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{{short description|Transnational organizations coordinating similar political parties}}
{{short description|Transnational organizations coordinating similar political parties}}
{{Original research |reason=Sources do not appear to support this as a notable topic. The long list section is unsourced, and articles in the [[#List of internationals|list section]] do not mention this topic. Relevant discussion may be found at [[Talk:Political international#Original research, sourcing, title, and notability|Talk]]. |date=February 2024}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=February 2018}}
A '''political international''' is a [[transnational organization]] of [[Political party|political parties]] having similar [[ideology]] or political orientation (e.g. [[communism]], [[socialism]], or [[Islamism]]).<ref name="TimWood_2015">{{cite journal |last=Wood |first=Tim |title=Reinforcing Participatory Governance Through International Human Rights Obligations of Political Parties |journal=Harvard Human Rights Journal |volume=28 |date=2015 |pages=147–203 |url=https://harvardhrj.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2009/09/reinforcing-participatory-governance-through-international-human-rights-obligations-of-political-parties.pdf}}</ref> The international works together on points of agreement to co-ordinate activity.
A '''political international''' is a [[transnational organization]] of [[Political party|political parties]] having similar [[ideology]] or political orientation (e.g. [[communism]], [[socialism]], or [[Islamism]]).<ref name="TimWood_2015">{{cite journal |last=Wood |first=Tim |title=Reinforcing Participatory Governance Through International Human Rights Obligations of Political Parties |journal=Harvard Human Rights Journal |volume=28 |date=2015 |pages=147–203 |url-status=dead |url=https://harvardhrj.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2009/09/reinforcing-participatory-governance-through-international-human-rights-obligations-of-political-parties.pdf <!-- alt-url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/hhrj28&div=7&id=&page=--> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802151351/https://harvardhrj.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2009/09/reinforcing-participatory-governance-through-international-human-rights-obligations-of-political-parties.pdf |archive-date=2019-08-02 }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2024}} The international works together on points of agreement to co-ordinate activity.


Political internationals have increased in popularity and influence since their beginnings in the political left of 19th-century Europe, as political activists have paid more attention to developments for or against their ideological favor in other countries and continents. After [[World War II]], other ideological movements formed their political internationals to communicate among aligned parliamentarians and legislative candidates as well as to communicate with intergovernmental and supranational organizations such as the [[United Nations]] and later the [[European Union]]. Internationals also form supranational and regional branches (e.g. a European branch or an African branch) and maintain fraternal or governing relationships with sector-specific wings (e.g. youth or women's wings).
Political internationals have increased in popularity and influence since their beginnings in the political left of 19th-century Europe, as political activists have paid more attention to developments for or against their ideological favor in other countries and continents. After [[World War II]], other ideological movements formed their political internationals to communicate among aligned parliamentarians and legislative candidates as well as to communicate with intergovernmental and supranational organizations such as the [[United Nations]] and later the [[European Union]]. Internationals also form supranational and regional branches (e.g. a European branch or an African branch) and maintain fraternal or governing relationships with sector-specific wings (e.g. youth or women's wings).


Internationals usually do not have a significant role.<ref name="StephenDay_2006">{{cite journal |last=Day |first=Stephen |title=Transnational party political actors: the difficulties of seeking a role and significance |journal=EU Studies in Japan |date=2006 |volume=2006 |issue=26 |pages=63–83 |doi=10.5135/eusj1997.2006.63 |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/eusj1997/2006/26/2006_26_63/_article|doi-access=free }}</ref> Internationals provide the parties an opportunity for sharing of experience.<ref name="StephenDay_2006" /> The parties belonging to internationals have various organizational obligations and can be expelled for not meeting those obligations.<ref name="TimWood_2015" /> For example, during the 2011 [[Arab Spring]] the [[Socialist International]] expelled the governing parties of [[Tunisia]] and [[Egypt]] for performing actions incompatible with the values of this international.<ref name="TimWood_2015" />
Internationals usually do not have a significant role.<ref name="StephenDay_2006">{{cite journal |last=Day |first=Stephen |title=Transnational party political actors: the difficulties of seeking a role and significance |journal=EU Studies in Japan |date=2006 |volume=2006 |issue=26 |pages=63–83 |doi=10.5135/eusj1997.2006.63 |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/eusj1997/2006/26/2006_26_63/_article|doi-access=free }}</ref> Internationals provide the parties an opportunity for sharing of experience.<ref name="StephenDay_2006" />{{failed verification|reason=The term "political international" appears nowhere in this 22-page source.|date=February 2024}} The parties belonging to internationals have various organizational obligations and can be expelled for not meeting those obligations.<ref name="TimWood_2015" /> For example, during the 2011 [[Arab Spring]] the [[Socialist International]] expelled the governing parties of [[Tunisia]] and [[Egypt]] for performing actions incompatible with the values of this international.<ref name="TimWood_2015" />


== List of internationals ==
== List of internationals ==
=== Current ===
=== Current ===
{{original research|reason=No sourced assertion in the linked articles that they are a "political international".|date=February 2024}}
*[[Marxism–Leninism|Marxism-Leninism]], [[Maoism]] and [[Hoxhaism]]
*[[Marxism–Leninism|Marxism-Leninism]], [[Maoism]] and [[Hoxhaism]]
**[[European Communist Action]] ([[Marxism–Leninism]]), founded in 2023
⚫
**[[International Communist League (Maoist)|International Communist League]] ([[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism|Marxism-Leninism-Maoism]]), founded in 2022
**[[International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations]] ([[Maoism]]), founded in 2010
⚫
** [[International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)]] ([[Hoxhaism]]), founded in 1994
⚫
** [[International League of Peoples' Struggle]] ([[anti-imperialism]]), founded in 2001
** [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties]] ([[Marxism–Leninism]]), founded in 1998
** [[International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties]] ([[Marxism–Leninism]]), founded in 1998
** [[World Socialist Movement]] ([[Marxism]]), founded in 1904
** [[International Coordination of Revolutionary Parties and Organizations]] ([[Maoism]]), founded in 2010
⚫
** [[International Communist League (Maoist)|International Communist League]] ([[Marxism–Leninism–Maoism|Marxism-Leninism-Maoism]]), founded 2022
⚫
** [[International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle)|International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations]] ([[Hoxhaism]]), founded 1994
*[[Trotskyism]]
*[[Trotskyism]]
** [[International Marxist Tendency|Revolutionary Communist International]] (2024) Successor of the IMT
**[[Committee for a Workers' International (2019)|Committee for a Workers' International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 2019 in its current form, originally founded in 1974
⚫
** [[Committee for a Workers' International (2019)]] split from CWI/founded in 2019
**[[Fourth International (post-reunification)|Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1938 by [[Leon Trotsky]] and later split into several competing internationals and subsequently reunified in 1963
⚫
**[[International Committee of the Fourth International]] ([[Orthodox Trotskyism]]), founded in 1953
**[[International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1979
**[[International Marxist Tendency]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1992
**[[International Revolutionary Left]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 2019
⚫
** [[International Socialist Alternative]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 2020
** [[International Socialist League (2019)|International Socialist League]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 2019
** [[International Socialist Tendency]] ([[Third camp Trotskyism|Third Camp Trotskyism]]), founded in 1958
** [[International Socialist Tendency]] ([[Third camp Trotskyism|Third Camp Trotskyism]]), founded in 1958
** [[International Workers League – Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1982
** [[International Workers League – Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1982
** [[International Workers' Unity – Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1995
** [[International Socialist Alternative]] Split from CWI/founded in 2019
⚫
** [[League for the Fifth International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1989
** [[League for the Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1996
** [[Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 2004
** [[Trotskyist Fraction – Fourth International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 2004
*[[Islamism]]
*[[Islamism]]
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** [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] ([[Islamism]]), founded in 1958
** [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]] ([[Islamism]]), founded in 1958
*[[Progressivism]], [[democratic socialism]] and [[social democracy]]
*[[Progressivism]], [[democratic socialism]] and [[social democracy]]
**[[Foro de São Paulo]] ([[socialism of the 21st century]]), founded in 1990
**[[São Paulo Forum]] ([[socialism of the 21st century]]), founded in 1990
**[[Progressive Alliance]] ([[social democracy]] and [[progressivism]]), a network of [[centre-left]] parties formed as a rival to the [[Socialist International]] in 2013
**[[Progressive Alliance]] ([[social democracy]] and [[progressivism]]), a network of [[centre-left]] parties formed as a rival to the [[Socialist International]] in 2013
** [[Progressive International]] ([[democratic socialism]] and [[progressivism]]), an organization uniting progressive left-wing activists and organizations, formed in 2020
** [[Progressive International]] ([[democratic socialism]] and [[progressivism]]), an organization uniting progressive left-wing activists and organizations, formed in 2020
** [[Socialist International]] ([[socialism]]), founded in 1951
** [[International Peoples' Assembly]]
⚫
** [[Socialist International]] ([[social democracy]]), founded in 1951
*[[Anarchism]]
*[[Anarchism]]
**[[Informal Anarchist Federation]] ([[insurrectionary anarchism]]), founded in 2003
**[[Informal Anarchist Federation]] ([[insurrectionary anarchism]]), founded in 2003
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** [[Humanist International]] ([[humanism]]), founded in 1989 by the [[Humanist Movement]]
** [[Humanist International]] ([[humanism]]), founded in 1989 by the [[Humanist Movement]]
** [[International Monarchist League]] ([[monarchism]], [[constitutional monarchy]]), founded in 1943
** [[International Monarchist League]] ([[monarchism]], [[constitutional monarchy]]), founded in 1943
⚫
** [[International League of Peoples' Struggle]] ([[anti-imperialism]]), founded in 2001
** [[Paneuropean Union]] ([[Pan-European identity|Pan-Europeanism]]), founded in 1923
** [[Paneuropean Union]] ([[Pan-European identity|Pan-Europeanism]]), founded in 1923
** [[Pirate Parties International]] ([[Pirate Party|pirate politics]]), founded in 2010
** [[Pirate Parties International]] ([[Pirate Party|pirate politics]]), founded in 2010
** [[World Anti-Imperialist Platform]] ([[anti-imperialism]]), founded in 2022
** [[World Union of National Socialists]] ([[Nazism]]), founded in 1962
** [[World Union of National Socialists]] ([[Nazism]]), founded in 1962
⚫
** [[World Socialist Movement]] ([[Marxism]]), founded in 1904


=== Defunct ===
=== Defunct ===
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* [[International Agrarian Bureau]] ([[agrarianism]]), operating from 1921 to 1972
* [[International Agrarian Bureau]] ([[agrarianism]]), operating from 1921 to 1972
* [[International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties]] ([[classical radicalism|radicalism]] and [[liberalism]]), operating from 1923 to 1938
* [[International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties]] ([[classical radicalism|radicalism]] and [[liberalism]]), operating from 1923 to 1938
* [[Committee for a Workers' International (1974)|Committee for a Workers' International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1974
* [[Committee for a Workers' International (1974)|Committee for a Workers' International]] ([[Trotskyism]]), founded in 1974 splited in various groups in 2018-19
* [[Communist International]] ([[revolutionary socialism]]), also known as Comintern and the Third International, a federation of [[communist parties]] founded in 1919 by [[Vladimir Lenin]] and dissolved in 1943 by [[Joseph Stalin]]
* [[Communist International]] ([[revolutionary socialism]]), also known as Comintern and the Third International, a federation of [[communist parties]] founded in 1919 by [[Vladimir Lenin]] and dissolved in 1943 by [[Joseph Stalin]]
* [[E2D International]] ([[E-democracy]], [[direct democracy]]), founded on 1 January 2011, but inactive since 29 August 2013
* [[E2D International]] ([[E-democracy]], [[direct democracy]]), founded on 1 January 2011, but inactive since 29 August 2013
Line 81: Line 76:
* [[Second International]] ([[socialism]]), founded in 1889 and dissolved in 1916
* [[Second International]] ([[socialism]]), founded in 1889 and dissolved in 1916
* [[Situationist International]] ([[libertarian socialism]]), revolutionary grouping operating from 1957 to 1972
* [[Situationist International]] ([[libertarian socialism]]), revolutionary grouping operating from 1957 to 1972

== Not internationals, but similar in functioning ==
* [[All-African People's Revolutionary Party]], Pan Africanist transnational political party with chapters both in Africa and in the United States
* Anarkismo.net, grouping of [[Platformism|platformist]]/[[Especifismo|especifista]] anarchist political organisations launched in 2005 to facilitate greater international cooperation, but far from being an international at this point
* [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2001)]], transnational alliance of anti revisionist communist parties in the former Soviet Union
* [[Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organisations of South Asia]], transnational alliance of Maoist parties in South Asia
* [[Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa]], a conference of former anti colonial movements in Southern Africa
* [[Progressive Labor Party (United States)|Progressive Labor Party]], transnational Marxist–Leninist political party with the stated goal of one world communist party
* [[International Conference of Asian Political Parties]], founded in 2002, promotes cooperation and exchange between Asian parties of several ideologies
* [[International Communist Current]], left communist international organization that does not believe in national parties but in one international organization
* [[International Communist Party]], left communist international party that rejects the concept of a national party
* [[Transnational Radical Party]], political association of [[Libertarianism|libertarian]], [[Liberalism|liberal]] and [[Radicalism (historical)|radical]] citizens, parliamentarians and government members of various national and political backgrounds founded in 1989 and associated with the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]]
* [[Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union]], transnational political alliance of communist parties in the former Soviet Union
* [[Volt Europa]], European Federalist transnational political party with chapters in various European countries
* [[World Anti-Imperialist Platform]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-08 |title=Platform |url=https://wap21.org/ |access-date=2023-07-09 |website=Platform |language=en-US}}</ref> - International platform of left wing political parties that support Russia and China
* [[World Ecological Parties]], association of centrist [[Green party|environmentalist parties]] founded in 2003
* [[Permanent Conference of Political Parties of Latin America and the Caribbean]], promotes cooperation and exchange between Latin American parties of several ideologies
* [[Axis of Resistance]]—ideologically diverse; includes [[Shia]] [[Islamist]], [[Baathist]], and other factions affiliated with [[Iran]] and the [[Syrian Arab Republic|Assad government in Syria]]. Notable members include [[Hezbollah]], the [[Houthi movement|Houthi Movement]] in [[Yemen]], [[Palestinian Islamic Jihad]], and the [[Popular Mobilization Forces]] in [[Iraq]].


== See also ==
== See also ==

Latest revision as of 13:09, 1 August 2024

A political international is a transnational organization of political parties having similar ideology or political orientation (e.g. communism, socialism, or Islamism).[1][failed verification] The international works together on points of agreement to co-ordinate activity.

Political internationals have increased in popularity and influence since their beginnings in the political left of 19th-century Europe, as political activists have paid more attention to developments for or against their ideological favor in other countries and continents. After World War II, other ideological movements formed their political internationals to communicate among aligned parliamentarians and legislative candidates as well as to communicate with intergovernmental and supranational organizations such as the United Nations and later the European Union. Internationals also form supranational and regional branches (e.g. a European branch or an African branch) and maintain fraternal or governing relationships with sector-specific wings (e.g. youth or women's wings).

Internationals usually do not have a significant role.[2] Internationals provide the parties an opportunity for sharing of experience.[2][failed verification] The parties belonging to internationals have various organizational obligations and can be expelled for not meeting those obligations.[1] For example, during the 2011 Arab Spring the Socialist International expelled the governing parties of Tunisia and Egypt for performing actions incompatible with the values of this international.[1]

List of internationals

[edit]

Current

[edit]

Defunct

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Wood, Tim (2015). "Reinforcing Participatory Governance Through International Human Rights Obligations of Political Parties" (PDF). Harvard Human Rights Journal. 28: 147–203. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-08-02.
  2. ^ a b Day, Stephen (2006). "Transnational party political actors: the difficulties of seeking a role and significance". EU Studies in Japan. 2006 (26): 63–83. doi:10.5135/eusj1997.2006.63.
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