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Coordinates: 55°34′N 42°02′E / 55.567°N 42.033°E / 55.567; 42.033
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{{Short description|City in Vladimir Oblast, Russia}}
{{For|the ancient Murom Tribe|Volga Finns}}
{{other uses}}

{{Multiple issues|
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{{Infobox Russian city
{{Tone|date=November 2023}}
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{{Expand Russian|topic=geo|date=July 2019}}
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{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Murom
|en_name=Murom
|ru_name=Муром
|ru_name=Муром
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|federal_subject=[[Vladimir Oblast]]
|federal_subject=[[Vladimir Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="VladimirO_admlaw" />
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="VladimirO_admlaw" />
|adm_data_as_of=April 2011
|adm_city_jur=[[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Murom
|adm_city_jur=[[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Murom
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="VladimirO_admlaw" />
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="VladimirO_admlaw" />
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|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="VladimirO_admlist" />
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="VladimirO_admlist" />
|mun_data_as_of=October 2011
|urban_okrug_jur=[[Murom Urban Okrug]]
|urban_okrug_jur=[[Murom Urban Okrug]]
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="VladimirOMuromUO_mun" />
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="VladimirOMuromUO_mun" />
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|website=http://www.murom.info/
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|date=June 2010
}}
}}
'''Murom''' ({{lang-rus|Муром|p=ˈmurəm}}; [[Old Norse]]: ''Moramar'') is a historical [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Vladimir Oblast]], [[Russia]], which sprawls along the left bank of the [[Oka River]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=116,075|p2002=126,901|p1989=124,229}}
'''Murom''' ({{lang-ru|Муром}}, {{IPA|ru|ˈmurəm|IPA}}) is a historical [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Vladimir Oblast]], [[Russia]], which sprawls along the west bank of the [[Oka River]]. It borders [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] and is situated {{convert|137|km}} from the administrative center [[Vladimir, Russia|Vladimir]]. Its population as of the [[2021 Russian census|2021 Census]] was 107,497.


==History==
==History==
In the 9th century AD, the city marked the easternmost settlement of the [[East Slavs]] in the land of the Finnic [[Volga Finns|Muromians]]. The [[Primary Chronicle]] mentions it as early as AD 862.<ref name="pchron">{{cite book | url=http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a011458.pdf | title=The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text | publisher=Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, MA. |author1=Hazzard Cross |author2=Samuel and Sherbowitz-Wetzor |author3=Olgerd P. | year=1953 | pages=59–60}}</ref> It is thus one of the oldest cities in Russia. Circa 900&nbsp;AD, it was an important trading post from [[Volga Bulgaria]] to the [[Baltic Sea]].
In the 9th century AD, the city marked the easternmost settlement of the [[East Slavs]] in the land of the Finnic [[Volga Finns|Muromians]]. The ''[[Primary Chronicle]]'' mentions it as early as AD 862.<ref name="pchron">{{cite book | url=http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/dokumente/a/a011458.pdf | title=The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text | publisher=Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, MA. |author1=Hazzard Cross |author2=Samuel and Sherbowitz-Wetzor |author3=Olgerd P. | year=1953 | pages=59–60}}</ref> It is, thus, one of the oldest cities in Russia. Circa 900&nbsp;AD, it was an important trading post from [[Volga Bulgaria]] to the [[Baltic Sea]].


Between AD 1010 and AD 1393, it was the capital of a separate principality, whose rulers included Saint [[Boris and Gleb|Gleb]], assassinated in AD 1015 and canonized in AD 1071, Saint Prince [[Konstantin of Murom|Konstantin the Blessed]], and [[Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom]], subjects of an [[opera]] by [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|Rimsky-Korsakov]]. It was believed to be the home town of the most celebrated East Slavic [[epic poetry|epic]] hero, [[Ilya Muromets]]. The town has a statue which shows Ilya holding the hilt of his sword in the left hand and a cross in the right.
Between AD 1010 and AD 1393, it was the capital of a separate principality, whose rulers included Saint [[Boris and Gleb|Gleb]], assassinated in AD 1015 and canonized in AD 1071, Saint Prince [[Konstantin of Murom|Konstantin the Blessed]], and [[Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom]], subjects of an [[opera]] by [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov|Rimsky-Korsakov]]. It was believed to be the home town of the most celebrated East Slavic [[epic poetry|epic]] hero, [[Ilya Muromets]]. The town has a statue which shows Ilya holding the hilt of his sword in the left hand and a cross in the right.


On June 30, 1961, Murom was the site of a spontaneous protest and riot against the police and Soviet authorities, following the death in police custody of a senior factory foreman named Kostikov.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mass uprisings in the USSR: protest and rebellion in the post-Stalin years |first1=Vladimir A. |last1=Kozlov |first2=Elaine |last2=McClarnand MacKinnon |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=s1kQQgCMHPIC&q=101+kilometer+law+Soviet&pg=PA193 |isbn=9780765606686 |year=2002 }}</ref>
On June 30, 1961, Murom was the site of a spontaneous protest and riot against the police and Soviet authorities, following the death in police custody of a senior factory foreman named Kostikov.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mass uprisings in the USSR: protest and rebellion in the post-Stalin years |first1=Vladimir A. |last1=Kozlov |first2=Elaine |last2=McClarnand MacKinnon |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=s1kQQgCMHPIC&q=101+kilometer+law+Soviet&pg=PA193 |isbn=9780765606686 |year=2002 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe }}</ref>


==Administrative and municipal status==
==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Murom serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Muromsky District]],<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATOReference|17 244}}</ref> even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="VladimirO_admlist">Resolution #433</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the '''[[City of federal subject significance|City]] of Murom'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Vladimir Oblast|districts]].<ref name="VladimirO_admlaw">Law #130-OZ</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the territory of the City of Murom together with nine [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]] in Muromsky District are incorporated as [[Murom Urban Okrug]].<ref name="VladimirO_admlist" /><ref name="VladimirOMuromUO_mun">Law #53-OZ</ref>
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Murom serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Muromsky District]],<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATOReference|17 244}}</ref> even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="VladimirO_admlist">Resolution #433</ref> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Cit] of Murom — an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Vladimir Oblast|districts]].<ref name="VladimirO_admlaw">Law #130-OZ</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the territory of the City of Murom together with nine [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]] in Muromsky District are incorporated as [[Murom Urban Okrug]].<ref name="VladimirO_admlist" /><ref name="VladimirOMuromUO_mun">Law #53-OZ</ref>

==Economy==
Murom has since 1941 and the [[Great Patriotic War]] against the [[Nazis]] played host to the JSC Murom instrument making plant (MIMP) which produces the means of initiation and ignition of ammunition, as well as various [[pyrotechnic devices]]. It is a subsidiary of [[Rostec State Corporation]].<ref name="jscm">{{cite news |title=JSC "MUROM INSTRUMENT MAKING PLANT" |url=https://www.rstradehouse.com/company?id=100110119836&l=en |access-date=9 July 2023 |publisher=RS Trade}}</ref> The MIMP was sanctioned on 23.06.2023 in the EU's [[Russia–European Union relations#EU sanctions Russia over Ukraine|11th package of sanctions in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tass.com/world/1637213 | title=EU blacklists 71 individuals, 33 companies as part of new anti-Russian sanctions package }}</ref>


==Sights==
==Sights==
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:murom abbeys.jpg|Three historic abbeys in the city center
File:murom abbeys.jpg|Three historic abbeys in the city center
File:Troitsky sobor.jpg|The main church of the Trinity convent (1642-1643)
File:Собор Троицкий площадь Крестьянина, Муром, Владимирская область.jpg|The main church of the Holy Trinity Monastery (1642–1643)
File:Painting_of_Murom_city_by_Ivan_Semenovich_Kulikov_(1914).jpg|Painting by [[Ivan Kulikov]] 1914
File:Painting_of_Murom_city_by_Ivan_Semenovich_Kulikov_(1914).jpg|Painting by [[Ivan Kulikov]] 1914
File:Murom aerial view.jpg|Aerial view of the city in 2014
File:Murom aerial view.jpg|Aerial view of the city in 2014
Line 96: Line 96:
==International relations==
==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}
⚫
Murom is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:

⚫
*{{flagicon|BLR}} [[Babruysk]], Belarus
===Twin towns — Sister cities===
⚫
Murom is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:

* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Most (Most District)|Most]], Czech Republic
⚫
* {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Babruysk]], Belarus


==Notable people==
==Notable people==
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{{Vladimir Oblast}}
{{Vladimir Oblast}}
{{Golden Ring}}
{{Golden Ring}}
{{Gardariki}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}


[[Category:Golden Ring of Russia]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Vladimir Oblast]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Vladimir Oblast]]
[[Category:Muromsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Muromsky Uyezd]]
[[Category:Rus' settlements]]

Revision as of 03:49, 12 August 2024

For other uses, see Murom (disambiguation).
Murom
Муром
City[1]
Murom Transfiguration monastery
Murom Transfiguration monastery
Flag of Murom
Flag
Coat of arms of Murom
Coat of arms
Location of Murom
Map
Murom is located in Russia
Murom
Murom
Location of Murom
Murom is located in Vladimir Oblast
Murom
Murom
Murom (Vladimir Oblast)
Coordinates: 55°34′N 42°02′E / 55.567°N 42.033°E / 55.567; 42.033
CountryRussia
Federal subjectVladimir Oblast[2]
First mentioned862
Government
 • Head[3]Yevgeny Rychkov[3]
Elevation
115 m (377 ft)
Population
 (2010 Census)[4]
 • Total116,075
 • Rank140th in 2010
 • Subordinated toCity of Murom[2]
 • Capital ofMuromsky District,[5] City of Murom[2]
 • Urban okrugMurom Urban Okrug[6]
 • Capital ofMurom Urban Okrug,[6] Muromsky Municipal District[7]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[8])
Postal code(s)[9]
602250
Dialing code(s)+7 49234
OKTMO ID17735000001
Websitewww.murom.info

Murom (Russian: Муром, IPA: [ˈmurəm]) is a historical city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, which sprawls along the west bank of the Oka River. It borders Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and is situated 137 kilometres (85 mi) from the administrative center Vladimir. Its population as of the 2021 Census was 107,497.

History

In the 9th century AD, the city marked the easternmost settlement of the East Slavs in the land of the Finnic Muromians. The Primary Chronicle mentions it as early as AD 862.[10] It is, thus, one of the oldest cities in Russia. Circa 900 AD, it was an important trading post from Volga Bulgaria to the Baltic Sea.

Between AD 1010 and AD 1393, it was the capital of a separate principality, whose rulers included Saint Gleb, assassinated in AD 1015 and canonized in AD 1071, Saint Prince Konstantin the Blessed, and Saints Peter and Fevronia of Murom, subjects of an opera by Rimsky-Korsakov. It was believed to be the home town of the most celebrated East Slavic epic hero, Ilya Muromets. The town has a statue which shows Ilya holding the hilt of his sword in the left hand and a cross in the right.

On June 30, 1961, Murom was the site of a spontaneous protest and riot against the police and Soviet authorities, following the death in police custody of a senior factory foreman named Kostikov.[11]

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Murom serves as the administrative center of Muromsky District,[5] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Cit] of Murom — an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[2] As a municipal division, the territory of the City of Murom together with nine rural localities in Muromsky District are incorporated as Murom Urban Okrug.[1][6]

Economy

Murom has since 1941 and the Great Patriotic War against the Nazis played host to the JSC Murom instrument making plant (MIMP) which produces the means of initiation and ignition of ammunition, as well as various pyrotechnic devices. It is a subsidiary of Rostec State Corporation.[12] The MIMP was sanctioned on 23.06.2023 in the EU's 11th package of sanctions in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[13]

Sights

  • Three historic abbeys in the city center
    Three historic abbeys in the city center
  • The main church of the Holy Trinity Monastery (1642–1643)
    The main church of the Holy Trinity Monastery (1642–1643)
  • Painting by Ivan Kulikov 1914
    Painting by Ivan Kulikov 1914
  • Aerial view of the city in 2014
    Aerial view of the city in 2014

Murom still retains many marks of antiquity. The Savior monastery, one of the most ancient in Russia, was first chronicled in 1096, when Oleg of Chernigov besieged it and killed Vladimir Monomakh's son Izyaslav, who is buried there. In 1552, the monastery was visited by Ivan the Terrible who commissioned a stone cathedral, which was followed by other churches.

The Trinity convent, where the relics of Sts. Peter and Fevronia are displayed, features a fine cathedral (1642–1643), Kazan church (1652), a bell-tower (1652), a wooden church of St. Sergius, and stone walls. It is rivaled by the Annunciation Monastery, founded in the reign of Ivan the Terrible to house the relics of local princes and containing a cathedral from 1664. Two last-mentioned cathedrals, being probably the works of the same masters, have much in common with the Resurrection Church (1658) in the downtown. Quite different is the tent-like church of Sts. Cosmas and Damian, built in 1565 on the bank of the Oka to commemorate the Russian conquest of Kazan.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Murom is twinned with:

Notable people

Among notable natives are the father of color photography, Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863), the painter Ivan Kulikov[14](1875) and the father of television, Vladimir Zworykin (1888) and Russian physicist Igor Irodov.

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Resolution #433
  2. ^ a b c d Law #130-OZ
  3. ^ a b Official website of Murom Urban Okrug. Yevgeny Rychkov, Head of the Urban Okrug Archived March 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
  4. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  5. ^ a b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 17 244», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 17 244, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  6. ^ a b c Law #53-OZ
  7. ^ Law #58-OZ
  8. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  9. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  10. ^ Hazzard Cross; Samuel and Sherbowitz-Wetzor; Olgerd P. (1953). The Russian Primary Chronicle: Laurentian Text (PDF). Medieval Academy of America, Cambridge, MA. pp. 59–60.
  11. ^ Kozlov, Vladimir A.; McClarnand MacKinnon, Elaine (2002). Mass uprisings in the USSR: protest and rebellion in the post-Stalin years. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 9780765606686.
  12. ^ "JSC "MUROM INSTRUMENT MAKING PLANT"". RS Trade. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
  13. ^ "EU blacklists 71 individuals, 33 companies as part of new anti-Russian sanctions package".
  14. ^ Brief biography and appreciation Archived 2013-01-10 at archive.today @ the Museum of Nizhny Novgorod State University

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Murom.
  • Законодательное Собрание Владимирской области. Закон №130-ОЗ от 10 декабря 2001 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Владимирской области и о порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №22-ОЗ от 18 марта 2014 г. «О признании утратившими силу части 1 статьи 15 Закона Владимирской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Владимирской области и о порядке его изменения" и пункта 3 статьи 1 Закона Владимирской области "О внесении изменений в Закон Владимирской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Владимирской области и о порядке его изменения"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (13 декабря 2001 г.). Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №232, 13 декабря 2001 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #130-OZ of December 10, 2001 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vladimir Oblast and on Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Law #22-OZ of March 18, 2014 On Abrogating Part 1 of Article 15 of the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vladimir Oblast and on Procedures for Its Change" and Item 3 of Article 1 of the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On Amending the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vladimir Oblast and on Procedures for Its Change". Effective as of the day of the official publication (December 13, 2001).).
  • Администрация Владимирской области. Постановление №433 от 13 июня 2007 г. «О реестре административно-территориальных образований и единиц Владимирской области», в ред. Постановления №169 от 5 марта 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в Постановление Губернатора области от 13.06.2007 №433 "О реестре административно-территориальных образований и единиц Владимирской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №114, 20 июня 2007 г. (Administration of Vladimir Oblast. Resolution #433 of June 13, 2007 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations and Units of Vladimir Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #169 of March 5, 2015 On Amending Resolution #433 of the Oblast Governor of June 13, 2007 "On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations and Units of Vladimir Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Владимирской области. Закон №53-ОЗ от 11 мая 2005 г. «О наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования округ Муром и установлении его границы», в ред. Закона №85-ОЗ от 12 октября 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Приложения 1 и 2 к Закону Владимирской области "О наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования округ Муром и установлении его границы"». Вступил в силу 17 мая 2005 г. Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №156–157, 17 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #53-OZ of May 11, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the Okrug of Murom and on Establishing Its Border, as amended by the Law #85-OZ of October 12, 2011 On Amending Appendices 1 and 2 to the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the Okrug of Murom and on Establishing Its Border". Effective as of May 17, 2005.).
  • Законодательное Собрание Владимирской области. Закон №58-ОЗ от 13 мая 2005 г. «О наделении соответствующим статусом вновь образованного муниципального образования Муромский район и вновь образованных муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав, и установлении их границ», в ред. Закона №115-ОЗ от 10 августа 2009 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Владимирской области "О наделении соответствующим статусом вновь образованного муниципального образования Муромский район и вновь образованных муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав, и установлении их границ"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (18 мая 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №№158–165, 18 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #58-OZ of May 13, 2005 On Granting an Appropriate Status to the Newly Established Municipal Formation of Muromsky District and to the Newly Established Municipal Formations Which Comprise It, and on Establishing Their Borders, as amended by the Law #115-OZ of August 10, 2009 On Amending the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On Granting an Appropriate Status to the Newly Established Municipal Formation of Muromsky District and to the Newly Established Municipal Formations Which Comprise It, and on Establishing Their Borders". Effective as of the day of the official publication (May 18, 2005).).

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