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{{short description|Princely state during the British Raj}}
{{short description|Princely state in India during the British Raj}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name = ખંભાત
| native_name = Khambhat State
|conventional_long_name =Cambay State
| conventional_long_name = Cambay State
|common_name =Cambay
| common_name =
|nation = [[Mughal India]] <br> [[British Raj]]
| nation = [[British Raj]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
| subdivision = [[Vassal state]] of [[Maratha Confederacy]] (1757 - 1803)<br>[[Princely State]]
|era =
| era =
|year_start = 1730
| year_start = 1730
|date_start =
| date_start =
|event_start=
| event_start =
|year_end = 1948
| year_end = 1948
|date_end =
| date_end =
|event_end= [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]
| event_end = [[Partition of India|Indian independence]]
|event1 =
| event1 =
|date_event1 =
| date_event1 =
|p1 =Mughal Empire
| p1 = Mughal Empire
|s1 = India
| s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
| flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
| flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag = Cambayflag.png
| image_flag = Cambayflag.png
|image_coat = Cambay State Achievement.jpg
| image_coat = Cambay State Achievement.jpg
|image_map = Kaira Agency Cambay State in Gujarat during British India.svg
| image_map = Kaira Agency Cambay State in Gujarat during British India.svg
|image_map_caption = Cambay State in modern state of [[Geography of Gujarat|Gujarat]]
| image_map_caption = Cambay State in modern state of [[Geography of Gujarat|Gujarat]]
|motto = ''"Dar Babi Farhat"'' <br>(This is the Gate of Joy).
| motto = "''Dar Babi Farhat''{{-"}}<br>("This Is the Gate of Joy")
|stat_area1 =906
| stat_area1 = 906
|stat_year1 = 1901
| stat_year1 = 1901
|stat_pop1 = 75,122
| stat_pop1 = 75,122
|footnotes = {{EB1911|wstitle=Cambay}}
| footnotes = {{EB1911|wstitle=Cambay}}
| capital = [[Khambhat]]
}}
}}

[[File:Cambay Gujarat 1896.jpg|thumb|Map of Cambay State|338x338px]]
[[File:Cambay Gujarat 1896.jpg|thumb|Map of Cambay State|338x338px]]
[[File:Cambaynavab.jpg|thumb|Mu´min Khan, Nawab of Cambay.]]
[[File:Cambaynavab.jpg|thumb|Mu´min Khan, Nawab of Cambay.]]

'''Cambay''', '''Kambay''' or '''Khambhat''', was a [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]].
The City of [[Khambat]] (Cambay) in present-day [[Gujarat]] was its capital. The state was bounded in the north by the [[Kaira district]] and in the south by the [[Gulf of Cambay]].
'''Khambhat state''' or '''Cambay state''' was a [[princely state]] in India during the [[British Raj]]. The city of [[Khambhat]] in present-day [[Gujarat]] was its capital. The state was bounded in the north by the [[Kaira district]] and in the south by the [[Gulf of Khambhat]].


Cambay was the only state in the '''Kaira Agency''' of the Gujarat division of the [[Bombay Presidency]], which merged into the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]] in 1937.
Cambay was the only state in the '''Kaira Agency''' of the Gujarat division of the [[Bombay Presidency]], which merged into the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]] in 1937.


==History==
==History==
Cambay was founded as a state in 1730 by the penultimate [[Nawab]] of the [[Mughal Empire]], Mirza Ja‘far Mu’min Khan I, the last of the Mughal governors of Gujarat, at the time of the dismemberment of Mughal rule in India. In 1742 Mirza Ja‘far Mu’min Khan I defeated his brother-in-law Nizam Khan, governor of Khambhat, and established himself in his place.
Maharaja of [[Parmar (Rajput clan)|Parmar]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]] had established the '''State of Cambay'''. Cambay was invaded in 1730 by the penultimate Mughal governor of Gujarat, Mirza Ja‘far Mu’min Khan I, the last of the Mughal governors of Gujarat, at the time of the dismemberment of Mughal rule in India. In 1742 Mirza Ja‘far Mu’min Khan I defeated his brother-in-law Nizam Khan, governor of Khambhat, and established himself in his place.


===Maratha Rule===
⚫
In 1780 Cambay was taken by the [[British Army]], led by General Goddard Richards, but it was restored to the [[Maratha]]s in 1783. Finally it was ceded to the British by the [[Peshwa]] after the [[Treaty of Bassein (1802)|Treaty of Bassein]] in 1803.<ref>Great Britain India Office. ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.</ref> Cambay became a [[British protectorate]] in 1817. The state was provided with a railway in 1901.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html#Kambay Princely States of India]</ref> Cambay's last ruler signed the accession to the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 10{{nbsp}}June 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/cambay.html |title=Cambay State – Princely State (11 gun salute) |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717075222/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/cambay.html |archive-date=17 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
After taking possession of the town in April 1753, Raghunathrao advanced to Sorath and, upon his return, extracted a substantial tribute from the Nawab of Cambay. Leaving a deputy in Ahmedabad, Raghunathrao's forces marched against the same chief in 1754 but were unable to collect any tribute on this occasion. As the Nawab had strengthened his position and expanded his territories, the Peshwa's deputy led a second campaign against him, only to be defeated and taken prisoner. Despite securing the deputy's release, the Peshwa's representative continued to press for tribute arrears, ultimately securing a future payment agreement before retreating to the Deccan. Seizing this opportunity, the Nawab fortified his army and captured Ahmedabad from the Maratha garrison. However, by April 1757, Damaji and Khande Rao Gaikwad, along with the Peshwa's agent Sadashiv, besieged the city, compelling the Nawab to surrender after ratifying his proposed conditions. Sayajirao, Damaji's son, was stationed in Ahmedabad, while Sadashiv appointed a deputy and moved to Surat. Following the partition treaty of 1751, Sayaji joined Sadashiv to allocate the tribute shares. In the subsequent year, Maratha troops aided the Raja of Cutch in an expedition against Tatta in Sind. Sadashiv lent the Nawab of Cambay money on behalf of the Peshwa to settle army pay arrears. However, a year later, the Maratha army demanded two years' arrears of tribute, totaling Rs. 20,000, which the Nawab managed to pay, prompting the Marathas to move southwards.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bainers J.a |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.71708 |title=History Of Gujrat Maratha Period 1757-1817 |page=14|date=1870}}</ref>

⚫
In 1780, Cambay was taken by the [[British Army]], led by General Goddard Richards, but it was restored to the [[Maratha]]s in 1783. Finally it was ceded to the British by the [[Peshwa]] after the [[Treaty of Bassein (1802)|Treaty of Bassein]] in 1803.<ref>Great Britain India Office. ''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.</ref> Cambay became a [[British protectorate]] in 1817. The state was provided with a railway in 1901.<ref>[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_K-W.html#Kambay Princely States of India]</ref> Cambay's last ruler signed the accession to the [[Dominion of India|Indian Union]] on 10{{nbsp}}June 1948.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/cambay.html |title=Cambay State – Princely State (11 gun salute) |access-date=28 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717075222/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/cambay.html |archive-date=17 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


=== Hub of mercantile activity ===
=== Hub of mercantile activity ===
The traders and the merchants reached here from across the world. Cambay was known for its cotton and silk cloths. Cambay was one of India's most active [[trade]] center since the 14th century (Source: [[Ibn Battuta]]). After 200 years, [[Duarte Barbosa]] described Cambay as an important commercial center with [[Mughal carpets|carpets]], and other textile goods in Mughal established [[Mughal Karkhanas|industries]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walker|first=Daniel|url=http://archive.org/details/FlowersUnderfootIndianCarpetsoftheMughalEra00|title=Flowers Underfoot: Indian Carpets of the Mughal Era|date=1997|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=5|language=English}}</ref>
The traders and the merchants reached here from across the world. Cambay was known for its cotton and silk cloths. Cambay was one of India's most active [[trade]] center since the 14th century (Source: [[Ibn Battuta]]). After 200 years, [[Duarte Barbosa]] described Cambay as an important commercial center with [[Mughal carpets|carpets]], and other textile goods in Mughal established [[Mughal Karkhanas|industries]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Walker|first=Daniel|url=http://archive.org/details/FlowersUnderfootIndianCarpetsoftheMughalEra00|title=Flowers Underfoot: Indian Carpets of the Mughal Era|date=1997|publisher=|isbn=|location=|pages=5|language=English}}</ref>


===Rulers===
===Rulers===
Line 52: Line 55:


====Nawabs====
====Nawabs====
*1730 – 1742 Mirza Jaffar Mumin Khan I, last Muslim Governor of Gujarat
*1730 – 1742 Mirza Jaffar Mumin Khan I, penultimate Mughal governor of Gujarat
*1742 – 1743 Nur-ud-din Muftakher Khan
*1742 – 1743 Nur-ud-din Muftakher Khan
*1743 – 1784 Najm ad-Dawla Ja`far Mu´min Khan II
*1743 – 1784 Najm ad-Dawla Ja`far Mu´min Khan II
Line 76: Line 79:
*HH Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab Mirza HUSAIN YAWAR KHAN II Bahadur 1915/- , born 16 May 1911, educated at Rajkumar College, Rajkot; married January 1936, Nawabzadi Safia Sultan Qizilbash, daughter of Nawab Sir Fateh Ali Khan Qizilbash of Lahore (see Nawabganj), and had issue.
*HH Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab Mirza HUSAIN YAWAR KHAN II Bahadur 1915/- , born 16 May 1911, educated at Rajkumar College, Rajkot; married January 1936, Nawabzadi Safia Sultan Qizilbash, daughter of Nawab Sir Fateh Ali Khan Qizilbash of Lahore (see Nawabganj), and had issue.
*HH Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab Mirza MUHAMMED JA'AFAR ALI KHAN
*HH Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab Mirza MUHAMMED JA'AFAR ALI KHAN

== List of rulers ==

=== Rulers ===
The rulers were titled '[[Maharaja]]'. They had the right to an 11 gun [[Salute state|salute]].

Cambay State Council with S Parmar have been entrusted with the erstwhile princely state of Cambay.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 96: Line 106:
[[Category:Gulf of Khambhat]]
[[Category:Gulf of Khambhat]]
[[Category:Bombay Presidency]]
[[Category:Bombay Presidency]]
[[Category:1730 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Gun salute princely states]]

Revision as of 16:06, 25 July 2024

Cambay State
Khambhat State
Vassal state of Maratha Confederacy (1757 - 1803)
Princely State of British Raj
1730–1948
Flag of
Flag
Coat of arms of
Coat of arms

Cambay State in modern state of Gujarat
CapitalKhambhat
Area 
• 1901
906 km2 (350 sq mi)
Population 
• 1901
75,122
Government
 • Motto"Dar Babi Farhat"
("This Is the Gate of Joy")
History 
• Established
1730
1948
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Mughal Empire
India
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Cambay". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Map of Cambay State
Mu´min Khan, Nawab of Cambay.

Khambhat state or Cambay state was a princely state in India during the British Raj. The city of Khambhat in present-day Gujarat was its capital. The state was bounded in the north by the Kaira district and in the south by the Gulf of Khambhat.

Cambay was the only state in the Kaira Agency of the Gujarat division of the Bombay Presidency, which merged into the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency in 1937.

History

Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs had established the State of Cambay. Cambay was invaded in 1730 by the penultimate Mughal governor of Gujarat, Mirza Ja‘far Mu’min Khan I, the last of the Mughal governors of Gujarat, at the time of the dismemberment of Mughal rule in India. In 1742 Mirza Ja‘far Mu’min Khan I defeated his brother-in-law Nizam Khan, governor of Khambhat, and established himself in his place.

Maratha Rule

After taking possession of the town in April 1753, Raghunathrao advanced to Sorath and, upon his return, extracted a substantial tribute from the Nawab of Cambay. Leaving a deputy in Ahmedabad, Raghunathrao's forces marched against the same chief in 1754 but were unable to collect any tribute on this occasion. As the Nawab had strengthened his position and expanded his territories, the Peshwa's deputy led a second campaign against him, only to be defeated and taken prisoner. Despite securing the deputy's release, the Peshwa's representative continued to press for tribute arrears, ultimately securing a future payment agreement before retreating to the Deccan. Seizing this opportunity, the Nawab fortified his army and captured Ahmedabad from the Maratha garrison. However, by April 1757, Damaji and Khande Rao Gaikwad, along with the Peshwa's agent Sadashiv, besieged the city, compelling the Nawab to surrender after ratifying his proposed conditions. Sayajirao, Damaji's son, was stationed in Ahmedabad, while Sadashiv appointed a deputy and moved to Surat. Following the partition treaty of 1751, Sayaji joined Sadashiv to allocate the tribute shares. In the subsequent year, Maratha troops aided the Raja of Cutch in an expedition against Tatta in Sind. Sadashiv lent the Nawab of Cambay money on behalf of the Peshwa to settle army pay arrears. However, a year later, the Maratha army demanded two years' arrears of tribute, totaling Rs. 20,000, which the Nawab managed to pay, prompting the Marathas to move southwards.[1]

In 1780, Cambay was taken by the British Army, led by General Goddard Richards, but it was restored to the Marathas in 1783. Finally it was ceded to the British by the Peshwa after the Treaty of Bassein in 1803.[2] Cambay became a British protectorate in 1817. The state was provided with a railway in 1901.[3] Cambay's last ruler signed the accession to the Indian Union on 10 June 1948.[4]

Hub of mercantile activity

The traders and the merchants reached here from across the world. Cambay was known for its cotton and silk cloths. Cambay was one of India's most active trade center since the 14th century (Source: Ibn Battuta). After 200 years, Duarte Barbosa described Cambay as an important commercial center with carpets, and other textile goods in Mughal established industries.[5]

Rulers

See also: List of Shia Muslim dynasties § India

The rulers of the state bore the title of 'Nawab' and had the privilege of an 11-gun salute.[6]

Nawabs

  • 1730 – 1742 Mirza Jaffar Mumin Khan I, penultimate Mughal governor of Gujarat
  • 1742 – 1743 Nur-ud-din Muftakher Khan
  • 1743 – 1784 Najm ad-Dawla Ja`far Mu´min Khan II
  • 1784 – 1790 Mohammad Qoli Khan (d. 1790)
  • 1790 – 28 October 1823 Fath `Ali Khan (d. 1823)
  • 1823 – 15 March 1841 Banda `Ali Khan (d. 1841)
  • 1841 – Apr 1880 Husayn Yawar Khan I (d. 1880)
  • 11 Jun 1880 – 21 January 1915 Najib ad-Dawla Mumtaz al-Molk Ja`far `Ali Khan (b. 1848 – d. 1915)
  • 21 Jan 1915 – 1930 .... -Regent
  • 21 Jan 1915 – 15 Aug 1947/10 June 1948 Nizam ad-Dawla Najm ad-Dawla Mumtaz al-Molk Husayn Yawar Khan II (b. 1911 – d. ....)

[7][8]

List of Nawabs of Cambay state

  • Mirza JA'AFAR MU'MIN KHAN I 1730/1742, last Muslim Governor of Gujarat
  • Nawab NURADDIN MUFTAKHAR KHAN 1742/1743
  • Nawab JA'AFAR MU'MIN KHAN II 1743/1784
  • Nawab MUHAMMED QULI KHAN 1784/1790, son of Najam Khan (poisoned 1748), married and had issue. He died 1790.
  • Nawab FATH ALI KHAN (qv)
  • Nawab FATH ALI KHAN 1790/1823, eldest of three sons, he received the title Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung, and the rank of a commander of six thousand as Nawab of Cambay.
  • Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab BANDA ALI KHAN 1823/1841
  • Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab HUSAIN YAWAR KHAN I 1841/1880
  • Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab JA'AFAR ALI KHAN Bahadur 1880/1915, born 1848, succeeded 11 June 1880 (#1), married 1stly, 1876, Bibi Gauhar Khanum Saheb, married 2ndly, 1882, Bibi Khurshid Jahan Begum. He died 21 January 1915.
  • HH Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab Mirza HUSAIN YAWAR KHAN II Bahadur 1915/- , born 16 May 1911, educated at Rajkumar College, Rajkot; married January 1936, Nawabzadi Safia Sultan Qizilbash, daughter of Nawab Sir Fateh Ali Khan Qizilbash of Lahore (see Nawabganj), and had issue.
  • HH Najum-ud-Daulah Mumtaz-ul-Mulk Momin Khan Bahadur Dilawar Jung Nawab Mirza MUHAMMED JA'AFAR ALI KHAN

List of rulers

Rulers

The rulers were titled 'Maharaja'. They had the right to an 11 gun salute.

Cambay State Council with S Parmar have been entrusted with the erstwhile princely state of Cambay.

See also

References

  1. ^ Bainers J.a (1870). History Of Gujrat Maratha Period 1757-1817. p. 14.
  2. ^ Great Britain India Office. The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908.
  3. ^ Princely States of India
  4. ^ "Cambay State – Princely State (11 gun salute)". Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
  5. ^ Walker, Daniel (1997). Flowers Underfoot: Indian Carpets of the Mughal Era. p. 5.
  6. ^ G. B. Malleson, An historical sketch of the native states of India. London 1875. Reprint Delhi 1984
  7. ^ Cahoon, Ben. "Indian Princely States K-Z". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
  8. ^ "Indian states before 1947 K-W". www.rulers.org. Retrieved 25 August 2019.

22°18′N 72°37′E / 22.3°N 72.62°E / 22.3; 72.62

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