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{{Short description|Sufi mystic order in Sunni Islam}} |
{{Short description|Sufi mystic order in Sunni Islam}} |
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{{Islam}} |
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{{Sufism}} |
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[[File:381A Mulatn Pak.jpg|thumb|351x351px|381 A, Shah Rukne Alam Colony, Multan Pakistan.]] |
[[File:381A Mulatn Pak.jpg|thumb|351x351px|381 A, Shah Rukne Alam Colony, Multan, where the Idrisiyya are centred in Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />]] |
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The '''Idrisiyya''' ({{lang-ar|الإدريسية}}) is a [[Sufi]] order |
The '''Idrisiyya order''' ({{lang-ar|الطريقة الإدريسية|translit=al-Ṭarīqa al-ʾIdrīsiyya}}) is a [[Sufi]] [[Tariqa|order]] of [[Sunni Islam]] named after [[Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi]]. It is also called the Tariqa Muhammadiyya, and it rejected following any of the four [[Madhhab|schools]] of Islamic jurisprudence (''[[Taqlid]]''),<ref name=":1">Scott Alan Kugle, ''Sufis & Saints' Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, & Sacred Power'', 2007, ISBN 080783081X, p. 269-270</ref><ref>Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker, p. 12.</ref> adopting a similar [[Usul ad-Din|methodology]] to [[Shah Ismail Dehlvi|Ismail Dehlavi]], who remarked that the agenda of the new order known as Tariqa al-Muhammadiyya was to [[Islamic fundamentalism|purify Islam]] and reject what they deemed to be [[Bid'ah]] or [[Shirk (Islam)|Shirk]].<ref name="Dawn">[https://www.dawn.com/news/700004 Past present: When history fails] Dawn (newspaper), Published 3 March 2012, Retrieved 16 August 2018</ref><ref name=":2">Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker, p. 14.</ref> |
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It is not a Tariqa in the sense of an organized Sufi order, but rather a methodology, consisting of a set of beliefs and practices, which according to the order's members, aimed at nurturing the spiritual link between the disciple and Muhammad directly.<ref>Sedgwick, Saints and Sons, pp. 12, 17.</ref><ref>Dajani, Reassurance for the Seeker, pp. 13-15.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Originally based in [[Mecca]], this tariqa was |
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== Spread and influence == |
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A branch of this order was introduced in Singapore by the followers of Shaikh Muhammad Said al-Linggi (d.1926).<ref>http://www.ahmadiah-idrisiah.com</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Originally based in [[Mecca]], this tariqa was spread widely in [[Libya]], [[Egypt]], [[Sudan]], East Africa ([[Somalia]], [[Eritrea]], [[Kenya]]), [[Yemen]], the [[Levant]] ([[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]]) and South East Asia ([[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Brunei]]). It also has followers elsewhere, such as in [[Pakistan]] as well as [[Italy]] and the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>Sedgwick, Saints and Sons, pp. 18-19.</ref> |
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Idrisiyya was introduced in Pakistan by Shaikh Hafiz Muhammad Amin bin Abdul Rehman (b.1941).<ref>http://www.idreesia.com</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Among the paths adhering to the Idrisiyya methodology include the [[Khatmiyya]], Dandarawiyya, the Ja'fariyya, and the [[Salihiyya]].<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |title=The Enigmatic Imam: The Influence of Ahmad ibn Idris |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/abs/enigmatic-imam-the-influence-of-ahmad-ibn-idris/699D9FA6F65E390DF8BA87639E5BFA08 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|year=1987 |doi=10.1017/S0020743800031846 |last1=O'Fahey |first1=Rex S. |last2=Karrar |first2=Ali Salih |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=205–220 |s2cid=162359962 }} Ref 64</ref> The order has a great deal of overlap with the [[Deobandi movement|Deobandiyya]] and [[Atharism|Ahl al-Hadith]] of [[India]],<ref name=":1" /> but are opposed to the [[Wahhabism|Wahhabi]] belief of affirming [[Physical body|corporeality]] for [[God in Islam|God]].<ref name=":1" /> |
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Ahmad bin Idris had spiritual teachers in the [[Shadhili]] Sufi order and others. Although the Idrisiyya was based on a direct spiritual relationship with Muhammad, it was historically linked to the Shadhili order, as well as the Khadiriyya path of Shaykh Abd al-Aziz al-Dabbagh (d. 1719). |
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The [[Wazifa|litanies]] and [[Salawat|prayers]] of Ibn Idris in particular gained universal acceptance among Sufi orders and has been incorporated into the litanies and collections of many paths unrelated to the Idrisiyya that reject the order's methodology.<ref>Sedgwick, Mark, Saints and Sons, pp. 18-19.</ref> |
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| ⚫ | Among the |
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== Members == |
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* [[Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi]], the founder of the Idrisiyya order.<ref name=":2" /> |
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* [[Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani al-Khatim]], founder of the Khatmiyya path in Sudan and Eritrea.<ref name=":3" /> |
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* [[Mowlana Abd al-Rahman Nurow]]. A Somali disciple of ibn Idris who spread the Tariqa Muhammadiyya in [[Somalia]].<ref>On this shaykh see, Hidigh, Uthman, Anis al-jalis fi tarjamat sayyidi Ahmad ibn Idris, Mogadishu, pp. 112-124.</ref> |
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* [[Abu'l 'Abbas Al Dandarawi]], Egyptian Sufi and founder of Dandarawiyya path in Saudi Arabia.<ref name=":3" /> |
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* [[Salih al-Ja'fari]]. He edited and published the works of Ibn Idris and revived his order. He founded the Ja'fariyya path.<ref>See Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker.</ref> |
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* [[Muḥammad ibn 'Abdallāh Hassan|Muhammad Abdullah Hasan]], follower of the Salihiyya path which rejects [[Tawassul|seeking intercession]] from [[Wali|Saints]] in one's [[Dua|invocation]] of God, which it labels as Shirk.<ref name="SaintsandSomalis">{{cite book |author1=I. M. Lewis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P5AZyEhMtbkC&q=tawasul&pg=PA38 |title=Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society |publisher=The Red Sea Press |year=1998 |isbn=9781569021033 |page=37-38}}</ref> |
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* Shaikh Muhammad Said al-Linggi, who introduced a path of this order into [[Singapore]] by the followers of al-Linggi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=www.ahmadiah-idrisiah.com, at-Tariqah al-Ahmadiah al-Idrisiah ar-Rasyidiah ad-Dandarawiah (Singapore) |url=http://www.ahmadiah-idrisiah.com/language-option.php |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=www.ahmadiah-idrisiah.com}}</ref> |
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* Shaikh Hafiz Muhammad Amin bin Abdul Rehman from [[Multan]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=A. |date=2023-08-25 |title=Spiritual leader laid to rest |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1771982 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref> Idrisiyya was introduced in [[Pakistan]] by him.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> |
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== Opposition == |
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The order's methodology has been opposed by [[al-Ahbash]], who have declared that the Dandarawiyya path have fallen into [[Blasphemy in Islam|blasphemy]] and no longer follow the [[Quran]] despite reading it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The truth about The Dandrawiyah Sufis – Alsunna.org :: Authentic Prophetic Teachings |url=https://alsunna.org/wp/blog/2023/04/29/the-truth-about-the-dandrawiyah-sufis/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> Unsurprisingly, the Idrisiyya has also been opposed by [[Barelvi movement|Barelvis]], who see their methodology as being [[Zandaqa|heretical]], and similar to Deobandis and Ahl al-Hadith.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-01-07 |title=who is shaikh amin in multan |url=https://www.islamimehfil.com/topic/3065-who-is-shaikh-amin-in-multan/page/3/ |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=IslamiMehfil |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* Hidigh, Uthman, Anīs al-jalīs fī tarjamat sayyidī Ahmad ibn Idrīs, Mogadishu, n.d., pp. 112–124. |
* Hidigh, Uthman, Anīs al-jalīs fī tarjamat sayyidī Ahmad ibn Idrīs, Mogadishu, n.d., pp. 112–124. |
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* Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker: A Biography and Translation of Salih al-Ja'fari's al-Fawa'id al-Ja'fariyya, a Commentary on Forty Prophetic Traditions, Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2013. |
* Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker: A Biography and Translation of Salih al-Ja'fari's al-Fawa'id al-Ja'fariyya, a Commentary on Forty Prophetic Traditions, Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2013. |
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* {{cite web |title=The Path |url=http://beneficialilm.com/the-path/ |website=العلم النافع Beneficialilm.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701211737/http://beneficialilm.com/the-path/ |archive-date=1 July 2014 |url-status=dead}} |
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* http://beneficialilm.com/the-path/ |
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{{Portal|Islam}} |
{{Portal|Islam}} |
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{{Islamic_theology}} |
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{{Sufi}} |
{{Sufi}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Sunni Sufi orders]] |
[[Category:Sunni Sufi orders]] |
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[[Category:Moroccan Sufi orders]] |
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Latest revision as of 09:53, 20 July 2024
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The Idrisiyya order (Arabic: الطريقة الإدريسية, romanized: al-Ṭarīqa al-ʾIdrīsiyya) is a Sufi order of Sunni Islam named after Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi. It is also called the Tariqa Muhammadiyya, and it rejected following any of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence (Taqlid),[2][3] adopting a similar methodology to Ismail Dehlavi, who remarked that the agenda of the new order known as Tariqa al-Muhammadiyya was to purify Islam and reject what they deemed to be Bid'ah or Shirk.[4][5]
It is not a Tariqa in the sense of an organized Sufi order, but rather a methodology, consisting of a set of beliefs and practices, which according to the order's members, aimed at nurturing the spiritual link between the disciple and Muhammad directly.[6][7]
Spread and influence
[edit]Originally based in Mecca, this tariqa was spread widely in Libya, Egypt, Sudan, East Africa (Somalia, Eritrea, Kenya), Yemen, the Levant (Syria and Lebanon) and South East Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei). It also has followers elsewhere, such as in Pakistan as well as Italy and the United Kingdom.[8]
Among the paths adhering to the Idrisiyya methodology include the Khatmiyya, Dandarawiyya, the Ja'fariyya, and the Salihiyya.[9] The order has a great deal of overlap with the Deobandiyya and Ahl al-Hadith of India,[2] but are opposed to the Wahhabi belief of affirming corporeality for God.[2]
The litanies and prayers of Ibn Idris in particular gained universal acceptance among Sufi orders and has been incorporated into the litanies and collections of many paths unrelated to the Idrisiyya that reject the order's methodology.[10]
Members
[edit]- Ahmad ibn Idris al-Fasi, the founder of the Idrisiyya order.[5]
- Mohammed Uthman al-Mirghani al-Khatim, founder of the Khatmiyya path in Sudan and Eritrea.[9]
- Mowlana Abd al-Rahman Nurow. A Somali disciple of ibn Idris who spread the Tariqa Muhammadiyya in Somalia.[11]
- Abu'l 'Abbas Al Dandarawi, Egyptian Sufi and founder of Dandarawiyya path in Saudi Arabia.[9]
- Salih al-Ja'fari. He edited and published the works of Ibn Idris and revived his order. He founded the Ja'fariyya path.[12]
- Muhammad Abdullah Hasan, follower of the Salihiyya path which rejects seeking intercession from Saints in one's invocation of God, which it labels as Shirk.[13]
- Shaikh Muhammad Said al-Linggi, who introduced a path of this order into Singapore by the followers of al-Linggi.[1]
- Shaikh Hafiz Muhammad Amin bin Abdul Rehman from Multan.[1][14] Idrisiyya was introduced in Pakistan by him.[1][14]
Opposition
[edit]The order's methodology has been opposed by al-Ahbash, who have declared that the Dandarawiyya path have fallen into blasphemy and no longer follow the Quran despite reading it.[15] Unsurprisingly, the Idrisiyya has also been opposed by Barelvis, who see their methodology as being heretical, and similar to Deobandis and Ahl al-Hadith.[16]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "www.ahmadiah-idrisiah.com, at-Tariqah al-Ahmadiah al-Idrisiah ar-Rasyidiah ad-Dandarawiah (Singapore)". www.ahmadiah-idrisiah.com. Retrieved 2023-07-07.
- ^ a b c Scott Alan Kugle, Sufis & Saints' Bodies: Mysticism, Corporeality, & Sacred Power, 2007, ISBN 080783081X, p. 269-270
- ^ Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker, p. 12.
- ^ Past present: When history fails Dawn (newspaper), Published 3 March 2012, Retrieved 16 August 2018
- ^ a b Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker, p. 14.
- ^ Sedgwick, Saints and Sons, pp. 12, 17.
- ^ Dajani, Reassurance for the Seeker, pp. 13-15.
- ^ Sedgwick, Saints and Sons, pp. 18-19.
- ^ a b c O'Fahey, Rex S.; Karrar, Ali Salih (1987). "The Enigmatic Imam: The Influence of Ahmad ibn Idris". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 19 (2): 205–220. doi:10.1017/S0020743800031846. S2CID 162359962. Ref 64
- ^ Sedgwick, Mark, Saints and Sons, pp. 18-19.
- ^ On this shaykh see, Hidigh, Uthman, Anis al-jalis fi tarjamat sayyidi Ahmad ibn Idris, Mogadishu, pp. 112-124.
- ^ See Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker.
- ^ I. M. Lewis (1998). Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society. The Red Sea Press. p. 37-38. ISBN 9781569021033.
- ^ a b Correspondent, A. (2023-08-25). "Spiritual leader laid to rest". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ "The truth about The Dandrawiyah Sufis – Alsunna.org :: Authentic Prophetic Teachings". Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ "who is shaikh amin in multan". IslamiMehfil. 2008-01-07. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
Bibliography
[edit]- O'Fahey, Rex S. (1994) Enigmatic Saint, Ahmad Ibn Idris and the Idrisi Tradition, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois by arrangement with C. Hurst and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., London. ISBN 0-8101-0910-7
- Thomassen, Einar & Radtke, Bernd, (eds.) (1993) The Letters of Ahmad ibn Idris. London: Christopher Hurst. A collective volume containing the texts and translations of 35 letters to and from Ibn Idris. The contributors are Albrecht Hofheinz, Ali Salih Karrar, R.S. O’Fahey, B. Radtke & Einar Thomassen. Published by Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Illinois by arrangement with C. Hurst and Co. (Publishers) Ltd., London. ISBN 978-0-8101-1070-0
- Sedgwick, Mark, Saints and Sons: The Making and Remaking of the Rashidi Ahmadi Sufi Order, 1799-2000, Leiden: Brill, 2005.
- Hidigh, Uthman, Anīs al-jalīs fī tarjamat sayyidī Ahmad ibn Idrīs, Mogadishu, n.d., pp. 112–124.
- Dajani, Samer, Reassurance for the Seeker: A Biography and Translation of Salih al-Ja'fari's al-Fawa'id al-Ja'fariyya, a Commentary on Forty Prophetic Traditions, Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2013.
- "The Path". العلم النافع Beneficialilm.com. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014.
