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A cross necklace is any necklace featuring a Christian cross or crucifix.^[1]

Crosses are often worn as an indication of commitment to the Christian faith,^[2]^[3]^[4] and are sometimes received as gifts for rites such as baptism and confirmation.^[5]^[6] Communicants of the Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox churches are expected to wear their baptismal cross necklaces at all times.^[7]^[8]

Some Christians believe that the wearing of a cross offers protection from evil,^[7]^[9]^[10] while others, Christian and non-Christian, wear cross necklaces as a fashion accessory.^[11]

"In the first centuries of the Christian era, the cross was a clandestine symbol used by the persecuted adherents of the new religion."^[12] Many Christian bishops of various denominations, such as the Orthodox Church, wear a pectoral cross as a sign of their order.

Most adherents of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church will wear a cross attached to either a chain or a matäb, a silk cord.^[13]^{[unreliable source?]} The matäb is tied about the neck at the time of baptism, and the recipient is expected to wear the matäb at all times. Women will often affix a cross or other pendant to the matäb, but this is not considered essential.^[14]

In some nations, such as the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, an atheist state, the wearing of cross necklaces was historically banned.^[15]

Some denominations, like Jehovah's Witnesses, believe wearing a cross is forbidden by commandments against idolatry.^[16]

In two highly publicised British cases, nurse Shirley Chaplin and British Airways flight attendant Nadia Eweida were disciplined for wearing cross necklaces at work, in breach of their employment terms. Both took their cases to the European Court of Human Rights;^[17] Chaplin's case was dismissed, while Eweida was awarded damages on the grounds that the UK government had failed to weigh her right to religious expression heavily enough.^[18] In light of such cases, in 2012 the former archbishop of Canterbury of the Anglican Communion, Lord Carey of Clifton, and then head of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland, Cardinal Keith O'Brien, have urged all Christians to wear cross necklaces regularly.^[19]

Gallery

Tricia Helfer wearing a cross necklace
A rosary hanging from the rear-view mirror of a car
Anchored cross necklace wore by seaman
A man with three different cross necklaces
Bianka wearing a cross necklace of the crucifix variant
A cross pendant with double-headed eagle, made in Poland in the late 17th century
Jens Filbrich wearing a cross necklace
A cross necklace of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul religious order
Celina Jaitley wearing a cross necklace
Eastern Orthodox Christian cross necklace made of wood
Lena Meyer-Landrut wearing a cross necklace of the ecumenical Christian Taizé Community
Miriam Shaded wearing a cross necklace
Vladimir Putin wearing a cross necklace
Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (also King of Portugal as Pedro IV) wearing a crucifix cross necklace on his deathbed
Princess Leopoldina of Brazil wearing a large cross necklace

References

^ John Renard (1 August 2001). The Handy Religion Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1578591252. Individuals wearing or displaying either a cross or the fish symbol might belong to any of a number of Christian denominations or communities.
^ Liz James (30 April 2008). Supernaturalism in Christianity: Its Growth and Cure. Mercer University Press. ISBN 9780881460940. Most Christians who have worn crosses have probably not trivialized a core teaching of Jesus about renouncing self-centeredness, figuratively described as carrying one's cross. For them the symbol is perceived not as powerful magic, or as a lovely decoration to impress others, but as a reminder primarily to themselves of their commitment to one who laid down His life in love for friends and enemies.
^ William E. Phipps (4 May 2010). A Companion to Byzantium. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781405126540. In fact cross-wearers, and those depositing icons and other valuables in the graves of loved ones, probably considered themselves true to Christ and His Cross.
^ Mark U. Edwards (17 September 2006). Religion on Our Campuses. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 22. ISBN 1403972109. Consider, for example, dress and jewelry. An Orthodox Jewish male student may wear a yarmulke or a Moslem female student a headscarf, and Christian students of both sexes may wear crosses.
^ Jordan, Anne (5 April 2000). Christianity. Nelson Thornes. ISBN 9780748753208. Most Orthodox Christians wear this cross for the rest of their lives.
^ On Wearing the Cross. Greek Orthodox Church. 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2012-04-11. At holy Baptism, every Orthodox Christian receives an image of the Precious Cross to be worn around the neck. From the moment of Baptism until the moment of death, every Orthodox Christian should wear the Cross at every moment.
^ ^a ^b Samaan, Moses (25 August 2010). "Who wears the Cross and when?". Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
^ Konstantopoulos, George D. (18 September 2017). "All Orthodox Christians are Given a Cross Following Their Baptism to Wear for Life". St. Andrew Greek Orthodox Church. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
^ Liz James (30 April 2008). Supernaturalism in Christianity: Its Growth and Cure. Mercer University Press. ISBN 9780881460940. From the fifth century onward, the cross has been widely worn as an amulet, and the novel Dracula treats it as a protection against vampires. Many Christians continue to hang polished miniatures of the cross around their necks.
^ Michael Symmons Roberts (2011-09-12). "The Cross". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The belief that the cross can ward off evil and protect the wearer goes back a long way.
^ Reader, John; Baker, Chris (7 May 2009). Entering the New Theological Space. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0754663393. A cross necklace is a Christian symbol, but it is also common enough in secular style that it may be worn by those for whom it has little or no meaning beyond the cultural or fashionable.
^ Metropolitan Jewelry, (Sophie McConnell, ed.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), 1991, p. 66 ISBN 9780870996160
^ The Ethiopian Orthodox Church (2003) [1970]. Aymero W; Joachim M (eds.). "The Sacramental: The cross and the crucifix". The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Orthodox mission. Archived from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2015 – via Ethiopianorthodox.org. Attached to a cord or fine chain [the cross] is worn around the neck of nearly all Christians right from childhood until death.
^ Siegbert Uhlig (2007). Encyclopædia Aethiopica: He-N. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 9783447056076. The Matäb, an emblem of Christianity in Ethiopia, is a blue (sometimes black) silk cord tied around the neck of a child during the baptism ceremony [...] Women may later append various elements on the M., though a simple cord is already considered a fully valuable M. The possible pendants include a cross [...] They can be freely combined, none of them being essential.
^ Tomko, Jozef (28 February 2007). On Missionary Roads. Ignatius Press. p. 452. ISBN 9781586171650. Retrieved 9 April 2014. In 1967, Hoxha proudly declared Albania to be the first completely atheistic state. It was once a chiefly Muslim country with a Catholic minority and small groups of Greek Orthodox in the south. From the onset of communist rule, all religions had to cut their ties with their centers abroad. practically all the priests who survived the initial persecutions were confined in prisons or work camps. Religious orders were abolished, and all religious rituals, including the celebration of the sacraments, were prohibited and punishable by the death penalty for those officiating. The people were not even allowed to have religious necklaces or to wear such things as small crosses.
^ What Does the Bible Really Teach?. Watch Tower Society. 2005. pp. 51, 201–204.
^ "Cardinal Keith O'Brien urges Christians to 'proudly' wear cross". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 7 April 2012. Former nurse Shirley Chaplin, from Exeter, and Nadia Eweida, from Twickenham, who worked with British Airways, are taking their call for all employees to be able to wear a cross at work to the European Court of Human Rights.
^ "Cross case nurse Shirley Chaplin plans to appeal ruling". BBC News. 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
^ "Christians urged to wear cross after moves to 'sideline' faith". The Daily Telegraph. 6 April 2012. Lord Carey, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, and Cardinal Keith O'Brien, the Scottish Roman Catholic leader, are among those urging Christians to demonstrate their beliefs publicly after a series of cases placing religious freedom in the spotlight.

External links

[Identification-1] John Renard (1 August 2001). The Handy Religion Answer Book. Visible Ink Press. ISBN 1578591252. Individuals wearing or displaying either a cross or the fish symbol might belong to any of a number of Christian denominations or communities.

[Reason-2] Liz James (30 April 2008). Supernaturalism in Christianity: Its Growth and Cure. Mercer University Press. ISBN 9780881460940. Most Christians who have worn crosses have probably not trivialized a core teaching of Jesus about renouncing self-centeredness, figuratively described as carrying one's cross. For them the symbol is perceived not as powerful magic, or as a lovely decoration to impress others, but as a reminder primarily to themselves of their commitment to one who laid down His life in love for friends and enemies.

[3] William E. Phipps (4 May 2010). A Companion to Byzantium. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781405126540. In fact cross-wearers, and those depositing icons and other valuables in the graves of loved ones, probably considered themselves true to Christ and His Cross.

[Pechana-4] Mark U. Edwards (17 September 2006). Religion on Our Campuses. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 22. ISBN 1403972109. Consider, for example, dress and jewelry. An Orthodox Jewish male student may wear a yarmulke or a Moslem female student a headscarf, and Christian students of both sexes may wear crosses.

[Jordan2000-5] Jordan, Anne (5 April 2000). Christianity. Nelson Thornes. ISBN 9780748753208. Most Orthodox Christians wear this cross for the rest of their lives.

[Baptism-6] On Wearing the Cross. Greek Orthodox Church. 2012. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2012-04-11. At holy Baptism, every Orthodox Christian receives an image of the Precious Cross to be worn around the neck. From the moment of Baptism until the moment of death, every Orthodox Christian should wear the Cross at every moment.

[Samaan2010-7] Samaan, Moses (25 August 2010). "Who wears the Cross and when?". Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii. Retrieved 18 August 2020.

[Konstantopoulos-8] Konstantopoulos, George D. (18 September 2017). "All Orthodox Christians are Given a Cross Following Their Baptism to Wear for Life". St. Andrew Greek Orthodox Church. Retrieved 3 August 2024.

[9] Liz James (30 April 2008). Supernaturalism in Christianity: Its Growth and Cure. Mercer University Press. ISBN 9780881460940. From the fifth century onward, the cross has been widely worn as an amulet, and the novel Dracula treats it as a protection against vampires. Many Christians continue to hang polished miniatures of the cross around their necks.

[10] Michael Symmons Roberts (2011-09-12). "The Cross". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The belief that the cross can ward off evil and protect the wearer goes back a long way.

[Necklace-11] Reader, John; Baker, Chris (7 May 2009). Entering the New Theological Space. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0754663393. A cross necklace is a Christian symbol, but it is also common enough in secular style that it may be worn by those for whom it has little or no meaning beyond the cultural or fashionable.

[12] Metropolitan Jewelry, (Sophie McConnell, ed.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), 1991, p. 66 ISBN 9780870996160

[eotc_cross-13] The Ethiopian Orthodox Church (2003) [1970]. Aymero W; Joachim M (eds.). "The Sacramental: The cross and the crucifix". The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Orthodox mission. Archived from the original on 22 March 2013. Retrieved 30 April 2015 – via Ethiopianorthodox.org. Attached to a cord or fine chain [the cross] is worn around the neck of nearly all Christians right from childhood until death.

[Ethiopia-14] Siegbert Uhlig (2007). Encyclopædia Aethiopica: He-N. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 9783447056076. The Matäb, an emblem of Christianity in Ethiopia, is a blue (sometimes black) silk cord tied around the neck of a child during the baptism ceremony [...] Women may later append various elements on the M., though a simple cord is already considered a fully valuable M. The possible pendants include a cross [...] They can be freely combined, none of them being essential.

[Tomko2007-15] Tomko, Jozef (28 February 2007). On Missionary Roads. Ignatius Press. p. 452. ISBN 9781586171650. Retrieved 9 April 2014. In 1967, Hoxha proudly declared Albania to be the first completely atheistic state. It was once a chiefly Muslim country with a Catholic minority and small groups of Greek Orthodox in the south. From the onset of communist rule, all religions had to cut their ties with their centers abroad. practically all the priests who survived the initial persecutions were confined in prisons or work camps. Religious orders were abolished, and all religious rituals, including the celebration of the sacraments, were prohibited and punishable by the death penalty for those officiating. The people were not even allowed to have religious necklaces or to wear such things as small crosses.

[16] What Does the Bible Really Teach?. Watch Tower Society. 2005. pp. 51, 201–204.

[Cardinal-17] "Cardinal Keith O'Brien urges Christians to 'proudly' wear cross". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 7 April 2012. Former nurse Shirley Chaplin, from Exeter, and Nadia Eweida, from Twickenham, who worked with British Airways, are taking their call for all employees to be able to wear a cross at work to the European Court of Human Rights.

[Chaplin_appeal-18] "Cross case nurse Shirley Chaplin plans to appeal ruling". BBC News. 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2017-07-17.

[19] "Christians urged to wear cross after moves to 'sideline' faith". The Daily Telegraph. 6 April 2012. Lord Carey, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, and Cardinal Keith O'Brien, the Scottish Roman Catholic leader, are among those urging Christians to demonstrate their beliefs publicly after a series of cases placing religious freedom in the spotlight.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Apparel bearing a symbol of Christianity}}
 __NOTOC__
-[[File:Wooden Orthodox Cross Necklace.jpg|thumb|Orthodox cross necklace made of wood.]]
+[[File:Petits Chanteurs de Passy - Palm Sunday 2012 (08).jpg|thumb|A cross necklace]]
+[[File:Wooden Orthodox Cross Necklace.jpg|thumb|A cross necklace featuring an Orthodox cross, with three horizontal bars, the bottom bar at an angle]]
 A '''cross necklace''' is any [[necklace]] featuring a [[Christian cross]] or [[crucifix]].<ref name=Identification>{{cite book|author=John Renard|title=The Handy Religion Answer Book|publisher=Visible Ink Press|date=1 August 2001|isbn=1578591252|quote=Individuals wearing or displaying either a cross or the fish symbol might belong to any of a number of Christian denominations or communities.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iScFyPtk_HoC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA144}}</ref>
-Crosses are often worn as an indication of commitment to the [[Christianity|Christian faith]],<ref name=Reason>{{cite book|author=Liz James|title=Supernaturalism in Christianity: Its Growth and Cure|date=30 April 2008|publisher=Mercer University Press|quote=Most Christians who have worn crosses have probably not trivialized a core teaching of Jesus about renouncing self-centeredness, figuratively described as carrying one's cross. For them the symbol is perceived not as powerful magic, or as a lovely decoration to impress others, but as a reminder primarily to themselves of their commitment to one who laid down His life in love for friends and enemies.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hk1dZI5JYzEC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA84|isbn=9780881460940}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=William E. Phipps|title=A Companion to Byzantium|date=4 May 2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|quote=In fact cross-wearers, and those depositing icons and other valuables in the graves of loved ones, probably considered themselves true to Christ and His Cross.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1Mt-t-bgzoC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA185|isbn=9781405126540}}</ref><ref name=Pechana>{{cite book|author=Mark U. Edwards|title=Religion on Our Campuses|date=17 September 2006|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|quote=Consider, for example, dress and jewelry. An Orthodox Jewish male student may wear a yarmulke or a Moslem female student a headscarf, and Christian students of both sexes may wear crosses.|url=https://archive.org/details/religiononourcam0000edwa_a8y3|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/religiononourcam0000edwa_a8y3/page/22 22]|isbn=1403972109}}</ref> and are sometimes received as gifts for [[Christian sacraments|rites]] such as [[baptism]] and [[confirmation]].<ref name="Jordan2000">{{cite book|last1=Jordan|first1=Anne|title=Christianity|date=5 April 2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|quote=Most Orthodox Christians wear this cross for the rest of their lives.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzKVPZthGHUC&q=wearing+cross+orthodox&pg=PA65|isbn=9780748753208}}</ref><ref name=Baptism>{{cite book|title=On Wearing the Cross|year=2012|publisher=[[Greek Orthodox Church]]|quote=At holy Baptism, every Orthodox Christian receives an image of the Precious Cross to be worn around the neck. From the moment of Baptism until the moment of death, every Orthodox Christian should wear the Cross at every moment.|url=http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note1.htm}}</ref> Communicants of the [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]es are expected to wear their baptismal cross necklaces at all times.<ref name="Samaan2010">{{cite web |last1=Samaan |first1=Moses |title=Who wears the Cross and when? |url=https://www.lacopts.org/story/wearing-the-cross/ |publisher=[[Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii]] |access-date=18 August 2020 |language=en |date=25 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Konstantopoulos2017">{{cite web |last1=Konstantopoulos |first1=George D. |title=All Orthodox Christians are Given a Cross Following Their Baptism to Wear for Life |url=http://saintandrewgoc.org/home/2017/9/18/all-orthodox-christians-are-given-a-cross-following-their-baptism-to-wear-for-life |publisher=St. Andrew Greek Orthodox Church |access-date=18 August 2020 |language=en |date=18 September 2017}}</ref> Some Christians believe that the wearing of a cross offers protection from [[Satan|evil]],<ref name="Samaan2010"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Liz James|title=Supernaturalism in Christianity: Its Growth and Cure|date=30 April 2008|publisher=Mercer University Press|quote=From the fifth century onward, the cross has been widely worn as an amulet, and the novel ''Dracula'' treats it as a protection against vampires. Many Christians continue to hang polished miniatures of the cross around their necks.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hk1dZI5JYzEC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA84|isbn=9780881460940}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Cross|author= Michael Symmons Roberts|date=2011-09-12|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation ([[BBC]])|quote=The belief that the cross can ward off evil and protect the wearer goes back a long way.|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/symbols/cross_1.shtml}}</ref> while others, Christian and non-Christian, wear cross necklaces as a [[fashion accessory]].<ref name=Necklace>{{cite book|last1=Reader|first1=John|last2=Baker|first2=Chris|title=Entering the New Theological Space|date=7 May 2009|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0754663393|quote=A cross necklace is a Christian symbol, but it is also common enough in secular style that it may be worn by those for whom it has little or no meaning beyond the cultural or fashionable.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaVBC8B6nOwC&q=wearing+cross+necklace&pg=PA138}}</ref>
+Crosses are often worn as an indication of commitment to the [[Christianity|Christian faith]],<ref name=Reason>{{cite book|author=Liz James|title=Supernaturalism in Christianity: Its Growth and Cure|date=30 April 2008|publisher=Mercer University Press|quote=Most Christians who have worn crosses have probably not trivialized a core teaching of Jesus about renouncing self-centeredness, figuratively described as carrying one's cross. For them the symbol is perceived not as powerful magic, or as a lovely decoration to impress others, but as a reminder primarily to themselves of their commitment to one who laid down His life in love for friends and enemies.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hk1dZI5JYzEC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA84|isbn=9780881460940}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=William E. Phipps|title=A Companion to Byzantium|date=4 May 2010|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|quote=In fact cross-wearers, and those depositing icons and other valuables in the graves of loved ones, probably considered themselves true to Christ and His Cross.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1Mt-t-bgzoC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA185|isbn=9781405126540}}</ref><ref name=Pechana>{{cite book|author=Mark U. Edwards|title=Religion on Our Campuses|date=17 September 2006|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|quote=Consider, for example, dress and jewelry. An Orthodox Jewish male student may wear a yarmulke or a Moslem female student a headscarf, and Christian students of both sexes may wear crosses.|url=https://archive.org/details/religiononourcam0000edwa_a8y3|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/religiononourcam0000edwa_a8y3/page/22 22]|isbn=1403972109}}</ref> and are sometimes received as gifts for [[Rite (Christianity)|rites]] such as [[baptism]] and [[confirmation]].<ref name="Jordan2000">{{cite book|last1=Jordan|first1=Anne|title=Christianity|date=5 April 2000|publisher=Nelson Thornes|quote=Most Orthodox Christians wear this cross for the rest of their lives.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mzKVPZthGHUC&q=wearing+cross+orthodox&pg=PA65|isbn=9780748753208}}</ref><ref name=Baptism>{{cite book|title=On Wearing the Cross|year=2012|publisher=[[Greek Orthodox Church]]|quote=At holy Baptism, every Orthodox Christian receives an image of the Precious Cross to be worn around the neck. From the moment of Baptism until the moment of death, every Orthodox Christian should wear the Cross at every moment.|url=http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note1.htm|access-date=2012-04-11|archive-date=2013-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601164225/http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Communicants of the [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodox]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] churches are expected to wear their baptismal cross necklaces at all times.<ref name="Samaan2010">{{cite web |last1=Samaan |first1=Moses |title=Who wears the Cross and when? |url=https://www.lacopts.org/story/wearing-the-cross/ |publisher=[[Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles, Southern California, and Hawaii]] |access-date=18 August 2020 |language=en |date=25 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Konstantopoulos">{{cite web |last1=Konstantopoulos |first1=George D. |title=All Orthodox Christians are Given a Cross Following Their Baptism to Wear for Life |url=https://saintandrewgoc.org/blog/2017/9/18/all-orthodox-christians-are-given-a-cross-following-their-baptism-to-wear-for-life |publisher=St. Andrew Greek Orthodox Church |access-date=3 August 2024 |language=en |date=18 September 2017}}</ref>
+Some Christians believe that the wearing of a cross offers protection from [[Satan|evil]],<ref name="Samaan2010"/><ref>{{cite book|author=Liz James|title=Supernaturalism in Christianity: Its Growth and Cure|date=30 April 2008|publisher=Mercer University Press|quote=From the fifth century onward, the cross has been widely worn as an amulet, and the novel ''Dracula'' treats it as a protection against vampires. Many Christians continue to hang polished miniatures of the cross around their necks.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hk1dZI5JYzEC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA84|isbn=9780881460940}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Cross|author= Michael Symmons Roberts|date=2011-09-12|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation ([[BBC]])|quote=The belief that the cross can ward off evil and protect the wearer goes back a long way.|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/symbols/cross_1.shtml}}</ref> while others, Christian and non-Christian, wear cross necklaces as a [[fashion accessory]].<ref name=Necklace>{{cite book|last1=Reader|first1=John|last2=Baker|first2=Chris|title=Entering the New Theological Space|date=7 May 2009|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=978-0754663393|quote=A cross necklace is a Christian symbol, but it is also common enough in secular style that it may be worn by those for whom it has little or no meaning beyond the cultural or fashionable.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CaVBC8B6nOwC&q=wearing+cross+necklace&pg=PA138}}</ref>
-"In the first centuries of the Christian era,  the cross was a clandestine symbol used by the persecuted adherents of the new religion."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pdyPGIM0rygC&pg=PA66&dq=Cross+necklace&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8zqCis9nmAhUumuAKHRitAZY4ChDoATAGegQICBAC#v=onepage&q=Cross%20necklace&f=false ''Metropolitan Jewelry'', (Sophie McConnell, ed.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), 1991, p. 66] {{ISBN|9780870996160}}</ref> Many Christian [[bishop]]s of various denominations, such as the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Church]], wear a [[pectoral cross]] as a sign of their [[Holy orders|order]].
+"In the first centuries of the Christian era, the cross was a clandestine symbol used by the persecuted adherents of the new religion."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=pdyPGIM0rygC&dq=Cross+necklace&pg=PA66 ''Metropolitan Jewelry'', (Sophie McConnell, ed.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), 1991, p. 66] {{ISBN|9780870996160}}</ref> Many Christian [[bishop]]s of various denominations, such as the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Church]], wear a [[pectoral cross]] as a sign of their [[Holy orders|order]].
-Most adherents of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] will wear a cross attached to either a chain or a ''matäb'', a silk cord.<ref name="eotc_cross">{{Cite web | title=The Sacramental: The cross and the crucifix | url=http://www.ethiopianorthodox.org/english/miscellaneous/sacramental.html#crucifix | work=The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church | author=The Ethiopian Orthodox Church |editor=Aymero W |editor2=Joachim M | publisher=Ethiopian Orthodox mission | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322232640/http://ethiopianorthodox.org/english/miscellaneous/sacramental.html | archive-date=22 March 2013 | url-status=dead | via=Ethiopianorthodox.org | location=[[Addis Ababa]] | date=2003 |orig-year=1970 | access-date=30 April 2015 | quote=Attached to a cord or fine chain [the cross] is worn around the neck of nearly all Christians right from childhood until death.}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=See explanation at WP:RSN, Archive 179, regarding Ethiopianorthodox.org|date=April 2015}}  The matäb is tied about the neck at the time of baptism, and the recipient is expected to wear the matäb at all times. Women will often affix a cross or other pendant to the matäb, but this is not considered essential.<ref name=Ethiopia>{{cite book|author=Siegbert Uhlig|title=Encyclopædia Aethiopica: He-N|year=2007|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|quote=The Matäb, an emblem of Christianity in Ethiopia, is a blue (sometimes black) silk cord tied around the neck of a child during the baptism ceremony.… Women may later append various elements on the M., though a simple cord is already considered a fully valuable M. The possible pendants include a cross…. They can be freely combined, none of them being essential.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4WUdKWGcYsC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA859|isbn=9783447056076}}</ref>
+Most adherents of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] will wear a cross attached to either a chain or a ''matäb'', a silk cord.<ref name="eotc_cross">{{Cite web | title=The Sacramental: The cross and the crucifix | url=http://www.ethiopianorthodox.org/english/miscellaneous/sacramental.html#crucifix | work=The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church | author=The Ethiopian Orthodox Church |editor=Aymero W |editor2=Joachim M | publisher=Ethiopian Orthodox mission | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322232640/http://ethiopianorthodox.org/english/miscellaneous/sacramental.html | archive-date=22 March 2013 | url-status=dead | via=Ethiopianorthodox.org | location=[[Addis Ababa]] | date=2003 |orig-year=1970 | access-date=30 April 2015 | quote=Attached to a cord or fine chain [the cross] is worn around the neck of nearly all Christians right from childhood until death.}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=See explanation at WP:RSN, Archive 179, regarding Ethiopianorthodox.org|date=April 2015}} The matäb is tied about the neck at the time of baptism, and the recipient is expected to wear the matäb at all times. Women will often affix a cross or other pendant to the matäb, but this is not considered essential.<ref name=Ethiopia>{{cite book|author=Siegbert Uhlig|title=Encyclopædia Aethiopica: He-N|year=2007|publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag|quote=The Matäb, an emblem of Christianity in Ethiopia, is a blue (sometimes black) silk cord tied around the neck of a child during the baptism ceremony{{nbsp}}[...] Women may later append various elements on the M., though a simple cord is already considered a fully valuable M. The possible pendants include a cross{{nbsp}}[...] They can be freely combined, none of them being essential.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4WUdKWGcYsC&q=wearing+cross+necklace+orthodox&pg=PA859|isbn=9783447056076}}</ref>
 In some nations, such as the [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania]], an [[atheist state]], the wearing of cross necklaces was historically banned.<ref name="Tomko2007">{{cite book|last=Tomko|first=Jozef|author-link=Jozef Tomko|title=On Missionary Roads|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15V8egBAoUsC&pg=PT452|access-date=9 April 2014|date=28 February 2007|publisher=[[Ignatius Press]]|isbn=9781586171650|page=452|quote=In 1967, Hoxha proudly declared Albania to be the first completely atheistic state. It was once a chiefly Muslim country with a Catholic minority and small groups of Greek Orthodox in the south. From the onset of communist rule, all religions had to cut their ties with their centers abroad. practically all the priests who survived the initial persecutions were confined in prisons or work camps. Religious orders were abolished, and all religious rituals, including the celebration of the sacraments, were prohibited and punishable by the death penalty for those officiating. The people were not even allowed to have religious necklaces or to wear such things as small crosses.}}</ref>
+Some denominations, like [[Jehovah's Witnesses]], believe wearing a cross is forbidden by commandments against idolatry.<ref>{{cite book|pages=51,201–204|publisher=Watch Tower Society|title=What Does the Bible Really Teach?|year=2005}}</ref>
-In two highly publicised British cases, nurse Shirley Chaplin and [[British Airways]] flight attendant [[Nadia Eweida]] were disciplined for wearing cross necklaces at work, in breach of their employment terms. Both took their cases to the [[European Court of Human Rights]];<ref name=Cardinal>{{cite web|title=Cardinal Keith O'Brien urges Christians to 'proudly' wear cross|date=7 April 2012|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation ([[BBC]])|quote=Former nurse Shirley Chaplin, from Exeter, and Nadia Eweida, from Twickenham, who worked with British Airways, are taking their call for all employees to be able to wear a cross at work to the European Court of Human Rights.|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-17611036}}</ref> Chaplin's case was dismissed, while Eweida was awarded damages on the grounds that the UK government had failed to weigh her right to religious expression heavily enough.<ref name="Chaplin appeal">{{cite web | title=Cross case nurse Shirley Chaplin plans to appeal ruling | website=BBC News | date=2013-01-15 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-21028691 | access-date=2017-07-17}}</ref> In light of such cases, in 2012 the former [[archbishop of Canterbury]] of the [[Anglican Communion]], [[George Carey|Lord Carey]], and then head of the [[Roman Catholicism in Scotland|Roman Catholic Church in Scotland]], Cardinal [[Keith O'Brien]], have urged all Christians to wear cross necklaces regularly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Christians urged to wear cross after moves to 'sideline' faith|date=6 April 2012|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|quote=Lord Carey, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, and Cardinal Keith O'Brien, the Scottish Roman Catholic leader, are among those urging Christians to demonstrate their beliefs publicly after a series of cases placing religious freedom in the spotlight.|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9188561/Christians-urged-to-wear-cross-after-moves-to-sideline-faith.html}}</ref>
+In two highly publicised British cases, nurse Shirley Chaplin and [[British Airways]] flight attendant [[Nadia Eweida]] were disciplined for wearing cross necklaces at work, in breach of their employment terms. Both took their cases to the [[European Court of Human Rights]];<ref name=Cardinal>{{cite web|title=Cardinal Keith O'Brien urges Christians to 'proudly' wear cross|date=7 April 2012|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation ([[BBC]])|quote=Former nurse Shirley Chaplin, from Exeter, and Nadia Eweida, from Twickenham, who worked with British Airways, are taking their call for all employees to be able to wear a cross at work to the European Court of Human Rights.|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-17611036}}</ref> Chaplin's case was dismissed, while Eweida was awarded damages on the grounds that the UK government had failed to weigh her right to religious expression heavily enough.<ref name="Chaplin appeal">{{cite web | title=Cross case nurse Shirley Chaplin plans to appeal ruling | website=BBC News | date=2013-01-15 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-devon-21028691 | access-date=2017-07-17}}</ref> In light of such cases, in 2012 the former [[archbishop of Canterbury]] of the [[Anglican Communion]], [[George Carey|Lord Carey of Clifton]], and then head of the [[Roman Catholicism in Scotland|Roman Catholic Church in Scotland]], Cardinal [[Keith O'Brien]], have urged all Christians to wear cross necklaces regularly.<ref>{{cite web|title=Christians urged to wear cross after moves to 'sideline' faith|date=6 April 2012|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|quote=Lord Carey, the former Archbishop of Canterbury, and Cardinal Keith O'Brien, the Scottish Roman Catholic leader, are among those urging Christians to demonstrate their beliefs publicly after a series of cases placing religious freedom in the spotlight.|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9188561/Christians-urged-to-wear-cross-after-moves-to-sideline-faith.html}}</ref>
 ==Gallery==
-<gallery>
+<gallery mode=packed heights=160>
-File:Tricia Helfer.jpg|Canadian actress [[Tricia Helfer]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Tricia Helfer.jpg|[[Tricia Helfer]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Preservation (HDR) (2871769974).jpg|A [[rosary]] hanging from the rear-view mirror of a car
-File:Cassie Ventura.jpg|American singer [[Cassie Ventura]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Mariner's cross.jpg|Anchored cross necklace wore by seaman
 File:Krest yuri fedorov.jpg|A man with three different cross necklaces
-File:Bianka at a concert (Kolomna, September 2010).jpg| Belarusian-Russian singer [[Bianka (singer)|Bianka]] wearing a cross necklace of the crucifix variant
+File:Bianka at a concert (Kolomna, September 2010).jpg|[[Bianka (singer)|Bianka]] wearing a cross necklace of the crucifix variant
 File:Poland Cross pendant with double-headed eagle.jpg|A cross pendant with double-headed eagle, made in Poland in the late 17th century
-File:Jens Filbrich bei der Olympia-Einkleidung Erding 2014 (Martin Rulsch) 02.jpg|German skier [[Jens Filbrich]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Jens Filbrich bei der Olympia-Einkleidung Erding 2014 (Martin Rulsch) 02.jpg|[[Jens Filbrich]] wearing a cross necklace
-File:MiniAndenJune09.jpg|Swedish model [[Mini Andén]] wearing a cross necklace
 File:Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.JPG|A cross necklace of the [[Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul]] religious order
-File:181118 디크런치 명동 버스킹 정승 2.jpg|[[D-Crunch]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Celinajaitleyy.jpg|[[Celina Jaitley]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Wooden Orthodox Cross Necklace.jpg|Eastern Orthodox Christian cross necklace made of wood
-File:Celinajaitleyy.jpg|Indian actress [[Celina Jaitley]] wearing a cross necklace
-File:Maria Sharapova - Roland-Garros 2013 - 002.jpg|Russian tennis player [[Maria Sharapova]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Lena-Meyer-Landrut1 cropped.jpg|[[Lena Meyer-Landrut]] wearing a cross necklace of the ecumenical Christian [[Taizé Community]]
-File:Greenstone Necklace.jpg|Green-coloured cross necklace
+File:Miriam Shaded Sejm 2016.JPG|[[Miriam Shaded]] wearing a cross necklace
-File:2Fan.jpg|[[:fr:Toofan|Toofan]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Vladimir Putin fishing topless.jpg|[[Vladimir Putin]] wearing a cross necklace
-File:Lena-Meyer-Landrut1 cropped.jpg|German singer [[Lena Meyer-Landrut]] wearing a cross necklace of the ecumenical Christian [[Taizé Community]]
+File:Pedro I of Brazil dead 1834.jpg|Emperor [[Pedro I of Brazil]] (also King of Portugal as Pedro IV) wearing a crucifix cross necklace on his deathbed
-File:Miriam Shaded Sejm 2016.JPG|Polish entrepreneur [[Miriam Shaded]] wearing a cross necklace
+File:Princesa Leopoldina de Bragança, filha de Pedro II do Brasil.jpg|[[Princess Leopoldina of Brazil]] wearing a large cross necklace
-File:Vladmir Putin fishing topless.jpg|Russian president [[Vladimir Putin]] wearing a cross necklace
 </gallery>
@@ Line 37: / Line 42: @@
 ==External links==
-*[http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note1.htm On Wearing of The Cross (Greek Orthodox Christian Perspective)]
+*[http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note1.htm On Wearing of The Cross (Greek Orthodox Christian Perspective)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601164225/http://www.saint-spyridon.com/note1.htm |date=2013-06-01 }}
 *[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/why-wear-a-cross.html Explanation on Wearing Cross Necklaces (Russian Orthodox Christian Perspective)]

v t e Amulets and talismans
Amulets	Abracadabra Agimat Amulet MS 5236 Axe of Perun Azusa Yumi Bonshō Brigid's cross Broom (Besom) Bulla Bullroarer Carnyx Celtic cross Cimaruta Cornicello Crepundia Corn dolly Corn husk doll Cross necklace Dacian Draco Djucu Dōtaku Dreamcatcher Dzi bead Elf-arrow Fascinus Fulu God's eye Good luck charm Gorgoneion Gris-gris Hanging craft Hama ya Hama yumi Hamsa Hercules' Club Horse brass Horseshoe Hoko doll I'noGo tied Jackal's horn Juju Kabura-ya Kagome crest Kagura suzu Kanai Anzen Koan kroach Lapis alectorius Mandrake Medicine bag Mjölnir Mojo Mugwort Nazar Ofuda Omamori Palad khik Pictish painted pebbles Poppet Rabbit's foot Red string Rin Sachet Sampy Sator Square Suzu Ta'wiz Takrut Thokcha Thunderstone Tintinnabulum Touch piece Triskelion Troll cross Voodoo doll Witch ball Witch bottle Yantra cloth
Talismans	Lamen Navaratna Seal of Solomon Swastika Uncial 0152 Wolfsangel
Related articles	Apotropaic magic Curse tablet Evil eye Feng shui Folk religion Magic and religion Numerology Numismatic charm Religious fetish Superstitions Torma

v t e Crosses
In modern use	Alcoraz Anchored/Saint Clement Anuradhapura Archangels Archiepiscopal Armenian Arrow/Barby Balkenkreuz Bolnisi Bottony Branch Bulgarian Burgundy Byzantine Calvary Camargue Canterbury Catherine wheel Celtic Variant Cercelée Coptic Cossack Crosslet Fitchy Crucifix Cruciform halo Double Ethiopian Evangelists Fleury Fitchy Forked Fourchy Fylfot Globus cruciger Archbishop's variant Gnostic Grapevine/Saint Nino Greek Greek Orthodox Huguenot Iron Jeremiah Jerusalem/Crusaders Jerusalem (Kingdom) Latin/Roman Macedonian Maltese Marada Marian Maronite Moline Nordic Novgorod Occitan Order of Christ Papal Patonce Pattée Fitchée Patriarchal Pommy Portate/Saint Gilbert Potent Quadrate Resistance Ringed Russian Russian Orthodox Salem Saltire/Saint Andrew Saint Chad Saint David Saint Florian Saint George Saint James/Santiago Saint John Saint Patrick Saint Peter Saint Philip Saint Piran Saint Thomas Serbian Serbian Orthodox Short Sword Syriac (Eastern) Syriac (Western) Tau/Saint Anthony
Historical	Avellane Aviz Black Blanc croix rouge Brigid Carolingian Chouan Consecration Coptic Coptic (Early) Cross cramponnée Crown Cuthbert's pectoral Engrailed Erminée Gammadion Jewelled Katanga Lazarus Lorraine Neith Nestorian Peñalba Pierced Quarterly Saint Alban Saint Julian Templar Teutonic Order Two-barred Victory Voided
By function	Altar Blessing Conciliation Heraldry Nordic Pisan High Market Mercat Memorial Mission Necklace Pectoral Plague Preaching Processional Lalibela Rood/Triumphal cross Summit Wayside
Christograms, Chrismons	Chi Rho IX monogram Labarum Signum manus Staurogram/Monogrammatic/Tau Rho
See also	Ankh Armenian eternity sign Ichthys Irminsul Kolovrat Lauburu Mjölnir Rose Rota Solomon's knot Scientology Shamrock Shield of the Trinity Sunwheel swastika Sun Swastika Triskelion/Triskele Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross List of tallest crosses in the world
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