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{{Short description|German naturalist (1803–1873)}}
[[Image:Kaup Johann Jakob 1803-1873.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Johann Jakob Kaup.]]
[[Image:Kaup Johann Jakob 1803-1873.jpg|thumb|230px|right|Johann Jakob Kaup.]]
'''Johann Jakob von Kaup'''<ref>Watkins, M. & Boelens, B. (2015): Sharks: An Eponym Dictionary. pp. 219. Pelagic Publishing. {{ISBN|978-1-907807-93-0}}.</ref> (10 April 1803 – 4 July 1873) was a German naturalist. A proponent of [[natural philosophy]], he believed in an innate mathematical order in nature and he attempted biological classifications based on the [[Quinarian system]]. Kaup is also known for having coined popular prehistoric taxa like ''[[Pterosaur]]ia'', ''[[Machairodus]]'', ''[[Deinotherium]]'', ''[[Dorcatherium]]'', and ''[[Chalicotherium]]''.
'''Johann Jakob Kaup''' (April 10, 1803 - July 4, 1873) was a [[Germany|German]] naturalist.
[[File:KaupClassification.svg|thumb|Kaup's pentagram representing the structure of the crow family]]


==Biography==
He was born at [[Darmstadt]]. After studying at [[Göttingen]] and [[Heidelberg]] he spent two years at [[Leiden]], where his attention was specially devoted to the [[amphibia]]ns and [[fish]]es. He then returned to Darmstadt as an assistant in the grand ducal museum, of which in 1840 he became inspector. In 1829 he published ''Skizze zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der europäischen Thierwelt'', in which he regarded the animal world as developed from lower to higher forms, from the amphibians through the birds to the beasts of prey; but subsequently he repudiated this work as a youthful indiscretion, and on the publication of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]'s ''[[Origin of Species]]'' he declared himself against its doctrines. The extensive [[fossil]] deposits in the neighbourhood of Darmstadt gave him ample opportunities for [[paleontology|palaeontological]] inquiries, and he gained considerable reputation by his ''Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss der urweltlichen Säugethiere'' (1855–1862). He also wrote ''Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel'' (1844), and, with [[Heinrich Georg Bronn]], ''Die Gavial-artigen Reste aus dem Lias'' (1842–1844).
He was born at [[Darmstadt]]. After studying at [[Göttingen]] and [[Heidelberg]] he spent two years at [[Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie|Leiden]], where his attention was specially devoted to the [[amphibia]]ns and fishes. He then returned to Darmstadt as an assistant in the grand ducal museum, of which in 1840 he became inspector. In 1829 he published ''Skizze zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der europäischen Thierwelt'', in which he regarded the animal world as developed from lower to higher forms, from the amphibians through the birds to the beasts of prey; but subsequently he repudiated this work as a youthful indiscretion, and on the publication of [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]'s ''[[Origin of Species]]'' he declared himself against its doctrines. The extensive [[fossil]] deposits in the neighbourhood of Darmstadt gave him ample opportunities for [[paleontology|palaeontological]] inquiries, and he gained considerable reputation by his ''Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss der urweltlichen Säugethiere'' (1855–1862). He also wrote ''Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel'' (1844), and, with [[Heinrich Georg Bronn]], ''Die Gavial-artigen Reste aus dem Lias'' (1842–1844).{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} He was elected as a member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1862.<ref>{{Cite web|title=APS Member History|url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?year=1862;year-max=1862;smode=advanced;startDoc=1|access-date=2021-04-20|website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>


He died at Darmstadt.
He died at Darmstadt.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}


==Mastodon fossil==
A particularly important incident in the history of paleontology involves Kaup. In 1854 he bought the American mastodon found in 1799 in [[Orange County, New York]]. This is the mastodon immortalized in [[Charles Willson Peale]]'s painting of the 1801 excavation (painting executed between 1806 and 1808). This mastodon was on display for many years in Peale's Museum and is currently on display in Darmstadt, Germany<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Rediscovery of Peale's Mastodon|first=George |last=Gaylord Simpson and H. Tobien|journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society|volume=98|issue=4|year=1954}}</ref> This mastodon is the first complete example found in the United States, and may be only the second fossil animal ever mounted for display.
A particularly important incident in the history of paleontology involves Kaup. In 1854 he bought the American mastodon found in 1799 in [[Orange County, New York]]. This is the mastodon immortalized in [[Charles Willson Peale]]'s painting of the 1801 excavation (painting executed between 1806 and 1808). This mastodon was on display for many years in Peale's [[Peale's Philadelphia Museum|Philadelphia Museum]] and is currently on display in [[Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt]], Germany<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Rediscovery of Peale's Mastodon |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3143882 |first1=George |last1=Gaylord Simpson |first2=H. |last2=Tobien |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |volume=98 |issue=4 |year=1954 |pages=279–281}}</ref> This mastodon is the first complete example found in the United States, and may be only the second fossil animal ever mounted for display.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== Taxon described by him ==
⚫
*See [[:Category:Taxa named by Johann Jakob Kaup]]

== Taxon named in his honor ==
*'''''[[Kaupichthys]]''''' <small>[[Leonard Peter Schultz|L. P. Schultz]], 1943</small> is a genus of [[eels]] of the family [[Chlopsidae]]<ref>[https://etyfish.org/search/ The Etyfish Project]</ref> that was named after him.
*'''''[[Physiculus kaupi]]''''' <small>[[Felipe Poey y Aloy|Poey]], 1865</small> is a [[demersal fish|bathydemersal fish]] found in the Western [[Atlantic Ocean]].


==References==
==References==
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Kaup, Johann Jakob|volume=15|page=700}}
*{{1911}}


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{commons category-inline}}
*{{wikispecies-inline}}
{{Authority control}}
|volume=15|page=700


{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaup, Johann Jakob}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaup, Johann Jakob}}
[[Category:German naturalists]]
[[Category:German taxonomists]]
[[Category:1803 births]]
[[Category:1803 births]]
[[Category:1873 deaths]]
[[Category:1873 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Darmstadt]]
[[Category:German ichthyologists]]
⚫
[[Category:People from the Grand Duchy of Hesse]]
[[Category:German ornithologists]]
[[Category:German ornithologists]]
[[Category:German zoologists]]
[[Category:German paleontologists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Darmstadt]]

⚫
[[Category:People from the Grand Duchy of Hesse]]
[[bg:Йохан Якоб Кауп]]
[[Category:19th-century German zoologists]]
⚫
[[de:Johann Jakob Kaup]]
[[fr:Johann Jakob Kaup]]
[[it:Johann Jakob Kaup]]
[[la:Ioannes Iacobus Kaup]]
[[pl:Johann Jacob Kaup]]
[[ru:Кауп, Иоганн Якоб]]
[[fi:Johann Jakob Kaup]]
[[uk:Йоган Якоб Кауп]]

Latest revision as of 03:20, 16 July 2024

Johann Jakob Kaup.

Johann Jakob von Kaup[1] (10 April 1803 – 4 July 1873) was a German naturalist. A proponent of natural philosophy, he believed in an innate mathematical order in nature and he attempted biological classifications based on the Quinarian system. Kaup is also known for having coined popular prehistoric taxa like Pterosauria, Machairodus, Deinotherium, Dorcatherium, and Chalicotherium.

Kaup's pentagram representing the structure of the crow family

Biography

[edit]

He was born at Darmstadt. After studying at Göttingen and Heidelberg he spent two years at Leiden, where his attention was specially devoted to the amphibians and fishes. He then returned to Darmstadt as an assistant in the grand ducal museum, of which in 1840 he became inspector. In 1829 he published Skizze zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der europäischen Thierwelt, in which he regarded the animal world as developed from lower to higher forms, from the amphibians through the birds to the beasts of prey; but subsequently he repudiated this work as a youthful indiscretion, and on the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species he declared himself against its doctrines. The extensive fossil deposits in the neighbourhood of Darmstadt gave him ample opportunities for palaeontological inquiries, and he gained considerable reputation by his Beiträge zur näheren Kenntniss der urweltlichen Säugethiere (1855–1862). He also wrote Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel (1844), and, with Heinrich Georg Bronn, Die Gavial-artigen Reste aus dem Lias (1842–1844).[2] He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1862.[3]

He died at Darmstadt.[2]

Mastodon fossil

[edit]

A particularly important incident in the history of paleontology involves Kaup. In 1854 he bought the American mastodon found in 1799 in Orange County, New York. This is the mastodon immortalized in Charles Willson Peale's painting of the 1801 excavation (painting executed between 1806 and 1808). This mastodon was on display for many years in Peale's Philadelphia Museum and is currently on display in Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Germany[4] This mastodon is the first complete example found in the United States, and may be only the second fossil animal ever mounted for display.[citation needed]

Taxon described by him

[edit]

Taxon named in his honor

[edit]

References

[edit]
  •  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Kaup, Johann Jakob". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 700.

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ Watkins, M. & Boelens, B. (2015): Sharks: An Eponym Dictionary. pp. 219. Pelagic Publishing. ISBN 978-1-907807-93-0.
  2. ^ a b Chisholm 1911.
  3. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
  4. ^ Gaylord Simpson, George; Tobien, H. (1954). "The Rediscovery of Peale's Mastodon". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 98 (4): 279–281.
  5. ^ The Etyfish Project
[edit]

|volume=15|page=700

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