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{{for|his daughter|Antonieta Rivas Mercado}}
{{for|his daughter|Antonieta Rivas Mercado}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox architect
[[File:Antonio Rivas Mercado.jpg|thumb|Antonio Rivas Mercado]]
| name = Antonio Rivas Mercado
⚫
'''Antonio Rivas Mercado''' (26 February 1853 – 3 January 1927) was a [[Mexico|Mexican]] architect, engineer and restorer. His most notable project was the design of the [[El Ángel|Independence Column]] in downtown [[Mexico City]]. He was the father of [[Antonieta Rivas Mercado]].
| image = Antonio Rivas Mercado.jpg
| caption =
| spouse = Matilde Castellanos Haaf
| children = 6, including [[Antonieta Rivas Mercado]]
| birth_date = 26 February 1853
| birth_place = [[Tepic Territory]], Mexico
| death_date = 3 January 1927
| death_place = [[Mexico City]], Mexico
| significant_buildings = {{unbulleted list|[[Teatro Juárez]]|[[Angel of Independence|Monumento a la Independencia]]}}
| significant_projects =
| alma_mater =
| awards =
| signature =
}}


⚫
'''Antonio Rivas Mercado''' (26 February 1853 – 3 January 1927) was a Mexican architect, engineer and restorer. He is considered the preeminent Mexican architect of the late 19th century and early 20th century. His most famous project was the design of the [[Angel of Independence|Independence Column]] in downtown [[Mexico City]]. He was the director of the [[Academy of San Carlos]] from 1903 to 1912.
⚫
Rivas Mercado was born in [[Tepic]] in the then [[Tepic Territory|Territory of Tepic]], but his parents decided to send him to study in [[Europe]] at the age of 10. Eventually, he studied [[Fine Arts]] and [[Architecture]] at the [[École des Beaux-Arts]] in [[Paris, France]] from where he returned to [[Mexico City]] in 1879 to practise as an architect and teach at the Schools of Engineering and Architecture (today part of the [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]]).


==Early life and education==
⚫
Among Rivas Mercado's various projects figure the house that eventually became the [[Wax Museum]] of Mexico City (1883); the restoration of [[hacienda]]s of historical importance such as the [[Hacienda de Tecajete|Hacienda of Tecajete]] in the State of [[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]] (1884), and [[Chapingo]] in the [[Mexico (state)|State of Mexico]] (1900); the [[Customs (tax)|customs]] building in [[Tlatelolco (Mexico City)|Tlatelolco]], (1884); the restoration of several government buildings including the [[facade]] of the [[Mexico City Town Hall|Town Hall]] in Mexico City (1887); and his own house (1898) in Mexico City, now preserved as a historical building.
Rivas Mercado was born in [[Tepic]] in the then [[Tepic Territory|Territory of Tepic]], on 26 February 1853.<ref name="Martinez">{{cite web |last1=Martínez |first1=Mariela |title=Antonio Rivas Mercado, un mexicano notable en el mundo de la arquitectura |url=https://www.admagazine.com/arquitectura/celebrar-antonio-rivas-mercado-20200304-5165-articulos |website=Architectural Digest |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=es-MX |date=4 March 2020}}</ref> His parents decided to send him to study in [[Europe]] at the age of 10. Eventually, he studied [[Fine Arts]] and [[Architecture]] at the [[Beaux-Arts de Paris|École des Beaux-Arts]] in [[Paris]].<ref name="Martinez" />


==Career==
⚫
The [[Teatro Juárez|Teatro Juárez]] in [[Guanajuato, Guanajuato|Guanajuato]], which Rivas Mercado built between 1892 and 1903, is considered to be one of the finest buildings of the period. The [[Neoclassicism|neoclassical]] exterior and [[Moorish Revival|neo-moorish]] interior are a clear reflection of his eclectic architectural style. In 1902 he was commissioned by President [[Porfirio Díaz]] to design and build the [[El Ángel|Independence Column]] on occasion of the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the [[Mexican War of Independence]]. The project, which he realised in collaboration with sculptor [[Enrique Alciati]], was finished in 1910, the same year as the anniversary.
[[File:Columna de la Independencia (21606855359) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Angel of Independence|Monumento a la Independencia]],<br> Mexico City (1910)]]
⚫
Rivas Mercado returned to [[Mexico City]] in 1879 to practise as an architect and teach at the Schools of Engineering and Architecture (today part of the [[National Autonomous University of Mexico]]).


⚫
Among Rivas Mercado's various projects figure the house that eventually became the [[Wax Museum]] of Mexico City; the restoration of [[hacienda]]s of historical importance such as the [[Hacienda de Tecajete|Hacienda of Tecajete]] in the State of [[Hidalgo (Mexico)|Hidalgo]], and [[Chapingo]] in the [[Mexico (state)|State of Mexico]]; the [[Customs (tax)|customs]] building in [[Tlatelolco (Mexico City)|Tlatelolco]]; the restoration of several government buildings including the [[facade]] of the [[Mexico City Town Hall|Town Hall]] in Mexico City; and his own house in Mexico City, now preserved as a historical building.
⚫
Rivas Mercado was Director of the [[Academy of San Carlos|Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes]] in Mexico City from 1903 to 1912. He instituted new methods of study and design and is said to have modified the curriculum of the "Architecture and Civil Engineering" major in order to make two different ones out of it. During his tenure he managed to raise enough money to fund [[Diego Rivera]]'s scholarship to study [[painting]] in Europe. He moved back to Paris shortly after his tenure ended. However, he returned to Mexico in 1926 and died a few months later in Mexico City, aged 74.


The [[Teatro Juárez]] in [[Guanajuato, Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] began construction in 1873 under architect [[José Noriega (architect)|José Noriega]]. Following construction interruptions, the project was taken up by Rivas Mercado and [[Alberto Malo (architect)|Alberto Malo]] in 1893.<ref name="Martinez" /> Previously a purely Neoclassical project, it gained an [[Eclecticism in architecture|Eclectic style]] under the new architects. The [[Neoclassicism|Neoclassical]] exterior and [[Moorish Revival]] and [[Art Nouveau]] interiors are a clear reflection of Rivas Mercado's eclectic architectural style.
⚫
On 26 February 2019, [[Google]] celebrated what would have been Mercado's 166th birthday with a [[Google Doodle|Google doodle]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/doodles/antonio-rivas-mercados-166th-birthday|title=Antonio Rivas Mercado's 166th Birthday|website=Google|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref>

⚫
In 1902 he was commissioned by President [[Porfirio Díaz]] to design and build the [[El Ángel|Independence Column]] on occasion of the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the [[Mexican War of Independence]]. The project, which he realised in collaboration with sculptor [[Enrique Alciati]], was finished in 1910, the same year as the anniversary.

Between 1884 and 1910, Rivas Mercado was a [[Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)|Federal Deputy]] representing Guanajuato.<ref>{{cite web |title=Antonio Rivas Mercado |url=https://casarivasmercado.com/arquitecto-antonio-rivas-mercado/ |website=Casa Rivas Mercado |access-date=5 August 2024 |language=es}}</ref>

⚫
Rivas Mercado was Director of the [[Academy of San Carlos|Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes]] in Mexico City from 1903 to 1912. He instituted new methods of study and design and is said to have modified the curriculum of the "Architecture and Civil Engineering" major in order to make two different ones out of it. During his tenure he funded [[Diego Rivera]]'s scholarship to study [[painting]] in Europe.

President [[Venustiano Carranza]] commissioned Rivas Mercado to renovate the Military Academy annex of Chapultepec Castle to better accommodate a presidential residence. Shortly after his work on Chapultepec Castle, he moved back to Paris. However, he returned to Mexico in 1926 and died a few months later in Mexico City, aged 74.

===Gallery of projects===

<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">

File:Wikimania Mexico City -008.JPG|Torres Adalide House,<br> Mexico City (1884)
File:UACH-Rectoría.jpg|Renovation of the Hacienda de Chapingo (now the [[Chapingo Autonomous University]]),<br> Texcoco (1896)
File:Casa Rivas Mercado.jpg|Rivas Mercado House<br> (now an architecture museum),<br> Mexico City (1897)
File:Palacio Municipal (Tlalpan) 2012-09-09 14-26-43.jpg|[[Tlalpan]] Municipal Palace,<br> Mexico City (1902)
File:Teatro Juarez - panoramio.jpg|[[Portico]] and interiors of the<br> [[Teatro Juárez]],<br> Guanajuato City (1903)
File:WaxMuseumMexicoCity.JPG|Macías Casterona House (currently the Wax Museum),<br> Mexico City (1904)
File:RoofSanCarlosDF.JPG|Roof of the [[Academy of San Carlos]],<br> Mexico City (1913)
File:Chapultepec Castle 500.JPG|West [[façade]] and interiors of [[Chapultepec Castle]], <br> Mexico City (1920)

</gallery>

==Personal life==
He was the father of [[Antonieta Rivas Mercado]].

⚫
On 26 February 2019, [[Google]] celebrated what would have been Mercado's 166th birthday with a [[Google Doodle|Google doodle]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/antonio-rivas-mercados-166th-birthday/|title=Antonio Rivas Mercado's 166th Birthday|website=Google|access-date=2019-03-02}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Porfirio Díaz]]
*[[Architecture of Mexico]]
*[[El Ángel]]
*[[Científico]]


==References==
==References==
Line 23: Line 68:


==External links==
==External links==
#{{cite book|author=Turner, Jane (Ed.)|year=1996|title=The Dictionary of Art|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofart20turn|url-access=registration|location=New York | publisher=Grove's Dictionaries |isbn=1-884446-00-0}}
#{{cite book|editor=Turner, Jane|year=1996|title=The Dictionary of Art|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofart20turn|url-access=registration|location=New York | publisher=Grove's Dictionaries |isbn=1-884446-00-0}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

Latest revision as of 18:04, 5 August 2024

For his daughter, see Antonieta Rivas Mercado.
Antonio Rivas Mercado
Born26 February 1853
Tepic Territory, Mexico
Died3 January 1927
Mexico City, Mexico
OccupationArchitect
SpouseMatilde Castellanos Haaf
Children6, including Antonieta Rivas Mercado
Buildings

Antonio Rivas Mercado (26 February 1853 – 3 January 1927) was a Mexican architect, engineer and restorer. He is considered the preeminent Mexican architect of the late 19th century and early 20th century. His most famous project was the design of the Independence Column in downtown Mexico City. He was the director of the Academy of San Carlos from 1903 to 1912.

Early life and education

[edit]

Rivas Mercado was born in Tepic in the then Territory of Tepic, on 26 February 1853.[1] His parents decided to send him to study in Europe at the age of 10. Eventually, he studied Fine Arts and Architecture at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris.[1]

Career

[edit]
Monumento a la Independencia,
Mexico City (1910)

Rivas Mercado returned to Mexico City in 1879 to practise as an architect and teach at the Schools of Engineering and Architecture (today part of the National Autonomous University of Mexico).

Among Rivas Mercado's various projects figure the house that eventually became the Wax Museum of Mexico City; the restoration of haciendas of historical importance such as the Hacienda of Tecajete in the State of Hidalgo, and Chapingo in the State of Mexico; the customs building in Tlatelolco; the restoration of several government buildings including the facade of the Town Hall in Mexico City; and his own house in Mexico City, now preserved as a historical building.

The Teatro Juárez in Guanajuato began construction in 1873 under architect José Noriega. Following construction interruptions, the project was taken up by Rivas Mercado and Alberto Malo in 1893.[1] Previously a purely Neoclassical project, it gained an Eclectic style under the new architects. The Neoclassical exterior and Moorish Revival and Art Nouveau interiors are a clear reflection of Rivas Mercado's eclectic architectural style.

In 1902 he was commissioned by President Porfirio Díaz to design and build the Independence Column on occasion of the 100th anniversary of the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence. The project, which he realised in collaboration with sculptor Enrique Alciati, was finished in 1910, the same year as the anniversary.

Between 1884 and 1910, Rivas Mercado was a Federal Deputy representing Guanajuato.[2]

Rivas Mercado was Director of the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes in Mexico City from 1903 to 1912. He instituted new methods of study and design and is said to have modified the curriculum of the "Architecture and Civil Engineering" major in order to make two different ones out of it. During his tenure he funded Diego Rivera's scholarship to study painting in Europe.

President Venustiano Carranza commissioned Rivas Mercado to renovate the Military Academy annex of Chapultepec Castle to better accommodate a presidential residence. Shortly after his work on Chapultepec Castle, he moved back to Paris. However, he returned to Mexico in 1926 and died a few months later in Mexico City, aged 74.

[edit]

Personal life

[edit]

He was the father of Antonieta Rivas Mercado.

On 26 February 2019, Google celebrated what would have been Mercado's 166th birthday with a Google doodle.[3]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Martínez, Mariela (4 March 2020). "Antonio Rivas Mercado, un mexicano notable en el mundo de la arquitectura". Architectural Digest (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  2. ^ "Antonio Rivas Mercado". Casa Rivas Mercado (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  3. ^ "Antonio Rivas Mercado's 166th Birthday". Google. Retrieved 2019-03-02.
[edit]
  1. Turner, Jane, ed. (1996). The Dictionary of Art. New York: Grove's Dictionaries. ISBN 1-884446-00-0.
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