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Coordinates: 40°09′07″N 26°24′20″E / 40.15194°N 26.40556°E / 40.15194; 26.40556
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| province = Çanakkale
| province = Çanakkale
| district = Çanakkale
| district = Çanakkale
| leader_party = [[Republican People's Party|CHP]]
| leader_party = CHP
| leader_name = Ülgür Gökhan
| leader_name = Muharrem Erkek
| area_footnotes =
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_total_km2 =
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| website = {{URL|https://www.canakkale.bel.tr/}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.canakkale.bel.tr/}}
}}
}}
'''Çanakkale''' ({{IPA-tr|tʃaˈnakkale|pron}}), formerly known in English as '''Dardanelles''' (outdated {{Lang-el|Δαρδανέλλια|Dardanéllia}}), is a city and seaport in [[Turkey]] on the southern shore of the [[Dardanelles]] at their narrowest point. It is the seat of [[Çanakkale Province]] and [[Çanakkale District]].<ref name=il>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx İl Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Its population is 143,622 (2021).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021|url=https://www.tuik.gov.tr/indir/duyuru/favori_raporlar.xlsx |access-date=1 March 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=tr |format=XLS}}</ref>
'''Çanakkale''' is a city and seaport in [[Turkey]] on the southern shore of the [[Dardanelles]] at their narrowest point. It is the seat of [[Çanakkale Province]] and [[Çanakkale District]].<ref name=il>[https://www.e-icisleri.gov.tr/Anasayfa/MulkiIdariBolumleri.aspx İl Belediyesi], Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Its population is 143,622 (2021).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021|url=https://www.tuik.gov.tr/indir/duyuru/favori_raporlar.xlsx |access-date=1 March 2023|publisher=[[TÜİK]]|language=tr |format=XLS}}</ref>


Çanakkale is the nearest major urban centre to the ancient city of [[Troy]], which (together with the ancient region of the [[Troad]]) is also located inside [[Çanakkale Province]]. The wooden horse from the 2004 movie ''[[Troy (movie)|Troy]]'' is exhibited on the Çanakkale waterfront.
Çanakkale is the nearest major urban centre to the ancient city of [[Troy]], which (together with the ancient region of the [[Troad]]) is also located inside [[Çanakkale Province]]. The wooden horse from the 2004 movie ''[[Troy (movie)|Troy]]'' is exhibited on the Çanakkale waterfront.


Today Çanakkale is the main base for visits to the ruins of Troy and to the First World War cemeteries at [[Gallipoli campaign|Gallipoli.]] Particularly around 18 March and 25 April ([[Anzac Day|ANZAC Day]]) when there are major celebrations of the two different interpretations of the events of the war the town fills with visitors and every hotel room is likely to be booked up for months in advance.
Today Çanakkale is the main base for visits to the ruins of Troy and to the First World War cemeteries at [[Gallipoli campaign|Gallipoli.]] Particularly around 18 March and 25 April ([[Anzac Day|ANZAC Day]]) when there are major celebrations of the events of the war the town is heavily visited.


⚫
[[Çanakkale Airport]] is 3&nbsp;km from the city centre. [[AnadoluJet]] and [[Borajet]] have daily flights from Istanbul and [[Ankara]]. Intercity buses run to [[Bursa]], [[Istanbul]] and [[İzmir]].
Every year Çanakkale is the finishing point for a demanding swim across the Dardanelles from [[Eceabat]]. This event reproduces the swim taken by [[Lord Byron]] in 1810. Byron himself was reproducing Leander's legendary swim from Sestos to Abydos in the story of [[Hero and Leander]].


⚫
[[Çanakkale Airport]] (CKZ) is 3&nbsp;km from the city centre. [[AnadoluJet]] and [[Borajet]] have daily flights from Istanbul and [[Ankara]]. Intercity buses run to [[Bursa]], [[Istanbul]] and [[İzmir]].
==Name==
==Name==
Çanakkale was originally the site of an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] fortress called ''Ḳalʿa-i Sulṭānīye'' ({{lang-ota|قلعهٔ سلطانیه|lit=fortress of the sultan}}; {{lang-tr|Sultaniye Kalesi}}). From the late 17th century onwards it became known for its glazed [[Çanakkale ceramics]], compared by the traveler [[Richard Pococke]] to [[Delftware]],<ref name="ceramopolis.com">{{Cite web |title=Canakkale Ceramics {{!}} CERAMOPOLIS |url=http://www.ceramopolis.com/?page_id=1008 |access-date=2022-10-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> hence the later name ''Çanak Kalesi'' "Pottery Castle". This was adopted as the official name for the town in 1890, although having already been in use a century earlier.<ref name="Cook" />
Çanakkale was originally the site of an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] fortress called ''Ḳalʿa-i Sulṭānīye'' ({{lang-ota|قلعهٔ سلطانیه|lit=fortress of the sultan}}; {{lang-tr|Sultaniye Kalesi}}). From the late 17th century onwards it became known for its glazed [[Çanakkale ceramics]], compared by the traveler [[Richard Pococke]] to [[Delftware]],<ref name="ceramopolis.com">{{Cite web |title=Canakkale Ceramics {{!}} CERAMOPOLIS |url=http://www.ceramopolis.com/?page_id=1008 |access-date=2022-10-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> hence the later name ''Çanak Kalesi'' "Pottery Castle". This was adopted as the official name for the town in 1890, although having already been in use a century earlier.<ref name="Cook" />
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The [[Byzantine Empire|Greek-Byzantine]] name for Çanakkale was ''Dardanellia'',<ref>Régis Darques, ''Salonique au XXe siècle: De la cité ottomane à la métropole grecque,'' editions CNRS 2000 p. 299.</ref> from which the [[English language|English]] name [[Dardanelles]] is derived. Many accounts by 19th-century visitors to the town refer to it as Dardanelles. {{cn|date=March 2024}}
The [[Byzantine Empire|Greek-Byzantine]] name for Çanakkale was ''Dardanellia'',<ref>Régis Darques, ''Salonique au XXe siècle: De la cité ottomane à la métropole grecque,'' editions CNRS 2000 p. 299.</ref> from which the [[English language|English]] name [[Dardanelles]] is derived. Many accounts by 19th-century visitors to the town refer to it as Dardanelles. {{cn|date=March 2024}}


From around 1920, the [[British people|British]] began to call Çanakkale, 'Chanak' and 'Kale Sultanie' in their reporting.<ref name=Prothero76>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/76/}}</ref>
From around 1920, the [[British people|British]] began to call Çanakkale 'Chanak' and 'Kale Sultanie' in their reporting.<ref name=Prothero76>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=G.W.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/76/}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Line 83: Line 82:
== Climate ==
== Climate ==
Çanakkale has a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa'' or [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Cs'') with hot, dry summers and cool, humid winters. Winds are strong year long, particularly in winter months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Çanakkale İklimi |url=https://izmir.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/iklim/canakkale_iklim.pdf}}</ref>
Çanakkale has a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa'' or [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]]: ''Cs'') with hot, dry summers and cool, humid winters. Winds are strong year long, particularly in winter months.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Çanakkale İklimi |url=https://izmir.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/iklim/canakkale_iklim.pdf}}</ref>

Highest recorded temperature:{{Convert|39.7|C|F|abbr=on}} on 1 August 2021<br>Lowest recorded temperature:{{Convert|-11.5|C|F|abbr=on}} on 2 February 1929<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=CANAKKALE | title = İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri | publisher = Turkish State Meteorological Service | language = tr | access-date = 18 July 2024}}</ref>


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| metric first = Yes
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| single line = Yes
| location = Çanakkale (1991–2020, extremes 1929–2021)
| location = Çanakkale (1991–2020, extremes 1929–2023)
| Jan record high C = 20.0
| Jan record high C = 20.6
| Feb record high C = 21.3
| Feb record high C = 21.3
| Mar record high C = 27.3
| Mar record high C = 27.3
| Apr record high C = 30.8
| Apr record high C = 30.8
| May record high C = 38.9
| May record high C = 38.9
| Jun record high C = 36.8
| Jun record high C = 38.5
| Jul record high C = 39.0
| Jul record high C = 39.2
| Aug record high C = 39.7
| Aug record high C = 39.7
| Sep record high C = 35.9
| Sep record high C = 35.9
| Oct record high C = 31.8
| Oct record high C = 31.8
| Nov record high C = 26.2
| Nov record high C = 27.7
| Dec record high C = 22.9
| Dec record high C = 22.9
| year record high C = 39.7
| year record high C = 39.7
Line 167: Line 169:
| Dec precipitation mm = 100.4
| Dec precipitation mm = 100.4
| year precipitation mm = 620.3
| year precipitation mm = 620.3
| Jan precipitation days = 11.27
| Jan precipitation days = 10.8
| Feb precipitation days = 10.70
| Feb precipitation days = 10.63
| Mar precipitation days = 10.47
| Mar precipitation days = 9.53
| Apr precipitation days = 8.83
| Apr precipitation days = 8.43
| May precipitation days = 6.40
| May precipitation days = 5.57
| Jun precipitation days = 4.97
| Jun precipitation days = 4.53
| Jul precipitation days = 1.90
| Jul precipitation days = 1.77
| Aug precipitation days = 1.20
| Aug precipitation days = 1.23
| Sep precipitation days = 3.87
| Sep precipitation days = 3.33
| Oct precipitation days = 7.10
| Oct precipitation days = 6.47
| Nov precipitation days = 8.77
| Nov precipitation days = 8.13
| Dec precipitation days = 11.63
| Dec precipitation days = 11.37
| year precipitation days = 87.1
| year precipitation days = 81.8
| Jan snow days =2.09
| Feb snow days =2.3
| Mar snow days =0.61
| Apr snow days =0.04
| May snow days =0
| Jun snow days =0
| Jul snow days =0
| Aug snow days =0
| Sep snow days =0
| Oct snow days =0
| Nov snow days =0.22
| Dec snow days =1.35
| year snow days =
| Jan humidity =82.1
| Feb humidity =81
| Mar humidity =79.3
| Apr humidity =77.3
| May humidity =74.7
| Jun humidity =69.9
| Jul humidity =64.9
| Aug humidity =65.5
| Sep humidity =69.4
| Oct humidity =76.8
| Nov humidity =80.8
| Dec humidity =82.2
| year humidity =
| Jan sun = 93.0
| Jan sun = 93.0
| Feb sun = 118.7
| Feb sun = 118.7
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| language = tr
| language = tr
| access-date = 24 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1421836026402717701|user=yturker|title=17.00 Hava Sıcaklıkları: Cizre 45.1,...|date=1 August 2021}}</ref>
| access-date = 24 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1421836026402717701|user=yturker|title=17.00 Hava Sıcaklıkları: Cizre 45.1,...|date=1 August 2021}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[NCEI]](humidity),<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/Canakkale_17112.csv |format=CSV | title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Canakkale-17112 | publisher = [[NOAA|National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 18 July 2024}}</ref> Meteomanz<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=6290&ind=17112&m1=01&y1=2000&m2=07&y2=2024 |title=Canakkale - Weather data by months |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=meteomanz}}</ref>
}}
}}


Revision as of 17:39, 20 July 2024

For the Çanakkale meteorite of 1964, see Meteorite falls.
Çanakkale
Municipality
Aerial view of the city centre
Aerial view of the city centre
Coat of arms of Çanakkale
Coat of arms
Çanakkale is located in Turkey
Çanakkale
Çanakkale
Location in Turkey
Çanakkale is located in Marmara
Çanakkale
Çanakkale
Çanakkale (Marmara)
Coordinates: 40°09′07″N 26°24′20″E / 40.15194°N 26.40556°E / 40.15194; 26.40556
CountryTurkey
ProvinceÇanakkale
DistrictÇanakkale
Government
 • MayorMuharrem Erkek (CHP)
Elevation
2 m (7 ft)
Population
 (2021)[1]
143,622
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
17000
Area code0286
Websitewww.canakkale.bel.tr

Çanakkale is a city and seaport in Turkey on the southern shore of the Dardanelles at their narrowest point. It is the seat of Çanakkale Province and Çanakkale District.[2] Its population is 143,622 (2021).[1]

Çanakkale is the nearest major urban centre to the ancient city of Troy, which (together with the ancient region of the Troad) is also located inside Çanakkale Province. The wooden horse from the 2004 movie Troy is exhibited on the Çanakkale waterfront.

Today Çanakkale is the main base for visits to the ruins of Troy and to the First World War cemeteries at Gallipoli. Particularly around 18 March and 25 April (ANZAC Day) when there are major celebrations of the events of the war the town is heavily visited.

Çanakkale Airport is 3 km from the city centre. AnadoluJet and Borajet have daily flights from Istanbul and Ankara. Intercity buses run to Bursa, Istanbul and İzmir.

Name

Çanakkale was originally the site of an Ottoman fortress called Ḳalʿa-i Sulṭānīye (Ottoman Turkish: قلعهٔ سلطانیه, lit. 'fortress of the sultan'; Turkish: Sultaniye Kalesi). From the late 17th century onwards it became known for its glazed Çanakkale ceramics, compared by the traveler Richard Pococke to Delftware,[3] hence the later name Çanak Kalesi "Pottery Castle". This was adopted as the official name for the town in 1890, although having already been in use a century earlier.[4]

The Greek-Byzantine name for Çanakkale was Dardanellia,[5] from which the English name Dardanelles is derived. Many accounts by 19th-century visitors to the town refer to it as Dardanelles. [citation needed]

From around 1920, the British began to call Çanakkale 'Chanak' and 'Kale Sultanie' in their reporting.[6]

History

The Polyxena sarcophagus found at the Kızöldün Tumulus, the oldest known tumulus of Hellespontine Phrygia, currently on display at the Troy Museum.
The Trojan horse that appeared in the 2004 film Troy now stands on the Çanakkale waterfront.

Prehistory and ancient history

The first inhabitants of the area lived on the Biga Peninsula in the Last Chalcolithic Age c. 6,000 years ago. However, very little is known about their identity and lifestyle. According to some excavations and research, the earliest settlements in the area were established at Kumtepe.[citation needed] Kumkale is thought to have been established in 4000 BC and Troy between 3500 and 3000 BC.[citation needed]

Aeolian Greeks settled here in the 8th century BC and quickly established trading colonies. The region came under the control of the Lydians in the 7th century BC and under the control of the Persians in the 6th century BC. Aeolis fell under the control of the Ancient Macedonian army after Alexander the Great defeated the Persians beside the Granicus River in the Battle of the Granicus on his way to Asia in 334 BC. The region came under the government of the Kingdom of Pergamon in the 2nd century BC. The western part of the Biga Peninsula where ancient Troy is situated used to be called Troas (the Troad). The settlement of Alexandria Troas was an important free port and trade centre in Roman times. In the 2nd century AD, the region was attacked by Goths from Thrace. During the 7th and 8th centuries, Arabs hoping to attack Constantinople passed through the strait several times and reached as far as Sestos[citation needed]

Ottoman era

Çanakkale Clock Tower (1896) in the city centre

At the start of the 14th century the Karasids under Demirhan Bey controlled the Anatolian side of the strait. The Ottomans first gained control of Gallipoli in 1367. In 1462 Mehmed II had the Kale-I Sultaniye fortress built on the site now occupied by Çanakkale - it takes it names from the fact that one of the Sultan's sons had collaborated in its construction.[4] Kale-I Sultaniye was built at the narrowest point of the Dardanelles and, together with the fort of Kilitbahir on the opposite side, provided effective in controlling traffic through the strait. The two forts were quickly dubbed "The Castles", and a town developed to the north-east of Kale-I Sultaniye.

Painting of Çanakkale – Cape Abydos. Entrance to the Bosphorus by Clara Barthold Mayer, late 18th century.

From the late 15th century onwards, Jewish refugees expelled from Spain settled in Çanakkale and formed a sizeable community which thrived by supplying local shipping with provisions and acting as consular agents for many European nations. Into the late 19th century the Jewish community adopted Spanish as their mother-tongue. Some 1,805 Jews were registered there in 1890, out of a population of 10,862, the rest being Muslims (3,551), Orthodox Greeks (2,577), Armenians (956) and assorted foreigners (2,173).[4]

Twentieth century

In 1915, during the First World War, Britain and France attempted to secure the Dardanelles with a view to capturing Constantinople. What is known in the West as the Gallipoli Campaign, or the Dardanelles Campaign, is referred to as the Battle of Çanakkale (Turkish: Çanakkale Savaşı) in Turkey. In March 1915 the Royal Navy failed to force the Dardanelles and suffered severe losses. In a series of operations, HMS Triumph, HMS Ocean, HMS Goliath, HMS Irresistible and the French battleship Bouvet were all sunk. The French submarine Joule and the Australian submarine AE2 were also destroyed and several other important ships were crippled. Most of the damage was inflicted by mines, though a German U-boat and Turkish small craft also contributed.

In 1920 the city was estimated to have a population of approximately 22,000. A busy port, it was a stopping point for vessels traveling through the strait, as it had been in the ancient past although the British who passed through described it as lacking good quality accommodation or resources. Goods exported from the port included wine, hides, pottery, ceramic tiles and grain.[6]

Attractions

In Çanakkale

Aerial view of Çanakkale Port

In Çanakkale town the old Kale-i Sultaniye is now called Çimenlik Kalesi and is open to the public as a military museum and art gallery. It also contains a replica of the mine-layer Nusret[7] who used to relay mines removed from the Dardanelles by the Allied forces during the First World War.[8]

A late 19th-century clocktower acts as a signpost for the older part of town where narrow streets are filled with bars, cafes and hotels. Also in this older part of the town is a relatively new Kent Müzesi (City Museum) which lays out the more recent history of the town.[8] (The contents of the old Çanakkale Archaeology Museum have been moved to the new Troy Museum.)

Çanakkale waterfront

The most attractive part of town in the evenings is the wide waterfront promenade where the wooden horse created for the film Troy starring Brad Pitt and Orlando Bloom can be seen. Many cafes and restaurants line up here to take advantage of the view of the Dardanelles.[citation needed]

Around Çanakkale

Regular ferries pass back and forth between Çanakkale and Kilitbahir where the second castle that was built to guard the Dardanelles is open to visitors.[9]

All the tour operators in Çanakkale offer tours of the Gallipoli Battlefields and Troy, sometimes on the same day. It is easy to reach Troy by minibuses from Çanakkale, although exploring the battlefields without a private car is not so easy.[8]

In summer it is also easy to reach Gökçeada -one of two inhabited Aegean islands that belong to Turkey- by ferry from Çanakkale. In winter bad weather may prevent the ferries from sailing.[10]

Çanakkale Ceramics

From the 17th century onwards Çanakkale appears to have had a thriving ceramics industry which seemed to have expanded as its competitors in İzmik and Kütahya went into decline. The produce of the kilns was, however, less sophisticated than that of the other two major centres, and by the late 19th century it appears to have been producing much pottery specifically aimed at the tourist market. Until recently the folksy quality of much Çanakkale ware, in particular its rather clumpy animal and plant-shaped pots, were tended to be sneered at. However, these same pieces are now very popular with collectors.[3]

Climate

Çanakkale has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa or Trewartha: Cs) with hot, dry summers and cool, humid winters. Winds are strong year long, particularly in winter months.[11]

Highest recorded temperature:39.7 °C (103.5 °F) on 1 August 2021
Lowest recorded temperature:−11.5 °C (11.3 °F) on 2 February 1929[12]

Climate data for Çanakkale (1991–2020, extremes 1929–2023)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.6
(69.1) 		21.3
(70.3) 		27.3
(81.1) 		30.8
(87.4) 		38.9
(102.0) 		38.5
(101.3) 		39.2
(102.6) 		39.7
(103.5) 		35.9
(96.6) 		31.8
(89.2) 		27.7
(81.9) 		22.9
(73.2) 		39.7
(103.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 9.8
(49.6) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.1
(55.6) 		17.4
(63.3) 		23.0
(73.4) 		28.4
(83.1) 		31.4
(88.5) 		31.5
(88.7) 		26.7
(80.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		11.5
(52.7) 		20.0
(68.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7) 		7.0
(44.6) 		9.1
(48.4) 		12.8
(55.0) 		18.0
(64.4) 		22.9
(73.2) 		25.8
(78.4) 		26.0
(78.8) 		21.6
(70.9) 		16.8
(62.2) 		12.3
(54.1) 		8.3
(46.9) 		15.6
(60.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3.6
(38.5) 		4.0
(39.2) 		5.7
(42.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		13.7
(56.7) 		17.9
(64.2) 		20.8
(69.4) 		21.2
(70.2) 		17.1
(62.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		8.9
(48.0) 		5.5
(41.9) 		11.7
(53.1)
Record low °C (°F) −11.0
(12.2) 		−11.5
(11.3) 		−8.5
(16.7) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		2.3
(36.1) 		6.6
(43.9) 		11.2
(52.2) 		9.4
(48.9) 		5.9
(42.6) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−7.0
(19.4) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−11.5
(11.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 78.6
(3.09) 		76.3
(3.00) 		66.0
(2.60) 		49.0
(1.93) 		32.1
(1.26) 		27.3
(1.07) 		12.9
(0.51) 		6.8
(0.27) 		24.2
(0.95) 		67.5
(2.66) 		79.2
(3.12) 		100.4
(3.95) 		620.3
(24.42)
Average precipitation days 10.8 10.63 9.53 8.43 5.57 4.53 1.77 1.23 3.33 6.47 8.13 11.37 81.8
Average snowy days 2.09 2.3 0.61 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.22 1.35 6.61
Average relative humidity (%) 82.1 81 79.3 77.3 74.7 69.9 64.9 65.5 69.4 76.8 80.8 82.2 75.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 93.0 118.7 164.3 207.0 272.8 309.0 341.0 322.4 249.0 179.8 117.0 86.8 2,460.8
Mean daily sunshine hours 3.0 4.2 5.3 6.9 8.8 10.3 11.0 10.4 8.3 5.8 3.9 2.8 6.7
Source 1: Turkish State Meteorological Service[13][14]
Source 2: NCEI(humidity),[15] Meteomanz[16]

Education

Within the boundaries of the city there are 13 high schools and a college. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University has 12 faculties, four institutes, nine four-year college programs and 14 vocational schools and serves more than 52,000 students. Thirty percent of the city's population are college graduates. [citation needed]

Notable people from Çanakkale

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021" (XLS) (in Turkish). TÜİK. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  2. ^ İl Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Canakkale Ceramics | CERAMOPOLIS". Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  4. ^ a b c J.M.Cook, The Troad:An Archaeological and Topographical Study, Clarendon Press Oxford 1973 p.53, and n.3.
  5. ^ Régis Darques, Salonique au XXe siècle: De la cité ottomane à la métropole grecque, editions CNRS 2000 p. 299.
  6. ^ a b Prothero, G.W. (1920). Anatolia. London: H.M. Stationery Office.
  7. ^ says, Huseyin (2013-03-17). "Lest We Forget: The Minelayer Nusret". Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  8. ^ a b c "ÇANAKKALE". www.turkeyfromtheinside.com. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  9. ^ "KİLİTBAHİR". www.turkeyfromtheinside.com. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  10. ^ "GÖKÇEADA". www.turkeyfromtheinside.com. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
  11. ^ "Çanakkale İklimi" (PDF).
  12. ^ "İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  13. ^ "Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)" (in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service. Retrieved 24 April 2021.
  14. ^ @yturker (1 August 2021). "17.00 Hava Sıcaklıkları: Cizre 45.1,..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  15. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Canakkale-17112" (CSV). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
  16. ^ "Canakkale - Weather data by months". meteomanz. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
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