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Detail of hair-sash being brocaded on a Jakaltek Maya backstrap loom.

Brocade (/broʊˈkeɪd/) is a class of richly decorative shuttle-woven fabrics, often made in coloured silks and sometimes with gold and silver threads.^[1] The name, related to the same root as the word "broccoli", comes from Italian broccato meaning "embossed cloth", originally past participle of the verb broccare "to stud, set with nails", from brocco, "small nail", from Latin broccus, "projecting, pointed".^[2]

Brocade is typically woven on a draw loom. It is a supplementary weft technique; that is, the ornamental brocading is produced by a supplementary, non-structural, weft in addition to the standard weft that holds the warp threads together. The purpose of this is to give the appearance that the weave was actually embroidered on.

In Guatemala, brocade is the most popular technique used to decorate fabric woven by Maya weavers on backstrap looms.

Ornamental features in brocade are emphasised and wrought as additions to the main fabric, sometimes stiffening it, though more frequently producing on its face the effect of low relief. In some, but not all, brocades, these additions present a distinctive appearance on the back of the material where the supplementary weft or floating threads of the brocaded or broached parts hang in loose groups or are clipped away.^[1] When the weft is floating on the back, this is known as a continuous brocade; the supplementary weft runs from selvage to selvage. The yarns are cut away in cutwork and broché. Also, a discontinuous brocade is where the supplementary yarn is only woven in the patterned areas. Artisans worked extremely hard to produce these spectacular works of art. It often took years to make them.

History

China

The manufacture of brocade began during the Warring States period of China.^[3] Many products of brocade have been found in tombs of the era.^[3]^[4] Several distinct styles of brocade have been developed in China, the most famous being Yunjin (Cloud brocade) of Nanjing, Song brocade of Suzhou, and Shu brocade of Chengdu.

Southeast Asia

Songket is a type of brocade in the Malay world (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei etc.)

Byzantium

Dating back to the Middle Ages, brocade fabric was one of the few luxury fabrics worn by nobility throughout China, India, Persia, Greece, Japan, Korea and Byzantium. Woven by the Byzantines, brocades were an especially desirable fabric. From the 4th to the 6th centuries, production of silk was seemingly non-existent, as linen and wool were the predominant fabrics. During this period, there was no public knowledge of silk fabric production except for that which was kept secret by the Chinese. Over the years, knowledge of silk production became known among other cultures and spread westward. As silk production became known to Western cultures, trade from the East began to decrease. It was discovered by Byzantine historians that in the 6th century a pair of monks brought the secret of sericulture – silk production – to the Byzantine emperor. As a result, Western cultures were able to learn how to breed, raise, and feed silkworms. From this point until the 9th century, Byzantium became the biggest and most central producer for all of the Western world in the production of all types of silk motifs, including brocades, damasks, brocatelles and tapestry-like fabrics.^[5]

During the Early Middle Ages, brocade fabrics were only available to the wealthiest of people as the Byzantine emperor charged extreme prices for the fabric. The designs woven into brocade fabrics were often Persian in origin. It was also common to see Christian subjects depicted in the complex weaves of the fabric. When these luxurious fabrics were made into clothing or wall hangings, they were at times adorned with precious and semiprecious stones, small medallions of enamel, embroidery and appliqués.^[5]

The Late Middle Ages

Wealthy noblemen and noblewomen dressed in silk brocades from Italy, and velvets trimmed with fur from Germany. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the Court of Burgundy was made known for their continuous fashionable tastes and luxurious dress.^[6]

Renaissance Italy

Brocades were also an important fabric during the Renaissance, and especially the Italian Renaissance. As wool and silk were the primary fabrics used by Europeans during the Renaissance, and despite the lack of documentary evidence, it is said^{[according to whom?]} that due to the increase in complexity of decoration of Italian silk fabrics of the 15th century, there must have been improvements in silk-weaving looms around this time.^{[original research?]} The complexity and high quality of luxurious silk fabrics caused Italy to become the most important and superior manufacturer of the finest silk fabrics for all of Europe.^{[citation needed]} The almost sculptural lines of the fashions during the Renaissance were paired perfectly with the exquisite beauty and elegance of brocade, damask, and other superior silk textiles.^[7]

Modern uses

Brocade fabrics are mostly for upholstery and draperies. They are also used for evening and formal clothing, for vestments, as well as for costumes. In India, Banarasi brocade is extensively used in decorating Banarasi saris, dresses, and dupattas. The use of precious and semi-precious stones in the adornment of brocades is not common, but has been replaced by the use of sequins and beading. Brocade fabrics are now largely woven on a Jacquard loom that is able to create many complex tapestry-like designs using the Jacquard technique. Although many brocade fabrics look like tapestries and are advertised in some fashion promotions as such, they are not to be confused with true tapestries. Patterns such as brocade, brocatelle, damask and tapestry-like fabrics are known as jacquard patterns.^[8]

Gallery

Silk brocade (detail), Boys riding goats. Ming dynasty, 15th/16th century.
Persian Silk Brocade. Brocade weaver: Seyyed Hossein Mozhgani, 1974, Ministry of Culture and Art, Iran.
Traditional Hajong brocade.
Isabelle De Strange, Brocade Costume, c. 1938, NGA 13643

References

^ ^a ^b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Brocade". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 620–622.
^ brocade: EtymologyOnline
^ ^a ^b Ye, Lang; Fei, Zhengang; Wang, Tianyou, eds. (2007). China: Five Thousand Years of History and Civilization. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press. p. 410. ISBN 978-962-937-140-1.
^ Sullivan, Michael (1999). The Arts of China (4th ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21876-0.
^ ^a ^b Tortora, Phyllis G. (2009). Survey of Historic Costume. New York: Fairchild Books. p. 110.
^ Tortora, Phyllis G. (2009). Survey of Historic Dress. New York: Fairchild Books. pp. 147–148.
^ Tortora, Phyllis G. (2009). Survey of Historic Dress. New York: Fairchild Books. pp. 183–184.
^ Collier, Billie J. (2009). Understanding Textiles. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 303.

External links

Quotations related to Brocade at Wikiquote
Media related to Brocade at Wikimedia Commons

[EB1911-1] One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Brocade". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 620–622.

[2] rocade: EtymologyOnline

[cgtyhc07-3] Ye, Lang; Fei, Zhengang; Wang, Tianyou, eds. (2007). China: Five Thousand Years of History and Civilization. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press. p. 410. ISBN 978-962-937-140-1.

[4] Sullivan, Michael (1999). The Arts of China (4th ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21876-0.

[Byzantium-5] Tortora, Phyllis G. (2009). Survey of Historic Costume. New York: Fairchild Books. p. 110.

[Late_Middle_Ages-6] Tortora, Phyllis G. (2009). Survey of Historic Dress. New York: Fairchild Books. pp. 147–148.

[Italy-7] Tortora, Phyllis G. (2009). Survey of Historic Dress. New York: Fairchild Books. pp. 183–184.

[Brocade-8] Collier, Billie J. (2009). Understanding Textiles. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 303.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Decorative shuttle-woven fabric}}
-{{short description|Textile produced by brocading; in general, any richly figured fabric, often incorporating metal thread}}
 {{other uses}}
 [[File:Paris - Cathédrale Notre-Dame - Trésor de la cathédrale - Ornements sacerdotaux -3.JPG|thumbnail|Cope and chasuble; Brocade of Lyon. 19th Century]]
-[[File:Brocart de soie français.jpg|right|thumb|Silk brocade fabric, [[Lyon, France]], 1760-1770.]]
+[[File:Brocart de soie français.jpg|right|thumb|Silk brocade fabric, [[Lyon, France]], 1760–1770.]]
 [[File:JacaltecBrocade.jpg|thumb|Detail of hair-sash being brocaded on a [[Jakaltek people|Jakaltek]] [[Maya peoples|Maya]] backstrap [[loom]].|upright]]
 [[File:Brocade loom.jpg|thumb|Large [[Yunjin]] brocade loom, [[Nanjing]], China, 2010]]
-'''Brocade''' is a class of richly decorative [[shuttle (weaving)|shuttle-woven]] [[fabric]]s, often made in colored [[silk]]s and with or without [[gold]] and [[silver]] threads.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Brocade|volume=4|pages=620-622}}</ref> The name, related to the same root as the word "[[broccoli]]", comes from [[Italian language|Italian]] ''broccato'' meaning "embossed cloth", originally [[past participle]] of the [[verb]] ''broccare'' "to stud, set with nails", from ''brocco'', "small nail", from [[Latin]] ''broccus'', "projecting, pointed".<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=brocade brocade: EtymologyOnline]</ref>
+'''Brocade''' ({{IPAc-en|b|r|oʊ|ˈ|k|eɪ|d}}) is a class of richly decorative [[shuttle (weaving)|shuttle-woven]] [[fabric]]s, often made in coloured [[silk]]s and sometimes with [[gold]] and [[silver]] threads.<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=1|wstitle=Brocade|volume=4|pages=620-622}}</ref> The name, related to the same root as the word "[[broccoli]]", comes from [[Italian language|Italian]] ''broccato'' meaning "embossed cloth", originally [[past participle]] of the [[verb]] ''broccare'' "to stud, set with nails", from ''brocco'', "small nail", from [[Latin]] ''broccus'', "projecting, pointed".<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=brocade brocade: EtymologyOnline]</ref>
 Brocade is typically woven on a draw [[loom]]. It is a supplementary [[weft]] technique; that is, the ornamental brocading is produced by a supplementary, non-structural, weft in addition to the standard weft that holds the [[Warp (weaving)|warp]] threads together. The purpose of this is to give the appearance that the weave was actually embroidered on.
@@ Line 13: / Line 12: @@
 In [[Guatemala]], brocade is the most popular technique used to decorate fabric woven by [[Maya peoples|Maya]] weavers on [[backstrap loom]]s.
-Ornamental features in brocade are emphasized and wrought as additions to the main fabric, sometimes stiffening it, though more frequently producing on its face the effect of low relief. In some, but not all, brocades, these additions present a distinctive appearance on the back of the material where the supplementary weft or floating threads of the brocaded or broached parts hang in loose groups or are clipped away.<ref name=EB1911/> When the weft is floating on the back, this is known as a continuous brocade; the supplementary weft runs from [[selvage]] to selvage. The yarns are cut away in [[cutwork]] and broché. Also, a discontinuous brocade is where the supplementary yarn is only woven in the patterned areas.
+Ornamental features in brocade are emphasised and wrought as additions to the main fabric, sometimes stiffening it, though more frequently producing on its face the effect of low relief. In some, but not all, brocades, these additions present a distinctive appearance on the back of the material where the supplementary weft or floating threads of the brocaded or broached parts hang in loose groups or are clipped away.<ref name=EB1911/> When the weft is floating on the back, this is known as a continuous brocade; the supplementary weft runs from [[selvage]] to selvage. The yarns are cut away in [[cutwork]] and broché. Also, a discontinuous brocade is where the supplementary yarn is only woven in the patterned areas. Artisans worked extremely hard to produce these spectacular works of art. It often took years to make them.
 == History ==
 ===China===
-The manufacture of brocade began during the [[Warring States period]] of China.<ref name=cgtyhc07>{{cite book|editor1-last=Ye|editor1-first=Lang|editor2-last=Fei|editor2-first=Zhengang|editor3-last=Wang|editor3-first=Tianyou|title=China: Five Thousand Years of History and Civilization|date=2007|publisher=City University of Hong Kong Press|location=Hong Kong|isbn=978-962-937-140-1|page=410}}</ref> Many products of brocade have been found in tombs of the era.<ref name=cgtyhc07/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sullivan|first1=Michael|title=The Arts of China|date=1999|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-520-21876-0|edition=4th}}</ref> Several distinct styles of brocade have been developed in China, the most famous being [[Yunjin]] (Cloud brocade) of [[Nanjing]], Song brocade of [[Suzhou]], and Shu brocade of [[Chengdu]].
+The manufacture of brocade began during the [[Warring States period]] of China.<ref name=cgtyhc07>{{cite book|editor1-last=Ye|editor1-first=Lang|editor2-last=Fei|editor2-first=Zhengang|editor3-last=Wang|editor3-first=Tianyou|title=China: Five Thousand Years of History and Civilization|date=2007|publisher=City University of Hong Kong Press|location=Hong Kong|isbn=978-962-937-140-1|page=410}}</ref> Many products of brocade have been found in tombs of the era.<ref name=cgtyhc07/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Sullivan|first1=Michael|title=The Arts of China|date=1999|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=0-520-21876-0|edition=4th}}</ref> Several distinct styles of brocade have been developed in China, the most famous being [[Yunjin]] (Cloud brocade) of [[Nanjing]], Song brocade of [[Suzhou]], and [[Sichuan embroidery|Shu brocade]] of [[Chengdu]].
 ===Southeast Asia===
-[[Songket]] is a type of brocade in the [[Malay world|Malay]] world.
+[[Songket]] is a type of brocade in the [[Malay world|Malay]] world (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei etc.)
 === Byzantium ===
-Dating back to the [[Middle Ages]], brocade fabric was one of the few luxury fabrics worn by nobility throughout [[China]], [[India]], [[Persia]], [[Greece]], [[Japan]], [[Korea]] and [[Byzantium]]. Woven by the Byzantines, brocades were an especially desirable fabric. From the 4th to the 6th centuries, production of [[silk]] was seemingly non-existent, as [[linen]] and [[wool]] were the predominant fabrics. During this period, there was no public knowledge of silk fabric production except for that which was kept secret by the Chinese. Over the years, knowledge of silk production became known among other cultures and spread westward. As silk production became known to Western cultures, trade from the East began to decrease. It was discovered by Byzantine historians that in the 6th century a pair of monks brought the secret of [[sericulture]] – silk production – to the Byzantine emperor. As a result, Western cultures were able to learn how to breed, raise, and feed [[silkworm]]s. From this point until the 9th century, Byzantium became the biggest and most central producer for all of the Western world in the production of all types of silk motifs, including brocades, [[damask]]s, [[Brocatelle|brocatelles]] and tapestry-like fabrics.<ref name=Byzantium>{{cite book|last=Tortora|first=Phyllis G.|title=Survey of Historic Costume|year=2009|publisher=Fairchild Books|location=New York|pages=110}}</ref>
+Dating back to the [[Middle Ages]], brocade fabric was one of the few luxury fabrics worn by nobility throughout [[China]], [[India]], [[Persia]], [[Greece]], [[Japan]], [[Korea]] and [[Byzantium]]. Woven by the Byzantines, brocades were an especially desirable fabric. From the 4th to the 6th centuries, production of [[silk]] was seemingly non-existent, as [[linen]] and [[wool]] were the predominant fabrics. During this period, there was no public knowledge of silk fabric production except for that which was kept secret by the Chinese. Over the years, knowledge of silk production became known among other cultures and spread westward. As silk production became known to Western cultures, trade from the East began to decrease. It was discovered by Byzantine historians that in the 6th century a pair of monks brought the secret of [[sericulture]] – silk production – to the Byzantine emperor. As a result, Western cultures were able to learn how to breed, raise, and feed [[silkworm]]s. From this point until the 9th century, Byzantium became the biggest and most central producer for all of the Western world in the production of all types of silk motifs, including brocades, [[damask]]s, [[brocatelle]]s and tapestry-like fabrics.<ref name=Byzantium>{{cite book|last=Tortora|first=Phyllis G.|title=Survey of Historic Costume|year=2009|publisher=Fairchild Books|location=New York|pages=110}}</ref>
 During the [[Early Middle Ages]], brocade fabrics were only available to the wealthiest of people as the [[Byzantine emperor]] charged extreme prices for the fabric. The designs woven into brocade fabrics were often [[Persia]]n in origin. It was also common to see Christian subjects depicted in the complex weaves of the fabric. When these luxurious fabrics were made into clothing or wall hangings, they were at times adorned with precious and semiprecious stones, small medallions of [[enamel paint|enamel]], [[embroidery]] and [[appliqué]]s.<ref name=Byzantium />
 === The Late Middle Ages ===
-The life of a noble{{where?|date=December 2013}} during the [[Late Middle Ages]] was filled with entertainment: riding and hunting, music and dancing, and feasting. All of these activities became a stage for the display of fashion. Wealthy noblemen and noblewomen dressed in silk brocades from Italy, and [[velvet]]s trimmed with fur from [[Germany]]. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the Court of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] was made known for their continuous fashionable tastes and luxurious dress.<ref name="Late Middle Ages">{{cite book|last=Tortora|first=Phyllis G.|title=Survey of Historic Dress|year=2009|publisher=Fairchild Books|location=New York|pages=147–148}}</ref>
+Wealthy noblemen and noblewomen dressed in silk brocades from Italy, and [[velvet]]s trimmed with fur from [[Germany]]. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the Court of [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] was made known for their continuous fashionable tastes and luxurious dress.<ref name="Late Middle Ages">{{cite book|last=Tortora|first=Phyllis G.|title=Survey of Historic Dress|year=2009|publisher=Fairchild Books|location=New York|pages=147–148}}</ref>
 === Renaissance Italy ===
+{{refimprove section|date=May 2024}}
 [[File:Giovanni Bellini - Portrait of Giovanni Emo - National Gallery of Art, Washington.jpg|thumb|upright|''The [[Condottiero|condotier]]'' by Italian Renaissance painter [[Giovanni Bellini]]]]
-Brocades were also an important fabric during the [[Renaissance]], and especially the [[Italian Renaissance]]. As wool and silk were the primary fabrics used by Europeans during the Renaissance, and despite the lack of documentary evidence, it is said that due to the increase in complexity of decoration of Italian silk fabrics of the 15th century, there must have been improvements in silk-weaving looms around this time. The complexity and high quality of luxurious silk fabrics caused Italy to become the most important and superior manufacturer of the finest silk fabrics for all of Europe. The almost sculptural lines of the fashions during the Renaissance were paired perfectly with the exquisite beauty and elegance of brocade, damask, and other superior silk textiles.<ref name=Italy>{{cite book|last=Tortora|first=Phyllis G.|title=Survey of Historic Dress|year=2009|publisher=Fairchild Books|location=New York|pages=183–184}}</ref>
+Brocades were also an important fabric during the [[Renaissance]], and especially the [[Italian Renaissance]]. As wool and silk were the primary fabrics used by Europeans during the Renaissance, and despite the lack of documentary evidence, it is said{{whom|date=May 2024}} that due to the increase in complexity of decoration of Italian silk fabrics of the 15th century, there must have been improvements in silk-weaving looms around this time.{{or|date=May 2024}} The complexity and high quality of luxurious silk fabrics caused Italy to become the most important and superior manufacturer of the finest silk fabrics for all of Europe.{{fact|date=May 2024}} The almost sculptural lines of the fashions during the Renaissance were paired perfectly with the exquisite beauty and elegance of brocade, damask, and other superior silk textiles.<ref name=Italy>{{cite book|last=Tortora|first=Phyllis G.|title=Survey of Historic Dress|year=2009|publisher=Fairchild Books|location=New York|pages=183–184}}</ref>
-The motifs remained Chinese, [[India]]n and Persian in origin and were a reflection of the trading between the Far East and Italy. It is said that some [[Renaissance art|Renaissance painters]] designed and sketched textile designs for fabrics production as well as incorporation into their paintings.<ref name=Italy />
 == Modern uses ==
-Brocade fabrics are mostly for [[upholstery]] and [[Drapery|draperies]]. They are also used for evening and formal clothing, for [[vestment]]s, as well as for costumes. In India, Banarasi Brocade Fabrics are extensively used for women fashion in form of Sarees, Dress Materials and Dupattas. The use of precious and semiprecious stones in the adornment of brocades is not common but has been replaced with the use of [[sequin]]s and [[Beadwork|beading]] as decoration. Brocade fabrics are now largely woven on a [[Jacquard loom]] that is able to create many complex tapestry-like designs using the [[Jacquard weaving|jacquard technique]]. Although many brocade fabrics look like tapestries and are advertised by some fashion promotions as such, they are not to be confused with true [[tapestries]]. Patterns such as brocade, brocatelle, damask and tapestry-like fabrics are known as jacquard patterns.<ref name=Brocade>{{cite book|last=Collier|first=Billie J.|title=Understanding Textiles|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|location=Upper Saddle River, N.J.|pages=303}}</ref>
+Brocade fabrics are mostly for [[upholstery]] and [[Drapery|draperies]]. They are also used for evening and formal clothing, for [[vestment]]s, as well as for costumes. In India, Banarasi brocade is extensively used in decorating [[Banarasi sari|Banarasi saris]], dresses, and [[dupatta|dupattas]]. The use of precious and semi-precious stones in the adornment of brocades is not common, but has been replaced by the use of [[sequin]]s and [[Beadwork|beading]]. Brocade fabrics are now largely woven on a [[Jacquard loom]] that is able to create many complex tapestry-like designs using the [[Jacquard weaving|Jacquard technique]]. Although many brocade fabrics look like tapestries and are advertised in some fashion promotions as such, they are not to be confused with true [[tapestries]]. Patterns such as brocade, brocatelle, damask and tapestry-like fabrics are known as jacquard patterns.<ref name=Brocade>{{cite book|last=Collier|first=Billie J.|title=Understanding Textiles|year=2009|publisher=Pearson Prentice Hall|location=Upper Saddle River, N.J.|pages=303}}</ref>
-{{clear}}
 ==Gallery==
-<gallery widths="250px" heights="220px">
+<gallery widths="220px" heights="220px">
 File:Boys riding goats, 15th-16th C.jpg|Silk brocade (detail), Boys riding goats. [[Ming dynasty]], 15th/16th century.
 File:Persian Silk Brocade - Shah Abbasi Flower - Seyyed Hossein Mozhgani - 1974.jpg|Persian Silk Brocade. Brocade weaver: Seyyed Hossein Mozhgani, 1974, Ministry of Culture and Art, Iran.
@@ Line 50: / Line 47: @@
 == See also ==
 * [[Acca cloth]]
-*[[Brocatelle]]
-*[[Embroidery]]
 * [[Banarasi sari]]
+* [[Brocatelle]]
+* [[Embroidery]]
 * [[Meera Mehta]]
 * [[Songket]]
@@ Line 61: / Line 58: @@
 ==Further reading==
+* Brocade paper (fragment), originally belonging to a sample book of J. M. Munck, Augsburg, 1751, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070423170649/http://libraries.theeuropeanlibrary.org/Netherlands/treasures_en.xml treasure 5], National Library of The Netherlands
-{{Wikiquote}}
+* Marypaul Yates. ''Fabrics: A Guide for Interior Designers and Architects''. W. W. Norton & Co. {{ISBN|978-0393730623}}.
-{{Commons category|Brocade}}
+* Ventura, Carol. ''Maya Hair Sashes Backstrap Woven in Jacaltenango, Guatemala; Cintas Mayas tejidas con el telar de cintura en Jacaltenango, Guatemala'' {{In lang|en|es}}, 2003. {{ISBN|0-9721253-1-0}}.
-{{EB1911 poster|Brocade}}
-* Brocade paper (fragment), originally belonging to a sample book of J.M. Munck, Augsburg 1751 [https://web.archive.org/web/20070423170649/http://libraries.theeuropeanlibrary.org/Netherlands/treasures_en.xml treasure 5] National Library of The Netherlands
-* Marypaul Yates. ''Fabrics A Guide for Interior Designers and Architects''. W. W. Norton & Co.
-* Ventura, Carol. Maya Hair Sashes Backstrap Woven in Jacaltenango, Guatemala, Cintas Mayas tejidas con el telar de cintura en Jacaltenango, Guatemala, 2003. {{ISBN|0-9721253-1-0}}.
+== External links ==
-{{fabric}}
+* {{Wikiquote inline}}
+* {{Commons category inline|Brocade}}
+{{Fabric}}
 {{Authority control}}
 [[Category:Figured fabrics]]