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{{Short description|Solitary acacia in Ténéré, northeast Niger}} |
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{{confused|text=[[Lost Tree]], a solitary tree in Ténéré}} |
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{{Coord|17|45|00|N|10|04|00|E|display=title}} |
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[[File:Arbre-du-tenere-1961.jpg|thumb|Tree of Ténéré (1961)]] |
[[File:Arbre-du-tenere-1961.jpg|thumb|Tree of Ténéré (1961)]] |
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The '''Ténéré Tree''' ([[French (language)|French]]: {{lang|fr|L'Arbre du Ténéré}}) was a solitary [[acacia]] (''[[Acacia raddiana|Vachellia tortilis]] |
The '''Ténéré Tree''' ([[French (language)|French]]: {{lang|fr|L'Arbre du Ténéré}}) was a solitary [[acacia]] (''[[Acacia raddiana|Vachellia tortilis]]'')<ref name="Riedacker">{{cite book|title=Physiologie des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides: séminaire, Paris-Nancy, 20 mars-6 avril 1990|first=A.|last=Riedacker|publisher=John Libbey Eurotext|year=1993|page=406|isbn=2-7420-0019-4|accessdate=2009-08-11|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mL62aLtlF2YC&pg=PA406|language=French|quote=L'Hote (1961) note dans son article sur l'arbre du Ténéré (''Acacia raddiana'') que l'on aurait retrouvé ses racines à 30 métres de profondeur.}}</ref><ref name="Le Roy">{{cite book|title=Méhariste au Niger: souvenirs sahariens|first=Robert|last=Le Roy|publisher=Karthala Editions|year=1998|page=108|accessdate=2009-08-11|isbn=2-86537-778-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=beEsVfvm87wC&pg=PA108|language=French|quote=It avait fallu à cet ''acacia tortilis'' une belle vigueur et une fameuse chance pour subsister là, seul, jusqu'à élever son feuillage hors de portée des gazelles.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kyalangalilwa |first1=Bruce |last2=Boatwright |first2=James S. |last3=Daru |first3=Barnabas H. |last4=Maurin |first4=Olivier |last5=van der Bank |first5=Michelle |date=2013-08-01 |title=Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia |url=https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12047 |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=172 |issue=4 |pages=500–523 |doi=10.1111/boj.12047 |issn=0024-4074|hdl=10566/3454 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> that was once considered the most isolated tree on Earth. It was a landmark on [[Camel train|caravan]] routes through the [[Ténéré]] region of the [[Sahara Desert]] in northeast [[Niger]], so well known that it and the Arbre Perdu ([[Lost Tree]]) to the north are the only trees to be shown on a map at a [[scale (map)|scale]] of 1:4,000,000. The tree is estimated to have existed for approximately 300 years until it was knocked down in 1973 by a truck driver.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Nuwer |first=Rachel |date=October 24, 2013 |title=The Most Isolated Tree in the World Was Killed by a (Probably Drunk) Driver |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-most-isolated-tree-in-the-world-was-killed-by-a-probably-drunk-driver-5369329/ |access-date= |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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The Tree of Ténéré was the last of a group of trees that grew when the [[desert]] was less parched than it is today. The tree had stood alone for decades. During the winter of 1938–1939 a well was dug near the tree and it was found that the roots of the tree reached the [[water table]] 33–36 meters (108 to 118 feet) below the surface. |
The Tree of Ténéré was the last of a group of trees that grew when the [[desert]] was less parched than it is today. The tree had stood alone for decades. During the winter of 1938–1939 a well was dug near the tree and it was found that the roots of the tree reached the [[water table]] 33–36 meters (108 to 118 feet) below the surface. |
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Commander of the |
Commander of the Allied Military Mission Michel Lesourd, of the {{lang|fr|Service central des affaires sahariennes}} [Central service of Saharan affairs], saw the tree on May 21, 1939: |
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{{cquote|One must see the Tree to believe its existence. What is its secret? How can it still be living in spite of the multitudes of camels which trample at its sides. How at each [[azalai]] does not a lost camel eat its leaves and thorns? Why don't the numerous [[Tuareg people|Touareg]] leading the salt caravans cut its branches to make fires to brew their tea? The only answer is that the tree is taboo and considered as such by the caravaniers. |
{{cquote|One must see the Tree to believe its existence. What is its secret? How can it still be living in spite of the multitudes of camels which trample at its sides. How at each [[azalai]] does not a lost camel eat its leaves and thorns? Why don't the numerous [[Tuareg people|Touareg]] leading the salt caravans cut its branches to make fires to brew their tea? The only answer is that the tree is taboo and considered as such by the caravaniers. |
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[[File:Arbre-neu1.jpg|thumb|Metal sculpture of the tree (1985)]] |
[[File:Arbre-neu1.jpg|thumb|Metal sculpture of the tree (1985)]] |
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[[File:Arbre-Museum-Niamey.jpg|thumb|The pavilion housing the tree's remains in Niamey]] |
[[File:Arbre-Museum-Niamey.jpg|thumb|The pavilion housing the tree's remains in Niamey]] |
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The Tree of Ténéré was knocked down by a truck driver in 1973.<ref>[http://www.club-des-voyages.com/niger/l-arbre-du-tenere-symbole-de-la-survie-dans-le-sahara-12208.html L'arbre du Ténéré, symbole de la survie dans le Sahara](in French)</ref> On November 8, 1973, the dead tree was |
The Tree of Ténéré was knocked down by a [[Libyan Arab Republic|Libyan]] truck driver, reportedly [[Drunk driving|drunk]], in 1973.<ref>[http://www.club-des-voyages.com/niger/l-arbre-du-tenere-symbole-de-la-survie-dans-le-sahara-12208.html L'arbre du Ténéré, symbole de la survie dans le Sahara](in French)</ref><ref name = "Jacobson" /><ref name=":0" /> On November 8, 1973, the dead tree was installed in a dedicated shrine on the grounds of the [[Musée National du Niger|Niger National Museum]] in [[Niamey]].<ref name="taylor"/> |
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A simple metal sculpture representing the tree stands |
A simple metal sculpture representing the tree stands to mark its former location and general appearance in the desert.<ref name = Jacobson>Molly McBride Jacobson (ed.), "[https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/last-tree-tenere Last Tree of Ténéré]", Atlas Obscura, December 4, 2008; accessed 2023.01.09.</ref> |
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==In popular culture== |
==In popular culture== |
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The sculpture representing the Tree of Ténéré and the Tree's story feature prominently in the 2006 film ''[[La Gran final]]'' (''The Great Match''). In the film, a group of [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] nomads in the [[Sahara]] race to find a power supply and broadcast reception for their television in time to watch the [[2002 FIFA World Cup Final]] between [[Germany national football team|Germany]] and [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]], eventually using the tree sculpture as a makeshift [[television antenna|antenna]]. |
The sculpture representing the Tree of Ténéré and the Tree's story feature prominently in the 2006 film ''[[La Gran final]]'' (''The Great Match''). In the film, a group of [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] nomads in the [[Sahara]] race to find a power supply and broadcast reception for their television in time to watch the [[2002 FIFA World Cup Final]] between [[Germany national football team|Germany]] and [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]], eventually using the tree sculpture as a makeshift [[television antenna|antenna]]. |
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In 2017, a group of artists created a massive, |
In 2017, a group of artists created a massive, four-story tall LED sculpture entitled ''Tree of Tenere'' that was showcased at [[Burning Man]]. The sculpture consisted of 25,000 molded leaves containing 175,000 LEDs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kane |first=Jenny |date=July 19, 2017 |title=Burning Man tree of lights inspired by world's loneliest tree |url=https://www.rgj.com/story/life/arts/burning-man/2017/07/19/burning-man-tree-lights-inspired-worlds-loneliest-tree/470439001/ |access-date=October 17, 2022 |website=[[Reno Gazette-Journal]]}}</ref> In 2021 the artists re-developed the sculpture and created a permanent installation in the Deep Ellum neighborhood of Dallas, Texas.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Karam |first1=Yasmina |title=DRIFT's interactive tree of ténéré to find new roots in texas this fall |url=https://www.designboom.com/design/studio-drift-tree-of-tenere-deep-ellum-texas-08-24-2021/ |website=designboom |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> |
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In 2018, the tree's story |
In 2018, the tree's story appeared as a main theme in the official music video of 'Transmission/Michaelion'<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g70u2OrfVBE music video by Ibeyi</ref> by [[Ibeyi]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Dry tree]] |
* [[Dry tree]] |
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* [[List of |
* [[List of individual trees]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Acacia]] |
[[Category:Acacia]] |
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[[Category:1970s individual tree deaths]] |
[[Category:1970s individual tree deaths]] |
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[[Category:Destroyed individual trees]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:47, 8 August 2024
17°45′00″N 10°04′00″E / 17.75000°N 10.06667°E
The Ténéré Tree (French: L'Arbre du Ténéré) was a solitary acacia (Vachellia tortilis)[1][2][3] that was once considered the most isolated tree on Earth. It was a landmark on caravan routes through the Ténéré region of the Sahara Desert in northeast Niger, so well known that it and the Arbre Perdu (Lost Tree) to the north are the only trees to be shown on a map at a scale of 1:4,000,000. The tree is estimated to have existed for approximately 300 years until it was knocked down in 1973 by a truck driver.[4]
Background
[edit]The Tree of Ténéré was the last of a group of trees that grew when the desert was less parched than it is today. The tree had stood alone for decades. During the winter of 1938–1939 a well was dug near the tree and it was found that the roots of the tree reached the water table 33–36 meters (108 to 118 feet) below the surface.
Commander of the Allied Military Mission Michel Lesourd, of the Service central des affaires sahariennes [Central service of Saharan affairs], saw the tree on May 21, 1939:
One must see the Tree to believe its existence. What is its secret? How can it still be living in spite of the multitudes of camels which trample at its sides. How at each azalai does not a lost camel eat its leaves and thorns? Why don't the numerous Touareg leading the salt caravans cut its branches to make fires to brew their tea? The only answer is that the tree is taboo and considered as such by the caravaniers. There is a kind of superstition, a tribal order which is always respected. Each year the azalai gather round the Tree before facing the crossing of the Ténéré. The Acacia has become a living lighthouse; it is the first or the last landmark for the azalai leaving Agadez for Bilma, or returning.[5]
In his book L'épopée du Ténéré, French ethnologist and explorer Henri Lhote described his two journeys to the Tree of Ténéré. His first visit was in 1934 on the occasion of the first automobile crossing between Djanet and Agadez. He describes the tree as "an Acacia with a degenerative trunk, sick or ill in aspect. Nevertheless, the tree has nice green leaves, and some yellow flowers". He visited it again 25 years later, on 26 November 1959 with the Berliet-Ténéré mission, but found that it had been badly damaged after a vehicle had collided with it:
Before, this tree was green and with flowers; now it is a colourless thorn tree and naked. I cannot recognise it — it had two very distinct trunks. Now there is only one, with a stump on the side, slashed, rather than cut a metre from the soil. What has happened to this unhappy tree? Simply, a lorry going to Bilma has struck it... but it has enough space to avoid it... the taboo, sacred tree, the one which no nomad here would have dared to have hurt with his hand... this tree has been the victim of a mechanic...[5]
Death and monument
[edit]
The Tree of Ténéré was knocked down by a Libyan truck driver, reportedly drunk, in 1973.[6][7][4] On November 8, 1973, the dead tree was installed in a dedicated shrine on the grounds of the Niger National Museum in Niamey.[5]
A simple metal sculpture representing the tree stands to mark its former location and general appearance in the desert.[7]
In popular culture
[edit]The sculpture representing the Tree of Ténéré and the Tree's story feature prominently in the 2006 film La Gran final (The Great Match). In the film, a group of Tuareg nomads in the Sahara race to find a power supply and broadcast reception for their television in time to watch the 2002 FIFA World Cup Final between Germany and Brazil, eventually using the tree sculpture as a makeshift antenna.
In 2017, a group of artists created a massive, four-story tall LED sculpture entitled Tree of Tenere that was showcased at Burning Man. The sculpture consisted of 25,000 molded leaves containing 175,000 LEDs.[8] In 2021 the artists re-developed the sculpture and created a permanent installation in the Deep Ellum neighborhood of Dallas, Texas.[9]
In 2018, the tree's story appeared as a main theme in the official music video of 'Transmission/Michaelion'[10] by Ibeyi.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Riedacker, A. (1993). Physiologie des arbres et arbustes en zones arides et semi-arides: séminaire, Paris-Nancy, 20 mars-6 avril 1990 (in French). John Libbey Eurotext. p. 406. ISBN 2-7420-0019-4. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
L'Hote (1961) note dans son article sur l'arbre du Ténéré (Acacia raddiana) que l'on aurait retrouvé ses racines à 30 métres de profondeur.
- ^ Le Roy, Robert (1998). Méhariste au Niger: souvenirs sahariens (in French). Karthala Editions. p. 108. ISBN 2-86537-778-4. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
It avait fallu à cet acacia tortilis une belle vigueur et une fameuse chance pour subsister là, seul, jusqu'à élever son feuillage hors de portée des gazelles.
- ^ Kyalangalilwa, Bruce; Boatwright, James S.; Daru, Barnabas H.; Maurin, Olivier; van der Bank, Michelle (2013-08-01). "Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 172 (4): 500–523. doi:10.1111/boj.12047. hdl:10566/3454. ISSN 0024-4074.
- ^ a b Nuwer, Rachel (October 24, 2013). "The Most Isolated Tree in the World Was Killed by a (Probably Drunk) Driver". Smithsonian Magazine.
- ^ a b c L'Arbre du Ténéré, Part 2
- ^ L'arbre du Ténéré, symbole de la survie dans le Sahara(in French)
- ^ a b Molly McBride Jacobson (ed.), "Last Tree of Ténéré", Atlas Obscura, December 4, 2008; accessed 2023.01.09.
- ^ Kane, Jenny (July 19, 2017). "Burning Man tree of lights inspired by world's loneliest tree". Reno Gazette-Journal. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
- ^ Karam, Yasmina. "DRIFT's interactive tree of ténéré to find new roots in texas this fall". designboom. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g70u2OrfVBE music video by Ibeyi
External links
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