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Coordinates: 47°01′N 9°31′E / 47.017°N 9.517°E / 47.017; 9.517
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{{Short description|River in Switzerland}}
{{Dablink|"Tamina" redirects here. For the WWE Diva see [[Sarona Reiher]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
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{{Infobox River
{{About|the river in Switzerland|the wrestler|Tamina Snuka|the ancient Greek township|Tamynae}}
| river_name = Tamina
{{More citations needed|date=August 2022}}
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| image_name = Picswiss SG-36-05.jpg
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{{Infobox river
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| caption = Tamina (Calfeisental)
| name = Tamina
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| image_size = 200px
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| image = Picswiss SG-36-05.jpg
| origin = Egghorn
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| image_caption = The Tamina in the ''Calfeisental''
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| mouth = [[Rhine]]
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| image_size = 200px
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| basin_countries = [[Switzerland]]
| source1_location = Egghorn
| length = ~ 18 km
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| mouth_location = [[Rhine]]
| elevation = 2.600 m
| progression = {{RRhine}}
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| mouth_elevation =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| discharge =
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Switzerland]]
| watershed =
| subdivision_type2 = [[cantons of Switzerland|Canton]]
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}}
| subdivision_name2 = [[canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]]
The '''Tamina''' River originates near the [[Egghorn]] (2600 m). First her course follows a North to South direction through the ''Marchtal''.
| subdivision_type3 = [[districts of Switzerland|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Sarganserland]]
| length = ~ {{convert|29|km|abbr=on}}
| source1_elevation = {{convert|2,630|m|abbr=on}}
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| mouth_elevation = {{convert|496|m|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg =
| basin_size = {{cvt|155.48|km2}}
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}}
The '''Tamina''' is a river in the south of the [[cantons of Switzerland|canton]] of [[canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]] in [[Switzerland]], running close to the border to the canton of [[Grisons]]. It has a length of almost {{cvt|29|km}}, flowing through the Tamina Valley, of which '''Tamina Gorge''' ({{lang|de|Taminaschlucht}}) is an impressiv part, before it enters the [[Rhine]] as a left [[tributary]].


==Course==
Then it changes ist direction to West to East and provides [[Lake Gigerwald]] in the ''Galfeisen'' Valley with fresh water and also drains it. The last section is from East to Northeast through the Tamina Valley, where it finally merges with the [[Rhine]] after about 18 km total length.
The river starts below the Sardona Pass ({{cvt|2758|m}}) and between the [[Surenstock]] ({{cvt|3057|m}}) and the [[Trinserhorn]] ({{cvt|3028|m}}) of the [[Glarus Alps]]. Within its first half, the river flows eastwards through the valley ''Calfeisen'' and the [[reservoir]] [[Lake Gigerwald]] ({{lang|de|Gigerwaldsee}}) until it reaches [[Vättis]] at {{cvt|943|m}}, where it is joined by the ''Gorbsbach'' and where it turns sharply towards the northeast. Further below, the Tamina flows into the ''[[Mapraggsee]]''. The lower section, heading northwards through [[Pfäfers]], forms a deep and narrow [[gorge]] called the ''[[:de:Taminaschlucht|Taminaschlucht]]'' ({{lang-en|Tamina Gorge}}).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reynard |first=Emmanuel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RlvwDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Tamina%22+river+-wikipedia&pg=PA182 |title=Landscapes and Landforms of Switzerland |date=2020-07-09 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-43203-4 |language=en}}</ref> The river then flows through [[Bad Ragaz]] before it finally merges with the [[Alpine Rhine]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Scheidegger |first=Adrian E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3ySsBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22Tamina%22+river+-wikipedia&pg=PT151 |title=Morphotectonics |date=2012-12-06 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-642-18745-2 |language=en}}</ref>


===Tamina Gorge===
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Historically, the Tamina valley (''Taminatal'', also ''Vättnertal'') was owned by the [[Pfäfers Abbey]], joined to the [[canton of St. Gallen]] at its formation in 1803.
[[File:Taminaschlucht Quelle Mai13.JPG|thumb|Tamina Gorge near the hot spring]]
Between Valens and the hamlet of Bonadivis, the water of the Tamina digs up to {{cvt|200|m}} into the ground. Over the last 15,000 years, the small river has eaten its way into the rock and, between Valens and Ragol, it is sometimes even completely covered by [[natural bridge]]s. The narrow crevice is around {{cvt|750|m}} long and {{cvt|70|m}} deep. The gorge, which is accissible by a pedestrian bridge, also contains a [[hot spring]] used for a [[spa]].<ref name=myswitzerland>{{cite web |title=Tamina Gorge |publisher=myswitzerland.com |url=https://www.myswitzerland.com/en-ch/experiences/tamina-gorge/ |access-date=2024-07-28}}</ref> At Pfäfers, the gorge widens so much that for the last {{cvt|4|km}} there is also space for a single-lane road next to the river, which since 1838 connects [[Bad Ragaz]] with Altes Bad Pfäfers (a former spa and hotel, now a museum and restaurant). The road is closed to cars, but a [[PostAuto Schweiz|bus]] operates on it.


There are two hypotheses about the origin of the Tamina Gorge:
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{{StGallen-geo-stub}}
* First the river [[erosion|eroded]] a narrow channel through the {{cvt|7|m}} thick [[Nummulite]] [[limestone]], which forms the upper part of the gorge today. As the water pushed deeper over time, it eventually reached the softer [[schist|Seewer Schist]] below. This allowed the river to widen its bed through lateral erosion of the surrounding rock. As the Tamina cut through the rock obliquely in an eastward movement, the western wall of the gorge tilted slightly and thus wedged the Nummulite limestone banks against each other, creating the natural bridges above the river.
* It is also conceivable that the Tamina eroded through the harder limestone and the gorge is actually a cave. However, the most important outcrops on the natural bridges are neither accessible nor visible.

In the upper part of the Tamina Gorge there is a hot spring, pumping out {{cvt|8,000|l}} of water per minute with a temperature of {{cvt|36.6|°C}}. Discovered in 1240, it was used on site and later in Altes Bad Pfäfers between the years 1350 and 1969, and since then it is used in the Valens medical clinic and the spa in Bad Ragaz.<ref name=myswitzerland/>

==History==
⚫
Historically, the Tamina Valley ({{lang|de|Taminatal}}, also {{lang|de|Vättnertal}}) was owned by the [[Pfäfers Abbey]], joined to the [[canton of St. Gallen]] at its formation in 1803.

== See also ==
* [[List of rivers of Switzerland]]
* [[List of canyons]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline}}
* [https://www.altes-bad-pfaefers.ch/ Altes Bad Pfäfers] {{in lang|de}}

{{Rhine Tributaries|state=collapsed}}


{{coord|47|01|N|9|31|E|display=title|region:CH-SG_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}
{{coord|47|01|N|9|31|E|display=title|region:CH-SG_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Rivers of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Rivers of Switzerland]]
[[Category:Canton of St. Gallen]]
[[Category:Rivers of the canton of St. Gallen]]
[[Category:Rhine basin]]



[[de:Tamina (Fluss)]]
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{{StGallen-geo-stub}}
[[eo:Tamina]]
{{Switzerland-river-stub}}
[[nl:Tamina (rivier)]]

Revision as of 08:03, 2 August 2024

This article is about the river in Switzerland. For the wrestler, see Tamina Snuka. For the ancient Greek township, see Tamynae.
Tamina
The Tamina in the Calfeisental
Map
Location
CountrySwitzerland
CantonSt. Gallen
DistrictSarganserland
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationEgghorn
 • elevation2,630 m (8,630 ft)
Mouth 
 • location
Rhine
 • elevation
496 m (1,627 ft)
Length~ 29 km (18 mi)
Basin size155.48 km2 (60.03 sq mi)
Basin features
ProgressionRhine→ North Sea

The Tamina is a river in the south of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland, running close to the border to the canton of Grisons. It has a length of almost 29 km (18 mi), flowing through the Tamina Valley, of which Tamina Gorge (Taminaschlucht) is an impressiv part, before it enters the Rhine as a left tributary.

Course

The river starts below the Sardona Pass (2,758 m (9,049 ft)) and between the Surenstock (3,057 m (10,030 ft)) and the Trinserhorn (3,028 m (9,934 ft)) of the Glarus Alps. Within its first half, the river flows eastwards through the valley Calfeisen and the reservoir Lake Gigerwald (Gigerwaldsee) until it reaches Vättis at 943 m (3,094 ft), where it is joined by the Gorbsbach and where it turns sharply towards the northeast. Further below, the Tamina flows into the Mapraggsee. The lower section, heading northwards through Pfäfers, forms a deep and narrow gorge called the Taminaschlucht (English: Tamina Gorge).[1] The river then flows through Bad Ragaz before it finally merges with the Alpine Rhine.[2]

Tamina Gorge

Tamina Gorge near the hot spring

Between Valens and the hamlet of Bonadivis, the water of the Tamina digs up to 200 m (660 ft) into the ground. Over the last 15,000 years, the small river has eaten its way into the rock and, between Valens and Ragol, it is sometimes even completely covered by natural bridges. The narrow crevice is around 750 m (2,460 ft) long and 70 m (230 ft) deep. The gorge, which is accissible by a pedestrian bridge, also contains a hot spring used for a spa.[3] At Pfäfers, the gorge widens so much that for the last 4 km (2.5 mi) there is also space for a single-lane road next to the river, which since 1838 connects Bad Ragaz with Altes Bad Pfäfers (a former spa and hotel, now a museum and restaurant). The road is closed to cars, but a bus operates on it.

There are two hypotheses about the origin of the Tamina Gorge:

  • First the river eroded a narrow channel through the 7 m (23 ft) thick Nummulite limestone, which forms the upper part of the gorge today. As the water pushed deeper over time, it eventually reached the softer Seewer Schist below. This allowed the river to widen its bed through lateral erosion of the surrounding rock. As the Tamina cut through the rock obliquely in an eastward movement, the western wall of the gorge tilted slightly and thus wedged the Nummulite limestone banks against each other, creating the natural bridges above the river.
  • It is also conceivable that the Tamina eroded through the harder limestone and the gorge is actually a cave. However, the most important outcrops on the natural bridges are neither accessible nor visible.

In the upper part of the Tamina Gorge there is a hot spring, pumping out 8,000 L (1,800 imp gal; 2,100 US gal) of water per minute with a temperature of 36.6 °C (97.9 °F). Discovered in 1240, it was used on site and later in Altes Bad Pfäfers between the years 1350 and 1969, and since then it is used in the Valens medical clinic and the spa in Bad Ragaz.[3]

History

Historically, the Tamina Valley (Taminatal, also Vättnertal) was owned by the Pfäfers Abbey, joined to the canton of St. Gallen at its formation in 1803.

See also

References

  1. ^ Reynard, Emmanuel (9 July 2020). Landscapes and Landforms of Switzerland. Springer Nature. ISBN 978-3-030-43203-4.
  2. ^ Scheidegger, Adrian E. (6 December 2012). Morphotectonics. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-642-18745-2.
  3. ^ a b "Tamina Gorge". myswitzerland.com. Retrieved 28 July 2024.

Media related to Tamina (Fluss) at Wikimedia Commons

47°01′N 9°31′E / 47.017°N 9.517°E / 47.017; 9.517


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