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{{Short description|American politician}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Edmund Burke Fairfield
| name = Edmund Burke Fairfield
| image = Edmund Burke Fairfield.png
| image = Edmund Burke Fairfield.png
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| preceded1 = [[George Coe (Michigan politician)|George Coe]]
| preceded1 = [[George Coe (Michigan politician)|George Coe]]
| succeeded1 = [[James M. Birney]]
| succeeded1 = [[James M. Birney]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Michigan Senate]]
| state_senate2 = Michigan
| district2 = [[Michigan's 14th Senate district|14th]]
| term2 = 1857–1859
| term2 = 1857–1859
| preceded2 = William H. Brockway
| succeeded2 = [[Ebenezer O. Grosvenor]]
| office3 = 2nd [[Chancellor of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln|Chancellor of the University of Nebraska]]
| term_start3 = July 1, 1876
| term_end3 = June 30, 1882
| predecessor3 = [[Allen R. Benton]]
| successor3 = James Irving Manatt
| office4 = 2nd [[List of presidents of Hillsdale College|President of Hillsdale College]]
| term_start4 = 1848
| term_end4 = 1869
| predecessor4 = [[Daniel McBride Graham]]
| successor4 = [[James Calder (academic administrator)|James Calder]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1821|08|07}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1821|08|07}}
| birth_place = [[Parkersburg, West Virginia|Parkersburg]], [[West Virginia]]
| birth_place = [[Parkersburg, West Virginia|Parkersburg]], [[West Virginia]]
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}}
}}


'''Edmund Burke Fairfield''' (August 7, 1821&nbsp;– November 7, 1904) was an [[United States|American]] minister, educator and politician from the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]]. He served as the 12th [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]] and as the 2nd<ref>{{cite news|last1=McKee|first1=Jim|title=Jim McKee: Chancellor Fairfield faced growing pains, questions on religion|url=http://journalstar.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/jim-mckee-chancellor-fairfield-faced-growing-pains-questions-on-religion/article_8b31319a-b7b1-11df-b177-001cc4c03286.html|access-date=19 April 2016|publisher=Lincoln Journal Star|date=Sep 5, 2010|quote="the university's first chancellor, Allen R. Benton, submitted his resignation, giving the regents a chance to choose the university's second chancellor... The regents' choice for the new chancellor was Edmund Fairfield"}}</ref> Chancellor of the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln|University of Nebraska]].
'''Edmund Burke Fairfield''' (August 7, 1821&nbsp;– November 7, 1904) was an American minister, educator and politician from the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]]. He served as the 12th [[lieutenant governor of Michigan]] and as the second<ref>{{cite news|last1=McKee|first1=Jim|title=Jim McKee: Chancellor Fairfield faced growing pains, questions on religion|url=http://journalstar.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/jim-mckee-chancellor-fairfield-faced-growing-pains-questions-on-religion/article_8b31319a-b7b1-11df-b177-001cc4c03286.html|access-date=19 April 2016|publisher=Lincoln Journal Star|date=Sep 5, 2010|quote="the university's first chancellor, Allen R. Benton, submitted his resignation, giving the regents a chance to choose the university's second chancellor... The regents' choice for the new chancellor was Edmund Fairfield"}}</ref> Chancellor of the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln|University of Nebraska]].


==Early life==
==Early life==
Fairfield was born in [[Parkersburg, West Virginia|Parkersburg]], [[Virginia]], now [[West Virginia]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Onofrio|first1=Jan|title=West Virginia Biographical Dictionary|date=1999|publisher=North American Book Dist LLC|page=72|isbn=9780403098446|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VkkKcEPkp98C&pg=PA71 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> He moved with his family to [[Troy, Ohio]] when he was a young boy. He received an early education at [[Denison University]] of [[Granville, Ohio|Granville]] and in 1837 he attended [[Marietta College]] of [[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]]. He graduated from the [[congregationalist]]-affiliated<ref>{{cite web|title=First Church in Oberlin|url=http://www.oberlin.edu/175/didyouknow-first-church.html|website=oberlin.edu |access-date=19 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421081350/http://www.oberlin.edu/175/didyouknow-first-church.html|archive-date=21 April 2016}}</ref> [[Oberlin College]] of [[Oberlin, Ohio|Oberlin]] in 1842.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Julius Sterling|title=Illustrated History of Nebraska: A History of Nebraska from the Earliest Explorations of the Trans-Mississippi Region, Volume 2|date=1913|publisher=J. North|page=701|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WJKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> He then worked as a tutor at the college teaching Latin and Greek.
Fairfield was born in [[Parkersburg, West Virginia|Parkersburg]], [[Virginia]], now [[West Virginia]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Onofrio|first1=Jan|title=West Virginia Biographical Dictionary|date=1999|publisher=North American Book Dist LLC|page=72|isbn=9780403098446|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VkkKcEPkp98C&pg=PA71 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> He moved with his family to [[Troy, Ohio]], when he was a young boy. He received an early education at [[Denison University]] of [[Granville, Ohio|Granville]] and in 1837 he attended [[Marietta College]] of [[Marietta, Ohio|Marietta]]. He graduated from the [[congregationalist]]-affiliated<ref>{{cite web|title=First Church in Oberlin|url=http://www.oberlin.edu/175/didyouknow-first-church.html|website=oberlin.edu |access-date=19 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421081350/http://www.oberlin.edu/175/didyouknow-first-church.html|archive-date=21 April 2016}}</ref> [[Oberlin College]] of [[Oberlin, Ohio|Oberlin]] in 1842.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Julius Sterling|title=Illustrated History of Nebraska: A History of Nebraska from the Earliest Explorations of the Trans-Mississippi Region, Volume 2|date=1913|publisher=J. North|page=701|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WJKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> He then worked as a tutor at the college teaching Latin and Greek.


He spent two years as a Christian minister in [[New Hampshire]], and two in Boston as pastor of the Ruggles Street Baptist Church. Then, in 1848, he became President of the [[Michigan Central College]], renamed [[Hillsdale College]] in 1853, and remained in this office until his resignation in 1869.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-741?rgn=main;view=text|title= Finding aid for Edmund B. Fairfield pamphlets and sermons, 1958-1899 |publisher= Michigan Historical Collections Bentley Historical Library University of Michigan .|access-date= June 6, 2014}}</ref> In 1857, Fairfield received [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D.]] degree from Madison University (now [[Colgate University]]) in [[New York (state)|New York]].
He spent two years as a Christian minister in [[New Hampshire]], and two in Boston as pastor of the Ruggles Street Baptist Church. Then, in 1848, he became President of the [[Michigan Central College]], renamed [[Hillsdale College]] in 1853, and remained in this office until his resignation in 1869.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-741?rgn=main;view=text|title= Finding aid for Edmund B. Fairfield pamphlets and sermons, 1958-1899 |publisher= Michigan Historical Collections Bentley Historical Library University of Michigan.|access-date= June 6, 2014}}</ref> In 1857, Fairfield received [[Doctor of Laws|LL.D.]] degree from Madison University (now [[Colgate University]]) in [[New York (state)|New York]].


==Politics and further academics==
==Politics and further academics==
Fairfield served as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] in the [[Michigan Senate]] (14th district) from 1857-1859.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-741?rgn=main;view=text|title=Finding aid for Edmund B. Fairfield pamphlets and sermons, 1958-1899 |publisher= Michigan Historical Collections Bentley Historical Library University of Michigan .|access-date= June 6, 2014}}</ref> He was elected to serve as the [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan|12th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]] from 1859 to 1861,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Western Publishing and Engraving Co|title=Cyclopedia of Michigan: historical and biographical, comprising a synopsis of general history of the state, and biographical sketches of men who have, in their various spheres, contributed toward its development|date=1890|publisher=Western Publishing and Engraving Co|page=62|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5kcAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA62 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> and made a widely published speech on the "Prohibition of Slavery in the Territories".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fairfield|first1=Edmund Burke|title=Pamphlets and Sermons|date=1857|pages=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySDiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA13 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>
Fairfield served as a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] in the [[Michigan Senate]] ([[Michigan's 14th Senate district|14th district]]) from 1857 to 1859.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://quod.lib.umich.edu/b/bhlead/umich-bhl-741?rgn=main;view=text|title=Finding aid for Edmund B. Fairfield pamphlets and sermons, 1958-1899 |publisher= Michigan Historical Collections Bentley Historical Library University of Michigan.|access-date= June 6, 2014}}</ref> He was elected to serve as the [[Lieutenant Governor of Michigan|12th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan]] from 1859 to 1861,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Western Publishing and Engraving Co|title=Cyclopedia of Michigan: historical and biographical, comprising a synopsis of general history of the state, and biographical sketches of men who have, in their various spheres, contributed toward its development|date=1890|publisher=Western Publishing and Engraving Co|page=62|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5kcAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA62 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> and made a widely published speech on the "Prohibition of Slavery in the Territories".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fairfield|first1=Edmund Burke|title=Pamphlets and Sermons|date=1857|pages=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ySDiAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA13 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>


In 1863, Fairfield received a [[Doctor of Divinity]] degree from the [[Indiana University Bloomington]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Indiana University|title=Register of the Graduates of Indiana University|date=1911|publisher=Indiana University|page=22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3C7tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA22 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> The following year he received an [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|S.T.D.]] degree from [[Denison University]] of [[Ohio]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Julius Sterling|title=Illustrated History of Nebraska: A History of Nebraska from the Earliest Explorations of the Trans-Mississippi Region, Volume 2|date=1913|publisher=J. North|page=701|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WJKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>
In 1863, Fairfield received a [[Doctor of Divinity]] degree from the [[Indiana University Bloomington]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Indiana University|title=Register of the Graduates of Indiana University|date=1911|publisher=Indiana University|page=22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3C7tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA22 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> The following year he received an [[Doctor of Sacred Theology|S.T.D.]] degree from [[Denison University]] of [[Ohio]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Julius Sterling|title=Illustrated History of Nebraska: A History of Nebraska from the Earliest Explorations of the Trans-Mississippi Region, Volume 2|date=1913|publisher=J. North|page=701|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WJKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>


In the early 1870s, Dr. Fairfield was involved in public dispute based on a review he published in [[Mansfield, Ohio]] regarding the [[Henry Ward Beecher#.22The Beecher-Tilton Scandal Case.22 .281875.29|Henry Ward Beecher adultery scandal]]. The scandal broke in 1873, and in 1874, Fairfield published "Wickedness in High Places: A Review of the Beecher Case" <ref>{{cite book|last1=Fairfield|first1=E.B.|title=Wickedness in High Places|date=1874|publisher=L.D. Myrers & Brother, Book and Job Printers|location=Mansfield, OH|url=https://archive.org/details/wickednessinhig00fairgoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/wickednessinhig00fairgoog/page/n37 1]|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> [[Robert Raikes Raymond]], brother of Vassar professor [[John Howard Raymond]], published a scathing review to this pamphlet entitled: "The Case of the Rev. E.B. Fairfield, D.D., LL.D.: Being an Examination of his 'Review of the case of Henry Ward Beecher" together with his 'Reply' and a Rejoinder"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Raymond|first1=Robert Raikes|title=The Case of the Rev. E.B. Fairfield, D.D., LL.D.|date=1874|location=New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vz4PAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 |access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>
In the early 1870s, Fairfield was involved in public dispute based on a review he published in [[Mansfield, Ohio]], regarding the [[Henry Ward Beecher#.22The Beecher-Tilton Scandal Case.22 .281875.29|Henry Ward Beecher adultery scandal]]. The scandal broke in 1873, and in 1874, Fairfield published "Wickedness in High Places: A Review of the Beecher Case" <ref>{{cite book|last1=Fairfield|first1=E.B.|title=Wickedness in High Places|date=1874|publisher=L.D. Myrers & Brother, Book and Job Printers|location=Mansfield, OH|url=https://archive.org/details/wickednessinhig00fairgoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/wickednessinhig00fairgoog/page/n37 1]|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> [[Robert Raikes Raymond]], brother of Vassar professor [[John Howard Raymond]], published a scathing review to this pamphlet entitled: "The Case of the Rev. E.B. Fairfield, D.D., LL.D.: Being an Examination of his 'Review of the case of Henry Ward Beecher" together with his 'Reply' and a Rejoinder"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Raymond|first1=Robert Raikes|title=The Case of the Rev. E.B. Fairfield, D.D., LL.D.|date=1874|location=New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vz4PAQAAMAAJ&pg=PP5 |access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref>


He received a number of honors in the academic world before being elected Chancellor of the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln|University of Nebraska]] in 1876. The Board of Regents dismissed him in 1882, after a disagreement over religion and its place in education.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://unllib.unl.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=634|title= Fairfield, Edmund Burke|publisher=The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|access-date= June 6, 2014}}</ref>
He received a number of honors in the academic world before being elected Chancellor of the [[University of Nebraska–Lincoln|University of Nebraska]] in 1876. The Board of Regents dismissed him in 1882, after a disagreement over religion and its place in education.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://unllib.unl.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=634|title= Fairfield, Edmund Burke|publisher= The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|access-date= June 6, 2014|archive-date= March 5, 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010013/http://unllib.unl.edu/archon/?p=creators/creator&id=634|url-status= dead}}</ref>


Fairfield became the pastor of the [[Manistee, Michigan|Manistee]] congregational church from September 1882<ref>{{cite web|title=Pastors of the First Congregational Church|url=http://uccmanistee.org/featured-architecture/history/|website=Manistee First Congregational Church United Church of Christ / History|access-date=19 April 2016|quote="Edmund B. Fairfield - 1882"|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401014947/http://uccmanistee.org/featured-architecture/history/|archive-date=1 April 2016}}</ref> to April 1889.<ref>{{cite web|title=MANISTEE CHURCH HISTORIES From Salt City of the Inland Seas Transcribed for the use of Manistee County MIGenWeb October - November, 1999.|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mimanist/Page5.html|website=MIGenWeb / [[RootsWeb]] |publisher=Published 1899 by the Manistee Daily News|access-date=19 April 2016|quote="Rev. Edmund B. FAIRFIELD entered upon his pastorate September 1, 1882. He resigned April, 1889 having begun the work of erecting the new church."}}</ref>
Fairfield became the pastor of the [[Manistee, Michigan|Manistee]] congregational church from September 1882<ref>{{cite web|title=Pastors of the First Congregational Church|url=http://uccmanistee.org/featured-architecture/history/|website=Manistee First Congregational Church United Church of Christ / History|access-date=19 April 2016|quote="Edmund B. Fairfield - 1882"|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401014947/http://uccmanistee.org/featured-architecture/history/|archive-date=1 April 2016}}</ref> to April 1889.<ref>{{cite web|title=MANISTEE CHURCH HISTORIES From Salt City of the Inland Seas Transcribed for the use of Manistee County MIGenWeb October - November, 1999.|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mimanist/Page5.html|website=MIGenWeb / [[RootsWeb]] |publisher=Published 1899 by the Manistee Daily News|access-date=19 April 2016|quote="Rev. Edmund B. FAIRFIELD entered upon his pastorate September 1, 1882. He resigned April, 1889 having begun the work of erecting the new church."}}</ref>
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In July 1889, President [[Benjamin Harrison]] nominated Fairfield to be the [[consul of the United States]] at [[Lyons]] in place of [[Lawson V. Moore]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the USA Vol 27 (March 5, 1889 to March 3, 1981), inclusive|date=1901|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=89|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubzy660-TXoC&pg=PA89 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref> His son [[George D. Fairfield]] was vice-consul in Lyons at the same time.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Round Table, Volume 53|date=28 September 1906|publisher=Beloit College|location=Beloit, Wisconsin|page=1|edition=Vol 53, No. 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kU2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 |access-date=19 April 2016|quote="Mr. Fairfield graduated from Oberlin in 1888 and entered the consular service of the United States... and for nearly five years was vice consul at Lyons"}}</ref>
In July 1889, President [[Benjamin Harrison]] nominated Fairfield to be the [[consul of the United States]] at [[Lyons]] in place of [[Lawson V. Moore]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the USA Vol 27 (March 5, 1889 to March 3, 1981), inclusive|date=1901|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC|page=89|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ubzy660-TXoC&pg=PA89 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref> His son [[George D. Fairfield]] was vice-consul in Lyons at the same time.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Round Table, Volume 53|date=28 September 1906|publisher=Beloit College|location=Beloit, Wisconsin|page=1|edition=Vol 53, No. 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4kU2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1 |access-date=19 April 2016|quote="Mr. Fairfield graduated from Oberlin in 1888 and entered the consular service of the United States... and for nearly five years was vice consul at Lyons"}}</ref>


He returned from France in 1893 and lived in Grand Rapids, where he lived an intellectual life of writing and speaking until 1896. In 1896, he became a pastor again at his former church in Mansfield Ohio and then in 1900 he retired to Oberlin, where he died in November 1904.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Julius Sterling|last2=Watkins|first2=Albert|last3=Miller|first3=George L.|title=Illustrated History of Nebraska Vol III|date=1913|publisher=Western Publishing and Engraving Company|location=Lincoln, NE|page=701|edition=First|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WJKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Chase|first1=Clement|title=Semi-centennial Anniversary Book: The University of Nebraska, 1869-1919|date=1919|publisher=University of Nebraska (Lincoln campus)|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w19MAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>
He returned from France in 1893 and lived in Grand Rapids, where he lived an intellectual life of writing and speaking until 1896. In 1896, he became a pastor again at his former church in Mansfield, Ohio, and then in 1900 he retired to Oberlin, where he died in November 1904.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Morton|first1=Julius Sterling|last2=Watkins|first2=Albert|last3=Miller|first3=George L.|title=Illustrated History of Nebraska Vol III|date=1913|publisher=Western Publishing and Engraving Company|location=Lincoln, NE|page=701|edition=First|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-WJKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA701 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Chase|first1=Clement|title=Semi-centennial Anniversary Book: The University of Nebraska, 1869-1919|date=1919|publisher=University of Nebraska (Lincoln campus)|page=121|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w19MAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA121 |access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref>


==Retirement and death==
==Retirement and death==
In the theological field, Fairfield, having been a Baptist early in his career and Congregationalist pastor later in life, became convinced that the doctrines of Baptists were without sufficient foundation for him to remain a minister in any Baptist denomination. He delineated his views in his ''Letters on Baptism'' (1893).<ref>{{cite book|last1=General Council of the Congregational and Christian Churches of the United States|title=The Year Book of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States|date=1905|publisher=United States. Executive Committee|page=19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRdKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> He died on November 7, 1904 in Oberlin, Ohio at the age of eighty-three in Oberlin, eleven years after its publication.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Indiana University|title=Register of the Graduates of Indiana University|date=1911|publisher=Indiana University|page=22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3C7tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA22 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>
In the theological field, Fairfield, having been a Baptist early in his career and Congregationalist pastor later in life, became convinced that the doctrines of Baptists were without sufficient foundation for him to remain a minister in any Baptist denomination. He delineated his views in his ''Letters on Baptism'' (1893).<ref>{{cite book|last1=General Council of the Congregational and Christian Churches of the United States|title=The Year Book of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States|date=1905|publisher=United States. Executive Committee|page=19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRdKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> He died on November 7, 1904, in Oberlin, Ohio, at the age of eighty-three in Oberlin, eleven years after its publication.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Indiana University|title=Register of the Graduates of Indiana University|date=1911|publisher=Indiana University|page=22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3C7tAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA22 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>


==Family life==
==Family life==
fairfield was the son of Micajah Fairfield and Hannah (Wynn) Fairfield.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Congregational Pub. Society|title=The Congregational Year-book, Volume 27|date=1905|publisher=Congregational Pub. Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nl4sAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA19 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> He was married three times. He married his first wife, Lucia Ann Jennison, daughter of Dr. Charles Jennison and Betsy Mahan, on August 27, 1845. They had three children together. He married his second wife Mary A. Baldwin on August 22, 1859 and had seven children together. He married his third wife Mary Allen Tibbitts on June 16, 1883; they had no children together.<ref>{{cite book|last1=General Council of the Congregational and Christian Churches of the United States|title=The Year Book of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States|date=1905|publisher=United States. Executive Committee|page=19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRdKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>
Fairfield was the son of Micajah Fairfield and Hannah (Wynn) Fairfield.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Congregational Pub. Society|title=The Congregational Year-book, Volume 27|date=1905|publisher=Congregational Pub. Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nl4sAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA19 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref> He was married three times. He married his first wife, Lucia Ann Jennison, daughter of Dr. Charles Jennison and Betsy Mahan, on August 27, 1845. They had three children together. He married his second wife Mary A. Baldwin on August 22, 1859, and had seven children together. He married his third wife Mary Allen Tibbitts on June 16, 1883; they had no children together.<ref>{{cite book|last1=General Council of the Congregational and Christian Churches of the United States|title=The Year Book of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States|date=1905|publisher=United States. Executive Committee|page=19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRdKAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA19 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>


Fairfield was descended from a [[France|Frenchman]] by the name of Beauchamp, at some point the name was anglicised to Fairfield.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Menchen|first1=H.L|title=The American Language|date=2011|publisher=Inktree|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if5UAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT552 |access-date=6 June 2014}}</ref>
Fairfield was descended from a [[France|Frenchman]] by the name of Beauchamp, at some point the name was anglicised to Fairfield.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Menchen|first1=H.L|title=The American Language|date=2011|publisher=Inktree|page=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=if5UAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT552|access-date=6 June 2014}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
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* [http://www.fairfieldfamily.com/photo_album/generations/geneight/html/edbf.html Biography of Edmund Burke Fairfield at the Fairfield Family site]
* [http://www.fairfieldfamily.com/photo_album/generations/geneight/html/edbf.html Biography of Edmund Burke Fairfield at the Fairfield Family site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311075454/http://www.fairfieldfamily.com/photo_album/generations/geneight/html/edbf.html |date=March 11, 2007 }}
* [http://www.fairfieldfamily.com/database/html/fairf001.htm#i4927 Fairfield Family database]
* [http://www.fairfieldfamily.com/database/html/fairf001.htm#i4927 Fairfield Family database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828024403/http://www.fairfieldfamily.com/database/html/fairf001.htm#i4927 |date=August 28, 2008 }}
* [http://www.oberlin.edu/external/EOG/PetersHall/Case1/Dedication.html Picture etc of Fairfield at the Oberlin College site]
* [http://www.oberlin.edu/external/EOG/PetersHall/Case1/Dedication.html Picture etc of Fairfield at the Oberlin College site]
* [https://archive.is/20040518073658/http://www.preterism.org/Commentary/Baptism/Fairfield/index.htm etext of Fairfield's ''Letters on Baptism'']
* [https://archive.today/20040518073658/http://www.preterism.org/Commentary/Baptism/Fairfield/index.htm etext of Fairfield's ''Letters on Baptism'']


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[[Category:Michigan Republicans]]
[[Category:Republican Party Michigan state senators]]
[[Category:Michigan state senators]]
[[Category:Baptist ministers from the United States]]
[[Category:Baptist ministers from the United States]]
[[Category:American Congregationalist ministers]]
[[Category:American Congregationalist ministers]]
[[Category:Colgate University alumni]]
[[Category:Colgate University alumni]]
[[Category:Oberlin College alumni]]
[[Category:Oberlin College alumni]]
[[Category:Lieutenant Governors of Michigan]]
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[[Category:Marietta College alumni]]
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[[Category:Baptists from Michigan]]
[[Category:Baptists from Michigan]]
[[Category:Baptists from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Baptists from New York (state)]]
[[Category:19th-century American politicians]]
[[Category:19th-century American legislators]]
[[Category:19th-century American clergy]]

Revision as of 21:09, 7 August 2024

Edmund Burke Fairfield
12th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan
In office
1859–1861
GovernorMoses Wisner
Preceded byGeorge Coe
Succeeded byJames M. Birney
Member of the Michigan Senate
from the 14th district
In office
1857–1859
Preceded byWilliam H. Brockway
Succeeded byEbenezer O. Grosvenor
2nd Chancellor of the University of Nebraska
In office
July 1, 1876 – June 30, 1882
Preceded byAllen R. Benton
Succeeded byJames Irving Manatt
2nd President of Hillsdale College
In office
1848–1869
Preceded byDaniel McBride Graham
Succeeded byJames Calder
Personal details
Born(1821-08-07)August 7, 1821
Parkersburg, West Virginia
DiedNovember 7, 1904(1904-11-07) (aged 83)
Oberlin, Ohio
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)Lucia Ann Jennison Fairfield
Mary A. Baldwin Fairfield
Mary Allen Tibbitts Fairfield
Parent(s)Micajah Fairfield
Hannah (Wynn) Fairfield.
Alma materDenison University
Marietta College
Oberlin College
Colgate University
Indiana University.
ProfessionMinister
Educator
Politician

Edmund Burke Fairfield (August 7, 1821 – November 7, 1904) was an American minister, educator and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served as the 12th lieutenant governor of Michigan and as the second[1] Chancellor of the University of Nebraska.

Early life

Fairfield was born in Parkersburg, Virginia, now West Virginia.[2] He moved with his family to Troy, Ohio, when he was a young boy. He received an early education at Denison University of Granville and in 1837 he attended Marietta College of Marietta. He graduated from the congregationalist-affiliated[3] Oberlin College of Oberlin in 1842.[4] He then worked as a tutor at the college teaching Latin and Greek.

He spent two years as a Christian minister in New Hampshire, and two in Boston as pastor of the Ruggles Street Baptist Church. Then, in 1848, he became President of the Michigan Central College, renamed Hillsdale College in 1853, and remained in this office until his resignation in 1869.[5] In 1857, Fairfield received LL.D. degree from Madison University (now Colgate University) in New York.

Politics and further academics

Fairfield served as a Republican in the Michigan Senate (14th district) from 1857 to 1859.[6] He was elected to serve as the 12th Lieutenant Governor of Michigan from 1859 to 1861,[7] and made a widely published speech on the "Prohibition of Slavery in the Territories".[8]

In 1863, Fairfield received a Doctor of Divinity degree from the Indiana University Bloomington.[9] The following year he received an S.T.D. degree from Denison University of Ohio.[10]

In the early 1870s, Fairfield was involved in public dispute based on a review he published in Mansfield, Ohio, regarding the Henry Ward Beecher adultery scandal. The scandal broke in 1873, and in 1874, Fairfield published "Wickedness in High Places: A Review of the Beecher Case" [11] Robert Raikes Raymond, brother of Vassar professor John Howard Raymond, published a scathing review to this pamphlet entitled: "The Case of the Rev. E.B. Fairfield, D.D., LL.D.: Being an Examination of his 'Review of the case of Henry Ward Beecher" together with his 'Reply' and a Rejoinder"[12]

He received a number of honors in the academic world before being elected Chancellor of the University of Nebraska in 1876. The Board of Regents dismissed him in 1882, after a disagreement over religion and its place in education.[13]

Fairfield became the pastor of the Manistee congregational church from September 1882[14] to April 1889.[15]

In 1886, he was the Moderator of the Congregationalists' "General Association of Michigan" meeting held in Flint[16][17]

In July 1889, President Benjamin Harrison nominated Fairfield to be the consul of the United States at Lyons in place of Lawson V. Moore.[18] His son George D. Fairfield was vice-consul in Lyons at the same time.[19]

He returned from France in 1893 and lived in Grand Rapids, where he lived an intellectual life of writing and speaking until 1896. In 1896, he became a pastor again at his former church in Mansfield, Ohio, and then in 1900 he retired to Oberlin, where he died in November 1904.[20][21]

Retirement and death

In the theological field, Fairfield, having been a Baptist early in his career and Congregationalist pastor later in life, became convinced that the doctrines of Baptists were without sufficient foundation for him to remain a minister in any Baptist denomination. He delineated his views in his Letters on Baptism (1893).[22] He died on November 7, 1904, in Oberlin, Ohio, at the age of eighty-three in Oberlin, eleven years after its publication.[23]

Family life

Fairfield was the son of Micajah Fairfield and Hannah (Wynn) Fairfield.[24] He was married three times. He married his first wife, Lucia Ann Jennison, daughter of Dr. Charles Jennison and Betsy Mahan, on August 27, 1845. They had three children together. He married his second wife Mary A. Baldwin on August 22, 1859, and had seven children together. He married his third wife Mary Allen Tibbitts on June 16, 1883; they had no children together.[25]

Fairfield was descended from a Frenchman by the name of Beauchamp, at some point the name was anglicised to Fairfield.[26]

References

  1. ^ McKee, Jim (September 5, 2010). "Jim McKee: Chancellor Fairfield faced growing pains, questions on religion". Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved April 19, 2016. the university's first chancellor, Allen R. Benton, submitted his resignation, giving the regents a chance to choose the university's second chancellor... The regents' choice for the new chancellor was Edmund Fairfield
  2. ^ Onofrio, Jan (1999). West Virginia Biographical Dictionary. North American Book Dist LLC. p. 72. ISBN 9780403098446. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  3. ^ "First Church in Oberlin". oberlin.edu. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  4. ^ Morton, Julius Sterling (1913). Illustrated History of Nebraska: A History of Nebraska from the Earliest Explorations of the Trans-Mississippi Region, Volume 2. J. North. p. 701. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  5. ^ "Finding aid for Edmund B. Fairfield pamphlets and sermons, 1958-1899". Michigan Historical Collections Bentley Historical Library University of Michigan. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  6. ^ "Finding aid for Edmund B. Fairfield pamphlets and sermons, 1958-1899". Michigan Historical Collections Bentley Historical Library University of Michigan. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  7. ^ Western Publishing and Engraving Co (1890). Cyclopedia of Michigan: historical and biographical, comprising a synopsis of general history of the state, and biographical sketches of men who have, in their various spheres, contributed toward its development. Western Publishing and Engraving Co. p. 62. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  8. ^ Fairfield, Edmund Burke (1857). Pamphlets and Sermons. p. 3. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  9. ^ Indiana University (1911). Register of the Graduates of Indiana University. Indiana University. p. 22. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  10. ^ Morton, Julius Sterling (1913). Illustrated History of Nebraska: A History of Nebraska from the Earliest Explorations of the Trans-Mississippi Region, Volume 2. J. North. p. 701. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  11. ^ Fairfield, E.B. (1874). Wickedness in High Places. Mansfield, OH: L.D. Myrers & Brother, Book and Job Printers. p. 1. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
  12. ^ Raymond, Robert Raikes (1874). The Case of the Rev. E.B. Fairfield, D.D., LL.D. New York. Retrieved April 20, 2016.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ "Fairfield, Edmund Burke". The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  14. ^ "Pastors of the First Congregational Church". Manistee First Congregational Church United Church of Christ / History. Archived from the original on April 1, 2016. Retrieved April 19, 2016. Edmund B. Fairfield - 1882
  15. ^ "MANISTEE CHURCH HISTORIES From Salt City of the Inland Seas Transcribed for the use of Manistee County MIGenWeb October - November, 1999". MIGenWeb / RootsWeb. Published 1899 by the Manistee Daily News. Retrieved April 19, 2016. Rev. Edmund B. FAIRFIELD entered upon his pastorate September 1, 1882. He resigned April, 1889 having begun the work of erecting the new church.
  16. ^ Bramhall, Frank J. (1887). Facts and Figures about Michigan (1887 Yearbook). Chicago: Poole Bros Printers / General Passenger Department, Michigan Central Railroad. p. 22. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  17. ^ The Congregational Churches of Michigan: For the First Fifty Years of Their Organization Into a State Association ; Addresses Delivered, Papers Read and Reports Made at the Jubilee Meeting Held at Jackson, May 19-22, 1892. Michigan Congregational Association. 1892. p. 5. Retrieved May 3, 2016. 1886 -- Flint -- Rev. E.B. Fairfield
  18. ^ Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the USA Vol 27 (March 5, 1889 to March 3, 1981), inclusive. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 1901. p. 89. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  19. ^ The Round Table, Volume 53 (Vol 53, No. 1 ed.). Beloit, Wisconsin: Beloit College. September 28, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved April 19, 2016. Mr. Fairfield graduated from Oberlin in 1888 and entered the consular service of the United States... and for nearly five years was vice consul at Lyons
  20. ^ Morton, Julius Sterling; Watkins, Albert; Miller, George L. (1913). Illustrated History of Nebraska Vol III (First ed.). Lincoln, NE: Western Publishing and Engraving Company. p. 701. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  21. ^ Chase, Clement (1919). Semi-centennial Anniversary Book: The University of Nebraska, 1869-1919. University of Nebraska (Lincoln campus). p. 121. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
  22. ^ General Council of the Congregational and Christian Churches of the United States (1905). The Year Book of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States. United States. Executive Committee. p. 19. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  23. ^ Indiana University (1911). Register of the Graduates of Indiana University. Indiana University. p. 22. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  24. ^ Congregational Pub. Society (1905). The Congregational Year-book, Volume 27. Congregational Pub. Society. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  25. ^ General Council of the Congregational and Christian Churches of the United States (1905). The Year Book of the Congregational Christian Churches of the United States. United States. Executive Committee. p. 19. Retrieved June 6, 2014.
  26. ^ Menchen, H.L (2011). The American Language. Inktree. p. 1. Retrieved June 6, 2014.[permanent dead link]


Political offices
Preceded by Lieutenant Governor of Michigan
1859–1861 		Succeeded by
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