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Coordinates: 9°14′N 12°28′E / 9.23°N 12.46°E / 9.23; 12.46
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{{Short description|Capital city of Adamawa State, Nigeria}}
{{Short description|Capital city of Adamawa State, Nigeria}}
{{Use Nigerian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Nigerian English|date=January 2023}}
</noinclude>{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Yola
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Yola
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| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_total_km2 = 831 <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_total_km2 = 118 <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| population_as_of = 2006 census
| population_as_of = 2006 census
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| area_code =
| area_code =
| blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]
| blank_info = ''[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]''
| website =
| website =
| name =
| name =
}}
}}
'''Yola''' ([[Fula language|Fulfulde]]: Ƴoola), meaning 'Great Plain' or 'Vast Plain Land', is the largest city, capital city and administrative center of [[Adamawa State]], [[Nigeria]]. It is located on the [[Benue River]], and it has a population of 336,648 (2010).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-03-31|title=Yola {{!}} Hometown.ng™|url=https://hometown.ng/listing-item/yola/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><!--contradicts ibox, which gives a higher population 4 y earlier in a country with a rapidly increasing population --> Yola is split into two parts. The old town of Yola where the [[Lamido]] resides is the traditional city but the new city of [[Jimeta]] (about 5&nbsp;km NW) is the administrative and commercial centre. Generally the term Yola is now used to mean both.
'''Yola''' ([[Fula language|Fulfulde]]: Ƴola), meaning 'Great Plain' or 'Vast Plain Land', is the capital city and administrative centre of [[Adamawa State]], [[Nigeria]]. It is located on the [[Benue River]], and has a population of over 336,648 (2010).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2018-03-31|title=Yola {{!}} Hometown.ng|url=https://hometown.ng/listing-item/yola/|access-date=2021-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref><!--contradicts ibox, which gives a higher population 4 y earlier in a country with a rapidly increasing population --> Yola is split into two parts. The old town of Yola where the ''[[Lamido]]'' of Adamawa resides, is the traditional city and the new city of [[Jimeta]] (about {{Cvt|5|km|mi|0|disp=or}} NW) is the administrative and commercial centre.


To the north are the [[Mandara Mountains]] and to the south are the [[Shebshi Mountains]] which [[Mount Dimlang]] (Vogel Peak) is part of.
To the north are the [[Mandara Mountains]] and to the south are the [[Shebshi Mountains]] and [[Mount Dimlang]] (Vogel Peak) .


Yola is an access point to the [[Gashaka Gumti National Park|Gashaka Gumpti Nature Reserve]], which is the largest national park in Nigeria, the [[Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve|Ngel Nyaki montane forest reserve]], the [[Mambilla Plateau]], the [[Sukur|Sukur UNESCO World Heritage Site]], which is Africa's first cultural landscape to receive World Heritage List inscription,<ref name="BrownMitchell2005">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Jessica|last2=Mitchell|first2=Nora J.|last3=Beresford|first3=Michael|title=The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture, And Community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18iV522zLj0C&pg=PA43|access-date=15 April 2013|year=2005|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-0797-6|pages=43–}}</ref> the Yadin Waterfalls, the [[Kiri Dam]] on the [[Gongola River]], the Benue national park in nearby [[Cameroon]], the [[Waza National Park]], and the Cameroonian town of [[Garoua]], which lies across the [[Cameroon–Nigeria border|border]], on the Benue river.
Yola is an access point to the [[Gashaka Gumti National Park|Gashaka Gumpti Nature Reserve]], which is one of the largest national park in Nigeria, the [[Ngel Nyaki Forest Reserve|Ngel Nyaki montane forest reserve]], the [[Mambilla Plateau]], the [[Sukur|Sukur UNESCO World Heritage Site]], which is Africa's first cultural landscape to receive World Heritage List inscription,<ref name="BrownMitchell2005">{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Jessica|last2=Mitchell|first2=Nora J.|last3=Beresford|first3=Michael|title=The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture, And Community|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18iV522zLj0C&pg=PA43|access-date=15 April 2013|year=2005|publisher=IUCN|isbn=978-2-8317-0797-6|pages=43–}}</ref> the Yadin Waterfalls, the [[Kiri Dam]] on the [[Gongola River]], the Benue national park in nearby [[Cameroon]], the [[Waza National Park]], and the Cameroonian town of [[Garoua]], which lies across the [[Cameroon–Nigeria border|border]], on the Benue river.


==History==
== History ==
{{Main|Adamawa Emirate}}
{{Main|Adamawa Emirate}}
It is established in 1841, Yola is a municipality that sprawls across the hillside of this North-Eastern region of Nigeria. It was the capital of a [[Fulani]] state until it was taken over by the [[United Kingdom|British]] in 1901. Today, it is the capital of Adamawa State, which was formed in 1991 from part of [[Gongola State]]. [[Modibbo Adama]], a local chief of the Fulani, founded Yola in 1841. During the Islamic movement led by [[Usman dan Fodio|Shehu Usman Dan Fodio]] in the early 19th Century, [[Modibbo Adama]] was recognised as a learned Muslim who could lead the people in the Upper Benue area. Probably the first European to visit the area was [[Heinrich Barth]] in 1851, shortly after Yola was founded. He traveled by the [[Sahara]] route, coming through [[Kukawa]] near [[Lake Chad]], which at the time was the capital of the [[Borno Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kemper | first=Steve |year=2012 |title=Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/labyrinthofkingd0000kemp |url-access=limited | place=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton |isbn=978-0-393-07966-1 | page=[https://archive.org/details/labyrinthofkingd0000kemp/page/161 161] }}</ref>
It was established in 1841, Yola is a municipality that sprawls across the hillside of this North-Eastern region of Nigeria. It was the capital of a [[Fulani]] state until it was taken over by the [[United Kingdom|British]] in 1901. Today, it is the capital of Adamawa State, which was formed in 1991 from part of [[Gongola State]]. [[Modibbo Adama]], a local chief of the Fulani, founded Yola in 1841. During the Islamic movement led by [[Usman dan Fodio|Shehu Usman Dan Fodio]] in the early 19th century, [[Modibbo Adama]] was recognised as a Muslim Scholar who could lead the people in the Upper Benue area. The first European to visit the area was [[Heinrich Barth]] in 1851, shortly after Yola was founded. He traveled by the [[Sahara]] route, coming through [[Kukawa]] near [[Lake Chad]], which at the time was the capital of the [[Borno Empire]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kemper | first=Steve |year=2012 |title=Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/labyrinthofkingd0000kemp |url-access=limited | place=New York |publisher=W. W. Norton |isbn=978-0-393-07966-1 | page=[https://archive.org/details/labyrinthofkingd0000kemp/page/161 161] }}</ref>


Yola has [[Yola Airport|the first airport]] in Nigeria as well as first town to have electricity.
The state is serviced by the [[Yola Airport|Yola International Airport]] which is among the first airport buillt in Nigeria.


On 17 November 2015, a [[suicide attack|suicide]] [[improvised explosive device|bombing]] [[November 2015 Yola bombing|killed over 30 people]].<ref>[https://bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-34852971 Yola market explosion kills 30]</ref>
On 17 November 2015, a [[suicide attack|suicide]] [[improvised explosive device|bombing]] [[November 2015 Yola bombing|killed over 30 people]].<ref>[https://bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-34852971 Yola market explosion kills 30]</ref>


==Climate==
== Climate ==
[[File:Flooded sunrise in Yola.jpg|thumb|314x314px|Global warming has had a negative impact on climate and weather patterns as is visible here with the River Gongola flooding some households and farmlands in Yola.]]
[[File:Flooded sunrise in Yola.jpg|thumb|314x314px|Global warming has had a negative impact on climate and weather patterns as is visible here with the River Gongola flooding some households and farmlands in Yola.]]
Yola has a [[tropical savanna]] climate that borders on a hot [[semi-arid climate]] (''Aw'' bordering on ''BSh'' according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]) with a dry season and a wet season. The temperature is warm year-round, with August and September having the lowest average high at {{convert|31.3|C|F}} and December having the lowest average low at {{convert|16.9|C|F}}. March has the highest average high of {{convert|42.8|C|F}}, while April has the highest average low at {{convert|27.0|C|F}}. The highest temperatures occur in March and April, just before the wet season starts.


Yola has a [[tropical savanna]] climate that borders on a hot [[semi-arid climate]] (''Aw'' bordering on ''BSh'' according to the [[Köppen climate classification]]) with a dry season and wet season. The temperature is warm year-round, with August and September having the lowest average high at {{convert|31.3|C|F}} and December having the lowest average low at {{convert|16.9|C|F}}. March has the highest average high of {{convert|42.8|C|F}}, while April has the highest average low at {{convert|27.0|C|F}}. The highest temperatures occur in March and April, just before the wet season starts.
Yola receives {{convert|872.4|mm}} of precipitation annually on average. There is a wet season from May to October and a dry season for the rest of the year. The dry season, especially from February to April, has higher daytime temperatures and can have lower nighttime lows. The dry season also has a higher [[diurnal temperature variation]]. August is the wet month, receiving {{convert|196.1|mm}} of rain on average over 16 precipitation days. No precipitation falls from December to February. Humidity is low in the dry season, dropping to just 13.5% in February, but it can get quite humid during the wet season, especially from July to September. Yola receives 2845.5 hours of sunshine annually, which is well-distributed throughout the year, with November having the most sunshine and August having the least.

Yola receives {{convert|872.4|mm|abbr=on}} of precipitation annually on average. There is a wet season from May to October and a dry season for the rest of the year. The dry season, especially from February to April, has higher daytime temperatures and can have lower nighttime lows. The dry season also has a higher [[diurnal temperature variation]]. August is the wet month, receiving {{convert|196.1|mm|abbr=on}} of rain on average over 16 precipitation days. No precipitation falls from December to February. Humidity is low in the dry season, dropping to just 13.5% in February, but it can get quite humid during the wet season, especially from July to September. Yola receives 2,845.5 hours of sunshine annually, which is well-distributed throughout the year, with November having the most sunshine and August having the least.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yola Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/71686/Average-Weather-in-Yola-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-09-29 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Clouds ===

Yola's cloud cover varies significantly throughout the year; clearer months last 4.6 months, while partly overcast months last 7.4 months. The clearest month is January, with 53% of the sky being either mostly clear or clear with 78% of the sky being clouded or overcast, May is the cloudiest month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yola Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark |url=https://weatherspark.com/y/71686/Average-Weather-in-Yola-Nigeria-Year-Round |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=weatherspark.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Yola Annual Weather Averages |url=https://www.worldweatheronline.com/yola-weather/adamawa/ng.aspx |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=WorldWeatherOnline.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Yola, Adamawa, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data |url=https://tcktcktck.org/nigeria/adamawa/yola |access-date=2023-08-08 |website=tcktcktck.org}}</ref>

==== Rainfall ====
Yola's monthly rainfall varies greatly according to the season, with a 7.3-month rainy season ranging from March 27 to November 7 and averaging 0.5 inches. The heaviest rain falls in August, with an average of 6.5 inches. The duration of the dry spell is 4.6 months, with January recording the lowest average rainfall of 0.0 inches.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />


{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| width = auto
|location = Yola, Nigeria (1981–2010)
| metric first = yes
|single line = Yes
| single line = yes
|metric first = Yes
| location = Yola (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 34.4
|Feb high C = 37.1
| Jan record high C = 42.3
|Mar high C = 42.8
| Feb record high C = 44
|Apr high C = 39.8
| Mar record high C = 45.4
|May high C = 36.4
| Apr record high C = 46.5
|Jun high C = 33.7
| May record high C = 43
|Jul high C = 31.9
| Jun record high C = 39
|Aug high C = 31.3
| Jul record high C = 37.7
|Sep high C = 31.3
| Aug record high C = 35
|Oct high C = 33.4
| Sep record high C = 38
|Nov high C = 35.3
| Oct record high C = 39.5
|Dec high C = 34.5
| Nov record high C = 40.6
|year high C = 34.9
| Dec record high C = 40.6
|Jan low C = 17.6
| year record high C = 46.5

|Feb low C = 20.8
|Mar low C = 24.7
| Jan high C = 34.5
|Apr low C = 27.0
| Feb high C = 37.3
|May low C = 25.7
| Mar high C = 40.0
|Jun low C = 24.1
| Apr high C = 39.7
|Jul low C = 23.3
| May high C = 36.3
|Aug low C = 23.0
| Jun high C = 33.3
|Sep low C = 22.9
| Jul high C = 31.6
|Oct low C = 22.8
| Aug high C = 30.8
|Nov low C = 18.7
| Sep high C = 31.4
|Dec low C = 16.9
| Oct high C = 33.5
|year low C = 22.3
| Nov high C = 36.2
| Dec high C = 35.0
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 0.0
| year high C = 35.0

|Feb rain mm = 0.0
|Mar rain mm = 4.3
| Jan mean C = 26.3
|Apr rain mm = 42.8
| Feb mean C = 29.3
|May rain mm = 94.4
| Mar mean C = 32.6
|Jun rain mm = 128.1
| Apr mean C = 33.6
|Jul rain mm = 184.0
| May mean C = 31.1
|Aug rain mm = 196.1
| Jun mean C = 28.8
|Sep rain mm = 168.0
| Jul mean C = 27.6
|Oct rain mm = 54.2
| Aug mean C = 27.1
|Nov rain mm = 0.5
| Sep mean C = 27.3
|Dec rain mm = 0.0
| Oct mean C = 28.4
|year rain mm = 872.4
| Nov mean C = 28.1
|unit rain days = 0.2 mm
| Dec mean C = 26.3
|Jan rain days = 0
| year mean C = 28.9

|Feb rain days = 0
|Mar rain days = 1
| Jan low C = 18.1
|Apr rain days = 4
| Feb low C = 21.4
|May rain days = 9
| Mar low C = 25.2
|Jun rain days = 11
| Apr low C = 27.4
|Jul rain days = 12
| May low C = 25.9
|Aug rain days = 16
| Jun low C = 24.3
|Sep rain days = 13
| Jul low C = 23.7
|Oct rain days = 6
| Aug low C = 23.3
|Nov rain days = 0
| Sep low C = 23.2
|Dec rain days = 0
| Oct low C = 23.4
|year rain days = 72
| Nov low C = 20.1
| Dec low C = 17.6
|time day = 15:00 [[Standard time|LST]]
|Jan humidity = 16.5
| year low C = 22.8

|Feb humidity = 13.5
| Jan record low C = 10
|Mar humidity = 17.5
| Feb record low C = 14
|Apr humidity = 29.8
| Mar record low C = 19
|May humidity = 46.0
| Apr record low C = 19
|Jun humidity = 58.0
| May record low C = 20
|Jul humidity = 66.8
|Aug humidity = 69.1
| Jun record low C = 18.7
|Sep humidity = 68.3
| Jul record low C = 17.1
|Oct humidity = 54.3
| Aug record low C = 17.8
|Nov humidity = 26.6
| Sep record low C = 17.7
|Dec humidity = 19.5
| Oct record low C = 18.8
| Nov record low C = 15
|year humidity = 40.5
| Dec record low C = 11.5
| year record low C = 10

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 0.1
| Feb precipitation mm = 0.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 2.3
| Apr precipitation mm = 35.5
| May precipitation mm = 94.5
| Jun precipitation mm = 138.8
| Jul precipitation mm = 159.7
| Aug precipitation mm = 196.2
| Sep precipitation mm = 189.4
| Oct precipitation mm = 67.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 0.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 0.5
| year precipitation mm = 886.1

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 0.1
| Feb precipitation days = 0.1
| Mar precipitation days = 0.4
| Apr precipitation days = 3.2
| May precipitation days = 7.2
| Jun precipitation days = 9.7
| Jul precipitation days = 10.4
| Aug precipitation days = 12.4
| Sep precipitation days = 11.9
| Oct precipitation days = 5.2
| Nov precipitation days = 0.1
| Dec precipitation days = 0.0
| year precipitation days = 60.7

| Jan humidity = 25.4
| Feb humidity = 21.5
| Mar humidity = 29.6
| Apr humidity = 50.4
| May humidity = 65.9
| Jun humidity = 73.3
| Jul humidity = 80.4
| Aug humidity = 84.0
| Sep humidity = 82.3
| Oct humidity = 75.8
| Nov humidity = 52.7
| Dec humidity = 34.8
| year humidity = 56.3

|Jan sun = 254.2
|Jan sun = 254.2
|Feb sun = 229.6
|Feb sun = 229.6
Line 163: Line 218:
|Decd sun = 9.0
|Decd sun = 9.0
|yeard sun =
|yeard sun =

|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name = WMO >
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] (sunshine 1961–1990)<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Nigeria/CSV/Yola_65167.csv
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=2052
| title = World Weather Information Service – Yola
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Yola
| publisher= World Meteorological Organization
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 14 July 2016}}</ref>
|access-date = January 9, 2024}}</ref><ref name = NOAA>
|source 2 = NOAA (sun and relative humidity, 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65167.TXT
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65167.TXT
Line 177: Line 231:
}}
}}


==Infrastructure==
== Infrastructure ==
[[File:La Benoue à Yola.jpg|thumb|Bridge linking into Yola|324x324px]]
[[File:La Benoue à Yola.jpg|thumb|Bridge linking into Yola|324x324px]]
The nearby town of [[Jimeta]] has a market, zoo, an airport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=Yola Airport profile - Aviation Safety Network|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=YOL|access-date=2021-06-25|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> with direct flights to [[Saudi Arabia]], [[NiPost]] and NiTel offices as well as the main mosque and cathedral. Being a state capital, it is a major transport hub with buses and taxis heading north to Mubi and [[Maiduguri]], west to Numan, Gombe, jalingo and [[Bauchi]] and south to Makurdi and Katsina Ala. Taxis are available to [[Garoua]] in [[Cameroon]]. There is [[Yola Airport|an airport]] with regular flights to [[Abuja]] and [[Lagos]]. The town is home to various institutions of learning, such as the: [[American University of Nigeria]] (AUN) (which is Africa's first and only development university), Adamawa State Polytechnic, The [[Federal University of Technology Yola|Modibbo Adama University Yola]] (MAU) previously known as Federal University of Technology, Yola, located about 10&nbsp;km north of the city on the road to [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]], The Federal Government Girls College, Yola, AUN Academy (ABTI Academy), Aliyu Mustapha Academy, Chiroma Ahmad Academy, Ahmadu Ribadu College, MAUTECH university secondary school, Concordia College (which was nominated as the best post primary school of the year 2007 by the National Association of Nigerian Students). Yola also houses one of the six campuses of the [[Nigerian Law School|Nigerian Law school]] located beside the American University of Nigeria and many other educational institutions. Adamawa has one of the best depots in Nigeria, located about 5&nbsp;km west on the road to Numan. Tourist sites include: The Three sister hills in Song Local Government Area, which are three scenic rock formations standing side by side at different height with the middle one as the big sister. The former Njuwa lake fishing festival site which is now dried and developed into residential area. The Lamido's Palace and the Annual horse-riding [[Durbar festival|durbar,]]<nowiki/>originally a [[Fulbe]] settlement, the town is largely dominated by Fulbe, as well as people from other parts of the country and the neighboring country of [[Cameroon]].<ref name=":0" />
The nearby town of [[Jimeta]] has a market, zoo, an airport<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=Yola Airport profile - Aviation Safety Network|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/airport/airport.php?id=YOL|access-date=2021-06-25|website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref> with direct flights to [[Saudi Arabia]], [[NiPost]] and NiTel offices as well as the main mosque and cathedral. Being a state capital, it is a major transport hub with buses and taxis heading north to Mubi and [[Maiduguri]], west to Numan, Gombe, jalingo and [[Bauchi]] and south to Makurdi and Katsina Ala. Taxis are available to [[Garoua]] in [[Cameroon]]. There is [[Yola Airport|an airport]] with regular flights to [[Abuja]] and [[Lagos]]. The town is home to various institutions of learning, such as the: [[American University of Nigeria]] (AUN) (which is Africa's first and only development university), Adamawa State Polytechnic, The [[Federal University of Technology Yola|Modibbo Adama University Yola]] (MAU) previously known as Federal University of Technology, Yola, located about {{Cvt|10|km|mi|0}} north of the city on the road to [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]], The Federal Government Girls College, Yola, AUN Academy (ABTI Academy), Aliyu Mustapha Academy, Chiroma Ahmad Academy, Ahmadu Ribadu College, MAUTECH university secondary school, Concordia College (which was nominated as the best post-primary school for 2007 by the National Association of Nigerian Students). Yola also houses one of the six campuses of the [[Nigerian Law School|Nigerian Law school]] located beside the American University of Nigeria and many other educational institutions. Adamawa has one of the best depots in Nigeria, located about {{Cvt|5|km|mi|0}} west on the road to Numan. Tourist sites include: The Three sister hills in Song Local Government Area, which are three scenic rock formations standing side by side at different height with the middle one as the big sister. The former Njuwa lake fishing festival site which is now dried and developed into residential area. The Lamido's Palace and the Annual horse-riding [[Durbar festival|durbar]], originally a [[Fulbe]] settlement, the town is largely dominated by Fulbe, as well as people from other parts of the country and the neighboring country of [[Cameroon]].<ref name=":0" />


==See also==
== Notable people ==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their OWN article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
* [[Ahmadu Ribadu College]]
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->
* [[Adamawa State Polytechnic]]
* [[Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]]

* [[Atiku Abubakar]]
==Notable people==
* [[Mohammed Barkindo]]
* [[Mohammed Barkindo]]
* [[Aisha Buhari]]
* [[Aisha Buhari]]
* [[Atiku Abubakar]]
* [[Boni Haruna]]
* [[Boss Mustapha]]
* [[Panam Percy Paul]]
* [[Panam Percy Paul]]
* Teema Yola
* [[Nuhu Ribadu]]
* [[Nuhu Ribadu]]
* [[Boss Mustapha]]
* [[Alex Badeh]]

* [[Boni Haruna]]
== See also ==
* [[Ahmadu Ribadu College]]
* [[Adamawa State Polytechnic]]


==References==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


Latest revision as of 23:56, 16 July 2024

Yola
"Yola-Jimeta"
Yola is located in Nigeria
Yola
Yola
Location in Nigeria
Coordinates: 9°13′48″N 12°27′36″E / 9.23000°N 12.46000°E / 9.23000; 12.46000
Country Nigeria
StateAdamawa State
Area
 • Total118 km2 (46 sq mi)
Elevation
599 m (1,965 ft)
Population
 (2006 census)[1]
 • Total392,854
 • Density3,300/km2 (8,600/sq mi)
Ethnicity
 • Ethnic groupsFulani · Kilba · Kanuri
Time zoneGMT+1
ClimateAw

Yola (Fulfulde: Ƴola), meaning 'Great Plain' or 'Vast Plain Land', is the capital city and administrative centre of Adamawa State, Nigeria. It is located on the Benue River, and has a population of over 336,648 (2010).[2] Yola is split into two parts. The old town of Yola where the Lamido of Adamawa resides, is the traditional city and the new city of Jimeta (about 5 km or 3 mi NW) is the administrative and commercial centre.

To the north are the Mandara Mountains and to the south are the Shebshi Mountains and Mount Dimlang (Vogel Peak) .

Yola is an access point to the Gashaka Gumpti Nature Reserve, which is one of the largest national park in Nigeria, the Ngel Nyaki montane forest reserve, the Mambilla Plateau, the Sukur UNESCO World Heritage Site, which is Africa's first cultural landscape to receive World Heritage List inscription,[3] the Yadin Waterfalls, the Kiri Dam on the Gongola River, the Benue national park in nearby Cameroon, the Waza National Park, and the Cameroonian town of Garoua, which lies across the border, on the Benue river.

History

[edit]
Main article: Adamawa Emirate

It was established in 1841, Yola is a municipality that sprawls across the hillside of this North-Eastern region of Nigeria. It was the capital of a Fulani state until it was taken over by the British in 1901. Today, it is the capital of Adamawa State, which was formed in 1991 from part of Gongola State. Modibbo Adama, a local chief of the Fulani, founded Yola in 1841. During the Islamic movement led by Shehu Usman Dan Fodio in the early 19th century, Modibbo Adama was recognised as a Muslim Scholar who could lead the people in the Upper Benue area. The first European to visit the area was Heinrich Barth in 1851, shortly after Yola was founded. He traveled by the Sahara route, coming through Kukawa near Lake Chad, which at the time was the capital of the Borno Empire.[4]

The state is serviced by the Yola International Airport which is among the first airport buillt in Nigeria.

On 17 November 2015, a suicide bombing killed over 30 people.[5]

Climate

[edit]
Global warming has had a negative impact on climate and weather patterns as is visible here with the River Gongola flooding some households and farmlands in Yola.

Yola has a tropical savanna climate that borders on a hot semi-arid climate (Aw bordering on BSh according to the Köppen climate classification) with a dry season and wet season. The temperature is warm year-round, with August and September having the lowest average high at 31.3 °C (88.3 °F) and December having the lowest average low at 16.9 °C (62.4 °F). March has the highest average high of 42.8 °C (109.0 °F), while April has the highest average low at 27.0 °C (80.6 °F). The highest temperatures occur in March and April, just before the wet season starts.

Yola receives 872.4 mm (34.35 in) of precipitation annually on average. There is a wet season from May to October and a dry season for the rest of the year. The dry season, especially from February to April, has higher daytime temperatures and can have lower nighttime lows. The dry season also has a higher diurnal temperature variation. August is the wet month, receiving 196.1 mm (7.72 in) of rain on average over 16 precipitation days. No precipitation falls from December to February. Humidity is low in the dry season, dropping to just 13.5% in February, but it can get quite humid during the wet season, especially from July to September. Yola receives 2,845.5 hours of sunshine annually, which is well-distributed throughout the year, with November having the most sunshine and August having the least.[6]

Clouds

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Yola's cloud cover varies significantly throughout the year; clearer months last 4.6 months, while partly overcast months last 7.4 months. The clearest month is January, with 53% of the sky being either mostly clear or clear with 78% of the sky being clouded or overcast, May is the cloudiest month.[7][8][9]

Rainfall

[edit]

Yola's monthly rainfall varies greatly according to the season, with a 7.3-month rainy season ranging from March 27 to November 7 and averaging 0.5 inches. The heaviest rain falls in August, with an average of 6.5 inches. The duration of the dry spell is 4.6 months, with January recording the lowest average rainfall of 0.0 inches.[9][8]

Climate data for Yola (1991–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 42.3
(108.1) 		44
(111) 		45.4
(113.7) 		46.5
(115.7) 		43
(109) 		39
(102) 		37.7
(99.9) 		35
(95) 		38
(100) 		39.5
(103.1) 		40.6
(105.1) 		40.6
(105.1) 		46.5
(115.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 34.5
(94.1) 		37.3
(99.1) 		40.0
(104.0) 		39.7
(103.5) 		36.3
(97.3) 		33.3
(91.9) 		31.6
(88.9) 		30.8
(87.4) 		31.4
(88.5) 		33.5
(92.3) 		36.2
(97.2) 		35.0
(95.0) 		35.0
(95.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 26.3
(79.3) 		29.3
(84.7) 		32.6
(90.7) 		33.6
(92.5) 		31.1
(88.0) 		28.8
(83.8) 		27.6
(81.7) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.3
(81.1) 		28.4
(83.1) 		28.1
(82.6) 		26.3
(79.3) 		28.9
(84.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18.1
(64.6) 		21.4
(70.5) 		25.2
(77.4) 		27.4
(81.3) 		25.9
(78.6) 		24.3
(75.7) 		23.7
(74.7) 		23.3
(73.9) 		23.2
(73.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		20.1
(68.2) 		17.6
(63.7) 		22.8
(73.0)
Record low °C (°F) 10
(50) 		14
(57) 		19
(66) 		19
(66) 		20
(68) 		18.7
(65.7) 		17.1
(62.8) 		17.8
(64.0) 		17.7
(63.9) 		18.8
(65.8) 		15
(59) 		11.5
(52.7) 		10
(50)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 0.1
(0.00) 		0.2
(0.01) 		2.3
(0.09) 		35.5
(1.40) 		94.5
(3.72) 		138.8
(5.46) 		159.7
(6.29) 		196.2
(7.72) 		189.4
(7.46) 		67.9
(2.67) 		0.8
(0.03) 		0.5
(0.02) 		886.1
(34.89)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 0.1 0.1 0.4 3.2 7.2 9.7 10.4 12.4 11.9 5.2 0.1 0.0 60.7
Average relative humidity (%) 25.4 21.5 29.6 50.4 65.9 73.3 80.4 84.0 82.3 75.8 52.7 34.8 56.3
Mean monthly sunshine hours 254.2 229.6 232.5 228.0 244.9 228.0 201.5 195.3 207.0 263.5 282.0 279.0 2,845.5
Mean daily sunshine hours 8.2 8.2 7.5 7.6 7.9 7.6 6.5 6.3 6.9 8.5 9.4 9.0 7.8
Source: NOAA (sunshine 1961–1990)[10][11]

Infrastructure

[edit]
Bridge linking into Yola

The nearby town of Jimeta has a market, zoo, an airport[12] with direct flights to Saudi Arabia, NiPost and NiTel offices as well as the main mosque and cathedral. Being a state capital, it is a major transport hub with buses and taxis heading north to Mubi and Maiduguri, west to Numan, Gombe, jalingo and Bauchi and south to Makurdi and Katsina Ala. Taxis are available to Garoua in Cameroon. There is an airport with regular flights to Abuja and Lagos. The town is home to various institutions of learning, such as the: American University of Nigeria (AUN) (which is Africa's first and only development university), Adamawa State Polytechnic, The Modibbo Adama University Yola (MAU) previously known as Federal University of Technology, Yola, located about 10 km (6 mi) north of the city on the road to Mubi, The Federal Government Girls College, Yola, AUN Academy (ABTI Academy), Aliyu Mustapha Academy, Chiroma Ahmad Academy, Ahmadu Ribadu College, MAUTECH university secondary school, Concordia College (which was nominated as the best post-primary school for 2007 by the National Association of Nigerian Students). Yola also houses one of the six campuses of the Nigerian Law school located beside the American University of Nigeria and many other educational institutions. Adamawa has one of the best depots in Nigeria, located about 5 km (3 mi) west on the road to Numan. Tourist sites include: The Three sister hills in Song Local Government Area, which are three scenic rock formations standing side by side at different height with the middle one as the big sister. The former Njuwa lake fishing festival site which is now dried and developed into residential area. The Lamido's Palace and the Annual horse-riding durbar, originally a Fulbe settlement, the town is largely dominated by Fulbe, as well as people from other parts of the country and the neighboring country of Cameroon.[2]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA : 2006 Population Census" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Yola | Hometown.ng". 2018-03-31. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
  3. ^ Brown, Jessica; Mitchell, Nora J.; Beresford, Michael (2005). The Protected Landscape Approach: Linking Nature, Culture, And Community. IUCN. pp. 43–. ISBN 978-2-8317-0797-6. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
  4. ^ Kemper, Steve (2012). Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa. New York: W. W. Norton. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-393-07966-1.
  5. ^ Yola market explosion kills 30
  6. ^ "Yola Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
  7. ^ "Yola Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  8. ^ a b "Yola Annual Weather Averages". WorldWeatherOnline.com. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  9. ^ a b "Yola, Adamawa, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
  10. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Yola". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
  11. ^ "Yola Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  12. ^ Ranter, Harro. "Yola Airport profile - Aviation Safety Network". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2021-06-25.

9°14′N 12°28′E / 9.23°N 12.46°E / 9.23; 12.46

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