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{{Short description|Indonesian politician}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox military person
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = Teungku
| honorific_prefix = [[Major General]] ([[Titular and honorary rank|Tit.]]) Teungku
| name = Mohammad Daud Beureu'eh
| name = Mohammad Daud Beureu'eh
| honorific_suffix =
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name =
| native_name =
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| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1899 <!-- {{birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{birth date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} if dead-->
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1899|09|17}}
| death_date = 1987 <!-- {{Death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} death date first, then birth date -->
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1987|06|10|1899|09|17}}
| birth_place = Beureu'eh, Keumangan, Pidië, Aceh, Indonesia
| birth_place = [[Pidie Regency|Pidie]], [[Aceh Sultanate]]
| death_place = [[Jakarta]]
| death_place = [[Banda Aceh]], [[Indonesia]]
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_label =
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| nickname =
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = Persatuan Ulama Seluruh Atjeh (PUSA), Negara Islam Indonesia
| allegiance = ''[[Persatuan Ulama Seluruh Aceh]]'' (PUSA)<br/>''[[Negara Islam Indonesia]]''
| branch =
| branch =
| serviceyears =
| serviceyears =
| rank =
| rank = [[Major General]] ([[Titular and honorary rank|titular]])
| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.-->
| servicenumber = <!--Do not use data from primary sources such as service records.-->
| unit =
| unit =
| commands =
| commands =
| battles =
| battles = *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]
**[[Cumbok affair]]
*[[Darul Islam rebellion]]
| battles_label =
| battles_label =
| awards =
| awards =
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}}
}}


'''Teungku Daud Beureueh''' (1899 in [[Pidie]], [[Aceh]] – 1987 in [[Jakarta]]), military Governor of [[Aceh]] (1945–1953) and leader of the [[Darul Islam (Indonesia)|Darul Islam]] rebellion in the province (1953–1963).
'''Teungku Mohammad Daud Beureueh''' (17 September 1899 – 10 June 1987) was an Indonesian military Governor of [[Aceh]] (1945–1953) and leader of the [[Darul Islam (Indonesia)|Darul Islam]] rebellion in the province (1953–1963).


Born in the Keumangan chiefdom of Pidië regency, he began from 1930 to champion a more modern form of Islamic school, and to become a popular reformist preacher. In 1939 he established and lead the Persatuan Ulama Seluruh Aceh (PSA), or All Aceh Islamic Scholars Association. PUSA was not initially anti-Dutch, but emerged as the principal critic of the Dutch-supported hierarchy of ''uléëbalang'' (aristocrat-officials). Its members contacted the Japanese before their 1942 invasion, in the hope of overturning uléëbalang rule as a reward for their support. As the Japanese saw a greater need for popular support in 1944, they transferred many judicial functions from the uléëbalang to religious courts headed by Daud. After the Japanese surrender this conflict between religious and secular elites became violent, leading to the eclipse of the uléëbalang and the killing of many in December 1945. Daud was thereafter the most influential figure in Aceh, and his support for the Indonesian Republic's struggle against the returning Dutch helped make Aceh a bastion of the Republican cause. He was recognised as Military Governor in 1947, and Governor once independence was won in 1950.
Born in the Keumangan chiefdom of Pidie regency, he began in 1930 to champion a more modern form of Islamic school and became a popular reformist preacher. In 1939 he established and led the ''[[Persatuan Ulama Seluruh Aceh]]'' (PUSA), or All Aceh Islamic Scholars Association. PUSA was not initially anti-Dutch but emerged as the principal critic of the Dutch-supported hierarchy of ''[[ulèëbalang]]'' (aristocrat-officials). Its members contacted the Japanese before their [[Dutch East Indies campaign|1942 invasion]], in the hope of overturning ''ulèëbalang'' rule as a reward for their support. As the Japanese saw a greater need for popular support in 1944, they transferred many judicial functions from the ''ulèëbalang'' to religious courts headed by Daud. After the [[Surrender of Japan|Japanese surrender]], this conflict between religious and secular elites became violent, leading to the eclipse of the ''ulèëbalang'' and the killing of many in the [[Cumbok Affair]] of December 1945/January 1946. Daud was thereafter the most influential figure in Aceh, and his support for the [[Republic of Indonesia (1949–50)|Indonesian Republic]]'s struggle against the returning Dutch helped make Aceh a bastion of the Republican cause. He was recognised as Military Governor in 1947, and Governor once independence was won in 1950.


His consistency towards the enforcement of Islamic law started from the da'wah in his youth, until the beginning of the revolution. On one occasion with Teuku Nyak Arief, he gave the view that Indonesia should be based on Islam. However, Teuku Nyak Arief refused, explaining the diversity that existed in the forerunner of Indonesia. That determination did not subside until President [[Sukarno]] met with Tengku Daud Beureueh in his goodwill in June 1948. He advised that after the war of independence Aceh was given the freedom to practice Islamic law, and Sukarno agreed, although his reference to Islamic law was that Aceh was allowed to enact “Islamic family law” and not criminal ones. However, in 1953, Sukarno changed his mind and opposed Aceh's plan to enact Islamic law, stating that "Indonesia is a nation state with the ideology of [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]], not a theocratic country with a certain religious orientation" and emphasized that Aceh's plan to enact Islamic laws contradict the secular Indonesian legislature.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jo |first=Hendi |date= 9 October 2015|title=Air Mata Bung Karno Meleleh di Aceh |url=https://historia.id/politik/articles/air-mata-bung-karno-meleleh-di-aceh-vqrx1 |access-date= |website=Historia.id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-28|title=Airmata Penunduk Abu Daud|url=https://www.alathiyah.com/airmata-penunduk-abu-daud/|website=Dayah Al Athiyah Tahfizh Al Quran|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-06-18|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171814/https://www.alathiyah.com/airmata-penunduk-abu-daud/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
⚫
He and his supporters were alienated from Jakarta thereafter. Daud was sidelined in favour of western-educated leaders in 1951 when Aceh was merged in a larger Province of North Sumatra with a substantial Christian (Batak) minority. Supported by former PUSA members and much of the military, he led a rebellion against Jakarta in September 1953, declaring that Aceh would join the insurgent Negara Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic State) formed earlier in Java by Kartosuwirjo. Jakarta quickly retook the cities, but resistance was widespread until 1959, when many supporters accepted a peace agreement whereby Aceh would become a "Special Region" with the right to enact Islamic laws. Daud himself did not return from his guerrilla base until 1962, however, when he was given an amnesty but remained very critical. .<ref name="Reid341">Reid (2005), p. 341</ref>


⚫
He and his supporters were alienated from Jakarta thereafter. Daud was sidelined in favour of Western-educated leaders in 1951 when Aceh was merged into a larger Province of [[North Sumatra]] with a substantial Christian ([[Batak]]) minority. Supported by former PUSA members and much of the military, he led a rebellion against Jakarta in September 1953, declaring that Aceh would join the insurgent ''[[Negara Islam Indonesia]]'' (Indonesian Islamic State) formed earlier in Java by [[Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwiryo|Kartosuwiryo]]. Jakarta quickly retook the cities, but resistance was widespread until 1959 when many supporters demanded Aceh be a "Special Region" with the right to enact Islamic laws. Daud himself did not return from his guerrilla base until 1962, however, when he was given an amnesty but remained very critical.<ref name="Reid341">Reid (2005), p. 341</ref>
After the appearance of GAM separatists in 1977, Beureueh, who secretly supported the rebels, was arrested and held under house arrest in Jakarta until his death in 1987. {{citation needed|date=October 2011}}

After the appearance of [[Free Aceh Movement|the Free Aceh Movement]] (GAM) in 1978, Beureueh was arrested and held under house arrest in Jakarta until he died in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matanasi |first=Petrik |date=11 March 2017 |editor-last=Sugito |editor-first=Zen Rachmat |editor2-last=Handayani |editor2-first=Maulida Sri |title=Cara Orde Baru Membungkam Para Ulama |url=https://tirto.id/cara-orde-baru-membungkam-para-ulama-ckrP |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
{{Portal|Indonesia|Biography}}
{{Portal|Indonesia|Biography}}
* {{cite book | last =Siegel | first =James | title =The Rope of God | publisher =University of California Press | year = 1969 | location = United States }}
<Reid, Anthony, The Blood of the People: Revolution and the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra = Oxford University Press = 1979>
* {{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anthony | title =The Blood of the People: Revolution and the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher =Singapore University Press | year = 1979 | location = [[Singapore]] | isbn = 9971696371}}
<James Siegel> The Rope of God = University of California Press = 1969.
* {{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anthony | authorlink = | coauthors = | title =An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese & Other Histories of Sumatra | publisher =Singapore University Press | year = 2005 | location = [[Singapore]] | pages = | isbn = 9971-69-298-8 }}
* {{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anthony | title =An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese & Other Histories of Sumatra | publisher =Singapore University Press | year = 2005 | location = Singapore | isbn = 9971-69-298-8}}

{{Indonesia-mil-bio-stub}}


{{Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence}}
{{authority control|VIAF=280425100}}
{{authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Beureueh, Daud}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Beureueh, Daud}}
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[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Acehnese people]]
[[Category:Acehnese people]]
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[[Category:BPUPK]]
[[Category:Governors of Aceh]]
[[Category:Governors of Aceh]]
[[Category:Indonesian military personnel]]
[[Category:Indonesian military personnel]]
[[Category:Indonesian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indonesian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indonesian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Indonesian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:Indonesian politicians]]
⚫
[[Category:People from Aceh]]
[[Category:People from Pidie Jaya Regency]]
[[Category:People from Pidie Jaya Regency]]
[[Category:Politics of Aceh]]
[[Category:Politics of Aceh]]

Revision as of 21:56, 28 July 2024

Major General (Tit.) Teungku

Mohammad Daud Beureu'eh
Born(1899-09-17)17 September 1899
Pidie, Aceh Sultanate
Died10 June 1987(1987-06-10) (aged 87)
Banda Aceh, Indonesia
AllegiancePersatuan Ulama Seluruh Aceh (PUSA)
Negara Islam Indonesia
RankMajor General (titular)
Battles / wars

Teungku Mohammad Daud Beureueh (17 September 1899 – 10 June 1987) was an Indonesian military Governor of Aceh (1945–1953) and leader of the Darul Islam rebellion in the province (1953–1963).

Born in the Keumangan chiefdom of Pidie regency, he began in 1930 to champion a more modern form of Islamic school and became a popular reformist preacher. In 1939 he established and led the Persatuan Ulama Seluruh Aceh (PUSA), or All Aceh Islamic Scholars Association. PUSA was not initially anti-Dutch but emerged as the principal critic of the Dutch-supported hierarchy of ulèëbalang (aristocrat-officials). Its members contacted the Japanese before their 1942 invasion, in the hope of overturning ulèëbalang rule as a reward for their support. As the Japanese saw a greater need for popular support in 1944, they transferred many judicial functions from the ulèëbalang to religious courts headed by Daud. After the Japanese surrender, this conflict between religious and secular elites became violent, leading to the eclipse of the ulèëbalang and the killing of many in the Cumbok Affair of December 1945/January 1946. Daud was thereafter the most influential figure in Aceh, and his support for the Indonesian Republic's struggle against the returning Dutch helped make Aceh a bastion of the Republican cause. He was recognised as Military Governor in 1947, and Governor once independence was won in 1950.

His consistency towards the enforcement of Islamic law started from the da'wah in his youth, until the beginning of the revolution. On one occasion with Teuku Nyak Arief, he gave the view that Indonesia should be based on Islam. However, Teuku Nyak Arief refused, explaining the diversity that existed in the forerunner of Indonesia. That determination did not subside until President Sukarno met with Tengku Daud Beureueh in his goodwill in June 1948. He advised that after the war of independence Aceh was given the freedom to practice Islamic law, and Sukarno agreed, although his reference to Islamic law was that Aceh was allowed to enact “Islamic family law” and not criminal ones. However, in 1953, Sukarno changed his mind and opposed Aceh's plan to enact Islamic law, stating that "Indonesia is a nation state with the ideology of Pancasila, not a theocratic country with a certain religious orientation" and emphasized that Aceh's plan to enact Islamic laws contradict the secular Indonesian legislature.[1][2]

He and his supporters were alienated from Jakarta thereafter. Daud was sidelined in favour of Western-educated leaders in 1951 when Aceh was merged into a larger Province of North Sumatra with a substantial Christian (Batak) minority. Supported by former PUSA members and much of the military, he led a rebellion against Jakarta in September 1953, declaring that Aceh would join the insurgent Negara Islam Indonesia (Indonesian Islamic State) formed earlier in Java by Kartosuwiryo. Jakarta quickly retook the cities, but resistance was widespread until 1959 when many supporters demanded Aceh be a "Special Region" with the right to enact Islamic laws. Daud himself did not return from his guerrilla base until 1962, however, when he was given an amnesty but remained very critical.[3]

After the appearance of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in 1978, Beureueh was arrested and held under house arrest in Jakarta until he died in 1987.[4]

References

  1. ^ Jo, Hendi (9 October 2015). "Air Mata Bung Karno Meleleh di Aceh". Historia.id.
  2. ^ "Airmata Penunduk Abu Daud". Dayah Al Athiyah Tahfizh Al Quran (in Indonesian). 28 August 2019. Archived from the original on 20 September 2022. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
  3. ^ Reid (2005), p. 341
  4. ^ Matanasi, Petrik (11 March 2017). Sugito, Zen Rachmat; Handayani, Maulida Sri (eds.). "Cara Orde Baru Membungkam Para Ulama". tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 March 2023.

Bibliography

  • Siegel, James (1969). The Rope of God. United States: University of California Press.
  • Reid, Anthony (1979). The Blood of the People: Revolution and the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra. Singapore: Singapore University Press. ISBN 9971696371.
  • Reid, Anthony (2005). An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese & Other Histories of Sumatra. Singapore: Singapore University Press. ISBN 9971-69-298-8.
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