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{{Short description|Order of mammals}}
{{Short description|Order of mammals}}
{{Redirect|Pan-Primates|the genus|Pan (genus)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]]&ndash;[[Holocene]], {{Fossil range|66|0|earliest=79.6|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Primatomorpha |work=[[Paleobiology Database]] |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=132602&is_real_user=1}}</ref><ref name=":0" />}}
| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]]&ndash;[[Holocene]],
{{Fossil range|66|0|earliest=79.6|ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Primatomorpha |work=[[Paleobiology Database]] |url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=132602&is_real_user=1}}</ref><ref name=":0" />}}
| image = Colugo (Galeopterus variegatus, adult female), Central Catchment Area, Singapore - 20060618.jpg
| image = Colugo (Galeopterus variegatus, adult female), Central Catchment Area, Singapore - 20060618.jpg
| image2 = Primates - some families.jpg
| image2 = Primates - some families.jpg
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| authority = Beard, 1991<ref>{{Cite book|last=Collectif | veditors = Coppens Y, Senut B|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xervDwAAQBAJ|title=Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés|date=1991|publisher=CNRS Éditions (réédition numérique FeniXX)|isbn=978-2-271-10666-7|language=en}}</ref>
| authority = Beard, 1991<ref>{{Cite book|last=Collectif | veditors = Coppens Y, Senut B|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xervDwAAQBAJ|title=Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés|date=1991|publisher=CNRS Éditions (réédition numérique FeniXX)|isbn=978-2-271-10666-7|language=en}}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Orders
| subdivision_ranks = Orders
| subdivision =
| subdivision = * [[Dermoptera]]
* [[Dermoptera]]
* '''Pan-Primates'''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wilson Mantilla |first1=G. P. |last2=Chester |first2=S. G. B. |last3=Clemens |first3=W. A. |last4=Moore |first4=J. R. |last5=Sprain |first5=C. J. |last6=Hovatter |first6=B. T. |last7=Mitchell |first7=W. S. |last8=Mans |first8=W. W. |last9=Mundil |first9=R. |last10=Renne |first10=P. R. |title=Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=rsos.210050, 210050 |doi=10.1098/rsos.210050|pmid=33972886 |pmc=8074693 |bibcode=2021RSOS....810050W }}</ref>
* '''Pan-Primates'''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wilson Mantilla |first1=G. P. |last2=Chester |first2=S. G. B. |last3=Clemens |first3=W. A. |last4=Moore |first4=J. R. |last5=Sprain |first5=C. J. |last6=Hovatter |first6=B. T. |last7=Mitchell |first7=W. S. |last8=Mans |first8=W. W. |last9=Mundil |first9=R. |last10=Renne |first10=P. R. |title=Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates |journal=Royal Society Open Science |date=2021 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=rsos.210050, 210050 |doi=10.1098/rsos.210050|pmid=33972886 |pmc=8074693 |bibcode=2021RSOS....810050W }}</ref>
** {{Extinct}}[[Plesiadapiformes]] {{Small|([[Paraphyletic]])}}
** [[Plesiadapiformes]] (incl. [[primates|crown-primates]])
** [[Primates]]
}}
}}


The '''Primatomorpha''' are a proposed [[mirorder]] of [[mammal]]s containing two extant [[order (biology)|orders]]: the [[Dermoptera]] (flying lemurs or colugos), plus the [[Plesiadapiformes]] ([[Primate|Primates]]) and it's descendants [[Strepsirrhini]] ([[adapiformes]]{{Extinct}} and [[lemuriformes]]), and [[Haplorhini]]. It is thus a clade of which most basal groupings are lemur-like creatures, with the Haplorhini (including ''[[Homo sapiens]]'') being sister to the subclade lemuriformes.
'''Primatomorpha''' is a proposed [[mirorder]] of [[mammal]]s containing the orders [[Dermoptera]] (or colugos) and [[Primates]]. Primatomorpha is sister to [[Scandentia]], together forming the [[Euarchonta]].


The term "Primatomorpha" first appeared in the general scientific literature in 1991 (K.C. Beard) and 1992 (Kalandadze, Rautian). Major DNA sequence analyses of predominantly nuclear sequences (Murphy et al., 2001) support the [[Euarchonta]] hypothesis, while a major study investigating mitochondrial sequences supports a different tree topology (Arnason et al., 2002). A study investigating [[retrotransposon]] [[Retrotransposon Marker|presence/absence data]] has claimed strong support for Euarchonta (Kriegs et al., 2007). Some interpretations of the molecular data link [[Primates]] and [[Dermoptera]] in a [[clade]] ([[mirorder]]) known as Primatomorpha, which is the sister of [[Scandentia]]. Primates probably split from the Dermoptera sister group 79.6 million years ago during the Cretaceous.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Esselstyn JA, Oliveros CH, Swanson MT, Faircloth BC | title = Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements | journal = Genome Biology and Evolution | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | pages = 2308–2321 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 28934378 | pmc = 5604124 | doi = 10.1093/gbe/evx168 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang ML, Li ML, Ayoola AO, Murphy RW, Wu DD, Shao Y | title = Conserved sequences identify the closest living relatives of primates | journal = Zoological Research | volume = 40 | issue = 6 | pages = 532–540 | date = November 2019 | pmid = 31393097 | pmc = 6822925 | doi = 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.057 }}</ref>
The term "Primatomorpha" first appeared in the general scientific literature in 1991 (K.C. Beard) and 1992 (Kalandadze, Rautian). Major DNA sequence analyses of predominantly nuclear sequences (Murphy et al., 2001) support the [[Euarchonta]] hypothesis, while a major study investigating mitochondrial sequences supports a different tree topology (Arnason et al., 2002). A study investigating [[retrotransposon]] [[Retrotransposon Marker|presence/absence data]] has claimed strong support for Euarchonta (Kriegs et al., 2007). Some interpretations of the molecular data link [[Primates]] and [[Dermoptera]] in a [[clade]] ([[mirorder]]) known as Primatomorpha, which is the sister of [[Scandentia]]. Primates probably split from the Dermoptera sister group 79.6 million years ago during the Cretaceous.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Esselstyn JA, Oliveros CH, Swanson MT, Faircloth BC | title = Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements | journal = Genome Biology and Evolution | volume = 9 | issue = 9 | pages = 2308–2321 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 28934378 | pmc = 5604124 | doi = 10.1093/gbe/evx168 }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang ML, Li ML, Ayoola AO, Murphy RW, Wu DD, Shao Y | title = Conserved sequences identify the closest living relatives of primates | journal = Zoological Research | volume = 40 | issue = 6 | pages = 532–540 | date = November 2019 | pmid = 31393097 | pmc = 6822925 | doi = 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.057 }}</ref>


Other interpretations link the Dermoptera and Scandentia together in a group called [[Sundatheria]] as the sister group of the primates.<ref name="SCI-20130208">{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Leary MA, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A, Giannini NP, Goldberg SL, Kraatz BP, Luo ZX, Meng J, Ni X, Novacek MJ, Perini FA, Randall ZS, Rougier GW, Sargis EJ, Silcox MT, Simmons NB, Spaulding M, Velazco PM, Weksler M, Wible JR, Cirranello AL | display-authors = 6 | title = The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals | journal = Science | volume = 339 | issue = 6120 | pages = 662–7 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23393258 | doi = 10.1126/science.1229237 | bibcode = 2013Sci...339..662O | url = https://semanticscholar.org/paper/d7a4824937556d33cd5d499eb469c6e87673a719 | hdl = 11336/7302 | s2cid = 206544776 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20130207">{{cite web |last=Wilford |first=John Noble | name-list-style = vanc |title=Rat-Size Ancestor Said to Link Man and Beast |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/08/science/common-ancestor-of-mammals-plucked-from-obscurity.html |date=7 February 2013 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=9 February 2013 }}</ref> Some recent studies place Scandentia as sister of the Glires, invalidating Euarchonta.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meredith RW, Janečka JE, Gatesy J, Ryder OA, Fisher CA, Teeling EC, Goodbla A, Eizirik E, Simão TL, Stadler T, Rabosky DL, Honeycutt RL, Flynn JJ, Ingram CM, Steiner C, Williams TL, Robinson TJ, Burk-Herrick A, Westerman M, Ayoub NA, Springer MS, Murphy WJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification | journal = Science | volume = 334 | issue = 6055 | pages = 521–4 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21940861 | doi = 10.1126/science.1211028 | bibcode = 2011Sci...334..521M | s2cid = 38120449 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou X, Sun F, Xu S, Yang G, Li M | title = The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful | journal = Integrative Zoology | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 186–98 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25311886 | doi = 10.1111/1749-4877.12116 }}</ref>
Other interpretations link the Dermoptera and Scandentia together in a group called [[Sundatheria]] as the sister group of the primates.<ref name="SCI-20130208">{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Leary MA, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A, Giannini NP, Goldberg SL, Kraatz BP, Luo ZX, Meng J, Ni X, Novacek MJ, Perini FA, Randall ZS, Rougier GW, Sargis EJ, Silcox MT, Simmons NB, Spaulding M, Velazco PM, Weksler M, Wible JR, Cirranello AL | display-authors = 6 | title = The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals | journal = Science | volume = 339 | issue = 6120 | pages = 662–7 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23393258 | doi = 10.1126/science.1229237 | bibcode = 2013Sci...339..662O | hdl = 11336/7302 | s2cid = 206544776 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20130207">{{cite web |last=Wilford |first=John Noble | name-list-style = vanc |title=Rat-Size Ancestor Said to Link Man and Beast |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/08/science/common-ancestor-of-mammals-plucked-from-obscurity.html |date=7 February 2013 |work=[[New York Times]] |access-date=9 February 2013 }}</ref> Some recent studies place Scandentia as sister of the Glires, invalidating Euarchonta.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meredith RW, Janečka JE, Gatesy J, Ryder OA, Fisher CA, Teeling EC, Goodbla A, Eizirik E, Simão TL, Stadler T, Rabosky DL, Honeycutt RL, Flynn JJ, Ingram CM, Steiner C, Williams TL, Robinson TJ, Burk-Herrick A, Westerman M, Ayoub NA, Springer MS, Murphy WJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification | journal = Science | volume = 334 | issue = 6055 | pages = 521–4 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21940861 | doi = 10.1126/science.1211028 | bibcode = 2011Sci...334..521M | s2cid = 38120449 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhou X, Sun F, Xu S, Yang G, Li M | title = The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful | journal = Integrative Zoology | volume = 10 | issue = 2 | pages = 186–98 | date = March 2015 | pmid = 25311886 | doi = 10.1111/1749-4877.12116 }}</ref>


== Taxonomy ==
{{Clade
{{Clade
| style= font-size:85%; line-height:85%
| style= font-size:85%; line-height:85%
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| label1=&nbsp;[[Glires]]&nbsp;
| label1=&nbsp;[[Glires]]&nbsp;
| 1={{Clade
| 1={{Clade
| 1=&nbsp;[[Rodent]]ia[[File:Ruskea rotta.png|50 px]]
| 1=&nbsp;[[Lagomorpha]][[File:Lepus timidus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica -(white background).jpg|50 px]]
| 2=&nbsp;[[Lagomorpha]][[File:Lepus timidus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica -(white background).jpg|50 px]]}}
| 2=&nbsp;[[Rodent]]ia[[File:Ruskea rotta.png|50 px]]
}}

|label2=[[Euarchonta]]
|label2=[[Euarchonta]]
|2={{clade
|2={{clade
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}} }} }} }} }}}} }}
}} }} }} }} }}}} }}
{{Clear}}

== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}

Latest revision as of 08:19, 28 July 2024

"Pan-Primates" redirects here. For the genus, see Pan (genus).

Primatomorpha
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–Holocene, 66–0 Ma[1][2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Magnorder: Boreoeutheria
Superorder: Euarchontoglires
Grandorder: Euarchonta
Mirorder: Primatomorpha
Beard, 1991[3]
Orders

Primatomorpha is a proposed mirorder of mammals containing the orders Dermoptera (or colugos) and Primates. Primatomorpha is sister to Scandentia, together forming the Euarchonta.

The term "Primatomorpha" first appeared in the general scientific literature in 1991 (K.C. Beard) and 1992 (Kalandadze, Rautian). Major DNA sequence analyses of predominantly nuclear sequences (Murphy et al., 2001) support the Euarchonta hypothesis, while a major study investigating mitochondrial sequences supports a different tree topology (Arnason et al., 2002). A study investigating retrotransposon presence/absence data has claimed strong support for Euarchonta (Kriegs et al., 2007). Some interpretations of the molecular data link Primates and Dermoptera in a clade (mirorder) known as Primatomorpha, which is the sister of Scandentia. Primates probably split from the Dermoptera sister group 79.6 million years ago during the Cretaceous.[5][2]

Other interpretations link the Dermoptera and Scandentia together in a group called Sundatheria as the sister group of the primates.[6][7] Some recent studies place Scandentia as sister of the Glires, invalidating Euarchonta.[8][9]

Taxonomy

[edit]
Euarchontoglires 

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Primatomorpha". Paleobiology Database.
  2. ^ a b Zhang ML, Li ML, Ayoola AO, Murphy RW, Wu DD, Shao Y (November 2019). "Conserved sequences identify the closest living relatives of primates". Zoological Research. 40 (6): 532–540. doi:10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.057. PMC 6822925. PMID 31393097.
  3. ^ Collectif (1991). Coppens Y, Senut B (eds.). Origine(s) de la bipédie chez les hominidés. CNRS Éditions (réédition numérique FeniXX). ISBN 978-2-271-10666-7.
  4. ^ Wilson Mantilla, G. P.; Chester, S. G. B.; Clemens, W. A.; Moore, J. R.; Sprain, C. J.; Hovatter, B. T.; Mitchell, W. S.; Mans, W. W.; Mundil, R.; Renne, P. R. (2021). "Earliest Palaeocene purgatoriids and the initial radiation of stem primates". Royal Society Open Science. 8 (2): rsos.210050, 210050. Bibcode:2021RSOS....810050W. doi:10.1098/rsos.210050. PMC 8074693. PMID 33972886.
  5. ^ Esselstyn JA, Oliveros CH, Swanson MT, Faircloth BC (September 2017). "Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements". Genome Biology and Evolution. 9 (9): 2308–2321. doi:10.1093/gbe/evx168. PMC 5604124. PMID 28934378.
  6. ^ O'Leary MA, Bloch JI, Flynn JJ, Gaudin TJ, Giallombardo A, Giannini NP, et al. (February 2013). "The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals". Science. 339 (6120): 662–7. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..662O. doi:10.1126/science.1229237. hdl:11336/7302. PMID 23393258. S2CID 206544776.
  7. ^ Wilford JN (7 February 2013). "Rat-Size Ancestor Said to Link Man and Beast". New York Times. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  8. ^ Meredith RW, Janečka JE, Gatesy J, Ryder OA, Fisher CA, Teeling EC, et al. (October 2011). "Impacts of the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification". Science. 334 (6055): 521–4. Bibcode:2011Sci...334..521M. doi:10.1126/science.1211028. PMID 21940861. S2CID 38120449.
  9. ^ Zhou X, Sun F, Xu S, Yang G, Li M (March 2015). "The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful". Integrative Zoology. 10 (2): 186–98. doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12116. PMID 25311886.

Further reading

[edit]


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