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{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{automatic taxobox
{{automatic taxobox
| image = Cuban bullfinch (Melopyrrha nigra nigra).JPG
| image = Cuban bullfinch (Melopyrrha nigra nigra).JPG
| image_caption = [[Cuban bullfinch]] (''Melopyrrha nigra'')
| image_caption = [[Cuban bullfinch]] (''Melopyrrha nigra'')
| taxon = Melopyrrha
| taxon = Melopyrrha
| authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1853
| authority = [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte|Bonaparte]], 1853
| type_species = ''Melopyrrha nigra''
| type_species = ''[[Cuban bullfinch|Loxia nigra]]''
| type_species_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1858
| synonyms = ''Pyrrhulagra''
| synonyms =
}}
}}


'''''Melopyrrha''''' is a genus of [[passerine]] birds in the tanager family [[Thraupidae]]. It is made up of 3 species, endemic to the [[Greater Antilles]]:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://neotropical.birds.cornell.edu/Species-Account/nb/species/cubbul1/overview|title=Cuban Bullfinch - Introduction {{!}} Neotropical Birds Online|website=neotropical.birds.cornell.edu|language=en|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite iucn|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/103813133/0|title=''Pyrrhulagra taylori'' (Grand Cayman Bullfinch)|access-date=2018-01-22}}</ref>
'''''Melopyrrha''''' is a genus of [[passerine]] birds in the tanager family [[Thraupidae]]. It is made up of four extant species [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Greater Antilles]], along with 1 possibly [[extinct]] species from the island of [[Saint Kitts]] in the [[Lesser Antilles]].

* [[Cuban bullfinch]] ''Melopyrrha nigra'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small>
==Taxonomy==
** ''M. nigra taylori'' <small>[[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]], 1896</small> - [[Grand Cayman bullfinch]]
The genus ''Melopyrrha'' was introduced in 1853 by the French naturalist [[Charles Lucien Bonaparte]].<ref>{{ cite journal | last=Bonaparte | first=Charles Lucien | author-link=Charles Lucien Bonaparte | year=1853 | title=Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua: Troisième communication - Passereux Conirostres | language=French | journal=Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences | volume=37 | pages=913–925 [924] | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1217531 }}</ref> The [[type species]] was later specified by [[George Robert Gray]] as the [[Cuban bullfinch]].<ref>{{ cite book | last=Gray | first=George Robert | author-link=George Robert Gray | year=1855 | title=Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum | location=London | publisher=British Museum | page=82 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/17136721 }}</ref> The name combines the [[Ancient Greek]] ''melas'' meaning "black" with the genus ''[[Pyrrhula]]'' introduced by [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] for the bullfinches.<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title=The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn=978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=250 }}</ref> This genus was formerly [[monospecific]] containing only the Cuban bullfinch.<ref name=paynter>{{ cite book | editor-last=Paynter | editor-first=Raymond A. Jr | year=1970 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=13 | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=151 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14483386 }}</ref> A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study published in 2014 found that the genus ''[[Loxigilla]]'' was [[polyphyletic]] and that the [[Greater Antillean bullfinch]], [[Puerto Rican bullfinch]] and Cuban bullfinch formed a [[clade]].<ref name=burns2014>{{cite journal| last1=Burns | first1=K.J. | last2=Shultz | first2=A.J. | last3=Title | first3=P.O. | last4=Mason | first4=N.A. | last5=Barker | first5=F.K. | last6=Klicka | first6=J. | last7=Lanyon | first7=S.M. | last8=Lovette | first8=I.J. | year=2014 | title=Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution| volume=75| pages=41–77 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006 | pmid=24583021 | bibcode=2014MolPE..75...41B | url=https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3613&context=biosci_pubs }}</ref> The three species were therefore placed together in ''Melopyrrha''.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=July 2020 | title=Tanagers and allies | work=IOC World Bird List Version 10.2 | url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/tanagers/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=14 November 2020 }}</ref> In 2021, the possibly extinct [[St. Kitts bullfinch]] (''M. grandis'') was split from ''M. portoricensis'' as a distinct species.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Species Updates – IOC World Bird List|url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/updates/species-updates/|access-date=2021-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫
* [[Puerto Rican bullfinch]], ''Melopyrrha portoricensis''

⚫
** Saint Kitts bullfinch, ''Melopyrrha portoricensis grandis'' &ndash; [[extinct]] (1930)
Although these species were traditionally placed with the buntings and [[New World sparrow]]s in the family [[Emberizidae]],<ref name=paynter/> molecular genetic studies have shown that they are members of the tanager family [[Thraupidae]] and belong to the [[subfamily]] Coerebinae that also contains [[Darwin's finches]].<ref name=burns2014/>
* [[Greater Antillean bullfinch]], ''Melopyrrha violacea''
==Species==
The five species in the genus are:<ref name=ioc/>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Image !! Common Name !! Scientific name !! Distribution
|-
⚫
|[[File:Comeñame.jpg|120px]] || [[Puerto Rican bullfinch]] || ''Melopyrrha portoricensis'' || Puerto Rico.
|-
⚫
| ||[[St. Kitts bullfinch]] || ''Melopyrrha grandis''||Saint Kitts.
|-
|[[File:Greater Antillean Bullfinch (4450395711).jpg|120px]] || [[Greater Antillean bullfinch]] || ''Melopyrrha violacea''||Bahamas, Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti, as well as surrounding islands), Jamaica, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
|-
| || [[Grand Cayman bullfinch]] || ''Melopyrrha taylori''||Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.
|-
|[[File:Cuban bullfinch (Melopyrrha nigra nigra).JPG|120px]] || [[Cuban bullfinch]] || ''Melopyrrha nigra''||Cuba.
|-
|}


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Passeroidea|T.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1175810}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1175810}}


[[Category:Melopyrrha| ]]
[[Category:Melopyrrha| ]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Bird genera]]
[[Category:Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the West Indies]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Charles Lucien Bonaparte]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]

Latest revision as of 21:20, 20 July 2024

Melopyrrha
Cuban bullfinch (Melopyrrha nigra)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Thraupidae
Genus: Melopyrrha
Bonaparte, 1853
Type species
Loxia nigra
Linnaeus, 1858

Melopyrrha is a genus of passerine birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is made up of four extant species endemic to the Greater Antilles, along with 1 possibly extinct species from the island of Saint Kitts in the Lesser Antilles.

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genus Melopyrrha was introduced in 1853 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.[1] The type species was later specified by George Robert Gray as the Cuban bullfinch.[2] The name combines the Ancient Greek melas meaning "black" with the genus Pyrrhula introduced by Mathurin Jacques Brisson for the bullfinches.[3] This genus was formerly monospecific containing only the Cuban bullfinch.[4] A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genus Loxigilla was polyphyletic and that the Greater Antillean bullfinch, Puerto Rican bullfinch and Cuban bullfinch formed a clade.[5] The three species were therefore placed together in Melopyrrha.[6] In 2021, the possibly extinct St. Kitts bullfinch (M. grandis) was split from M. portoricensis as a distinct species.[7]

Although these species were traditionally placed with the buntings and New World sparrows in the family Emberizidae,[4] molecular genetic studies have shown that they are members of the tanager family Thraupidae and belong to the subfamily Coerebinae that also contains Darwin's finches.[5]

Species

[edit]

The five species in the genus are:[6]

Image Common Name Scientific name Distribution
Puerto Rican bullfinch Melopyrrha portoricensis Puerto Rico.
St. Kitts bullfinch Melopyrrha grandis Saint Kitts.
Greater Antillean bullfinch Melopyrrha violacea Bahamas, Hispaniola (the Dominican Republic and Haiti, as well as surrounding islands), Jamaica, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Grand Cayman bullfinch Melopyrrha taylori Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands.
Cuban bullfinch Melopyrrha nigra Cuba.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Bonaparte, Charles Lucien (1853). "Notes sur les collections rapportées en 1853, par M. A. Delattre, de son voyage en Californie et dans le Nicaragua: Troisième communication - Passereux Conirostres". Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (in French). 37: 913–925 [924].
  2. ^ Gray, George Robert (1855). Catalogue of the Genera and Subgenera of Birds Contained in the British Museum. London: British Museum. p. 82.
  3. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 250. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  4. ^ a b Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 151.
  5. ^ a b Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. Bibcode:2014MolPE..75...41B. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006. PMID 24583021.
  6. ^ a b Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  7. ^ "Species Updates – IOC World Bird List". Retrieved 2021-07-29.
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