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Hurricane Dennis#Jamaica

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+#redirect [[Hurricane Dennis#Jamaica]]
-{{Short description|none}}
-<noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Hurricane Dennis in Jamaica|2=Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Tropical cyclones#Requested move: new title convention for Effects of (tropical cyclone) in (region) articles}}
-</noinclude>{{Infobox weather event
-| name = Hurricane Dennis
-| image = Dennis 2005-07-07 1550Z.jpg
-| caption = Hurricane Dennis passing between Jamaica and Haiti on July&nbsp;7
-| duration = July 7–8, 2005
-}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS
-| winds = 100
-| pressure = 957
-}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
-| year = 2005
-| fatalities = 1 total
-| damage = 34500000
-| damage-prefix = At least&nbsp;
-| areas = [[Jamaica]]
-| refs =
-}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
-| season = [[2005 Atlantic hurricane season]]
-| related = {{Hurricane Dennis related}}
-}}
-In early July&nbsp;2005, [[Hurricane Dennis]] brushed [[Jamaica]], bringing torrential rain and damaging floods to the island nation. Forming from a [[tropical depression]] on July&nbsp;4, Dennis began impacting Jamaica three days later. Approximately 6,000&nbsp;people evacuated from coastal and flood-prone areas prior to the storm's arrival while relief agencies allocated resources for recovery operations. Passing northeast of the island, impact from Dennis stemmed primarily from rainfall—accumulations peaked at {{convert|24.54|in|mm|abbr=on}} and reached [[Return period|1-in-50&nbsp;year event]] levels. Widespread flooding and landslides damaged homes and isolated communities. [[Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica|Saint Thomas]] and [[Portland Parish|Portland]] Parishes were hardest-hit; hundreds required evacuation as multiple rivers burst their banks.
+{{redirect from merge}}
-Overall, 209,000&nbsp;people were affected with 6,000&nbsp;households requesting assistance. A week after Dennis, [[Hurricane Emily (2005)|Hurricane Emily]] brought further rain to the island, exacerbating damage. Their combined effects damaged or destroyed 440&nbsp;homes with total losses reaching [[Jamaican dollar|J$]]5.976&nbsp;billion (US$96.87&nbsp;million), of which at least J$2.128&nbsp;billion (US$34.5&nbsp;million) can be attributed to Dennis alone. One person died due to flooding. Relief operations began before the hurricane subsided, and international communities provided further aid. The overall effects of Dennis were limited and the nation's economy sustained no major ramifications.
-==Background and preparations==
-{{storm path|Dennis 2005 track.png}}
-On July&nbsp;4, 2005, the [[National Hurricane Center]] classified a [[tropical depression]] near the [[Windward Islands]]. This system moved briskly to the west-northwest, becoming Tropical Storm ''Dennis'' the following day. Taking advantage of highly favorable environmental factors, such as low [[wind shear]] and high [[sea surface temperature]]s, Dennis [[rapid deepening|rapidly intensified]]. By July&nbsp;6, the system reached hurricane strength as it began traversing the [[Jamaica Channel]]. Around 18:00&nbsp;[[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]] on July&nbsp;7, the hurricane passed {{convert|30|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} northeast of [[Port Antonio]]—{{convert|60|mi|km|abbr=on|round=5}} northeast of [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]—with [[maximum sustained wind]]s of {{convert|120|mph|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}—a [[Category 3 hurricane|Category&nbsp;3]] on the [[Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale]]. The system subsequently [[Landfall|struck]] Cuba as a [[Category 4 hurricane|Category&nbsp;4]] twice before moving over the [[Gulf of Mexico]]. It ultimately moved inland over [[Florida]] as a Category&nbsp;3 on July&nbsp;10 and dissipated over the [[Great Lakes]] eight days later.<ref name="TCR">{{cite report|author=Jack L. Beven|publisher=[[National Hurricane Center]]|date=September 9, 2014|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Hurricane Dennis|series=Tropical Cyclone Report|url={{NHC TCR url|id=AL042005_Dennis}}|format=PDF|location=Miami, Florida}}</ref>
-Late on July&nbsp;5, the [[Government of Jamaica]] issued a [[hurricane watch]] for the nation as Dennis intensified over the eastern Caribbean. This was upgraded to a [[Tropical cyclone warnings and watches|hurricane warning]] early on July&nbsp;6. The warning remained in place for 48&nbsp;hours as the hurricane brushed the island, being discontinued on July&nbsp;8 as Dennis moved over northern Cuba and no longer posed a direct threat to Jamaica.<ref name="TCR"/>
-Following the issuance of the hurricane warning, Jamaica's National Emergency Operations Center and Parish Emergency Operations Center were activated.<ref name="JamaicaRW1"/> At the behest of Jamaica's [[Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management]], the [[Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency]] allocated resources to assist the nation following the passage of Dennis.<ref>{{cite web|agency=[[Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency]]|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 6, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Jamaica: CDERA activates its Regional Response Mechanism|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-cdera-activates-its-regional-response-mechanism|location=Barbados}}</ref> The [[Jamaican Red Cross]] also notified its branches of the storm,<ref>{{cite web|agency=[[International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies]]|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 6, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Caribbean: Hurricane Dennis Information Bulletin No. 1|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/haiti/caribbean-hurricane-dennis-information-bulletin-no-1}}</ref> placing personnel and volunteers on standby on July&nbsp;7.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Jamaica Red Cross|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 7, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Jamaica Red Cross prepares on all levels for Hurricane Dennis|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-red-cross-prepares-all-levels-hurricane-dennis}}</ref> The [[Jamaica Defence Force|Jamaica Defence Force Coast Guard]] assisted with evacuations of [[Pedro Bank]] and [[Morant Cays]]. Shelters prepped for opening by the evening of July&nbsp;6 and [[Norman Manley International Airport]] ceased operations at 04:00&nbsp;UTC (11:00&nbsp;p.m. [[UTC−05:00|local time]]) and [[Sangster International Airport]] following soon thereafter.<ref name="JamaicaRW1">{{cite web|agency=[[Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency]]|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 6, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Hurricane Dennis Advisory #1 – Hurricane Dennis threatens Jamaica|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/hurricane-dennis-advisory-1-hurricane-dennis-threatens-jamaica}}</ref><ref name="JamaicaRW2">{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 7, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Jamaica: Statement on hurricane Dennis the Most Hon. P.J. Patterson|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-statement-hurricane-dennis-most-hon-pj-patterson}}</ref>
-By July&nbsp;7, 30&nbsp;shelters opened across five [[Parishes of Jamaica|parishes]],<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 7, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Jamaica: Gov't. prepared for hurricane Dennis – Agencies collaborating|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-govt-prepared-hurricane-dennis-agencies-collaborating|location=Kingston, Jamaica}}</ref> with at least 793&nbsp;people using their services.<ref name="JamaicaRW3"/> Some officials complained that residents refused to evacuate.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=July 9, 2005|access-date=November 23, 2015|title=Hurricane Dennis kills 10 in Cuba|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4659163.stm}}</ref> However, as the storm impacted the island this number dramatically increased to 6,000&nbsp;people with shelters open in all parishes.<ref name="JamaicaRW6">{{cite web|agency=[[Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency]]|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 8, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Hurricane Dennis Sitrep #1 – Hurricane Dennis dumps torrential rain on Jamaica|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/hurricane-dennis-sitrep-1-hurricane-dennis-dumps-torrential-rain-jamaica}}</ref> Approximately [[Jamaican dollar|J$]]25&nbsp;million (US$405,000) was made available for relief operations through the nation's Disaster Mitigation Programme. An additional J$20&nbsp;million (US$324,000) was allocated for clearing drains in preparation for heavy rain.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 7, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Jamaica: Flood prone areas to be given special attention – Dr. Carby|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-flood-prone-areas-be-given-special-attention-dr-carby|location=Kingston, Jamaica}}</ref>
-==Impact==
-[[File:Dennis 2005-07-06 1505Z.jpg|thumb|right|Tropical Storm Dennis organizing over the Caribbean Sea, south of [[Hispaniola]], on July&nbsp;6]]
-Hurricane Dennis brought torrential rainfall to most of Jamaica, which already experienced above-average rainfall since April,<ref name="DenEmRpt"/> as it brushed the island to the northeast. Many places recorded over {{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain,<ref name="TCR"/> with the highest totals occurring across the [[Blue Mountains (Jamaica)|Blue Mountains]]; accumulations peaked at {{convert|24.54|in|mm|abbr=on}} in [[Mavis Bank]].<ref name="TCR"/> One-hour rainfall rates reached {{convert|65|mm|in|abbr=on|disp=flip}} in this location with a twenty-four-hour peak of {{convert|497.6|mm|in|abbr=on|disp=flip}}. The latter value equates to a [[return period|1-in-50&nbsp;year event]] for the town and was 1,005% of the 30-year mean. Rainfall in [[Constant Spring, Jamaica|Constant Spring]] reached 1-in-25&nbsp;year levels.<ref name="DenEmRpt"/> Sustained winds in Montego Bay peaked at {{convert|69|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}, equivalent to a strong tropical storm.<ref name="TCR"/> Norman Manley International Airport in Kingston observed peak winds of {{convert|37|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} with a gust to {{convert|45|mph|km/h|abbr=on}}. These winds downed trees and power lines, leaving roughly 100,000&nbsp;customers without electricity; however, overall wind damage was minimal. Several homes and business lost their roofs.<ref name="DenEmRpt"/>
-[[Saint Thomas Parish, Jamaica|Saint Thomas Parish]] suffered widespread flooding as multiple rivers burst their banks. The first to flood was the [[Yallahs River]].<ref name="JamaicaRW2"/> A bridge spanning the river was severely damaged.<ref name="JO4">{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=September 8, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Work underway for reconstruction of Yallahs Bridge|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/87851_Work-underway-for-reconstruction-of-Yallahs-Bridge|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127063332/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/87851_Work-underway-for-reconstruction-of-Yallahs-Bridge|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The nearby [[Mundicot River]] prompted multiple evacuations in [[Yallahs]] while [[Johnson River (Jamaica)|Johnson River]] flooded much of [[Seaforth, Jamaica|Seaforth]].<ref name="JamaicaRW4"/> Evacuations also took place in [[Bull Bay]] where graves were unearthed.<ref name="JamaicaRW3"/><ref name="JO1"/> Sixty-seven homes in the Taylor Land subdivision of Bull Bay were affected, prompting a proposal to relocate residents elsewhere to avoid future damage.<ref>{{cite news|author=Claudienne Edwards|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 15, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=KSAC lobbying for $50-m drain fund|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/84203_KSAC-lobbying-for--50-m-drain-fund|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127034708/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/84203_KSAC-lobbying-for--50-m-drain-fund|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Overflow from tributaries of the [[Cane River (Jamaica)|Cane River]] inundated multiple villages, leaving many isolated.<ref name="JamaicaRW4">{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 7, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Jamaica: Hurricane Dennis – News release #14|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-hurricane-dennis-news-release-14}}</ref> One person drowned after being swept away in the [[Negro River (Jamaica)|Negro River]]; his body was recovered three days later.<ref>{{cite web|agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 10, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Hurricane Dennis kills one in Jamaica, thousands still marooned|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/hurricane-dennis-kills-one-jamaica-thousands-still-marooned|location=Montego Bay, Jamaica}}</ref> Approximately 200&nbsp;homes in the parish suffered inundation—including several illegally built structures which were destroyed—with residents reporting maximum flood depths of {{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The community of [[Eight Miles, Jamaica|Eight Miles]] remained under {{convert|4|ft|m|abbr=on}} a day after the hurricane's passage. The severity of flooding was blamed on poor building and maintenance of retaining walls along gullies.<ref name="JO1">{{cite news|author=Erica Virtue|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 10, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Uprooted graves, lots of mud in St Thomas|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83867_Uprooted-graves--lots-of-mud-in-St-Thomas|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127070640/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83867_Uprooted-graves--lots-of-mud-in-St-Thomas|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-Landslides in [[Portland Parish]] rendered roads impassable and damaged many homes.<ref name="JamaicaRW4"/><ref name="JamaicaRW7"/> A bridge spanning the [[Rio Grande (Jamaica)|Rio Grande]], connecting eastern and western sides of the parish, was severely damaged.<ref name="JamaicaRW7">{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 11, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: Dennis damaged farms, houses, roads in Portland|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-dennis-damaged-farms-houses-roads-portland|location=Port Antonio, Jamaica}}</ref> The severed connection left 500&nbsp;people temporarily isolated. Elsewhere along the river, three homes and two stores were swept away.<ref>{{cite news|author=Taneisha Davidson|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 10, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Portland badly affected|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83866_Portland-badly-affected|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126232019/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83866_Portland-badly-affected|archive-date=November 26, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> A landslide in [[Mill Bank, Jamaica|Mill Bank]] destroyed eight homes.<ref name="JO3">{{cite news|author=Everard Owen|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 31, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Mill Bank 'a disaster area'|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/85191_Mill-Bank--a-disaster-area-|location=Mill Bank, Jamaica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127073106/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/85191_Mill-Bank--a-disaster-area-|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Agriculture sustained significant damage, with effects compounded by the quick succession of Dennis and [[Hurricane Emily (2005)|Emily]] a week apart.<ref name="DenEmRpt"/> Along the Rio Grande, the entire banana crop was lost.<ref>{{cite news|author=Carl Gilchrist|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 12, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Another blow to bananas|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/84035_Another-blow-to-bananas|location=Port Maria, Jamaica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127052750/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/84035_Another-blow-to-bananas|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The two storms wrecked {{convert|626|ha|abbr=on}} of crops and killed 4,330&nbsp;livestock, mostly chickens, at a cost of J$250&nbsp;million (US$4.05&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 28, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: Portland Farmers Lose $250 Million to Dennis and Emily|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-portland-farmers-lose-250-million-dennis-and-emily|location=Port Antonio, Jamaica}}</ref>
-[[File:Dennis 2005-07-07 2115Z.jpg|thumb|left|Hurricane Dennis intensifying between Jamaica and Cuba on July&nbsp;7]]
-Two homes along the [[Mamee River]] in [[Saint Andrew Parish, Jamaica|Saint Andrew Parish]] were swept away while other residents in mountainous areas of the parish were stranded by landslides.<ref name="JamaicaRW3">{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 7, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Jamaica: Hurricane Dennis – News release #15|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-hurricane-dennis-news-release-15}}</ref> Multiple residents became trapped within [[Gordon Town, Jamaica|Gordon Town]] and hazardous weather hampered their rescue.<ref name="JamaicaRW4"/> A bridge in [[Mahoneyvale]] was destroyed.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 7, 2005|access-date=November 22, 2015|title=Jamaica: Hurricane Dennis – News release #13|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-hurricane-dennis-news-release-13}}</ref> During the pre-dawn hours of July&nbsp;9, the Annotto, Pencar, and Motherford rivers burst their banks in [[Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica|Saint Mary Parish]]; more than 500&nbsp;people relocated from their homes in [[Annotto Bay]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Carl Gilchrist|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 9, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Three rivers flood Annotto Bay|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83851_Three-rivers-flood-Annotto-Bay|location=Annotto Bay, Jamaica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127004253/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83851_Three-rivers-flood-Annotto-Bay|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Flooding took place across much of [[Saint Catherine Parish]] with eight people requiring rescue.<ref name="JamaicaRW6"/><ref>{{cite web|agency=Caribbean Red Cross Societies|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 18, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=UNICEF partners with Jamaica Red Cross in disaster relief to rescue children|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/unicef-partners-jamaica-red-cross-disaster-relief-rescue-children}}</ref> The Cobrun Gully submerged several homes in [[Bushy Park, Jamaica|Bushy Park]].<ref>{{cite news|author=John Tavares|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 9, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=St Catherine, Clarendon districts take battering from flood waters|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83849_St-Catherine--Clarendon-districts-take-battering-from-flood-waters|location=Nightingale Grove, Jamaica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125170539/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83849_St-Catherine--Clarendon-districts-take-battering-from-flood-waters|archive-date=November 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Eastern areas of [[Clarendon Parish, Jamaica|Clarendon Parish]] experienced significant flooding, with several communities cut-off or inundated. A [[sink hole]] in [[Halse Hall]] engulfed 35&nbsp;homes.<ref name="JO2"/> An oil tank overflowed due to heavy rain at a [[Petrojam]] Refinery in [[Kingston Harbour]] resulting in a minor [[oil spill]]. Petrojam crews cleaned the spill within a day.<ref name="JamaicaRW5">{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 8, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: Hurricane Dennis – News release #18|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-hurricane-dennis-news-release-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 9, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Oil spill blamed on heavy rains from Dennis|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83853_Oil-spill-blamed-on-heavy-rains-from-Dennis|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127051703/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83853_Oil-spill-blamed-on-heavy-rains-from-Dennis|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Some streets in downtown Kingston were flooded.<ref>{{cite news|author=Karyl Walker|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 8, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Flooded 11 Miles cuts off St Thomas, Kingston|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83799_Flooded-11-Miles-cuts-off-St-Thomas--Kingston|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125165031/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83799_Flooded-11-Miles-cuts-off-St-Thomas--Kingston|archive-date=November 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Effects in [[Trelawny Parish]] were relatively limited, with J$16&nbsp;million (US$259,000) in agricultural damage.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 29, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: Trelawny farmers lose $16 million in crops and livestock|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-trelawny-farmers-lose-16-million-crops-and-livestock|location=Ocho Rios, Jamaica}}</ref>
-In all, an estimated 209,000&nbsp;people were affected to varying degrees across 121&nbsp;communities in the nation. Approximately 6,000&nbsp;households—an estimated 22,000&nbsp;people—reported need for assistance; the combined effects of Dennis and Emily left 49&nbsp;homes destroyed and 391&nbsp;damaged. Associated losses reached J$100&nbsp;million (US$1.62&nbsp;million) from Dennis. The agricultural industry sustained extensive losses, with {{convert|610|ha|abbr=on}} damaged and nearly 160,000&nbsp;livestock, primarily chickens, killed.<ref name="DenEmRpt">{{cite report|publisher=Planning Institute of Jamaica|date=August 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Assessment of the Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact of Hurricanes Dennis and Emily on Jamaica|url=http://www.pioj.gov.jm/portals/0/sustainable_development/dennis%20emily%20report.pdf|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125174915/http://www.pioj.gov.jm/portals/0/sustainable_development/dennis%20emily%20report.pdf|archive-date=November 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The rapid succession of Dennis and Emily makes differentiating damage between them difficult. Collectively, the two storms wrought J$5.976&nbsp;billion (US$96.87&nbsp;million) in damage, primarily stemming from infrastructure,<ref name="DenEmRpt"/> of which at least J$2.128&nbsp;billion (US$34.5&nbsp;million) can be attributed to Dennis alone.<ref name="ODPEM">{{cite report|publisher=Office of Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management|date=n.d.|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Hurricane Dennis Damage Assessment|url=http://www.odpem.org.jm/Portals/0/Mitigation_Preparedness/Damage%20Assessment/Hurricane%20Dennis%20Damage%20Assessment.pdf|format=PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125234300/http://www.odpem.org.jm/Portals/0/Mitigation_Preparedness/Damage%20Assessment/Hurricane%20Dennis%20Damage%20Assessment.pdf|archive-date=November 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 27, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: Resources to be reallocated to assist farmers|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-resources-be-reallocated-assist-farmers|location=Kingston, Jamaica}}</ref>
-==Aftermath==
-Distribution of relief supplies began on July&nbsp;7.<ref name="JamaicaRW3"/> Isolated communities across Saint Andrew, Saint Thomas, and Portland Parishes received airlifted aid the following day.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 10, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: Hurricane Dennis – News release #21|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-hurricane-dennis-news-release-21}}</ref> Residents in [[Cascade, Jamaica|Cascade]] required evacuation by airlift and Mill Bank was declared a [[disaster area]].<ref name="JO3"/><ref name="JO2">{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 10, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Thousands marooned|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83921_Thousands-marooned|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127024005/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83921_Thousands-marooned|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> A previously defunct railway bridge—the {{convert|500|ft|m|abbr=on}} St. Margaret's Bay bridge—in Portland Parish, not in use since the 1980s, was repaired at a cost of J$26&nbsp;million (US$421,000) and re-opened on July&nbsp;30 to enable travel after the Rio Grande bridge was damaged.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 12, 2015|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: NWA to repair railway bridge in Portland|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-nwa-repair-railway-bridge-portland|location=Port Antonio, Jamaica}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=August 3, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=St Margaret's Bay bridge opens|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/85343_St-Margaret-s-Bay-bridge-opens|location=St Margaret's Bay, Jamaica|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127071521/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/85343_St-Margaret-s-Bay-bridge-opens|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Residents in the parish were also advised to temporarily boil or bleach water to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases due to contaminated supplies.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 14, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: Residents of Portland advised to treat drinking water|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-residents-portland-advised-treat-drinking-water|location=Port Antonio, Jamaica}}</ref> The [[Salvation Army]] assisted with relief efforts.<ref>{{cite web|work=Government of Jamaica|publisher=ReliefWeb|date=July 15, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Jamaica: Food, beds and blankets being distributed to Hurricane victims in Portland|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/jamaica/jamaica-food-beds-and-blankets-being-distributed-hurricane-victims-portland|location=Port Antonio, Jamaica}}</ref> Efforts to repair and restore damaged roadways reached J$405&nbsp;million (US$6.56&nbsp;million).<ref name="DenEmRpt"/> The [[Leader of the Opposition (Jamaica)|Leader of the Opposition]] party requested the Jamaican government release J$500&nbsp;million (US$8.1&nbsp;million) for immediate relief; however, Prime Minister [[P. J. Patterson]] rejected the proposal.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 14, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Gov't rejects Opposition's hurricane relief proposal|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/84148_Gov-t-rejects-Opposition-s-hurricane-relief-proposal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127055658/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/84148_Gov-t-rejects-Opposition-s-hurricane-relief-proposal|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Joseph Hibbert (Jamaican politician)|Joseph Hibbert]] further criticized the government for inadequately maintaining roads, citing a lack of maintenance contracts which is how such work is carried out in the nation.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 17, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Hibbert bashes gov't response to storms|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/84298_Hibbert-bashes-gov-t-response-to-storms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127002828/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/84298_Hibbert-bashes-gov-t-response-to-storms|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Although the Government of Jamaica indicated it would not request international assistance,<ref name="DenEmRpt"/> the [[Government of Cuba]] provided 11&nbsp;tons of supplies and Venezuela offered support.<ref name="JamaicaRW5"/><ref>{{cite news|author=Taneisha Davidson|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=July 8, 2005|access-date=November 24, 2015|title=Caricom, Venezuela, Cuba ready to help, says PM|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83794_Caricom--Venezuela--Cuba-ready-to-help--says-PM|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125173041/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/83794_Caricom--Venezuela--Cuba-ready-to-help--says-PM|archive-date=November 25, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
-[[WINDALCO]] reported a loss of 10,000&nbsp;tons of aluminum due to flooding. Manufacturing companies reported J$18.3&nbsp;million (US$296,000) in losses, primarily from suspended operations.<ref name="DenEmRpt"/> In November, the [[Jamaica Labour Party]] sought J$3.2&nbsp;billion (US$51.8&nbsp;million) in additional funding to repair roads damaged by Hurricanes Ivan, Dennis, Emily, and Wilma.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=November 19, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=JLP mayors want $3.2 billion for road repairs in 12 parishes|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/92799_JLP-mayors-want--3-2-billion-for-road-repairs-in-12-parishes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127003015/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/92799_JLP-mayors-want--3-2-billion-for-road-repairs-in-12-parishes|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The following month, the Jamaica Agricultural Society received J$5.5&nbsp;million (US$88,266) from the Japanese embassy to assist 500&nbsp;farmers in Portland Parish.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tyrone S. Reid|newspaper=[[The Jamaica Observer]]|date=December 22, 2005|access-date=November 26, 2015|title=Japanese Embassy assisting over 500 farmers|url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/95096_Japanese-Embassy-assisting-over-500-farmers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127002257/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/95096_Japanese-Embassy-assisting-over-500-farmers|archive-date=November 27, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The long-term effects of Dennis were limited, with nearly every economic sector returning to normal within a few months. The only exceptions were exports of banana and coffee crops, both of which were still recovering from [[Hurricane Ivan]] in 2004. Overall implications to the nation's [[gross domestic product]] were negligible, merely flat-lining growth rather than causing decline. However, in combination with the effects of a drought early in 2005, [[inflation]] values required adjustment upwards from 9% to 14.3%.<ref name="DenEmRpt"/>
-==See also==
-{{Portal|Tropical cyclones}}
-*[[Hurricane Ivan|Hurricane Ivan (2004)]]
-*[[Hurricane Emily (2005)]]
-*[[2005 Atlantic hurricane season]]
-==References==
-{{Reflist|30em}}
-==External links==
-*[http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2005/DENNIS.shtml The National Hurricane Center's advisory archive] for Hurricane Dennis
-*{{NHC TCR url|id=AL042005_Dennis|title=The National Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Report}} for Hurricane Dennis
-{{Dennis series}}
-{{Good article}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Effects Of Hurricane Dennis In Jamaica}}
-[[Category:2005 in Jamaica]]
-[[Category:Effects of tropical cyclones|Dennis Jamaica]]
-[[Category:Hurricane Dennis]]
-[[Category:Hurricanes in Jamaica|Dennis]]
-[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2005|Dennis Jamaica]]