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{{main|History of television}}
{{main|History of television}}


Television was first officially introduced to Thailand on 24 June 1955 in NTSC.<ref name=":0" /> One of the first broadcasters of television were the [[MCOT|Mass Communication Organization of Thailand]], which was established on 10 November 1952. In the first few years, viewership was low before gradually climbing to 2000 in 1957. Later on in 1955, the Radio Communications Act, B.E. 2498 was passed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=เมื่อเริ่มกิจการโทรทัศน์ในประเทศไทย จากบล็อก โอเคเนชั่น oknation.net |url=http://oknation.nationtv.tv/blog/print.php?id=246355 |access-date=2023-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804074617/http://oknation.nationtv.tv/blog/print.php?id=246355 |archive-date=4 August 2020 }}</ref> Colour telecast then started in 1967 before in 1975 full-time colour transmissions began.
Television was first officially introduced to Thailand on 24 June 1955 in NTSC.<ref name=":0" /> One of the first broadcasters of television were the [[MCOT|Mass Communication Organization of Thailand]], which was established on 10 November 1952. In the first few years, viewership was low before gradually climbing to 2000 in 1957. Later on in 1955, the Radio Communications Act, B.E. 2498 was passed.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=เมื่อเริ่มกิจการโทรทัศน์ในประเทศไทย จากบล็อก โอเคเนชั่น oknation.net |url=http://oknation.nationtv.tv/blog/print.php?id=246355 |access-date=2023-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804074617/http://oknation.nationtv.tv/blog/print.php?id=246355 |archive-date=4 August 2020 }}</ref>

Television had become the largest advertising medium in Thailand by 1959, with only two stations in Bangkok serving 35,000 television sets in a population of nine million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-BC/BC-1959/1959-11-09-BC.pdf |title=Broadcasting |date=9 November 1959 |accessdate=18 April 2024 |page=106}}</ref> As of 1967, Thailand had the third highest number of television sets in Southeast Asia, with little more than 250,000 sets available.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldradiohistory.com/Archive-TV-Radio-Age/60s/68/Television-Radio-Age-1968-01-01.pdf |title=Television and Radio Age |date=1 January 1968 |accessdate=18 April 2024 |page=58}}</ref> Colour telecast then started in 1967 before in 1975 full-time colour transmissions began.


== Television providers ==
== Television providers ==
Line 58: Line 63:


== Analog terrestrial television ==
== Analog terrestrial television ==
This is currently the traditional way of receiving television in Thailand, however it has now largely been supplanted by digital providers. There are 6 channels; three of them are government public-owned by [[MCOT]] the 2 television channels terrestrial free-to-air [[Modernine TV]] and [[Channel 3 (Thailand)|Channel 3]]; [[Channel 5 (Thailand)|Channel 5]] and [[Channel 7 (Thailand)|BBTV Channel 7]] are owned by [[Royal Thai Army]]; [[National Broadcasting Services of Thailand|NBT]] and [[Thai PBS]] are fully government-owned. Analog terrestrial transmissions were scheduled to be switched off in phases as part of the digital switchover, which was expected to be completed in [[Digital television transition#Timeline for the digital switchover|2020]] in line with ASEAN recommendations, however, the changeover has yet to come into effect.
This is currently the traditional way of receiving television in Thailand, however it has now largely been supplanted by digital providers. There are 6 channels; three of them are government public-owned by [[MCOT]] the 2 television channels terrestrial free-to-air [[Modernine TV]] and [[Channel 3 (Thailand)|Channel 3]]; [[Channel 5 (Thailand)|Channel 5]] and [[Channel 7 (Thailand)|BBTV Channel 7]] are owned by [[Royal Thai Army]]; [[National Broadcasting Services of Thailand|NBT]] and [[Thai PBS]] are fully government-owned. [[List of analog television stations in Thailand|Analog terrestrial transmissions]] were switched off in phases as part of the digital switchover, which was completed in [[Digital television transition#Timeline for the digital switchover|2020]] in line with ASEAN recommendations.


Provincial television was discontinued in 1988, replaced by NBT, which has two hours of local programming in each of the provinces.
Independently run Provincial Public Relations Department Television Services were discontinued in 1988 when National NBT TV feed from Bangkok, which also operated by Public Relations Department, became available to those provincial studios. Since then, local programming has been given a two hour timeslot each day in the schedule.


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Name
!Network
!Owner
!Owner
!Operater
!Launch date
!Launch date
!Channel ([[Bangkok|BKK Analog]])
!Channel (Analog TV - Bangkok Transmitter)
!Channel ([[Digital television in Thailand|Digital]])
!Channel - LCN ([[Digital television in Thailand|Digital]])
!Broadcasting area
!Broadcasting area
!Transmitted area
!Transmitted area
!Broadcasting hours
!Broadcasting hours
!Formerly known as
!Formerly known as
!End Analog ([[UTC+07:00]])
!Analog TV Service Ended ([[UTC+07:00]])
|-
|-
|[[Channel 3 (Thailand)|Channel 3]]
|[[Channel 3 (Thailand)|Channel 3]]
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|[[BEC World|Bangkok Entertainment Co., Ltd.]]<br/>[[MCOT]]
|[[BEC World|Bangkok Entertainment Co., Ltd.]]<br/>[[MCOT]]
|26 March 1970
|26 March 1970
|3 ([[VHF]])<br/>32 ([[UHF]])
|3 ([[VHF]])(1970-2008) <br/>32 ([[UHF]]) (2006-2020)
|33 ([[HDTV]])<ref>Note - Digital TV Station, but owner by BEC Multimedia Company Limited and Launch date on 25 April 2014 on 16:00 ([[UTC+7|Thailand Standard Time]])</ref>
|33 ([[HDTV]])<ref>Note - Digital TV Station, owned by BEC Multimedia Company Limited and Launched on 25 April 2014 on 16:00 ([[UTC+7|Thailand Standard Time]])</ref>
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|Bangkok
|Bangkok
Line 155: Line 160:
In December 2013, the [[National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission]] (NBTC) set up series of auction for DTTV. Four types of licenses are offered: High-Def. channel license, Standard-Def. channel license, News channel license and Youth/Family channel license. All the major operators and content owners in the industry won the bid for new licenses e.g. BEC World, Bangkok Broadcasting & T.V., GMM Grammy, Thairath Newspaper, Nation Multimedia Group, TrueVisions etc. According to the license condition, DTTV services launched since April 2014.
In December 2013, the [[National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission]] (NBTC) set up series of auction for DTTV. Four types of licenses are offered: High-Def. channel license, Standard-Def. channel license, News channel license and Youth/Family channel license. All the major operators and content owners in the industry won the bid for new licenses e.g. BEC World, Bangkok Broadcasting & T.V., GMM Grammy, Thairath Newspaper, Nation Multimedia Group, TrueVisions etc. According to the license condition, DTTV services launched since April 2014.


===[[Bangkok]] [[public broadcasting|public]]/[[state media]] [[terrestrial television|terrestrial channels]]===
==Bangkok public/state media terrestrial channels==
[[Bangkok]] [[public broadcasting|public]]/[[state media]] [[free-to-air|free-to-air stations]] include:
[[Bangkok]] [[public broadcasting|public]]/[[state media]] [[free-to-air|free-to-air stations]] include:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 167: Line 172:
|-
|-
|[[Bangkok]] [[National Broadcasting Services of Thailand|NBT Digital 2HD]]
|[[Bangkok]] [[National Broadcasting Services of Thailand|NBT Digital 2HD]]
|[[Government of Thailand|The Government Public Relations Department of the Prime Minister's Office]]
|[[Bangkok]] [[Government of Thailand|The Government Public Relations Department of the Prime Minister's Office]]
|2 ([[HDTV]])
|2 ([[HDTV]])
|PRD MUX1
|PRD MUX1
|CH26 (514&nbsp;MHz)
|CH26 (514MHz)
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|[[Bangkok]] [[Thai Public Broadcasting Service|Thai PBS]]
|[[Thai Public Broadcasting Service]]
|3 ([[HDTV]])
|TPBS MUX4
|CH44 (658&nbsp;MHz)
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|-
|[[Bangkok]] [[Channel 5 (Thailand)|TV 5 HD]]
|[[Bangkok]] [[Channel 5 (Thailand)|TV 5 HD]]
|[[Royal Thai Army|The Royal Thai Army]]
|[[Bangkok]] [[Royal Thai Army]]
|5 ([[HDTV]])
|5 ([[HDTV]])
|RTA2 MUX2
|RTA2 MUX2
|CH36 (594&nbsp;MHz)
|CH36 (594MHz)
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|-
|[[Bangkok]] [[MCOT HD]]
|[[Bangkok]] [[MCOT HD]]
|[[MCOT]]
|[[Bangkok]] [[MCOT]]
|30 ([[HDTV]])
|30 ([[HDTV]])
|MCOT MUX3
|MCOT MUX3
|CH40 (626&nbsp;MHz)
|CH40 (626MHz)
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
Line 202: Line 199:
|35 ([[HDTV]])
|35 ([[HDTV]])
|RTA2 MUX2
|RTA2 MUX2
|CH36 (594&nbsp;MHz)
|CH36 (594MHz)
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
|[[Bangkok]]
Line 309: Line 306:
[[Category:Television in Thailand| ]]
[[Category:Television in Thailand| ]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Thailand]]
[[Category:1955 establishments in Thailand]]
[[Category:Television by country|Thailand]]

Revision as of 04:52, 20 July 2024

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In Thailand, television broadcasting started on 24 June, 1955 (in NTSC).[1] Color telecasts (PAL, System B/G 625 lines) were started in 1967, and full-time color transmissions were launched in 1975. As of November 2020, there are currently 21 digital (DVB-T2) TV channels in Thailand.

History

Main article: History of television

Television was first officially introduced to Thailand on 24 June 1955 in NTSC.[1] One of the first broadcasters of television were the Mass Communication Organization of Thailand, which was established on 10 November 1952. In the first few years, viewership was low before gradually climbing to 2000 in 1957. Later on in 1955, the Radio Communications Act, B.E. 2498 was passed.[2]

Television had become the largest advertising medium in Thailand by 1959, with only two stations in Bangkok serving 35,000 television sets in a population of nine million.[3] As of 1967, Thailand had the third highest number of television sets in Southeast Asia, with little more than 250,000 sets available.[4] Colour telecast then started in 1967 before in 1975 full-time colour transmissions began.

Television providers

Subscription providers are available, with differences in the number of channels, capabilities such as the program guide (EPG), video on demand (VOD), high-definition (HD), interactive television via the red button, and coverage across Thailand. Set-top boxes are generally used to receive these services.

Provider Type of service No. broadcast channels VOD HD Red button Still Operate? Transmission
Digital terrestrial Free-to-air 36 Yes Yes Yes Yes Digital terrestrial television
TrueVisions Free and Pay TV Around 200 (TV and radio) Yes Yes Yes Yes Digital satellite, Cable television and IPTV
AIS Play Free and Pay TV Around 100 Yes Yes Yes Yes IPTV
GMM Z Free (Previously include Pay TV) Around 150 Yes Yes Yes Yes Digital satellite and IPTV
PSI Free (Previously include Pay TV) Around 150 (C-band)/100 (KU-band) No Yes Yes Yes Digital satellite
IPM Free Around 100 No Yes Yes Yes Digital Satellite
Good TV Free and Pay TV Around 100 (Including 11 Paid Channels) No Yes Yes Yes Digital Satellite

Analog terrestrial television

This is currently the traditional way of receiving television in Thailand, however it has now largely been supplanted by digital providers. There are 6 channels; three of them are government public-owned by MCOT the 2 television channels terrestrial free-to-air Modernine TV and Channel 3; Channel 5 and BBTV Channel 7 are owned by Royal Thai Army; NBT and Thai PBS are fully government-owned. Analog terrestrial transmissions were switched off in phases as part of the digital switchover, which was completed in 2020 in line with ASEAN recommendations.

Independently run Provincial Public Relations Department Television Services were discontinued in 1988 when National NBT TV feed from Bangkok, which also operated by Public Relations Department, became available to those provincial studios. Since then, local programming has been given a two hour timeslot each day in the schedule.

Name Owner Operater Launch date Channel (Analog TV - Bangkok Transmitter) Channel - LCN (Digital) Broadcasting area Transmitted area Broadcasting hours Formerly known as Analog TV Service Ended (UTC+07:00)
Channel 3 Bangkok Entertainment Co., Ltd. Bangkok Entertainment Co., Ltd.
MCOT 		26 March 1970 3 (VHF)(1970-2008)
32 (UHF) (2006-2020) 		33 (HDTV)[5] Bangkok Bangkok 24 hours 26 March 2020 (00:01)[6][7]
Channel 5 Royal Thai Army Radio and Television Royal Thai Army 25 January 1958 5 (VHF) 5 (HDTV) Bangkok Bangkok 5:00 a.m. – Midnight (Next Day) HSATV (Channel 7) 21 June 2018 (09:29)[8]
Channel 7 Bangkok Broadcasting & T.V. Company Limited (BBTV) Bangkok Broadcasting & T.V. Company Limited (BBTV)
Royal Thai Army 		27 November 1967 7 (VHF) 35 (HDTV) Bangkok Bangkok 24 hours 17 June 2018 (00:00)[9]
Modernine TV MCOT MCOT 24 June 1955 9 (VHF) 30 (HDTV) Bangkok Bangkok 24 hours TTV Channel 4, TTV Channel 9, MCOT Channel 9 and Modernine TV 16 July 2018 (18:30)[10]
NBT NBT The Government Public Relations Department of the Prime Minister's Office 11 July 1988 11 (VHF) 2 (HDTV) Bangkok Bangkok 5:00 a.m. - Midnight (End of day) TVT 11 or TV (Channel) 11 16 July 2018 (00:00)[11]
Thai PBS Thai PBS Thai Public Broadcasting Service 1 July 1996 29 (UHF) 3 (HDTV) Bangkok Bangkok 5:00 a.m. – 1:00 a.m. (Next Day) ITV, TITV, TPBS, TV Thai 16 June 2018 (00:00)[12][13][14]

Digital terrestrial television

Main article: Digital television in Thailand

In 2005, the Ministry of Information announced their plan to digitalize nationwide free-to-air TV broadcasts led by MCOT. Trial broadcasts were undertaken, involving one thousand households in Bangkok from December 2000 till May 2001. In December 2013, the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) set up series of auction for DTTV. Four types of licenses are offered: High-Def. channel license, Standard-Def. channel license, News channel license and Youth/Family channel license. All the major operators and content owners in the industry won the bid for new licenses e.g. BEC World, Bangkok Broadcasting & T.V., GMM Grammy, Thairath Newspaper, Nation Multimedia Group, TrueVisions etc. According to the license condition, DTTV services launched since April 2014.

Bangkok public/state media terrestrial channels

Bangkok public/state media free-to-air stations include:

Name Owner Channel (Bangkok) MUX Frequency (Bangkok) Broadcasting area Transmitted area
Bangkok NBT Digital 2HD Bangkok The Government Public Relations Department of the Prime Minister's Office 2 (HDTV) PRD MUX1 CH26 (514MHz) Bangkok Bangkok
Bangkok TV 5 HD Bangkok Royal Thai Army 5 (HDTV) RTA2 MUX2 CH36 (594MHz) Bangkok Bangkok
Bangkok MCOT HD Bangkok MCOT 30 (HDTV) MCOT MUX3 CH40 (626MHz) Bangkok Bangkok
Bangkok 7 HD Bangkok Broadcasting Television Co., Ltd. 35 (HDTV) RTA2 MUX2 CH36 (594MHz) Bangkok Bangkok

Cable television

All national cable TVs in Thailand must accept by MCOT, The first provider is International Broadcasting Corporation (IBC) in 1989, next one is Thai Sky TV in 1991 (but off-air in 1997). Universal Television Cable Network (UTV) is the third provider in 1993. But after Asian financial crisis, UTV merged with IBC in 1998, changed its name to United Broadcasting Corporation or UBC (TrueVisions in present) and became a monopoly provider.[citation needed]

IP television (IPTV)

In contrast to Internet TV, IPTV refers to services operated and controlled by a single company, who may also control the 'Final Mile' to the consumers' premises.

Mobile television

True Move provide mobile television services for reception on third generation mobile phones. They consist of a mixture of regular channels as well as made for mobile channels with looped content. True Move H TV now offers more than 20 channels to True-H 3G subscribers who own compatible mobile phones. Yet, True is expected to roll out broadcast mobile TV services based on DVB-H in the near future.

Internet television

Television received via the Internet may be free, subscription or pay-per-view, multicast, unicast, or peer-to-peer, streamed or downloaded, and use a variety of distribution technologies. Playback is normally via a computer and broadband Internet connection, although digital media receivers or media centre computers can be used for playback on televisions, such as a computer equipped with Windows Media Center.

Popularity of terrestrial TV stations

The audience share achieved by each terrestrial channel in Thailand is shown in the first table below. The second table shows the share each channel receives of total TV advertising spending. Channel 7 is both the most popular and most commercially successful station with just under 50% of the total audience followed by Channel 3 at just under 30%. The other terrestrial stations share the remaining 20% of the TV audience between them.[15]

Audience Share:[15]

TV Station (Operator) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1H[16]
Channel 7 42.4 41.3 42.0 44.7 45.4 43.8 47.5
Channel 3 24.5 25.6 29.5 26.8 27.7 29.5 29.0
Channel 5 8.1 7.3 6.7 7.6 8.6 8.0 6.9
Modernine TV 10.3 10.2 9.2 9.6 9.9 9.7 9.2
NBT 2.9 3.0 2.4 4.9 3.4 3.4 2.4
Thai PBS (Values shown for 2005 - 2007 is for iTV and TITV) 11.8 12.6 10.2 6.1 4.9 5.6 5.0

Market Share - Share of total TV advertising spending:[15]

TV Station (Operator) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1H[16]
Channel 7 28.0 27.4 27.7 31.0 28.0 31.0 31.7
Channel 3 20.8 22.2 22.5 28.0 28.0 27.0 27.0
Channel 5 16.5 16.0 15.9 20.0 20.0 18.0 17.7
Modernine TV 13.9 14.4 14.5 17.0 19.0 20.0 20.0
NBT 2.3 2.8 2.6 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.6
Thai PBS 18.5 17.3 16.9 0 0 0 0

Audience Share (2022):

Position Channel Share of total viewing (%)
1 Channel 7 15.6
2 Channel 3 10.8
3 Mono 29 9.1
4 Workpoint TV 6.5
5 One 31 6.3
6 Thairath TV 6.0
7 Amarin TV 5.3
8 Channel 8 3.8
9 PPTV 36 2.5
10 True4U 1.9
11 MCOT 1.8
12 GMM 25 1.6
13 TV 5 1.5
14 Thai PBS 1.4
15 NBT 0.8
16 TNN16 0.6

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Is TV Still Relevant To Thais?". The ASEAN Post. 29 December 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  2. ^ "เมื่อเริ่มกิจการโทรทัศน์ในประเทศไทย จากบล็อก โอเคเนชั่น oknation.net". 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  3. ^ "Broadcasting" (PDF). 9 November 1959. p. 106. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Television and Radio Age" (PDF). 1 January 1968. p. 58. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  5. ^ Note - Digital TV Station, owned by BEC Multimedia Company Limited and Launched on 25 April 2014 on 16:00 (Thailand Standard Time)
  6. ^ “26 มี.ค. 63” ดีเดย์ช่อง 3 ยุติอนาล็อก พร้อมเผยแผน Next Move 2020 posted by Jenpasit Puprasert Yarmfaojor page
  7. ^ Last TV Analog in Thailand 🇹🇭 posted by bundit konroo YouTube page
  8. ^ Video of Channel 5 analogue switchoff posted by the Broadcast.Engineering.NBTC Facebook page
  9. ^ ช่อง 7 ยุติการออกอากาศระบบแอนะล็อก posted by JRK YT YouTube page
  10. ^ ช่อง MCOT ยุติทีวีอนาล็อก 16/7/2561 posted by DorRorSor YouTube page
  11. ^ ช่อง NBT ยุติทีวีอนาล็อก 16/7/2561 posted by DorRorSor YouTube page
  12. ^ ThaiPBS (Analog) - Technical Difficulties (15th June 2018) posted by Watty Tyanmy YouTube page
  13. ^ ETC - การเปิดเครื่องส่งแอนะล็อกอีกครั้ง 2:00 หลังจากที่ปิดไปเมื่อ 0:00 16 มิถุนายน 2561 posted by ezybzy YouTube page
  14. ^ Video of Thai PBS analogue switchoff posted by the Broadcast.Engineering.NBTC Facebook page
  15. ^ a b c "Analyst Briefing Presentation" (PDF). MCOT. 2 March 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  16. ^ a b "Analyst Briefing 2Q" (PDF). MCOT. 16 August 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
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