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Day labor (or day labour in Commonwealth spelling) is work done where the worker is hired and paid one day at a time, with no promise that more work will be available in the future. It is a form of contingent work.

Types

Day laborers (also known archaically as daysmen^[1]) find work through several common routes.

Some employment agencies specialize in very short-term contracts for manual labor, primarily in construction, factories, offices, and manufacturing. These companies usually have offices where workers can arrive and be immediately assigned to a job.

Unions are a second route through which workers find employment. In situations such as an unexpected change in construction plans, an employer may require additional appropriately skilled labor. By contacting a workers' union, the manager can find laborers with appropriate skills. In turn, the union workers have a higher chance of being employed since the manager is able to find workers to employ. Thus, the benefit of union representation applies to both the worker and the employer.^[2]^[3] Through the union, workers are given a source of recourse to achieve a safe work environment free of favoritism and arbitrary work assignments. Employers benefit from organized labor training programs, benefit plans, dispute resolution^[4] and a labor supply meeting labor demand at many times or places. A labor supply arriving at a specified time and location with less than a day's notice results in reduced overhead resources, which benefits the employer.^[5]^[6]

Less formally, workers offer their work to potential employers such as building contractors, landscapers, home owners, and small business owners. Workers assemble at at well-known locations, such as street corners or commercial parking lots, in the hope of finding such work.

Day labor in the United States

Informal day labor is not new to the United States, and day laborers are not always migrant workers in many cases. In his study of day laborers in Atlanta, Terry Easton interviews white, black, and Hispanic workers.^[7] Many other metropolitan areas still have non-immigrant day laborers, and many other large and small cities have immigrant day laborers from a variety of countries, including Mongolia, Poland, Russia, Brazil, Central and South America, and countries in Africa. Non-immigrant informal day labor, present in many cities, does not generate the controversy or calls to police and local government seen when immigrant day laborers gather to wait for work.^{[citation needed]}

Nonetheless, immigrants are a large source of day labor in the United States. Often, day labor work is in small residential construction or landscaping.^[8] These workers earn, on average, $8–$10 an hour. The media and a 2005 study by UCLA portrays day laborers as mostly being illegal immigrants from Mexico and Central America,^[8] who would otherwise be unable to work due to employment regulations.^[9] Other research has found that day laborers are not typically illegal immigrants. Many are citizens of the US, and day labor is often a transition to full-time work.^[10]^: 1–2

Unorganized day labor creates problems for day laborers: 1 in 3 corner day laborers have experienced theft of wages in the past two months and 1 in 5 experienced a serious worksite injury in the past year. Low wages and poor working conditions, employer abuse, and lack of insurance for work related accidents is common.^[11]^[12]

Some municipalities and communities have supported workers' efforts to organize themselves into democratically run workers' centers, designated areas, and organizations to defend workers' rights in general. Workers' Centers of this kind date back at least 18 years^[when?] to Los Angeles. Other municipalities have targeted day labor sites for aggressive enforcement of immigration laws.

Though united in their commitment to the rights of immigrant workers, NDLON and the Day Labor Research Institute represent different models of day labor center. NDLON represents the "social service agency model" and the Institute the "day laborer designed model."^[13] These different models of day labor centers may yield markedly different results that reflect the different goals of each model.^[13]

Problems when workers' centers are established can involve day laborers continuing to congregate in large numbers on the streets surrounding the day labor centers, refusing to leave the street to use the center,^[14] and large numbers of day laborers drawn from other areas to the streets surrounding the centers.^[10]^: 3–4 Low levels of work at the centers, low wages, and problems with the job distribution system are also common.^[10]^: 6

References

^ "daysman - noun". merriam-webster.com. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020. 1 – archaic: UMPIRE, ARBITER. 2 – archaic: DAY LABORER.
^ Freeman, Richard B.; Medoff, James L. (1984). "What Do Unions Do?" (PDF). New York: Basic Books, Inc. Chapter 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
^ Freeman, Richard B. (June 2005). "What do Unions Do?" (PDF) (The 2004 M-Brane Stringtwister ed.). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
^ "Disputes/Resolutions". Sacramento, Redding, Yuba: Laborers' Local #185. 2004. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
^ Ehrenberg, Ronald G.; Smith, Robert S. (2003). Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy (PDF) (8th ed.). Boston, San Francisco, New York: Addison Wesley. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-321-30503-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2009. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Ehrenberg, Ronald G.; Smith, Robert S. (2016). Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy (softcover) (12th ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-13-346278-4. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
^ Easton, Terry (December 21, 2007). "Geographies of Hope and Despair: Atlanta's African American, Latino, and White Day Laborers". Southernspaces.org. Emory Center for Digital Scholarship. Retrieved August 16, 2013.
^ ^a ^b Greenhouse, Steven (October 10, 2005). "Day Laborer Battle Runs Outside Home Depot". The New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2005 – via nytimes.com.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2007-07-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Guerette, Rob T. (October 2006). Disorder at Day Laborer Sites (PDF). popcenter.asu.edu (Report). Problem-Specific Guides Series, No. 44. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.
^ "Speak for Yourself: What Girls Say about What Girls Need". IssueLab. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2013-08-16.
^ Ordonez Juan Thomas (2015) Jornalero: Being a Day Laborer in the USA. University of California Press
^ ^a ^b "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2008-01-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Svensson, Lynn (April 2006). "Best Practices for Day Labor Centers" Planning". American Planning Association.^{[permanent dead link]}

External links

Organizations

In film and television

[Webster2020-1] "daysman - noun". merriam-webster.com. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020. 1 – archaic: UMPIRE, ARBITER. 2 – archaic: DAY LABORER.

[FreemanMedoff1984-2] Freeman, Richard B.; Medoff, James L. (1984). "What Do Unions Do?" (PDF). New York: Basic Books, Inc. Chapter 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2011. Retrieved February 22, 2009.

[Freeman2005-3] Freeman, Richard B. (June 2005). "What do Unions Do?" (PDF) (The 2004 M-Brane Stringtwister ed.). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Retrieved September 9, 2020.

[Local#185-4] "Disputes/Resolutions". Sacramento, Redding, Yuba: Laborers' Local #185. 2004. Archived from the original on September 17, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2009.

[EhrenbergSmith2003-5] Ehrenberg, Ronald G.; Smith, Robert S. (2003). Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy (PDF) (8th ed.). Boston, San Francisco, New York: Addison Wesley. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-321-30503-9. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2009. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[EhrenbergSmith2016-6] Ehrenberg, Ronald G.; Smith, Robert S. (2016). Modern Labor Economics: Theory and Public Policy (softcover) (12th ed.). London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-13-346278-4. Retrieved September 10, 2020.

[Easton-7] Easton, Terry (December 21, 2007). "Geographies of Hope and Despair: Atlanta's African American, Latino, and White Day Laborers". Southernspaces.org. Emory Center for Digital Scholarship. Retrieved August 16, 2013.

[Greenhouse2005-8] Greenhouse, Steven (October 10, 2005). "Day Laborer Battle Runs Outside Home Depot". The New York Times. Retrieved October 10, 2005 – via nytimes.com.

[9] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2007-07-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[Guerette2006-10] Guerette, Rob T. (October 2006). Disorder at Day Laborer Sites (PDF). popcenter.asu.edu (Report). Problem-Specific Guides Series, No. 44. U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.

[11] "Speak for Yourself: What Girls Say about What Girls Need". IssueLab. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2013-08-16.

[12] Ordonez Juan Thomas (2015) Jornalero: Being a Day Laborer in the USA. University of California Press

[autogenerated3-13] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2008-01-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[14] Svensson, Lynn (April 2006). "Best Practices for Day Labor Centers" Planning". American Planning Association.^{[permanent dead link]}

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Work done where the worker is hired and paid one day at a time}}
-{{Cleanup|reason=Article poorly organized, US-specific content starts before the "United States" section, generally scattered|date=March 2021}}
+{{Cleanup|reason=Article poorly organized, generally scattered, no international perspective|date=March 2021}}
 [[File:Workers At Dusk, GEC, Chittagong.jpg|thumb|Construction labors in [[Chittagong]], [[Bangladesh]].]]
 '''Day labor''' (or '''day labour''' in [[American and British English spelling differences|Commonwealth spelling]]) is work done where the worker is hired and paid one day at a time, with no promise that more work will be available in the future. It is a form of [[contingent work]].
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
  |quote = '''1''' &ndash; ''archaic'': UMPIRE, ARBITER. '''2''' &ndash; ''archaic'': DAY LABORER.
  |access-date = June 2, 2020
-}}</ref>) find work through three common routes.
+}}</ref>) find work through several common routes.
-Firstly, some [[employment agency|employment agencies]] specialize in very short-term contracts for manual labor most often in construction, factories, offices, and manufacturing. These companies usually have offices where workers can arrive and be assigned to a job on the spot, as they are available.
+Some [[employment agency|employment agencies]] specialize in very short-term contracts for manual labor, primarily in construction, factories, offices, and manufacturing. These companies usually have offices where workers can arrive and be immediately assigned to a job.
-Secondly, a manager looking for additional labor to fill an unexpected change in plans is presented with a problem of finding the needed quantity of labor with the right skills. Imagine the magnitude of the task of looking for workers, on the side of the street or by calling various employment agencies, who can verify that they are journeyman asphalt rakers, typists, programmers, etc. The benefit of representation is applied to both the labor and employer.<ref name="FreemanMedoff1984">{{cite web
+Unions are a second route through which workers find employment. In situations such as an unexpected change in construction plans, an employer may require additional appropriately skilled labor. By contacting a workers' union, the manager can find laborers with appropriate skills. In turn, the union workers have a higher chance of being employed since the manager is able to find workers to employ. Thus, the benefit of union representation applies to both the worker and the employer.<ref name="FreemanMedoff1984">{{cite web
  |last1 = Freeman
  |first1 = Richard B.
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
  |url = https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6785289.pdf
  |access-date = September 9, 2020
-}}</ref> Labor is given a source of recourse to achieve a safe work environment free of favoritism and arbitrary work assignments. Employers benefit from organized labor training programs, benefit plans, dispute resolution<ref name="Local#185">{{cite web
+}}</ref> Through the union, workers are given a source of recourse to achieve a safe work environment free of favoritism and arbitrary work assignments. Employers benefit from organized labor training programs, benefit plans, dispute resolution<ref name="Local#185">{{cite web
  |title = Disputes/Resolutions
  |publisher = Laborers' Local #185
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
  |archive-date = September 17, 2008
  |url-status = dead
-}}</ref> and a labor supply meeting most employers labor demand at most any time or place. The benefit of a labor supply arriving at a specified time and location within less than a day's notice is reduced overhead resources.<ref name="EhrenbergSmith2003">{{cite book
+}}</ref> and a labor supply meeting labor demand at many times or places. A labor supply arriving at a specified time and location with less than a day's notice results in reduced [[Overhead (business)|overhead]] resources, which benefits the employer.<ref name="EhrenbergSmith2003">{{cite book
  |last1 = Ehrenberg
  |first1 = Ronald G.
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 }}</ref>
-Thirdly and less formally, workers meet at well-known locations, usually public street corners or commercial parking lots, and wait for [[building contractor]]s, landscapers, home owners and small business owners, and other potential employers to offer work. Much of this work is in small residential [[construction]] or landscaping.<ref name=Greenhouse2005>{{Cite news
+Less formally, workers offer their work to potential employers such as [[building contractor]]s, landscapers, home owners, and small business owners. Workers assemble at at well-known locations, such as street corners or commercial parking lots, in the hope of finding such work.
- |last = Greenhouse
- |first = Steven
- |title = Day Laborer Battle Runs Outside Home Depot
- |date = October 10, 2005
- |work=[[The New York Times]]
- |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/10/national/10depot.html
- |via = nytimes.com
- |access-date = October 10, 2005
-}}</ref> These workers earn, on average, $8–$10 an hour. The media and a study by [[UCLA]] portrays day laborers as being illegal immigrants from [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]],<ref name=Greenhouse2005 />  who otherwise can't get work due to current employment regulations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/Title_08.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726041901/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/Title_08.txt |archive-date=2007-07-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other research has found that day laborers are not typically illegal immigrants, many even being citizens of the US, and that day labor is often a transition to full-time work.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.daylaborinfo.org/research.aspx |title=Research |publisher=Daylaborinfo.org}}</ref>
 ==Day labor in the United States==
+Informal day labor is not new to the United States, and day laborers are not always [[migrant workers]] in many cases. In his study of day laborers in [[Atlanta]], Terry Easton interviews [[white people|white]], [[black people|black]], and [[Hispanic]] workers.<ref name="Easton">{{cite web
-Day labor is work done where the worker is hired and paid one day at time, with no promise that more work will be available in the future. It is a form of contingent work.
-Informal day labor is not new to the United States, and day laborers are not always [[migrant workers]] in many cases. In his study of day laborers in [[Atlanta]], Terry Easton interviews [[white people|white]] and [[black people|black]] day laborers in addition to [[Hispanic]] workers.<ref name="Easton">{{cite web
  |last= Easton
- |first= Terry Easton
+ |first= Terry
  |url= http://southernspaces.org/2007/geographies-hope-and-despair-atlantas-african-american-latino-and-white-day-laborers
  |title= Geographies of Hope and Despair: Atlanta's African American, Latino, and White Day Laborers
@@ Line 111: / Line 101: @@
  |website= Southernspaces.org
  |date= December 21, 2007
- |access-date= August 16, 2013}}</ref> Many other metropolitan areas still have non-immigrant day laborers, and many other large and small cities have immigrant day laborers from a variety of countries, including [[Mongolia]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], [[Brazil]], Central and South America, and countries in [[Africa]]. Non-immigrant informal day labor, seen in many cities, does not generate the controversy or calls to police and local government seen when immigrant day laborers gather to wait for work.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}
+ |access-date= August 16, 2013}}</ref> Many other metropolitan areas still have non-immigrant day laborers, and many other large and small cities have immigrant day laborers from a variety of countries, including [[Mongolia]], [[Poland]], [[Russia]], [[Brazil]], Central and South America, and countries in [[Africa]]. Non-immigrant informal day labor, present in many cities, does not generate the controversy or calls to police and local government seen when immigrant day laborers gather to wait for work.{{citation needed|date=November 2010}}
+Nonetheless, immigrants are a large source of day labor in the United States. Often, day labor work is in small residential [[construction]] or landscaping.<ref name="Greenhouse2005">{{Cite news
-Unorganized day labor creates real problems for day laborers: 1 in 3 corner day laborers have experienced theft of wages in the past two months; 1 in 5 experienced a serious worksite injury in the past year. Low wages and poor working conditions, employer abuse, and lack of insurance for work related accidents is common.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issuelab.com/browse/browse_pub.php?pub_id=478 |title=Speak for Yourself: What Girls Say about What Girls Need |publisher=IssueLab |access-date=2013-08-16}}</ref><ref>Ordonez Juan Thomas (2015) Jornalero: Being a Day Laborer in the USA. University of California Press</ref>
+ |last = Greenhouse
+ |first = Steven
-Numerous complaints are made about immigrant day laborers. These include loitering, noise, crime and rushing cars of potential employers in parking lots. Cities and counties have tried a variety of solutions with varied success. Some municipalities and communities have supported workers' efforts to organize themselves into democratically run [[day labor centers|workers' centers]], designated areas, and [[organization]]s to defend [[labor rights|workers' rights]] in general. Workers' Centers of this kind date back at least 18 years{{when|date=March 2014}} to [[Los Angeles]].  Other municipalities have targeted day labor sites for aggressive enforcement of immigration laws.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Help Center - The Arizona Republic|url=https://help.azcentral.com/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=help.azcentral.com}}</ref>
+ |title = Day Laborer Battle Runs Outside Home Depot
+ |date = October 10, 2005
-Though united in their commitment to the rights of [[migrant worker|immigrant workers]], NDLON and the Day Labor Research Institute represent two very different models of day labor center. NDLON represents the "social service agency model" and the Institute the "day laborer designed model."<ref name=autogenerated3>{{Cite web |url=http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Comparing%20Day%20Labor%20Center%20Models.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012001207/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Comparing%20Day%20Labor%20Center%20Models.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These different models of day labor centers may yield markedly different results that reflect the different goals of each model.<ref name=autogenerated3 />
+ |work=[[The New York Times]]
+ |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/10/national/10depot.html
-Problems when workers' centers are established are also common: day laborers often continue to congregate in large numbers on the streets surrounding the day labor centers, refusing to leave the street and use the center;<ref>{{cite web |last=Svensson |first=Lynn |title=Best Practices for Day Labor Centers" Planning |publisher=American Planning Association |date=April 2006 |url=http://myapa.planning.org/planning/member/2006apr/daylaborside.htm?project=Print }}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> new problems can be created, including new crowds of homeless and substance abusers loitering near the center after hours, and large numbers of day laborers drawn from other areas to the streets surrounding the centers.<ref name="Disorder">{{cite report
+ |via = nytimes.com
+ |access-date = October 10, 2005
+}}</ref> These workers earn, on average, $8–$10 an hour. The media and a 2005 study by [[UCLA]] portrays day laborers as mostly being illegal immigrants from [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]],<ref name="Greenhouse2005" />  who would otherwise be unable to work due to employment regulations.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/Title_08.txt |title=Archived copy |access-date=2007-07-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070726041901/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/Title_08.txt |archive-date=2007-07-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Other research has found that day laborers are not typically illegal immigrants. Many are citizens of the US, and day labor is often a transition to full-time work.<ref name="Guerette2006">{{cite report
  |last= Guerette
  |first= Rob T.
@@ Line 128: / Line 121: @@
  |url=
 https://popcenter.asu.edu/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/problems/pdfs/disorder_at_daylaborsites.pdf
- |publisher= U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services}}</ref>{{rp|pages=3-4}} Low levels of work at the centers, low wages, and problems with the job distribution system are also common.<ref name="Disorder"/>{{rp|page=6}}
+ |publisher= U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services}}</ref>{{rp|pages=1-2}}
+Unorganized day labor creates problems for day laborers: 1 in 3 corner day laborers have experienced theft of wages in the past two months and 1 in 5 experienced a serious worksite injury in the past year. Low wages and poor working conditions, employer abuse, and lack of insurance for work related accidents is common.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.issuelab.com/browse/browse_pub.php?pub_id=478 |title=Speak for Yourself: What Girls Say about What Girls Need |publisher=IssueLab |access-date=2013-08-16 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928200315/http://www.issuelab.com/browse/browse_pub.php?pub_id=478 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Ordonez Juan Thomas (2015) Jornalero: Being a Day Laborer in the USA. University of California Press</ref>
+Some municipalities and communities have supported workers' efforts to organize themselves into democratically run [[day labor centers|workers' centers]], designated areas, and [[organization]]s to defend [[labor rights|workers' rights]] in general. Workers' Centers of this kind date back at least 18 years{{when|date=March 2014}} to [[Los Angeles]]. Other municipalities have targeted day labor sites for aggressive enforcement of immigration laws.
+Though united in their commitment to the rights of [[migrant worker|immigrant workers]], NDLON and the Day Labor Research Institute represent different models of day labor center. NDLON represents the "social service agency model" and the Institute the "day laborer designed model."<ref name=autogenerated3>{{Cite web |url=http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Comparing%20Day%20Labor%20Center%20Models.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2008-01-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012001207/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Comparing%20Day%20Labor%20Center%20Models.pdf |archive-date=2007-10-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These different models of day labor centers may yield markedly different results that reflect the different goals of each model.<ref name=autogenerated3 />
+Problems when workers' centers are established can involve day laborers continuing to congregate in large numbers on the streets surrounding the day labor centers, refusing to leave the street to use the center,<ref>{{cite web |last=Svensson |first=Lynn |title=Best Practices for Day Labor Centers" Planning |publisher=American Planning Association |date=April 2006 |url=http://myapa.planning.org/planning/member/2006apr/daylaborside.htm?project=Print }}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and large numbers of day laborers drawn from other areas to the streets surrounding the centers.<ref name="Guerette2006"/>{{rp|pages=3-4}} Low levels of work at the centers, low wages, and problems with the job distribution system are also common.<ref name="Guerette2006"/>{{rp|page=6}}
-[[Karla Cornejo Villavicencio]]'s ''The Undocumented Americans'' (2020) largely focusses on undocumented immigrants working as day laborers in the US.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dickerson|first=Caitlin|date=2020-03-24|title=This Is the Face of an Undocumented Immigrant. Don't Look Away.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/books/review/the-undocumented-americans-karla-cornejo-villavicencio.html|access-date=2020-09-09|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 143: / Line 142: @@
 *Sanchez, George. "[http://southernspaces.org/2007/latinos-american-south-and-future-us-race-relations Latinos, the American South, and the Future of U.S. Race Relations.]" ''Southern Spaces,'' April 26, 2007. http://southernspaces.org/2007/latinos-american-south-and-future-us-race-relations
 *Svensson, Lynn. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080530142115/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Comparing%20Day%20Labor%20Center%20Models.pdf Comparing Solutions: An Overview of Day Labor Programs]. ''Day Labor Research Institute,'' August, 2004.
-*Foster, Meghan. [http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Failing%20to%20Deliver.pdf Failing to Deliver: One-Stop Employment Centers]. ''Day Labor/Jobs Project of the Chicago Coalition for the Homeless,'' 2004
+*Foster, Meghan. [http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Failing%20to%20Deliver.pdf Failing to Deliver: One-Stop Employment Centers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427234554/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/Failing%20to%20Deliver.pdf |date=2011-04-27 }}. ''Day Labor/Jobs Project of the Chicago Coalition for the Homeless,'' 2004
-*Torres, Gustavo. [http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/7.pdf From Services to Activism: How Latino Day Laborers and Domestic Workers are Advocating for Themselves]. ''From Services to Activism: How Latino Day Laborers and Domestic Workers are Advocating for Themselves, NYU/Wagner, Leadership for a Changing World, Research and Documentation Component, Research Center for Leadership in Action,'' September, 2003.
+*Torres, Gustavo. [http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/7.pdf From Services to Activism: How Latino Day Laborers and Domestic Workers are Advocating for Themselves] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725222100/http://daylaborinfo.org/Documents/7.pdf |date=2011-07-25 }}. ''From Services to Activism: How Latino Day Laborers and Domestic Workers are Advocating for Themselves, NYU/Wagner, Leadership for a Changing World, Research and Documentation Component, Research Center for Leadership in Action,'' September, 2003.
 ==External links==
@@ Line 151: / Line 150: @@
 * [http://www.sol-plus.net/jornaleros.htm Library Service to Day Laborers: Biblio/webliography]
 * [http://www.casa-latina.org/ Casa Latina]
-* [http://www.issuelab.com/search/search.php?r=25&q=day+labor Issue Lab: Day Labor]
+* [http://www.issuelab.com/search/search.php?r=25&q=day+labor Issue Lab: Day Labor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928200321/http://www.issuelab.com/search/search.php?r=25&q=day+labor |date=2007-09-28 }}
 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080704103838/http://www.daylaborinfo.org/ Day Labor Research Institute]
@@ Line 157: / Line 156: @@
 * [https://www.pbs.org/independentlens/theworkers/ PBS The Workers documentary]
 * [https://www.pbs.org/pov/pov2004/farmingville/ PBS Farmingville documentary]
-* [https://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20081030190452/http://www.daylaborthemovie.com/ Day Labor, a short comedy satirizing corporate America through the experience of two laborers]
+* [http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20081030190452/http://www.daylaborthemovie.com/ Day Labor, a short comedy satirizing corporate America through the experience of two laborers]
 * [http://www.thejobtheshort.com/ The Job, an award-winning comic short]
@@ Line 164: / Line 163: @@
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Day Labor}}
-[[Category:Labor relations]]
+[[Category:Labor]]
+[[Category:Precarious work]]
+[[Category:Employment classifications]]

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