric first = Yes |
|metric first = Yes |
||
|single line = Yes |
|single line = Yes |
||
Line 153: | Line 152: | ||
|Dec precipitation mm = 93.1 |
|Dec precipitation mm = 93.1 |
||
|year precipitation mm = 692.0 |
|year precipitation mm = 692.0 |
||
|source 1 = Phytosociological Research Center<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-prad2.htm|title=Datos climátológicos de Sierra Nevada|publisher=Phytosociological Research Center|language=es}}</ref> |
|source 1 = Phytosociological Research Center<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-prad2.htm |title=Datos climátológicos de Sierra Nevada |publisher=Phytosociological Research Center |language=es |access-date=2011-07-02 |archive-date=2012-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010050952/http://www.ucm.es/info/cif/station/es-prad2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> |
||
|date=6 December 2015 |
|date=6 December 2015 |
||
|source 2 = Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System ([[Complutense University of Madrid]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://webs.ucm.es/info/cif/plot/es-prad2.htm|title=Diagramas Climáticos de Pradollano|publisher=S.Rivas-Martínez, Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas, Madrid.|language=es|date=23 June 2020}}</ref>}} |
|source 2 = Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System ([[Complutense University of Madrid]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://webs.ucm.es/info/cif/plot/es-prad2.htm |title=Diagramas Climáticos de Pradollano |publisher=S.Rivas-Martínez, Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas, Madrid. |language=es |date=23 June 2020 |access-date=23 June 2020 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626075212/https://webs.ucm.es/info/cif/plot/es-prad2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>}} |
||
==Sport== |
==Sport== |
||
Line 167: | Line 166: | ||
File:Rio Poqueira01.jpg|Stone bridge over Rio Poqueira, Sierra Nevada |
File:Rio Poqueira01.jpg|Stone bridge over Rio Poqueira, Sierra Nevada |
||
File:Sierra Nevada Borreguiles 6.jpg|The [[Sierra Nevada Ski Station]] |
File:Sierra Nevada Borreguiles 6.jpg|The [[Sierra Nevada Ski Station]] |
||
File: |
File:The IRAM 30-meter telescope.jpg|[[IRAM 30m telescope|Sierra Nevada Radiotelescope]] |
||
File:Observatorio de Calar Alto, en Gérgal (Almería).jpg|[[Calar Alto Observatory]] |
|||
</gallery> |
</gallery> |
||
Line 187: | Line 187: | ||
===Further reading=== |
===Further reading=== |
||
*{{cite web | |
* {{cite web |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17169 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001040747/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17169 |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2006 |title=Sierra Nevada, Spain |publisher=[[NASA Earth Observatory]] |access-date=28 April 2006}} |
||
== External links == |
== External links == |
||
Line 197: | Line 197: | ||
* [http://www.maps.data-spain.com/autonomous_communities/andalucia/ Maps of the Sierra Nevada] |
* [http://www.maps.data-spain.com/autonomous_communities/andalucia/ Maps of the Sierra Nevada] |
||
* [http://www.nevasport.com/nevablogs/d/la-xvii-semana-deportiva-en-sierra-nevada/1402 nevasport.com] - XVII sport week - Old Pictures |
* [http://www.nevasport.com/nevablogs/d/la-xvii-semana-deportiva-en-sierra-nevada/1402 nevasport.com] - XVII sport week - Old Pictures |
||
*{{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7418 Natural Park Sierra Nevada] |
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEspacio=7418 Natural Park Sierra Nevada] |
||
*{{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEquipamiento=22107 Sulayr] |
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/servtc5/ventana/mostrarFicha.do?idEquipamiento=22107 Sulayr] |
||
{{Ski Spain}} |
{{Ski Spain}} |
Latest revision as of 23:37, 12 August 2024
Sierra Nevada | |
---|---|
Highest point | |
Peak | Mulhacén |
Elevation | 3,479 m (11,414 ft) |
Coordinates | 37°3′12″N 3°18′41″W / 37.05333°N 3.31139°W |
Geography | |
Location | Provinces of Granada, Almería and Málaga |
Country | Spain |
Region | Andalucia |
Parent range | Penibaetic System |
Geology | |
Age of rock | Tertiary |
Mountain type | Alpine |
Sierra Nevada (Spanish: [ˈsjera neˈβaða]; meaning "snow-covered mountain range") is a mountain range in the Andalusian province of Granada in Spain. It contains the highest point of continental Spain:[note 1] Mulhacén, at 3,479 metres (11,414 ft) above sea level.
It is a popular tourist destination, as its high peaks make skiing possible in one of Europe's most southerly ski resorts, in an area along the Mediterranean Sea predominantly known for its high temperatures and abundant sunshine. At its foothills is found the city of Granada, and a little further south, Almería and Motril.
Parts of the range have been included in the Sierra Nevada National Park. The range has also been declared a biosphere reserve. The Sierra Nevada Observatory, the Calar Alto Observatory, and the IRAM 30m telescope are located on the northern slopes at an elevation of 2,800 metres (9,200 ft).
Formation
[edit]The Sierra Nevada was formed during the Alpine Orogeny, a mountain-building event that also formed the European Alps to the east and the Atlas Mountains of northern Africa across the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Sierra as observed today formed during the Paleogene and Neogene Periods (66 to 1.8 million years ago) from the collision of the African and Eurasian continental plates.
Geography
[edit]Central to the mountain range is a ridge running broadly west-south-west - east-north-east. For a substantial distance, the watershed stays consistently above 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). This is sufficient altitude for the peaks to be consistently snow-covered.[1]
On the southern side of the range, several long, narrow river valleys lead off towards the south-west, separated by a number of subsidiary ridges. On the steeper and craggier northern side, the valleys have less regular orientations. This side is dominated by the Rio Genil which starts near Mulhacén and into which many of the other rivers flow.
Geologically, the range is composed chiefly of soft micaceous schists, sloping steeply to the north, but more gradually to the south and south-east.[1]
Highest peaks
[edit]Highest peaks of Sierra Nevada | ||
Peak (> 3,000m) | Height (m) | |
Mulhacén | 3,479 | |
Veleta | 3,398 | |
Alcazaba | 3,371 | |
Cerro los Machos | 3,324 | |
Puntal de Siete Lagunas | 3,248 | |
Puntal de la Caldera | 3,226 | |
Pico de Elorrieta | 3,206 | |
Crestones Río Seco | 3,198 | |
Loma Pelada | 3,187 | |
Cerro Pelado | 3,179 | |
Tajos de la Virgen | 3,160 | |
Tosal del Cartujo | 3,152 | |
Pico de La Atalaya | 3,148 | |
Puntal de Vacares | 3,143 | |
Cerro Rasero | 3,139 | |
Tajos del Nevero | 3,120 | |
Raspones Río Seco | 3,120 | |
Tajos Altos | 3,111 | |
Picón de Jeres | 3,090 | |
Tajo de los Machos | 3,088 | |
Cerrillo Redondo | 3,058 | |
Juego de Bolos | 3,018 | |
Pico del Caballo | 3,011 |
Climate
[edit]According to the Köppen climate classification, Sierra Nevada has a Mediterranean climate, with different variations depending on the altitude. Above 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) the climate is Mediterranean-influenced subarctic (Dsc), due to the location's high elevation and low summer precipitation. With June and September being around the threshold of 10 °C (50 °F) in mean temperature to avoid the subarctic classification, the climate at a slightly lower elevation is continental highland climate. At an elevation slightly lower than that classification area; where February means average above −3 °C (27 °F); it falls into the normal cool-summer mediterranean classification transitioning with the hot-summer variety in surrounding lowland areas. This renders Sierra Nevada's climate a highland cooled-down variety of a typical mediterranean climate. Summer and winter daytime temperatures are some 12 °C lower than found in Granada, differences that are even greater in spring as Sierra Nevada takes longer to approach the short summers. In May daytime highs in Sierra Nevada are around 4 °C (39 °F) with Granada having an average of 24 °C (75 °F). The yearly temperature of 3.9 °C (39.0 °F) at the ski station of Pradollano is in stark contrast to Granada's 15.7 °C (60.3 °F) and coastal Málaga's 18.5 °C (65.3 °F).[2][3]
Climate data for Pradollano Ski Station (1975–1989); 2,507 m (8,225 ft) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.3 (32.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
4.6 (40.3) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
19.8 (67.6) |
14.2 (57.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
2.6 (36.7) |
7.8 (46.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.9 (26.8) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
16.6 (61.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
3.9 (39.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.9 (53.4) |
10.6 (51.1) |
5.7 (42.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 86.7 (3.41) |
91.2 (3.59) |
78.8 (3.10) |
53.8 (2.12) |
53.6 (2.11) |
29.7 (1.17) |
6.1 (0.24) |
11.7 (0.46) |
33.7 (1.33) |
69.0 (2.72) |
85.2 (3.35) |
93.1 (3.67) |
692.0 (27.24) |
Source 1: Phytosociological Research Center[4] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Worldwide Bioclimatic Classification System (Complutense University of Madrid)[5] |
Sport
[edit]Gallery
[edit]-
Sierra Nevada - view from Granada city
-
Landscape south of Pitres
-
Stone bridge over Rio Poqueira, Sierra Nevada
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ The highest peak in Spanish territory is Teide on the island of Tenerife in the Canary Islands, which is politically Spanish but geographically part of Africa.
References
[edit]- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 57.
- ^ "Standard climate values for Granada". Aemet.es. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
- ^ "Standard climate values for Málaga". Aemet.es. Archived from the original on 4 July 2015. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
- ^ "Datos climátológicos de Sierra Nevada" (in Spanish). Phytosociological Research Center. Archived from the original on 2012-10-10. Retrieved 2011-07-02.
- ^ "Diagramas Climáticos de Pradollano" (in Spanish). S.Rivas-Martínez, Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas, Madrid. 23 June 2020. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
Bibliography
[edit]- Francisco Pérez Raya, Joaquín Molero Mesa, Francisco Valle Tendero, 1992: "Parque Natural de Sierra Nevada. Paisaje, fauna, flora, itinerarios". Ed. Rueda. Madrid. ISBN 84-7207-067-0 (Spanish)
- "Flora de la Tundra de Sierra Nevada". Pablo Prieto Fernández, Ed. Universidad de Granada. ISBN 84-600-1810-5 (Spanish)
- "Sierra Nevada: Guía de Montaña". Aurelio del Castillo y Antonio del Castillo. Ed. Penibética, 2003. ISBN 84-932022-3-1 (Spanish)
Further reading
[edit]- "Sierra Nevada, Spain". NASA Earth Observatory. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2006.
External links
[edit]Media related to Sierra Nevada (Spain) at Wikimedia Commons
- Google Maps - Satellite Photo
- (in Spanish) Sierra Nevada Ski Resort - official site
- Sierra Nevada ski resort - trail map
- Maps of the Sierra Nevada
- nevasport.com - XVII sport week - Old Pictures
- (in Spanish) Natural Park Sierra Nevada
- (in Spanish) Sulayr