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===Early history===
===Early history===
[[File:Edinburgh Castle from Portsburgh.jpg|thumb|[[Edinburgh Castle]], command headquarters from 1905 to 1955]]
[[File:Edinburgh Castle from Portsburgh.jpg|thumb|[[Edinburgh Castle]], command headquarters from 1905 to 1955]]
Great Britain was divided into [[military district]]s on the outbreak of [[Anglo-French War (1793–1802)|war with France]] in 1793.<ref>Robert Burnham and Ron McGuigan, ''The British Army Against Napoleon: Facts, Lists and Trivia, 1805–1815'' (2010) [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-wGSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 p. 7].</ref> The Scottish District was commanded by the Commander-in-Chief, Scotland. In January 1876 a ‘Mobilization Scheme for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published, with the ‘Active Army’ divided into eight army corps based on the District Commands. [[VIII Corps (United Kingdom)|8th Corps]] was to be formed within Scottish Command, based at [[Edinburgh]]. This scheme disappeared in 1881, when the districts were retitled ‘District Commands.<ref>''Army List'' 1876–1881.</ref>
Great Britain was divided into [[military district]]s on the outbreak of [[Anglo-French War (1793–1802)|war with France]] in 1793.<ref>Robert Burnham and Ron McGuigan, ''The British Army Against Napoleon: Facts, Lists and Trivia, 1805–1815'' (2010) [https://books.google.com/books?id=-wGSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA7 p. 7].</ref> The Scottish District was commanded by the Commander-in-Chief, Scotland. In January 1876 a ‘Mobilization Scheme for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published, with the ‘Active Army’ divided into eight army corps based on the District Commands. [[VIII Corps (United Kingdom)|8th Corps]] was to be formed within Scottish Command, based at [[Edinburgh]]. This scheme disappeared in 1881, when the districts were retitled ‘District Commands.<ref>''Army List'' 1876–1881.</ref>


===Early twentieth century===
===Early twentieth century===
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===First World War===
===First World War===
Army Order No 324, issued on 21 August 1914, authorised the formation of a 'New Army' of six Divisions, manned by volunteers who had responded to [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Earl Kitchener]]'s appeal (hence the First New Army was known as 'K1'). Each division was to be under the administration of one of the Home Commands, and Scottish Command formed what became the [[9th (Scottish) Division]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/9div.htm|title=9th Division|publisher= The long, long trail|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> It was followed by [[15th (Scottish) Infantry Division|15th (Scottish) Division]] of K2 in September 1914.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/15div.htm|title=15th Division|publisher= The long, long trail|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> The [[64th (2nd Highland) Division]] was established in the Command by 1915 after the departure of [[51st (Highland) Division]] for France.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 February 2012|publisher=The Long Long Trail|title=64th (2nd Highland) Division|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/64%282H%29div.html}}</ref>
Army Order No 324, issued on 21 August 1914, authorised the formation of a 'New Army' of six Divisions, manned by volunteers who had responded to [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Earl Kitchener]]'s appeal (hence the First New Army was known as 'K1'). Each division was to be under the administration of one of the Home Commands, and Scottish Command formed what became the [[9th (Scottish) Division]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/9div.htm|title=9th Division|publisher= The long, long trail|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> It was followed by [[15th (Scottish) Division]] of K2 in September 1914.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/15div.htm|title=15th Division|publisher= The long, long trail|access-date=14 December 2015}}</ref> The [[64th (2nd Highland) Division]] was established in the Command by 1915 after the departure of [[51st (Highland) Division]] for France.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2 February 2012|publisher=The Long Long Trail|title=64th (2nd Highland) Division|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/64%282H%29div.html}}</ref>


===Second World War===
===Second World War===
In September 1939 consisted of Highland Area with [[9th (Highland) Infantry Division]] and [[51st (Highland) Division|51st (Highland) Infantry Division]], and Lowland Area with [[15th (Scottish) Infantry Division]] and [[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division]], plus other troops.<ref name=orbat>Leo Niehorster, [http://niehorster.org/017_britain/39_commands/scottish.html Scottish Command]. Retrieved December 2008</ref> By 1940 during the [[Battle of Britain]] the command was responsible to [[Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/If_Hitler_Comes/VbG8BQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=&pg=PA1943&printsec=frontcover|title=If Hitler Comes: Preparing for Invasion: Scotland 1940|first=Gordon|last=Barclay|year=2013|publisher=Birlinn|isbn=978-0857905895}}</ref>
In September 1939 consisted of Highland Area with [[9th (Highland) Infantry Division]] and [[51st (Highland) Division|51st (Highland) Infantry Division]], and Lowland Area with [[15th (Scottish) Infantry Division]] and [[52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division]], plus other troops.<ref name=orbat>Leo Niehorster, [http://niehorster.org/017_britain/39_commands/scottish.html Scottish Command]. Retrieved December 2008</ref> By 1940 during the [[Battle of Britain]] the command was responsible to [[Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VbG8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1943|title=If Hitler Comes: Preparing for Invasion: Scotland 1940|first=Gordon|last=Barclay|year=2013|publisher=Birlinn|isbn=978-0857905895}}</ref>


As France was capitulating, General [[Władysław Sikorski]]. the Polish [[commander-in-chief]] and prime minister, was able to evacuate many Polish troops—probably over 20,000—to the United Kingdom.<ref name="ŚPolWPWF">{{in lang|pl}} [http://www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl/index.php?id=pb05 Wojsko Polskie we Francji]. Świat Polonii. Various sources give estimates that can differ by a few percent.</ref> After initially regrouping in southern Scotland<ref name="Dunningan">[[Jim Dunnigan|James Dunnigan]], [[Albert Nofi]]; ''Dirty Little Secrets of World War II: Military Information No One Told You By'', HarperCollins, 1996, {{ISBN|0-688-12288-4}}, [https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0688122884&id=vF_BXyjdWJIC&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=Royal+Air+Force+Poland+September+1939&sig=NM9CbV0lG0PbnMiIR45_qNDLAMY#PPA139,M1 Google Print, p.139]</ref> [[Polish Army in United Kingdom|these Polish ground units]] (as [[I Corps (Polish Armed Forces in the West)|I Corps]], comprising the 1st Independent Rifle Brigade, the 10th Motorised Cavalry Brigade (as infantry) and [[En cadre|cadre]] brigades largely manned by surplus officers at battalion strength) took over responsibility in October 1940 for the defence of the counties of [[Fife]] and [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]]; this included reinforcing coastal defences that had already been started. I Corps was under the direct command of Scottish Command. While in this area the Corps was reorganised and expanded.<ref name="Lion">Diana M. Henderson, ''The Lion and the Eagle: Polish Second World War Veterans in Scotland'', Cualann Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-9535036-4-X}}</ref>
As France was capitulating, General [[Władysław Sikorski]]. the Polish [[commander-in-chief]] and prime minister, was able to evacuate many Polish troops—probably over 20,000—to the United Kingdom.<ref name="ŚPolWPWF">{{in lang|pl}} [http://www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl/index.php?id=pb05 Wojsko Polskie we Francji]. Świat Polonii. Various sources give estimates that can differ by a few percent.</ref> After initially regrouping in southern Scotland<ref name="Dunningan">[[Jim Dunnigan|James Dunnigan]], [[Albert Nofi]]; ''Dirty Little Secrets of World War II: Military Information No One Told You By'', HarperCollins, 1996, {{ISBN|0-688-12288-4}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=vF_BXyjdWJIC&dq=Royal+Air+Force+Poland+September+1939&pg=PA138 Google Print, p.139]</ref> [[Polish Army in United Kingdom|these Polish ground units]] (as [[I Corps (Polish Armed Forces in the West)|I Corps]], comprising the 1st Independent Rifle Brigade, the 10th Motorised Cavalry Brigade (as infantry) and [[En cadre|cadre]] brigades largely manned by surplus officers at battalion strength) took over responsibility in October 1940 for the defence of the counties of [[Fife]] and [[Angus, Scotland|Angus]]; this included reinforcing coastal defences that had already been started. I Corps was under the direct command of Scottish Command. While in this area the Corps was reorganised and expanded.<ref name="Lion">Diana M. Henderson, ''The Lion and the Eagle: Polish Second World War Veterans in Scotland'', Cualann Press, 2001, {{ISBN|0-9535036-4-X}}</ref>


===Post War===
===Post War===
In 1950, the 51st/52nd (Scottish) Division was split, restoring the independence of the 52nd Lowland Division, which took regional command of [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] units based in the Scottish Lowlands, including the Territorial infantry battalions of the [[Lowland Brigade (Scottish)|Lowland Brigade]] regiments.<ref>''Reorganizing Territorials'', [[The Times]], 21 July 1960.</ref>
In 1950, the 51st/52nd (Scottish) Division was split, restoring the independence of the 52nd Lowland Division, which took regional command of [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] units based in the Scottish Lowlands, including the Territorial infantry battalions of the [[Lowland Brigade (Scottish)|Lowland Brigade]] regiments.<ref>''Reorganizing Territorials'', [[The Times]], 21 July 1960.</ref>


In 1948, the [[9th Special Communications Unit (United Kingdom)|9th Special Communications Unit]] was formed in [[Forfar]] administered by Scottish Command. The 30th Armoured Brigade was reformed in Scotland after the war as a fully [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] formation, known as the [[30th (Lowland) Independent Armoured Brigade]]. It was headquartered in [[Glasgow]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Watson|first=Dr. Graham|date=10 March 2002|title=United Kingdom: The Territorial Army 1947|url=http://www.orbat.info/history/historical/uk/ta47.html|access-date=6 January 2022|website=Information on Orders of Battle}}</ref>
In 1948, the [[9th Special Communications Unit (United Kingdom)|9th Special Communications Unit]] was formed in [[Forfar]] administered by Scottish Command. The 30th Armoured Brigade was reformed in Scotland after the war as a fully [[Territorial Army (United Kingdom)|Territorial Army]] formation, known as the [[30th (Lowland) Independent Armoured Brigade]]. It was headquartered in [[Glasgow]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Watson|first=Graham|date=10 March 2002|title=United Kingdom: The Territorial Army 1947|url=http://www.orbat.info/history/historical/uk/ta47.html|access-date=6 January 2022|website=Information on Orders of Battle}}</ref>
[[File:Craigiehallold.jpg|thumb|[[Craigiehall]], command headquarters from 1955 to 2000]]
[[File:Craigiehallold.jpg|thumb|[[Craigiehall]], command headquarters from 1955 to 2000]]
In 1955, Headquarters Scottish Command moved into modern facilities at [[Craigiehall]], close to [[Cramond]], around 9 km (5.6 mi) west of central [[Edinburgh]]. At this time, the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief had 92 separate locations under his command, with 2,500 regular service men and women and 8,800 members of the Territorial Army, representing 14% of the total across the UK.<ref>Trevor Royle, "Facing the Bear: Scotland and the Cold War," via [[Google Books]].</ref>
In 1955, Headquarters Scottish Command moved into modern facilities at [[Craigiehall]], close to [[Cramond]], around 9 km (5.6 mi) west of central [[Edinburgh]]. At this time, the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief had 92 separate locations under his command, with 2,500 regular service men and women and 8,800 members of the Territorial Army, representing 14% of the total across the UK.<ref>Trevor Royle, "Facing the Bear: Scotland and the Cold War," via [[Google Books]].</ref>
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* 1816–1819: [[John Hope (British Army officer, born 1765)|Sir John Hope]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hOcNAAAAQAAJ&q=scotland|title=Army List January 1817|year=1817|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref>
* 1816–1819: [[John Hope (British Army officer, born 1765)|Sir John Hope]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hOcNAAAAQAAJ&q=scotland|title=Army List January 1817|year=1817|access-date=21 December 2014}}</ref>
* 1819–1825: Lieutenant-General [[Thomas Bradford|Sir Thomas Bradford]]<ref>Ron McGuigan, [http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/BritishGenerals/c_Britishgenerals68.html Bradford, Thomas] in ''British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815''. The Napoleon Series, 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2012.</ref>
* 1819–1825: Lieutenant-General [[Thomas Bradford|Sir Thomas Bradford]]<ref>Ron McGuigan, [http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/BritishGenerals/c_Britishgenerals68.html Bradford, Thomas] in ''British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815''. The Napoleon Series, 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2012.</ref>
* 1825–1830: Lieutenant-General [[Robert O'Callaghan|Sir Robert O'Callaghan]]<ref>Ron McGuigan, [http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/BritishGenerals/c_Britishgenerals95.html O'Callaghan, Robert William] in ''British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815''. The Napoleon Series, 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2012.</ref>
* 1825–1830: Lieutenant-General [[Robert O'Callaghan (British Army officer)|Sir Robert O'Callaghan]]<ref>Ron McGuigan, [http://www.napoleon-series.org/research/biographies/BritishGenerals/c_Britishgenerals95.html O'Callaghan, Robert William] in ''British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815''. The Napoleon Series, 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2012.</ref>
* 1830–1837: General [[Patrick Stuart (British Army general)|Patrick Stuart]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RroUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA305 |title=The Gentleman's magazine|access-date=29 November 2014|last1=Cave|first1=Edward|year=1855}}</ref>
* 1830–1837: General [[Patrick Stuart (British Army officer, born 1777)|Patrick Stuart]]<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RroUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA305 |title=The Gentleman's magazine|access-date=29 November 2014|last1=Cave|first1=Edward|year=1855}}</ref>
* 1837–1842: General [[Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart|Lord Greenock]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4886?docPos=2 | title=Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart |publisher= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1837–1842: General [[Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart|Lord Greenock]]<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/4886?docPos=2 | title=Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart | date=2004 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/4886 |access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1842–1847: Lieutenant-General [[Neil Douglas|Sir Neil Douglas]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7913?docPos=1|title=Neil Douglas|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref>
* 1842–1847: Lieutenant-General [[Neil Douglas|Sir Neil Douglas]]<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/7913?docPos=1|title=Neil Douglas|date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/7913 |access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref>
* 1847–1852: General [[Henry Riddell]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20711|page=918|date=5 March 1847}}</ref>
* 1847–1852: General [[Henry Riddell]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=20711|page=918|date=5 March 1847}}</ref>
* 1852–1854: General [[Thomas Napier (British Army officer)|Sir Thomas Napier]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/19771?docPos=2|title=Thomas Ernest Napier|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref>
* 1852–1854: General [[Thomas Napier (British Army officer)|Sir Thomas Napier]]<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/19771?docPos=2|title=Thomas Ernest Napier|date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/19771 |access-date=29 October 2014}}</ref>
* 1854–1860: General [[Henry Dundas, 3rd Viscount Melville|Viscount Melville]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8251?docPos=2|title=Henry Dundas, 3rd Viscount Melville|publisher=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1854–1860: General [[Henry Dundas, 3rd Viscount Melville|Viscount Melville]]<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/8251?docPos=2|title=Henry Dundas, 3rd Viscount Melville|date=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8251 |access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1860–1861: Major-General [[Duncan Cameron (British Army officer)|Duncan Cameron]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | last = Wards | first = Ian McLean | title =CAMERON, Sir Duncan Alexander, G.C.B. | encyclopedia =An Encyclopedia of New Zealand | year = 1966 | url =http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/cameron-sir-duncan-alexander-gcb|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1860–1861: Major-General [[Duncan Cameron (British Army officer)|Duncan Cameron]]<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | last = Wards | first = Ian McLean | title =CAMERON, Sir Duncan Alexander, G.C.B. | encyclopedia =An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand | year = 1966 | url =http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/cameron-sir-duncan-alexander-gcb|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1861–1867: Major-General [[Edward Forestier-Walker]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/scotreg/rosshire/ross6.htm|title=The 78th Highlanders or Ross-Shire Buffs|publisher=Electric Scotland|access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref>
* 1861–1867: Major-General [[Edward Forestier-Walker]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/scotreg/rosshire/ross6.htm|title=The 78th Highlanders or Ross-Shire Buffs|publisher=Electric Scotland|access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref>


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* 1868–1873: Major-General [[Randal Rumley]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/Cudmore.pdf|title=News|publisher=Limerick City|year=1868|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1868–1873: Major-General [[Randal Rumley]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.limerickcity.ie/media/Cudmore.pdf|title=News|publisher=Limerick City|year=1868|access-date=30 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1873–1875: Major-General [[John Douglas (British Army officer)|Sir John Douglas]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/scotreg/camerons/chap3.htm|title=The 79th Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1873 – 1886|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1873–1875: Major-General [[John Douglas (British Army officer)|Sir John Douglas]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.electricscotland.com/history/scotreg/camerons/chap3.htm|title=The 79th Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1873 – 1886|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1875–1878: Major-General [[John Stuart (British Army officer)|John Stuart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/historicalrecord00clarrich/historicalrecord00clarrich_djvu.txt|title=Historical record and regimental memoir of the Royal Scots fusiliers, formerly known as the 21st Royal North British fusiliers. Containing an account of the formation of the regiment in 1678 and its subsequent services until June 1885|access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1875–1878: Major-General [[John Stuart (British Army officer)|John Stuart]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/historicalrecord00clarrich/historicalrecord00clarrich_djvu.txt|title=Historical record and regimental memoir of the Royal Scots fusiliers, formerly known as the 21st Royal North British fusiliers. Containing an account of the formation of the regiment in 1678 and its subsequent services until June 1885|date=21 April 1885 |access-date=29 November 2014}}</ref>
* 1878–1880: Major-General [[Robert Bruce (British Army officer, born 1821)|Robert Bruce]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=104549222&mode=transcription|title=Hart's Army List 1879|page=117|access-date=23 July 2016}}</ref>
* 1878–1880: Major-General [[Robert Bruce (British Army officer, born 1821)|Robert Bruce]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://digital.nls.uk/british-military-lists/pageturner.cfm?id=104549222&mode=transcription|title=Hart's Army List 1879|page=117|access-date=23 July 2016}}</ref>
* 1880–1881: Major-General [[Sir William Hope, 14th Baronet|William Hope]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24954|page=1360|date=25 March 1881}}</ref>
* 1880–1881: Major-General [[Sir William Hope, 14th Baronet|William Hope]]<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=24954|page=1360|date=25 March 1881}}</ref>
Line 138: Line 138:
*1945 – 1947 Lieutenant General Sir [[Neil Ritchie]]
*1945 – 1947 Lieutenant General Sir [[Neil Ritchie]]
*1947 – 1949 Lieutenant General Sir [[Philip Christison]]
*1947 – 1949 Lieutenant General Sir [[Philip Christison]]
*1949 – 1952 Lieutenant General Sir [[Gordon McMillan]]
*1949 – 1952 Lieutenant General Sir [[Gordon MacMillan]]
*1952 – 1955 Lieutenant General Sir [[Colin Muir Barber|Colin Barber]]
*1952 – 1955 Lieutenant General Sir [[Colin Muir Barber|Colin Barber]]
*1955 – 1958 Lieutenant General Sir [[Horatius Murray]]
*1955 – 1958 Lieutenant General Sir [[Horatius Murray]]
Line 166: Line 166:
*2017–2019 Major-General [[Bob Bruce (British Army officer)|Bob Bruce]]
*2017–2019 Major-General [[Bob Bruce (British Army officer)|Bob Bruce]]
*2019–2021 Major-General [[Tim Hyams]]
*2019–2021 Major-General [[Tim Hyams]]
*2021–present Major-General [[William Wright (British Army officer)|William Wright]]
*2021–2023 Major-General [[William Wright (British Army officer)|William Wright]]
*2023–present Major-General [[Robin Lindsay (British Army officer)|Robin Lindsay]]<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=64200 |date=17 October 2023 |page=20803 |supp= y}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 15:40, 4 August 2024

For the Royal Navy post, see Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England, Northern Ireland.

Scottish Command (from 1972 Army Headquarters Scotland)
Active1905–1972
2012–2014
CountryUnited Kingdom
Branch British Army
TypeCommand
Garrison/HQEdinburgh

Scottish Command or Army Headquarters Scotland (from 1972) is a command of the British Army.

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]
Edinburgh Castle, command headquarters from 1905 to 1955

Great Britain was divided into military districts on the outbreak of war with France in 1793.[1] The Scottish District was commanded by the Commander-in-Chief, Scotland. In January 1876 a ‘Mobilization Scheme for the forces in Great Britain and Ireland’ was published, with the ‘Active Army’ divided into eight army corps based on the District Commands. 8th Corps was to be formed within Scottish Command, based at Edinburgh. This scheme disappeared in 1881, when the districts were retitled ‘District Commands.[2]

Early twentieth century

[edit]

The 1901 Army Estimates introduced by St John Brodrick allowed for six army corps based on six regional commands. As outlined in a paper published in 1903, VI Corps was to be formed in a reconstituted Scottish Command, with HQ at Edinburgh.[3] Lieutenant General Sir Charles Tucker was appointed acting General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOCinC) of VI Corps in April 1903. Scottish Command was established in 1905 at Edinburgh Castle but moved to Craigiehall in 1955.[4]

First World War

[edit]

Army Order No 324, issued on 21 August 1914, authorised the formation of a 'New Army' of six Divisions, manned by volunteers who had responded to Earl Kitchener's appeal (hence the First New Army was known as 'K1'). Each division was to be under the administration of one of the Home Commands, and Scottish Command formed what became the 9th (Scottish) Division.[5] It was followed by 15th (Scottish) Division of K2 in September 1914.[6] The 64th (2nd Highland) Division was established in the Command by 1915 after the departure of 51st (Highland) Division for France.[7]

Second World War

[edit]

In September 1939 consisted of Highland Area with 9th (Highland) Infantry Division and 51st (Highland) Infantry Division, and Lowland Area with 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division and 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division, plus other troops.[8] By 1940 during the Battle of Britain the command was responsible to Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces.[9]

As France was capitulating, General Władysław Sikorski. the Polish commander-in-chief and prime minister, was able to evacuate many Polish troops—probably over 20,000—to the United Kingdom.[10] After initially regrouping in southern Scotland[11] these Polish ground units (as I Corps, comprising the 1st Independent Rifle Brigade, the 10th Motorised Cavalry Brigade (as infantry) and cadre brigades largely manned by surplus officers at battalion strength) took over responsibility in October 1940 for the defence of the counties of Fife and Angus; this included reinforcing coastal defences that had already been started. I Corps was under the direct command of Scottish Command. While in this area the Corps was reorganised and expanded.[12]

Post War

[edit]

In 1950, the 51st/52nd (Scottish) Division was split, restoring the independence of the 52nd Lowland Division, which took regional command of Territorial Army units based in the Scottish Lowlands, including the Territorial infantry battalions of the Lowland Brigade regiments.[13]

In 1948, the 9th Special Communications Unit was formed in Forfar administered by Scottish Command. The 30th Armoured Brigade was reformed in Scotland after the war as a fully Territorial Army formation, known as the 30th (Lowland) Independent Armoured Brigade. It was headquartered in Glasgow.[14]

Craigiehall, command headquarters from 1955 to 2000

In 1955, Headquarters Scottish Command moved into modern facilities at Craigiehall, close to Cramond, around 9 km (5.6 mi) west of central Edinburgh. At this time, the General Officer Commanding-in-Chief had 92 separate locations under his command, with 2,500 regular service men and women and 8,800 members of the Territorial Army, representing 14% of the total across the UK.[15]

The Command was merged into HQ United Kingdom Land Forces (HQ UKLF) in 1972 and the headquarters in Scotland was downgraded to the status of a district, known as Army Headquarters Scotland. Scotland continued to have district status until 2000 when the last General Officer Commanding Scotland stood down and the Army HQ Scotland was replaced by HQ 2nd Infantry Division with control of troops in Scotland and the North of England.[16]

General Officers Commanding

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Commanders-in-Chief have included:[17][18][19]

Commander-in-Chief, Scottish Army

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Commander-in-Chief, Scotland (or North Britain)

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Commanding the troops in the North British District

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Commanding the troops in the Scottish District

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General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Scottish District

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General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Scottish Command

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General Officer Commanding, Scotland

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Note: There was no General Officer Commanding, Scotland between 2000 and 2012

Military Secretary and General Officer, Scotland

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References

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  1. ^ Robert Burnham and Ron McGuigan, The British Army Against Napoleon: Facts, Lists and Trivia, 1805–1815 (2010) p. 7.
  2. ^ Army List 1876–1881.
  3. ^ Col John K. Dunlop, The Development of the British Army 1899–1914, London: Methuen, 1938.
  4. ^ "Subterranea Britannica: Research Study Group: Sites: Wilton Park (Beaconsfield): Eastern Command War HQ & AFHQ 5". Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  5. ^ "9th Division". The long, long trail. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  6. ^ "15th Division". The long, long trail. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  7. ^ "64th (2nd Highland) Division". The Long Long Trail. Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  8. ^ Leo Niehorster, Scottish Command. Retrieved December 2008
  9. ^ Barclay, Gordon (2013). If Hitler Comes: Preparing for Invasion: Scotland 1940. Birlinn. ISBN 978-0857905895.
  10. ^ (in Polish) Wojsko Polskie we Francji. Świat Polonii. Various sources give estimates that can differ by a few percent.
  11. ^ James Dunnigan, Albert Nofi; Dirty Little Secrets of World War II: Military Information No One Told You By, HarperCollins, 1996, ISBN 0-688-12288-4, Google Print, p.139
  12. ^ Diana M. Henderson, The Lion and the Eagle: Polish Second World War Veterans in Scotland, Cualann Press, 2001, ISBN 0-9535036-4-X
  13. ^ Reorganizing Territorials, The Times, 21 July 1960.
  14. ^ Watson, Graham (10 March 2002). "United Kingdom: The Territorial Army 1947". Information on Orders of Battle. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  15. ^ Trevor Royle, "Facing the Bear: Scotland and the Cold War," via Google Books.
  16. ^ Major change of direction Mark Strudwick; After commanding the Army in Scotland, running PSYBT is a surprisingly suitable new career The Glasgow Herald, 25 June 2006
  17. ^ Whitaker's Almanacks 1905 – 2000
  18. ^ "Scottish Command [UK]". Archived from the original on 22 February 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  19. ^ Army Commands Archived 5 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Charles Dalton, The Scots army, 1661–1688, with memoirs of the commanders-in-chief (London, 1909).
  21. ^ Charles Dalton, English Army Lists and Commission Registers volume 5 (London, 1902) page 226.
  22. ^ Patrick Cracroft-Brennan, Dalhousie, Earl of (S, 1633) in Cracroft's Peerage. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  23. ^ Charles Dalton, English Army Lists and Commission Registers, volume 6 (London, 1904) page 220.
  24. ^ "No. 9140". The London Gazette. 11–15 February 1752. p. 2.
  25. ^ "No. 9321". The London Gazette. 17–20 November 1753. p. 1.
  26. ^ R. S. Lea, BEAUCLERK, Lord George (1704–68). in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1715–1754 (1970). Online version. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  27. ^ Edith, Lady Haden-Guest, MACKAY, Hon. Alexander (1717–89), of Strathtongue, Sutherland. in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1754–1790 (1964). Online version. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  28. ^ D. G. Henry, ABERCROMBY, Sir Ralph (1734–1801), of Tullibody, Clackmannan. in The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1790–1820 (1986). Online version. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  29. ^ Richard Cannon, Historical Record of the Forty-Sixth, or the South Devonshire Regiment of Foot (London, 1851) pages 71–72.
  30. ^ Army List January 1817. 1817. Retrieved 21 December 2014.
  31. ^ Ron McGuigan, Bradford, Thomas in British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815. The Napoleon Series, 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  32. ^ Ron McGuigan, O'Callaghan, Robert William in British Generals of the Napoleonic Wars 1793–1815. The Napoleon Series, 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  33. ^ Cave, Edward (1855). The Gentleman's magazine. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  34. ^ "Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4886. Retrieved 29 November 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  35. ^ "Neil Douglas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/7913. Retrieved 29 October 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  36. ^ "No. 20711". The London Gazette. 5 March 1847. p. 918.
  37. ^ "Thomas Ernest Napier". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/19771. Retrieved 29 October 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  38. ^ "Henry Dundas, 3rd Viscount Melville". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8251. Retrieved 29 November 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  39. ^ Wards, Ian McLean (1966). "CAMERON, Sir Duncan Alexander, G.C.B.". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  40. ^ "The 78th Highlanders or Ross-Shire Buffs". Electric Scotland. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
  41. ^ "News" (PDF). Limerick City. 1868. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  42. ^ "The 79th Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders 1873 – 1886". Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  43. ^ "Historical record and regimental memoir of the Royal Scots fusiliers, formerly known as the 21st Royal North British fusiliers. Containing an account of the formation of the regiment in 1678 and its subsequent services until June 1885". 21 April 1885. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  44. ^ "Hart's Army List 1879". p. 117. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  45. ^ "No. 24954". The London Gazette. 25 March 1881. p. 1360.
  46. ^ "The clan Donald (Volume 3)". Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  47. ^ "No. 25452". The London Gazette. 17 March 1885. p. 1197.
  48. ^ "No. 25784". The London Gazette. 7 February 1888. p. 819.
  49. ^ "No. 26372". The London Gazette. 14 February 1893. p. 822.
  50. ^ "Rowlands, Sir Hugh". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  51. ^ "No. 27312". The London Gazette. 10 May 1901. p. 3202.
  52. ^ "No. 64200". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 October 2023. p. 20803.
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