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{{Short description|American sprinter (1930–2018)}}
{{Infobox athlete
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Arthur "Art" George Bragg
| name = Arthur "Art" George Bragg
| image =
| image =
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| caption =
| caption =
| nationality =[[United States|American]]
| sport = [[Running]]
| sport = [[Running]]
| event = [[100 meters]], [[200 meters]]
| event = [[100 meters]], [[200 meters]]
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| collegeteam = Morgan State Bears
| collegeteam = Morgan State Bears
| birth_date ={{Birth date|mf=yes|1930|12|3}}
| birth_date ={{Birth date|mf=yes|1930|12|3}}
| birth_place = Baltimore, Md, [[United States]]
| birth_place = [[Baltimore, Maryland]], U.S.
| residence =
| residence =
| death_date =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|8|25|1930|12|3}}
| death_place =
| death_place =
| height = 1.75 m
| height = 1.75 m
| weight = 70 kg><ref name="sportsref">http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/br/art-bragg-1.html Art Bragg, sports-reference.com.</ref>
| weight = 70 kg<ref name="sportsref">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418011551/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/br/art-bragg-1.html Art Bragg at Sports Reference] Art Bragg, sports-reference.com.</ref>
| pb = '''100&nbsp;y''': {{0}}9.4 s (1954)<ref>R L Quercetani & G Pallicca, "A World History of Sprint Racing 1850-2005", SEP Editrice Srl, 2006, p 279.</ref><br>
| pb = '''100&nbsp;y''': {{0}}9.4 s (1954)<ref>R L Quercetani & G Pallicca, "A World History of Sprint Racing 1850-2005", SEP Editrice Srl, 2006, p 279.</ref><br>
'''100&nbsp;m''': 10.3 s (1953)<br>
'''100&nbsp;m''': 10.3 s (1953)<br>
'''220&nbsp;y''': 20.8 s (1951)<br>
'''220&nbsp;y''': 20.8 s (1951)<br>
'''200&nbsp;m''';21.2 s (1950)<ref name="sportsref"/><br>
'''200&nbsp;m''';21.2 s (1950)<ref name="sportsref"/>
}}
}}


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{{MedalBottom}}
{{MedalBottom}}


'''Arthur "Art" George Bragg''' (born December 3, 1930) is an [[United States|American]] [[Track and field athletics|sprinter]] who competed in the [[1952 Summer Olympics]].
'''Arthur "Art" George Bragg''' (December 3, 1930 &ndash; August 25, 2018)<ref name="Obituary">[http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/olympics/bs-sp-obit-bragg-20180828-story.html Art Bragg's obituary]</ref> was an American [[Track and field athletics|sprinter]] who competed in the [[1952 Summer Olympics]].


== Career ==
== Career ==


He was born in [[Baltimore]] and attended Baltimore's [[Morgan State College]].<ref name="hoff">http://www.morganstatebears.com/hof.aspx?hof=16&path=&kiosk= Morgans State Bears, Hall of Fame. Retrieved 27 August 2012.</ref>,
He was born in [[Baltimore]] and attended Baltimore's [[Morgan State College]].,<ref name="hoff">http://www.morganstatebears.com/hof.aspx?hof=16&path=&kiosk= Morgans State Bears, Hall of Fame. Retrieved 27 August 2012.</ref>


In 1952 he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the [[Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metres|Olympic 100 metres event]]. Running with a pulled muscle, he finished 'a miserable last' in his race.<ref>Duncanson, Neil, "The Fastest Men on Earth", Andre Deutsch, 2011, p 114.</ref> Bragg was considered the favourite for the title having won the [[United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|USA Olympic Trials]] 100m in the absence, through injury, of the man judged to be the best American sprinter, [[Jim Golliday]]. Bragg also tried to qualify for the 200 m event but was only fourth in his semi-final at the Olympic Trials.<ref name="usaot">http://www.usatf.org/statistics/champions/OlympicTrials/HistoryOfTheOlympicTrials.pdf The History of the United States Olympic Trials - Track & Field, R Hymans, USA Track & Field, 2008</ref>
In 1952 he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the [[Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics - Men's 100 metres|Olympic 100 metres event]]. Running with a pulled muscle, he finished 'a miserable last' in his race.<ref>Duncanson, Neil, "The Fastest Men on Earth", Andre Deutsch, 2011, p 114.</ref> Bragg was considered the favourite for the title having won the [[United States Olympic Trials (track and field)|USA Olympic Trials]] 100m in the absence, through injury, of the man judged to be the best American sprinter, [[Jim Golliday]]. Bragg also tried to qualify for the 200 m event but was only fourth in his semi-final at the Olympic Trials.<ref name="usaot">http://www.legacy.usatf.org/statistics/champions/OlympicTrials/HistoryOfTheOlympicTrials.pdf The History of the United States Olympic Trials - Track & Field, R Hymans, USA Track & Field, 2008</ref>


At the [[Athletics at the 1951 Pan American Games|1951 Pan American Games]] he was a member of the American relay team which won the gold medal in the 4×100 metres competition. In the 100 metres contest as well as in the 200 metres event he won the silver medal. In both races he lost narrowly to Cuba's [[Rafael Fortun]].
At the [[Athletics at the 1951 Pan American Games|1951 Pan American Games]] he was a member of the American relay team which won the gold medal in the 4×100 metres competition. In the 100 metres contest as well as in the 200 metres event he won the silver medal. In both races he lost narrowly to Cuba's [[Rafael Fortun]].


Always a keen college runner, in 1953, Bragg helped, as anchor leg, Morgan State College to victories in the quarter- and half-mile relays at the [[Penn Relays]]<ref group=note>quarter-mile relay is 4 x 110 y; half-mile relay is 4 x 220 y</ref>. Bragg also completed a triple of individual wins.<ref>http://news.pennrelaysonline.com/about-2/timeline-at-the-penns/ "Timeline@The Penn Relays", Penn Relays Official Results & Blog. Retrieved 27 August 2012.</ref><ref name="day1">http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19530427&id=IOwgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LHIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5220,4740188 "Art Bragg Stars at Penn Relays With Three Wins", The Day, April 27 1953. Retrieved 28 August 2012.</ref>
Always a keen college runner, in 1953, Bragg helped, as anchor leg, Morgan State College to victories in the quarter- and half-mile relays at the [[Penn Relays]].<ref group=note>quarter-mile relay is 4 x 110 y; half-mile relay is 4 x 220 y</ref> Bragg also completed a triple of individual wins.<ref>http://news.pennrelaysonline.com/about-2/timeline-at-the-penns/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630052752/http://news.pennrelaysonline.com/about-2/timeline-at-the-penns/ |date=2012-06-30 }} "Timeline@The Penn Relays", Penn Relays Official Results & Blog. Retrieved 27 August 2012.</ref><ref name="day1">https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19530427&id=IOwgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LHIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5220,4740188 "Art Bragg Stars at Penn Relays With Three Wins", The Day, April 27, 1953. Retrieved 28 August 2012.</ref>


Bragg continued running after leaving college. In 1954 he won the 100 and 220 yards titles at the [[USA Track and Field|AAU]] Championships. In both he established new AAU meet records of 9.4 and 21.1 s respectively.<ref>http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sb8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=%22art+bragg%22+%22morgan+state%22&source=bl&ots=SBSmGxajSk&sig=xLppfISpVeRwtukGOL8WAw0jBuE&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22art%20bragg%22%20%22morgan%20state%22&f=false "Art Bragg Breaks 23-Year-Old Sprint Record", Jet, 1 July 1954. Retrieved 27 August 2012.</ref>
Bragg continued running after leaving college. In 1954 he won the 100 and 220 yards titles at the [[USA Track and Field|AAU]] Championships. In both he established new AAU meet records of 9.4 and 21.1 s respectively.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=sb8DAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22art+bragg%22+%22morgan+state%22&pg=PA51 "Art Bragg Breaks 23-Year-Old Sprint Record", Jet, 1 July 1954. Retrieved 27 August 2012.</ref>


Bragg was famed at the time he was racing for his often slow start to his races with a subsequent fast finish and the disappointments he suffered in his career at the major championships.<ref>http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2211&dat=19530502&id=0-klAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ffYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1215,6049446 " 'Iron Man' Bragg Paces Morgan's Finest Hour", Baltimore Afro-American, May 2 1953.</ref><ref name="day1"/>
Bragg was famed at the time he was racing for his often slow start to his races with a subsequent fast finish and the disappointments he suffered in his career at the major championships.<ref name="day1"/><ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2211&dat=19530502&id=0-klAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ffYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1215,6049446 " 'Iron Man' Bragg Paces Morgan's Finest Hour", Baltimore Afro-American, May 2, 1953.</ref>


In 1954, Bragg was one of the candidates for the prestigious [[James E. Sullivan Award]] that is presented annually by the [[Amateur Athletic Union|AAU]] to the outstanding American athlete. If he had won he would have been the first African-American recipient of the award. In the end, the award went to [[Mal Whitfield]].<ref>http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2205&dat=19550104&id=Ec0lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kfUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4288,3472622 "Sullivan Award to Mal Whitfield", Baltimore Afro-American, January 5 1955.</ref>
In 1954, Bragg was one of the candidates for the prestigious [[James E. Sullivan Award]] that is presented annually by the [[Amateur Athletic Union|AAU]] to the outstanding American athlete. If he had won he would have been the first African-American recipient of the award. In the end, the award went to [[Mal Whitfield]].<ref>https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2205&dat=19550104&id=Ec0lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kfUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4288,3472622 "Sullivan Award to Mal Whitfield", Baltimore Afro-American, January 5, 1955.</ref>


Bragg has admitted his Olympic disappointment lives with him - when watching the 100 m "I cried," Bragg said. "I had successes; that was the major disappointment. Every Olympics, when I watch the 100 on TV, I break down and cry."<ref name="bsun">http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-07-23/sports/1992205155_1_bragg-morgan-cry "Olympics always bring -- of sadness to ex-Bear Bragg", Doug Brown, The Baltimore Sun, July 23 1992.</ref> He has described his 1952 injury as a total fluke - whilst on the warmup strip "Someone opened one of the doors and I made a quick motion to my left to avoid hitting it . . . oops, the hamstring went.".<ref name="gadsden"/>
Bragg has admitted his Olympic disappointment lives with him - when watching the 100 m "I cried," Bragg said. "I had successes; that was the major disappointment. Every Olympics, when I watch the 100 on TV, I break down and cry."<ref name="bsun">http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-07-23/sports/1992205155_1_bragg-morgan-cry "Olympics always bring -- of sadness to ex-Bear Bragg", Doug Brown, The Baltimore Sun, July 23, 1992.</ref> He has described his 1952 injury as a total fluke - whilst on the warmup strip "Someone opened one of the doors and I made a quick motion to my left to avoid hitting it . . . oops, the hamstring went.".<ref name="bsun"/>

⚫
In later years, Bragg is reported as living in Los Angeles and working for Los Angeles County Probation Department as a Deputy Probation Officer. He is married with one child, a boy.<ref name="hoff"/> He left for Califronia in 1956 and never returned to Maryland.<ref name="bsun"/> His son studied at [[Howard University]].<ref name="bsun"/>


⚫
In later years, Bragg is reported as living in Los Angeles and working for Los Angeles County Probation Department as a Deputy Probation Officer. He is married with one child, a boy.<ref name="hoff"/> He left for California in 1956 and never returned to Maryland.<ref name="bsun"/> His son studied at [[Howard University]].<ref name="bsun"/>


==Notes==
==Notes==
<references group=note/>
<references group=note/>



==Rankings==
==Rankings==


Bragg was ranked among the best in the USA and the world in both the 100 m/100 y and 200 m/220 y sprint events from 1950 to 1954, according to the votes of the experts of ''[[Track and Field News]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/100worldbyathlete.pdf|title=World Rankings Index--Men's 100 meters|publisher=[[Track and Field News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/100usbyathlete.pdf|title=U.S. Rankings Index--Men's 100 meters|publisher=[[Track and Field News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/200worldbyathlete.pdf|title=World Rankings Index--Men's 200 meters|publisher=[[Track and Field News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/200usbyathlete.pdf|title=U.S. Rankings Index--Men's 200 meters|publisher=[[Track and Field News]]}}</ref>
Bragg was ranked among the best in the US and the world in both the 100 m/100 y and 200 m/220 y sprint events from 1950 to 1954, according to the votes of the experts of ''[[Track and Field News]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/100worldbyathlete.pdf|title=World Rankings Index--Men's 100 meters|publisher=[[Track and Field News]]|access-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609225745/http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/100worldbyathlete.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-09|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/100usbyathlete.pdf|title=U.S. Rankings Index--Men's 100 meters|publisher=[[Track and Field News]]|access-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609230915/http://trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/100usbyathlete.pdf|archive-date=2013-06-09|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/200worldbyathlete.pdf|title=World Rankings Index--Men's 200 meters|publisher=[[Track and Field News]]|access-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914102957/http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/200worldbyathlete.pdf|archive-date=2011-09-14|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/200usbyathlete.pdf|title=U.S. Rankings Index--Men's 200 meters|publisher=[[Track and Field News]]|access-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213190757/http://trackandfieldnews.com/rankings/men/200usbyathlete.pdf|archive-date=2012-02-13|url-status=dead}}</ref>


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== USA Championships ==
== USA Championships ==
Bragg was always a formidable performer at the AAU championships, the USA national championships.<ref name="natchamps">http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/archive/usa-nat-champs-history.html A History Of The Results Of The National Track & Field Championships Of The USA From 1876 Through 2003, Track and Field News, Retrieved 3 February 2012.</ref>
Bragg was always a formidable performer at the AAU championships, the USA national championships.<ref name="natchamps">{{cite web|url=http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/archive/usa-nat-champs-history.html |title=Track & Field News: A History of the Results of the National Track & Field Championships of the USA from 1876 Through 2003 |access-date=2012-06-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609231459/http://www.trackandfieldnews.com/archive/usa-nat-champs-history.html |archive-date=2013-06-09 }} A History Of The Results Of The National Track & Field Championships Of The USA From 1876 Through 2003, Track and Field News, Retrieved 3 February 2012.</ref>


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==Competition record==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
!colspan="6"|Representing {{flagIOC|USA|1952 Summer}}
|-
|1952
|[[1952 Summer Olympics|Olympics]]
|[[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]
|6th, SF 1
|100 m
|[[Athletics at the 1952 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metres|11.43/10.9]]
⚫
|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


{{Footer Pan American Champions 4x100m Men}}
{{Footer Pan American Champions 4x100m Men}}
{{Footer US NC 100m Men}}
{{Footer US NC 100m Men}}
{{Footer US NC 200m Men}}
{{Footer US NC 200m Men}}
{{Footer USA Track & Field 1952 Summer Olympics}}

{{authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Bragg, Art
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American sprinter
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 3, 1930
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
⚫
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bragg, Art}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bragg, Art}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:American sprinters]]
[[Category:American male sprinters]]
⚫
[[Category:Olympic track and field athletes of the United States]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Pan American Games track and field athletes of the United States]]
[[Category:Olympic track and field athletes for the United States]]
[[Category:Track and field athletes from California]]
⚫
[[Category:Track and field athletes from Baltimore]]
[[Category:USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1951 Pan American Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 1951 Pan American Games]]
[[Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1951 Pan American Games]]
[[Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States]]
[[Category:Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States in athletics (track and field)]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Baltimore, Maryland]]
[[Category:Morgan State Bears men's track and field athletes]]

[[Category:NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners]]

{{US-sprint-athletics-bio-stub}}

Revision as of 20:03, 8 August 2024

Arthur "Art" George Bragg
Personal information
Born(1930-12-03)December 3, 1930
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
DiedAugust 25, 2018(2018-08-25) (aged 87)
Height1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)
Weight70 kg (154 lb)[1]
Sport
SportRunning
Event(s)100 meters, 200 meters
College teamMorgan State Bears
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)100 y: 09.4 s (1954)[2]

100 m: 10.3 s (1953)
220 y: 20.8 s (1951)

200 m;21.2 s (1950)[1]
Art Bragg
Medal record
Men's Athletics
Pan American Games
Gold medal – first place 1951 Buenos Aires 4×100 metres
Silver medal – second place 1951 Buenos Aires 100 metres
Silver medal – second place 1951 Buenos Aires 200 metres

Arthur "Art" George Bragg (December 3, 1930 – August 25, 2018)[3] was an American sprinter who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics.

Career

He was born in Baltimore and attended Baltimore's Morgan State College.,[4]

In 1952 he was eliminated in the semi-finals of the Olympic 100 metres event. Running with a pulled muscle, he finished 'a miserable last' in his race.[5] Bragg was considered the favourite for the title having won the USA Olympic Trials 100m in the absence, through injury, of the man judged to be the best American sprinter, Jim Golliday. Bragg also tried to qualify for the 200 m event but was only fourth in his semi-final at the Olympic Trials.[6]

At the 1951 Pan American Games he was a member of the American relay team which won the gold medal in the 4×100 metres competition. In the 100 metres contest as well as in the 200 metres event he won the silver medal. In both races he lost narrowly to Cuba's Rafael Fortun.

Always a keen college runner, in 1953, Bragg helped, as anchor leg, Morgan State College to victories in the quarter- and half-mile relays at the Penn Relays.[note 1] Bragg also completed a triple of individual wins.[7][8]

Bragg continued running after leaving college. In 1954 he won the 100 and 220 yards titles at the AAU Championships. In both he established new AAU meet records of 9.4 and 21.1 s respectively.[9]

Bragg was famed at the time he was racing for his often slow start to his races with a subsequent fast finish and the disappointments he suffered in his career at the major championships.[8][10]

In 1954, Bragg was one of the candidates for the prestigious James E. Sullivan Award that is presented annually by the AAU to the outstanding American athlete. If he had won he would have been the first African-American recipient of the award. In the end, the award went to Mal Whitfield.[11]

Bragg has admitted his Olympic disappointment lives with him - when watching the 100 m "I cried," Bragg said. "I had successes; that was the major disappointment. Every Olympics, when I watch the 100 on TV, I break down and cry."[12] He has described his 1952 injury as a total fluke - whilst on the warmup strip "Someone opened one of the doors and I made a quick motion to my left to avoid hitting it . . . oops, the hamstring went.".[12]

In later years, Bragg is reported as living in Los Angeles and working for Los Angeles County Probation Department as a Deputy Probation Officer. He is married with one child, a boy.[4] He left for California in 1956 and never returned to Maryland.[12] His son studied at Howard University.[12]

Notes

  1. ^ quarter-mile relay is 4 x 110 y; half-mile relay is 4 x 220 y

Rankings

Bragg was ranked among the best in the US and the world in both the 100 m/100 y and 200 m/220 y sprint events from 1950 to 1954, according to the votes of the experts of Track and Field News.[13][14][15][16]

USA Championships

Bragg was always a formidable performer at the AAU championships, the USA national championships.[17]

Competition record

Year Competition Venue Position Event Notes
Representing  United States
1952 Olympics Helsinki, Finland 6th, SF 1 100 m 11.43/10.9

References

  1. ^ a b Art Bragg at Sports Reference Art Bragg, sports-reference.com.
  2. ^ R L Quercetani & G Pallicca, "A World History of Sprint Racing 1850-2005", SEP Editrice Srl, 2006, p 279.
  3. ^ Art Bragg's obituary
  4. ^ a b http://www.morganstatebears.com/hof.aspx?hof=16&path=&kiosk= Morgans State Bears, Hall of Fame. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  5. ^ Duncanson, Neil, "The Fastest Men on Earth", Andre Deutsch, 2011, p 114.
  6. ^ http://www.legacy.usatf.org/statistics/champions/OlympicTrials/HistoryOfTheOlympicTrials.pdf The History of the United States Olympic Trials - Track & Field, R Hymans, USA Track & Field, 2008
  7. ^ http://news.pennrelaysonline.com/about-2/timeline-at-the-penns/ Archived 2012-06-30 at the Wayback Machine "Timeline@The Penn Relays", Penn Relays Official Results & Blog. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  8. ^ a b https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1915&dat=19530427&id=IOwgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=LHIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5220,4740188 "Art Bragg Stars at Penn Relays With Three Wins", The Day, April 27, 1953. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  9. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=sb8DAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22art+bragg%22+%22morgan+state%22&pg=PA51 "Art Bragg Breaks 23-Year-Old Sprint Record", Jet, 1 July 1954. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
  10. ^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2211&dat=19530502&id=0-klAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ffYFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1215,6049446 " 'Iron Man' Bragg Paces Morgan's Finest Hour", Baltimore Afro-American, May 2, 1953.
  11. ^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2205&dat=19550104&id=Ec0lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kfUFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4288,3472622 "Sullivan Award to Mal Whitfield", Baltimore Afro-American, January 5, 1955.
  12. ^ a b c d http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1992-07-23/sports/1992205155_1_bragg-morgan-cry "Olympics always bring -- of sadness to ex-Bear Bragg", Doug Brown, The Baltimore Sun, July 23, 1992.
  13. ^ "World Rankings Index--Men's 100 meters" (PDF). Track and Field News. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  14. ^ "U.S. Rankings Index--Men's 100 meters" (PDF). Track and Field News. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  15. ^ "World Rankings Index--Men's 200 meters" (PDF). Track and Field News. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-14. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  16. ^ "U.S. Rankings Index--Men's 200 meters" (PDF). Track and Field News. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-13. Retrieved 2012-08-29.
  17. ^ "Track & Field News: A History of the Results of the National Track & Field Championships of the USA from 1876 Through 2003". Archived from the original on 2013-06-09. Retrieved 2012-06-17. A History Of The Results Of The National Track & Field Championships Of The USA From 1876 Through 2003, Track and Field News, Retrieved 3 February 2012.
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