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{{short description|American politician}}
{{use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Josiah Taft
| name = Josiah Taft
Line 7: Line 9:
| birth_date = {{birth date|1709|4|02}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1709|4|02}}
| birth_place = [[Mendon, Massachusetts]]
| birth_place = [[Mendon, Massachusetts]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1756|9|30|1709|4|02}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1756|9|29|1709|4|02}}{{efn||name="death date"}}
| death_place = [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts]]
| death_place = [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts]]
| known_for =
| known_for = Role leading to his wife [[Lydia Taft]] becoming the first women to vote in America
| spouse = [[Lydia Taft]]{{efn|Both Josiah's mother, the daughter of Captain Josiah Chapin,{{sfn|Crane vol. 2|1907|p=304}} and his wife, the daughter of Seth and Bethia Chapin,{{sfn|Crane vol. 1|1907|pp= 223, 347}}<ref>{{citation|title=Lydiah Chapin, born February 2, 1711, to Seth and Bethiah Chapin, Mendon | work=Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records | location= Provo, Utah | publisher=Holbrook Research Institute |via=ancestry.com}}</ref> were Lydia Chapin before their marriages.|name="Lydia"}}
| spouse = [[Lydia Taft]]
| parents = Daniel and Lidia Taft
| parents = Daniel and Lydia Taft{{efn||name="Lydia"}}
| children = [[Bazaleel Taft, Sr.]] and six other children
| children = [[Bazaleel Taft Sr.]] and seven other children
}}
}}
'''Josiah Taft''' (April 2, 1709 – September 30, 1756) was a wealthy landowner in [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts]] best known as the husband of [[Lydia Taft]], the first women to vote in America.
'''Josiah Taft''' (April 2, 1709 – September 29, 1756) was a wealthy landowner and legislator in [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts]]. He performed several roles within the community and served with the Uxbridge Militia. Attaining the rank of captain, he fought during the [[French and Indian Wars]]. Upon Taft's death, his wife [[Lydia Taft]] became the wealthiest person in Uxbridge and under the premise of "no taxation without representation" was the first woman to vote in America.


==Early life==
==Early life==
Josiah was born on April 2, 1709, at [[Mendon, Massachusetts]], the son of Daniel and Lidia (Chapin) Taft,<ref name="findagrave">{{cite web |title=Capt Josiah Taft |url=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/120551453/josiah-taft |website=Find a grave |access-date=22 August 2020}}</ref> and the grandson of the first American Taft, [[Robert Taft, Sr]]. Josiah's father Daniel, had been a local "squire" and Justice of the Peace. Josiah grew up in the western part of Mendon which became the incorporated town of [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts|Uxbridge]] in 1727.
Josiah was born on April 2, 1709, at [[Mendon, Massachusetts|Mendon]], [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], the son of Daniel and Lydia (née Chapin) Taft, who were married on December 5, 1706.{{sfn|Crane vol. 2|1907|p=304}} Lydia was the daughter of Captain Josiah Chapin.{{sfn|Crane vol. 2|1907|p=304}} Josiah's father Daniel, had been a local "squire", town treasurer, moderator, justice of the peace, and legal advisor to his family.{{sfn|Crane vol. 2|1907|p=304}} His siblings were Daniel, Japhet, David, Caleb, and Abigail.{{sfn|Crane vol. 2|1907|p=304}} Josiah grew up in the Mendon, and became a resident of [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts|Uxbridge]] in 1732.{{sfn|Crane vol. 1|1907|p=223}}


Taft descended from [[Robert Taft Sr.]] (1640 or before – February 8, 1725) of [[Braintree, Massachusetts]], his grandfather of the [[Taft family]].{{sfn|Crane vol. 2|1907|p=304}}<ref name="WDS">{{Cite news |date=August 13, 1874 |title=The Taft Family |url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83021205/1874-08-13/ed-1/seq-1/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |work=Worcester Daily Spy | via=National Endowment for the Humanities | location=Worcester, Massachusetts}}</ref> [[Robert Taft Sr.]] established his family in [[Mendon, Massachusetts|Mendon]], in what later became the town of Uxbridge, where he built a fort. Robert was a carpenter and a farmer.<ref name="WDS" /> [[William Howard Taft]], [[President of the United States]], was from this same family.<ref name="Chuss" />
⚫
==Marriage and adulthood==
⚫
Taft married Lydia Chapin of Mendon,<ref name="taft">{{cite book |last= Crane |first = Ellery Bicknell|title= Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memories of Worcester County, Massachusetts with a history of Worcester Society of Antiquity;|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historichomesan02crangoog/page/n390 223]|publisher=Lewis|year=1907|location=Chicago and New York| url=https://archive.org/details/historichomesan02crangoog|quote= josiah taft son of daniel taft and lydia chapin. }}</ref> on December 28, 1731, (as recorded in Mendon vital records of Taft marriages), and she became known as [[Lydia Chapin Taft]]. They were married at the Congregational Church in Mendon.
Lydia and Josiah then settled in Uxbridge. It is possible that when they settled in Uxbridge that they then joined the only Uxbridge church, a Congregational church, gathered in 1727, and mentioned first in a list of new Congregational parishes in the [[First Great Awakening|Great Awakening]] of 1731.<ref name= "church">{{cite book |last= Clarke, D.D. |first= Joseph S. |title= A Historical Sketch of the Congregational Churches in Massachusetts, from 1620 to 1858 |publisher= Congregational Board of Publication |year= 1858 |location= Boston (Digitized by Google books) |pages= 148 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=L7yETClx8EUC&q=great+awakening+uxbridge+mass&pg=PA148 }}</ref> Josiah was a prominent landowner. The famous [[Taft family]] in America had ts origins in Uxbridge and [[Mendon, Massachusetts|Mendon]], starting with Josiah's grandfather, an English immigrant, [[Robert Taft, Sr]] who settled here in 1680. Josiah and Lydia went on to have a family of 8 children between 1732 and 1753.<ref>ibd.ref.1 p.222</ref><ref name ="legis"/><ref name="roots">{{cite web|title =Taft descendents|publisher= rootsweb|access-date=2007-10-10|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~taft/Taftdes5.htm#id4586}}</ref> Josiah was a farmer, and soldier, and Lydia was a colonial mother and homemaker. Josiah became a prominent citizen in early Uxbridge. He was a farmer, local official, and Massachusetts [[legislator]].
Josiah went on to serve a number of terms as a member of the [[Board of Selectmen]], as town clerk, and as [[town moderator]].<ref name= "legis"/> Josiah served in the [[Massachusetts General Court]]. HR, 1753.<ref name= "legis">{{cite book|last=Schultz|first=John A|title=Legislators of the Massachusetts General Court 1691-1780: A Biographical Dictionary|pages =353|year=1997|publisher= UPNE|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKPU-Drsc_UC&pg=PA353&lpg=PA353&dq=josiah+taft+massachusetts+general+court&source=web&ots=VlyRvONK4I&sig=rXHox497cckDFtwgcX0WnShGhew}}</ref> Lydia and Josiah were among the wealthiest families in Uxbridge.<ref name ="legis"/>


{{Further|Taft family}}
==Place in early American history==

Taft was originally known as Ensign Josiah Taft in the Uxbridge Militia, and later as Lieutenant, and then Captain Josiah Taft in the [[French and Indian War]]. Josiah served as the Uxbridge town moderator. He presided over the proceedings of the [[New England]] style [[open town meeting]]. It is later reported, that Josiah Taft became the largest taxpayer in the town of Uxbridge in 1756.<ref name="address">{{cite book |last= Chapin |first= Judge Henry |title= Address Delivered at the Unitarian Church in Uxbridge; 1864 |page=172 |year= 1881 |location= Worcester, Massachusetts }}</ref> In the Fall of 1756, Josiah and Lydia's 18-year-old son, Caleb, became ill, while studying at Harvard, and died on September 19. Josiah went to Boston and Cambridge to bury Caleb. Josiah himself became ill after returning home, and died on September 30, at [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts]] at age 47. It was reported that he left a good estate with bonds and a will.<ref name= "legis"/> This was immediately prior to an important vote on the town's support for the war effort in the [[French and Indian War]]s. Josiah's untimely death opened the door for Lydia's giant step into America's history of [[women's suffrage]]. Lydia, Josiah's widow, then became [[America's First Woman Voter]], known initially in records as the 'widow Josiah Taft'. Lydia went on to vote in three official Uxbridge town meetings, in 1756, 1758, and 1765.
⚫
==Marriage and children==
Taft married Lydia Chapin of Mendon, on December 28, 1731, and becoming [[Lydia Chapin Taft]].<ref>{{citation|title=Josiah Taft and Lydia Chapin, married December 28, 1731, Mendon | work=Massachusetts, Marriages, 1633-1850 |publisher=Family History Library |location= Salt Lake City, Utah | via=ancestry.com}}</ref> Lydia and Josiah then settled in Uxbridge,{{sfn|Crane vol. 1|1907|p=223}}{{efn|They settled in Uxbridge, because that is where Josiah lived from 1732 on.{{sfn|Crane vol. 1|1907|p=223}}}} about {{convert|4.5|miles|km}} southwest of Mendon.<ref>{{citation|title=Directions from Mendon to Uxbridge| publisher=Google maps | date=April 9, 2024}}</ref> It is possible that when they settled in Uxbridge that they then joined the only Uxbridge church, a Congregational church, gathered in 1727, and mentioned first in a list of new Congregational parishes in the [[First Great Awakening|Great Awakening]] of 1731.{{sfn|Clarke|1858|p=148}} Josiah and Lydia went on to have a family of 8 children between 1732 and 1753,<ref name="Schutz">{{Cite book |last=Schutz |first=John A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eKPU-Drsc_UC&pg=PA353 |title=Legislators of the Massachusetts General Court, 1691-1780: A Biographical Dictionary |date=1997 |publisher=UPNE |isbn=978-1-55553-304-5 |pages=79, 353 |language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Clarke|1858|p=222}} including [[Bazaleel Taft Sr.]], born November 3, 1750,{{sfn|Baldwin|1916|p=150}} Caleb, Joel, and Eunice, who married Mr. Stowell, and after he died, Samuel Curtis Jr.{{sfn|Crane vol. 1|1907|pp=223, 292}}

==Adult life==
Josiah was a farmer and soldier, and Lydia was a colonial mother and homemaker. Josiah became a prominent citizen in early Uxbridge. He was a farmer, local official, and Massachusetts [[legislator]]. Josiah went on to serve a number of terms as a member of the [[Board of Selectmen]], as town clerk, and as [[town moderator]].<ref name="Schutz" /> Josiah served in the [[Massachusetts General Court]]. House of Representatives, 1753.<ref name="Schutz" /> Lydia and Josiah were among the wealthiest families in Uxbridge.<ref name="Schutz" />

Taft was originally known as Ensign Josiah Taft in the Uxbridge Militia, and later as Lieutenant, and then Captain Josiah Taft in the [[French and Indian War]]. Josiah served as the Uxbridge town moderator. He presided over the proceedings of the [[New England]] style [[open town meeting]]. It is later reported, that Josiah Taft became the largest taxpayer in the town of Uxbridge in 1756.{{sfn|Chapin|1881|page=172}} In the fall of 1756, Josiah and Lydia's son, Caleb, became ill, while studying at [[Harvard University|Harvard College]], and died on September 19. Josiah went to Boston and Cambridge to bury Caleb.<ref name="Chuss">{{cite news| url=https://www.milfordfreepress.com/2023/03/14/428934/mendon-s-lydia-taft-america-s-first-female-voter-or-was-she- |title=Mendon's Lydia Taft: America's first female voter or was she?| first1=Linda |last1=Chuss |newspaper=Milford Free Press | date=March 14, 2023 |access-date=April 8, 2024 }}</ref>{{sfn|Crane vol. 1|1907|p=232}}{{sfn|Baldwin|1916|p=404}}

Josiah himself became ill after returning home, and died on September 29, 1756, at [[Uxbridge, Massachusetts]] at age 47.<ref name="Death date">{{citation|title=Josiah Taft of Uxbridge, September 29, 1756, Mendon | work=Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records |location= Provo, Utah | publisher= Holbrook Research Institute |via=ancestry.com}}</ref>{{efn|There are sources that state that Josiah Taft died on September 30, 1756, but Vital Records for Massachusetts showed that he died on September 29, 1756.<ref name="Death date" />|name="death date"}} It was reported that he left a good estate with bonds and a will.<ref name="Schutz" />{{sfn|Baldwin|1916|p=406}}

Lydia became the largest landholder in Uxbridge and based upon the principal of "no taxation without representation, she was made a voter by proxy,<ref name="Chuss" />{{sfn|Chapin|1881|page=172}}{{sfn|Sprague|1927|p=20}} [[America's First Woman Voter|America's first woman voter]].<ref name="Chuss">{{cite news| url=https://www.milfordfreepress.com/2023/03/14/428934/mendon-s-lydia-taft-america-s-first-female-voter-or-was-she- |title=Mendon's Lydia Taft: America's first female voter or was she?| first1=Linda |last1=Chuss |newspaper=Milford Free Press | date=March 14, 2023 |access-date=April 8, 2024 }}</ref>{{efn|The event was recorded by a book written by Henry Chapin and edited by Rushton Dashwood Burr, but it is not recorded in the town's records. She was recognized as America's first woman vote when Route 146A was designated the Lydia Taft Highway by the Massachusetts legislature in 2004.<ref name="Chuss" />}} On October 30, 1756, an important [[open town meeting]] was held to decide whether to support the [[French and Indian War]] effort.<ref name="Chuss" />{{sfn|Chapin|1881|page=172}} Her vote settled what would otherwise have been a tie. The town would provide financial support for the war.{{sfn|Chapin|1881|page=172}}{{sfn|Sprague|1927|p=20}} Lydia died November 9, 1778.{{sfn|Baldwin|1916|p=407}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>

==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924028839509 |title=Vital records of Uxbridge, Massachusetts, to the year 1850 |last1=Baldwin |first1=Thomas W. (Thomas Williams) |date=1916 |publisher= Wright & Potter printing company |location=Boston, Massachusetts }}
* {{Cite book |last=Chapin |first=Henry |url=http://archive.org/details/addressdelivered0000chap |title=Address delivered at the Unitarian church, in Uxbridge, Mass., in 1864 |date=1881 |location=Worcester, Massachusetts |publisher=Press of C. Hamilton}}
* {{cite book |last= Clarke |first= Joseph S. |title= A Historical Sketch of the Congregational Churches in Massachusetts, from 1620 to 1858 |publisher= Congregational Board of Publication |year= 1858 |location= Boston (Digitized by Google books) |pages= 148 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=L7yETClx8EUC&q=great+awakening+uxbridge+mass&pg=PA148 }}
⚫
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Crane vol. 1|1907}}|last= Crane |first = Ellery Bicknell|title= Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memories of Worcester County, Massachusetts with a history of Worcester Society of Antiquity |publisher=Lewis|volume=1|year=1907|location=Chicago and New York| url=https://archive.org/details/historichomesan02crangoog/page/223/mode/2up?q=%22Josiah+Taft%22 }} (archive.org)
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Crane vol. 2|1907}}|last= Crane |first = Ellery Bicknell|title= Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memories of Worcester County, Massachusetts with a history of Worcester Society of Antiquity |publisher=Lewis|year=1907|location=Chicago and New York| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=86rbSq2FhdYC&pg=304 |volume=2 }} (google.com)
* {{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/uxbridgeyearbyye00unse |title=Uxbridge year by year, 1727-1927 | editor-last=Sprague|editor-first=Beatrice Putnam |date=1927 |publisher=E.L. Freeman |location=Woonsocket, Rhode Island }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Taft, Josiah}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Taft, Josiah}}

Latest revision as of 02:18, 24 July 2024

Josiah Taft
Born(1709-04-02)April 2, 1709
Mendon, Massachusetts
DiedSeptember 29, 1756(1756-09-29) (aged 47)[a]
Uxbridge, Massachusetts
SpouseLydia Taft[b]
ChildrenBazaleel Taft Sr. and seven other children
Parent(s)Daniel and Lydia Taft[b]

Josiah Taft (April 2, 1709 – September 29, 1756) was a wealthy landowner and legislator in Uxbridge, Massachusetts. He performed several roles within the community and served with the Uxbridge Militia. Attaining the rank of captain, he fought during the French and Indian Wars. Upon Taft's death, his wife Lydia Taft became the wealthiest person in Uxbridge and under the premise of "no taxation without representation" was the first woman to vote in America.

Early life

[edit]

Josiah was born on April 2, 1709, at Mendon, Province of Massachusetts Bay, the son of Daniel and Lydia (née Chapin) Taft, who were married on December 5, 1706.[1] Lydia was the daughter of Captain Josiah Chapin.[1] Josiah's father Daniel, had been a local "squire", town treasurer, moderator, justice of the peace, and legal advisor to his family.[1] His siblings were Daniel, Japhet, David, Caleb, and Abigail.[1] Josiah grew up in the Mendon, and became a resident of Uxbridge in 1732.[4]

Taft descended from Robert Taft Sr. (1640 or before – February 8, 1725) of Braintree, Massachusetts, his grandfather of the Taft family.[1][5] Robert Taft Sr. established his family in Mendon, in what later became the town of Uxbridge, where he built a fort. Robert was a carpenter and a farmer.[5] William Howard Taft, President of the United States, was from this same family.[6]

Further information: Taft family

Marriage and children

[edit]

Taft married Lydia Chapin of Mendon, on December 28, 1731, and becoming Lydia Chapin Taft.[7] Lydia and Josiah then settled in Uxbridge,[4][c] about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) southwest of Mendon.[8] It is possible that when they settled in Uxbridge that they then joined the only Uxbridge church, a Congregational church, gathered in 1727, and mentioned first in a list of new Congregational parishes in the Great Awakening of 1731.[9] Josiah and Lydia went on to have a family of 8 children between 1732 and 1753,[10][11] including Bazaleel Taft Sr., born November 3, 1750,[12] Caleb, Joel, and Eunice, who married Mr. Stowell, and after he died, Samuel Curtis Jr.[13]

Adult life

[edit]

Josiah was a farmer and soldier, and Lydia was a colonial mother and homemaker. Josiah became a prominent citizen in early Uxbridge. He was a farmer, local official, and Massachusetts legislator. Josiah went on to serve a number of terms as a member of the Board of Selectmen, as town clerk, and as town moderator.[10] Josiah served in the Massachusetts General Court. House of Representatives, 1753.[10] Lydia and Josiah were among the wealthiest families in Uxbridge.[10]

Taft was originally known as Ensign Josiah Taft in the Uxbridge Militia, and later as Lieutenant, and then Captain Josiah Taft in the French and Indian War. Josiah served as the Uxbridge town moderator. He presided over the proceedings of the New England style open town meeting. It is later reported, that Josiah Taft became the largest taxpayer in the town of Uxbridge in 1756.[14] In the fall of 1756, Josiah and Lydia's son, Caleb, became ill, while studying at Harvard College, and died on September 19. Josiah went to Boston and Cambridge to bury Caleb.[6][15][16]

Josiah himself became ill after returning home, and died on September 29, 1756, at Uxbridge, Massachusetts at age 47.[17][a] It was reported that he left a good estate with bonds and a will.[10][18]

Lydia became the largest landholder in Uxbridge and based upon the principal of "no taxation without representation, she was made a voter by proxy,[6][14][19] America's first woman voter.[6][d] On October 30, 1756, an important open town meeting was held to decide whether to support the French and Indian War effort.[6][14] Her vote settled what would otherwise have been a tie. The town would provide financial support for the war.[14][19] Lydia died November 9, 1778.[20]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b There are sources that state that Josiah Taft died on September 30, 1756, but Vital Records for Massachusetts showed that he died on September 29, 1756.[17]
  2. ^ a b Both Josiah's mother, the daughter of Captain Josiah Chapin,[1] and his wife, the daughter of Seth and Bethia Chapin,[2][3] were Lydia Chapin before their marriages.
  3. ^ They settled in Uxbridge, because that is where Josiah lived from 1732 on.[4]
  4. ^ The event was recorded by a book written by Henry Chapin and edited by Rushton Dashwood Burr, but it is not recorded in the town's records. She was recognized as America's first woman vote when Route 146A was designated the Lydia Taft Highway by the Massachusetts legislature in 2004.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f Crane vol. 2 1907, p. 304.
  2. ^ Crane vol. 1 1907, pp. 223, 347.
  3. ^ "Lydiah Chapin, born February 2, 1711, to Seth and Bethiah Chapin, Mendon", Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records, Provo, Utah: Holbrook Research Institute – via ancestry.com
  4. ^ a b c Crane vol. 1 1907, p. 223.
  5. ^ a b "The Taft Family". Worcester Daily Spy. Worcester, Massachusetts. August 13, 1874. Retrieved April 8, 2024 – via National Endowment for the Humanities.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Chuss, Linda (March 14, 2023). "Mendon's Lydia Taft: America's first female voter or was she?". Milford Free Press. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
  7. ^ "Josiah Taft and Lydia Chapin, married December 28, 1731, Mendon", Massachusetts, Marriages, 1633-1850, Salt Lake City, Utah: Family History Library – via ancestry.com
  8. ^ Directions from Mendon to Uxbridge, Google maps, April 9, 2024
  9. ^ Clarke 1858, p. 148.
  10. ^ a b c d e Schutz, John A. (1997). Legislators of the Massachusetts General Court, 1691-1780: A Biographical Dictionary. UPNE. pp. 79, 353. ISBN 978-1-55553-304-5.
  11. ^ Clarke 1858, p. 222.
  12. ^ Baldwin 1916, p. 150.
  13. ^ Crane vol. 1 1907, pp. 223, 292.
  14. ^ a b c d Chapin 1881, p. 172.
  15. ^ Crane vol. 1 1907, p. 232.
  16. ^ Baldwin 1916, p. 404.
  17. ^ a b "Josiah Taft of Uxbridge, September 29, 1756, Mendon", Town and City Clerks of Massachusetts. Massachusetts Vital and Town Records, Provo, Utah: Holbrook Research Institute – via ancestry.com
  18. ^ Baldwin 1916, p. 406.
  19. ^ a b Sprague 1927, p. 20.
  20. ^ Baldwin 1916, p. 407.

Bibliography

[edit]
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