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{{redirect|Salzillo|the Italian sculptor (1672–1727)|Nicolás Salzillo}}
{{Expand Spanish|Francisco Salzillo|date=March 2009}}
{{Expand Spanish|topic=bio|Francisco Salzillo|date=March 2009}}
{{family name hatnote|Salzillo|Alcaraz|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox artist
{{Infobox artist
| name = Francisco Salzillo
| name = Francisco Salzillo
| image = Retrato de Francisco Salzillo (Juan Albacete).jpg
| image = Juan Albacete - Retrato de Francisco Salzillo.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Francisco Salzillo, John Albacete (1823–1883) (Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country ''of Murcia'').
| caption = Portrait of Francisco Salzillo, John Albacete (1823–1883) (Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country ''of Murcia'').
| birth_name = Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz
| birth_name = Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz
| birth_date = {{birth date|1707|05|12|mf=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1707|05|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Murcia]], (Spain)
| birth_place = [[Murcia]], (Spain)
| death_date = March 2, 1783. [[Murcia]], ([[Spain]])
| death_date = {{dda|1783|3|2|1707|05|12|df=y}}
| death_place = Murcia, ([[Spain]])
| death_place = Murcia, ([[Spain]])
| nationality = Spanish
| nationality = Spanish
| religion = Roman Catholic
| known_for = [[sculpture]]
| field = [[sculpture]]
| training =
| training =
| movement = [[baroque]]
| notable_works =
| movement = [[baroque]]
| works =
| spouse =
| spouse =
| patrons =
| patrons =
| awards =
| awards =
}}
}}
'''Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz''' (12 May 1707<ref>Malgares Guerrero, José Antonio. XXII Jornadas de Patrimonio Cultural de la Región de Murcia (Spanish). 2011, p. 418. {{ISBN|978-84-7564-595-7}}</ref> – 2 March 1783) was a [[Spain|Spanish]] [[sculpture|sculptor]]. He is the most representative Spanish image-maker of the 18th century and one of greatest of the [[Baroque]].{{Citation needed|reason=please give a reliable source for this claim|date=June 2009}} Francisco Salzillo worked exclusively on religious themes, and almost always in polychromed wood. He made hundreds of pieces that are distributed throughout the [[Region of Murcia]] and some in bordering provinces. The [[Spanish Civil War]] (1936–1939) caused the destruction of many of the works of Salzillo. Some of his masterpieces include his nonprocessional religious work, his [[procession#Roman Catholics|procession]]al work, and his great [[Nativity of Jesus in art|Nativity]] scene.
'''Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz''' (12 May 1707 &ndash; 2 March 1783<ref>Malgares Guerrero, José Antonio. XXII Jornadas de Patrimonio Cultural de la Región de Murcia (Spanish). 2011, p. 418. {{ISBN|978-84-7564-595-7}}</ref>) was a Spanish [[sculpture|sculptor]]. He is the most representative Spanish image-maker of the 18th century and one of greatest of the [[Baroque]].{{Citation needed|reason=please give a reliable source for this claim|date=June 2009}} Francisco Salzillo worked exclusively on religious themes, and almost always in polychromed wood. He made hundreds of pieces that are distributed throughout the [[Region of Murcia]] and some in bordering provinces. The [[Spanish Civil War]] (1936–1939) caused the destruction of many of the works of Salzillo. Some of his masterpieces include his nonprocessional religious work, his [[procession#Roman Catholics|procession]]al work, and his great [[Nativity of Jesus in art|Nativity]] scene.


==Biography==
==Biography==
He was born in [[Murcia]] to a wood sculptor [[Nicolás Salzillo]]. At the age of twenty he completed the statue of [[St Ines of Montepulciano]], which had been begun for the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] at Murcia by his father. On the death of the latter the care of the family fell upon Francisco, who with the help of his brothers and sisters organized a workshop. In 1765 he also founded a small academy, which, however, was speedily dissolved owing to disunion among the members. In the [[Ermita de Jesús]] in Murcia may be seen Salzillo's scenes from the ''Passion of Our Lord'', a vast work in which all the sculptor's qualities and defects are revealed. In the church of San Miguel are an ''Immaculate Conception'' and a ''St Francis''. Mention should also be made of the ''Christ at the Well'' in the church of [[Santa María de las Gracias]] in Murcia, and of the sculptures in San Pedro and in the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] monastery in Murcia. Salzillo mainly worked in wood and carved "in the round", after which was his work was gilded and polychromed using a technique called [[estofado]]. The attribution of the stone sculptures on the facade of [[St Nicolas's Church]] in Murcia to him, is purely conjectural. A number of sculptures in [[Santiago Apóstol, Lorquí]] are attributed to him or his school.
He was born in [[Murcia]] to an [[Italians|Italian]] wood sculptor, [[Nicolás Salzillo]]. At the age of twenty he completed the statue of [[St Ines of Montepulciano]], which had been begun for the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] at Murcia by his father. On the death of the latter the care of the family fell upon Francisco, who with the help of his brothers and sisters organized a workshop. In 1765 he also founded a small academy, which, however, was speedily dissolved owing to disunion among the members. In the [[Ermita de Jesús]] in Murcia may be seen Salzillo's scenes from the ''Passion of Our Lord'', a vast work in which all the sculptor's qualities and defects are revealed. In the church of San Miguel are an ''Immaculate Conception'' and a ''St Francis''. Mention should also be made of the ''Christ at the Well'' in the church of [[Santa María de las Gracias]] in Murcia, and of the sculptures in San Pedro and in the [[Order of Friars Minor Capuchin|Capuchin]] monastery in Murcia.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} Salzillo mainly worked in wood and carved "in the round", after which was his work was gilded and polychromed using a technique called [[estofado]]. The attribution of the stone sculptures on the facade of [[St Nicolas's Church]] in Murcia to him, is purely conjectural. A number of sculptures in [[Santiago Apóstol, Lorquí]] are attributed to him or his school.


He died in Murcia.
He died in Murcia.


==Main works==
==Main works==
Unlike the great sculptors of the 18th century, like [[Juan Martínez Montañés]] or [[Gregorio Fernández]], Francisco Salzillo did not dwell overly on the dramatic aspects of the scenes he depicted, but explored naturalistic concepts of idealized beauty that heralded the transition from the Baroque style into the Rococó and Neoclasicism. Salzillo founded the so-called Murcian School of Sculpture that extended beyond its time and that has remained effective to the present time, because both his first followers and those who have followed to date have perpetuated the iconographic and stylistic models and types of Salzillo. There is a museum in Murcia dedicated to Salzillo. His main works are:
Unlike the great sculptors of the 17th century, like [[Juan Martínez Montañés]] or [[Gregorio Fernández]], Francisco Salzillo did not dwell overly on the dramatic aspects of the scenes he depicted, but explored naturalistic concepts of idealized beauty that heralded the transition from the Baroque style into the Rococó and Neoclasicism. Salzillo founded the so-called Murcian School of Sculpture that extended beyond its time and that has remained effective to the present time, because both his first followers and those who have followed to date have perpetuated the iconographic and stylistic models and types of Salzillo. There is a museum in Murcia dedicated to Salzillo. His main works are:


*''La Cena'' (The Last [[Supper]]): it was created in 1763 and it is composed of thirteen figures (Jesus and 12 Apostles) seated around a table.
*''La Cena'' (The Last [[Supper]]): it was created in 1763 and it is composed of thirteen figures (Jesus and 12 Apostles) seated around a table.
*''La Oración del Huerto'' (The Agony in the [[Garden]]): created in 1754, in it can be seen, on the one hand, an angel showing the chalice to Jesus, and on the other hand, the scene of the three sleeping apostles under the palm.
*''La Oración del Huerto'' (The Agony in the [[Garden]]): created in 1754, in it can be seen, on the one hand, an angel showing the chalice to Jesus, and on the other hand, the scene of the three sleeping apostles under the palm.
*''El Prendimiento'' or ''El Beso de Judas'' (The Arrest or The Kiss of [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]]): created in 1754, it contrasts the faces of Jesus and Judas, allowing a comparison of beauty and kindness of the former as opposed to the ugliness and evil of the latter.
*''El Prendimiento'' or ''El Beso de Judas'' (The Arrest or The Kiss of [[Judas Iscariot|Judas]]): created in 1754, it contrasts the faces of Jesus and Judas, allowing a comparison of beauty and kindness of the former as opposed to the ugliness and evil of the latter.
*''Jesús en la Columna'' or ''Los Azotes'' (Jesus at the Column or The [[Flagellation]]: sculpted in 1777, it shows the face of Jesus filled with serenity and resignation enduring the lashes which he receives.
*''Jesús en la Columna'' or ''Los Azotes'' (Jesus at the Column or The [[Flagellation]]): sculpted in 1777, it shows the face of Jesus filled with serenity and resignation enduring the lashes which he receives.
*''Santa Mujer Verónica'' (The Holy Woman Veronica): created in 1755, it shows [[Saint Veronica]] with a dolorous expression, taking between her hands the cloth on which is miraculously imprinted the face of Jesus.
*''Santa Mujer Verónica'' (The Holy Woman Veronica): created in 1755, it shows [[Saint Veronica]] with a dolorous expression, taking between her hands the cloth on which is miraculously imprinted the face of Jesus.
*''La Caída'' (The Fall): created in 1752.
*''La Caída'' (The Fall): created in 1752.
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Image:San Juan (Francisco Salzillo).JPG|San Juan. 1756. Museo Salzillo.
Image:San Juan (Francisco Salzillo).JPG|San Juan. 1756. Museo Salzillo.
Image:Laoraciondelhuertomurcia.JPG|La Oración en el Huerto. 1752. Museo Salzillo.
Image:Laoraciondelhuertomurcia.JPG|La Oración en el Huerto. 1752. Museo Salzillo.
Image:Santa florentina.jpg|Sta.Florentina. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
Image:Santa Florentina (20240712 092823).jpg|Sta.Florentina. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
Image:San Isidoro00.jpg|S.Isidoro. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
Image:San Isidoro (20240712 092827).jpg|S.Isidoro. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
Image:San Fulgencio.jpg|S.Fulgencio. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
Image:San Fulgencio (20240712 092754).jpg|S.Fulgencio. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
Image:San leandro.jpg|S.Leandro. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
Image:San Leandro (20240712 092750).jpg|S.Leandro. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
</gallery>
</gallery>


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{{commons category|Francisco Salzillo}}
{{commons category|Francisco Salzillo}}
* [http://www.salzillo2007.es/eng/index.htm Salzillo's 3rd Centenary]
* [http://www.salzillo2007.es/eng/index.htm Salzillo's 3rd Centenary]
* {{es icon}} [http://www.museosalzillo.es/ Salzillo Museum in Murcia]
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.museosalzillo.es/ Salzillo Museum in Murcia]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle = Zarcillo y Alcaraz, Francisco|volume=28}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle = Zarcillo y Alcaraz, Francisco|volume=28|page=959}}
*B. Haendcke, ''Studien zur Geschichte der spanischen Plastik'' (Strassburg, 1900).
*B. Haendcke, ''Studien zur Geschichte der spanischen Plastik'' (Strassburg, 1900).


{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control (arts)|country=ES}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Salzillo, Francisco}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Salzillo, Francisco}}
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[[Category:People from Murcia]]
[[Category:People from Murcia]]
[[Category:18th-century Spanish sculptors]]
[[Category:18th-century Spanish sculptors]]
[[Category:Baroque sculptors]]
[[Category:18th-century Spanish male artists]]
[[Category:Spanish Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Spanish Baroque sculptors]]
[[Category:Spanish male sculptors]]
[[Category:Spanish people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Spanish people of Italian descent]]
[[Category:Catholic sculptors]]

Revision as of 11:23, 15 July 2024

"Salzillo" redirects here. For the Italian sculptor (1672–1727), see Nicolás Salzillo.
In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Salzillo and the second or maternal family name is Alcaraz.
Francisco Salzillo
Portrait of Francisco Salzillo, John Albacete (1823–1883) (Royal Economic Society of Friends of the Country of Murcia).
Born
Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz

(1707-05-12)12 May 1707
Murcia, (Spain)
Died2 March 1783(1783-03-02) (aged 75)
Murcia, (Spain)
NationalitySpanish
Known forsculpture
Movementbaroque

Francisco Salzillo y Alcaraz (12 May 1707 – 2 March 1783[1]) was a Spanish sculptor. He is the most representative Spanish image-maker of the 18th century and one of greatest of the Baroque.[citation needed] Francisco Salzillo worked exclusively on religious themes, and almost always in polychromed wood. He made hundreds of pieces that are distributed throughout the Region of Murcia and some in bordering provinces. The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) caused the destruction of many of the works of Salzillo. Some of his masterpieces include his nonprocessional religious work, his processional work, and his great Nativity scene.

Biography

He was born in Murcia to an Italian wood sculptor, Nicolás Salzillo. At the age of twenty he completed the statue of St Ines of Montepulciano, which had been begun for the Dominicans at Murcia by his father. On the death of the latter the care of the family fell upon Francisco, who with the help of his brothers and sisters organized a workshop. In 1765 he also founded a small academy, which, however, was speedily dissolved owing to disunion among the members. In the Ermita de Jesús in Murcia may be seen Salzillo's scenes from the Passion of Our Lord, a vast work in which all the sculptor's qualities and defects are revealed. In the church of San Miguel are an Immaculate Conception and a St Francis. Mention should also be made of the Christ at the Well in the church of Santa María de las Gracias in Murcia, and of the sculptures in San Pedro and in the Capuchin monastery in Murcia.[2] Salzillo mainly worked in wood and carved "in the round", after which was his work was gilded and polychromed using a technique called estofado. The attribution of the stone sculptures on the facade of St Nicolas's Church in Murcia to him, is purely conjectural. A number of sculptures in Santiago Apóstol, Lorquí are attributed to him or his school.

He died in Murcia.

Main works

Unlike the great sculptors of the 17th century, like Juan Martínez Montañés or Gregorio Fernández, Francisco Salzillo did not dwell overly on the dramatic aspects of the scenes he depicted, but explored naturalistic concepts of idealized beauty that heralded the transition from the Baroque style into the Rococó and Neoclasicism. Salzillo founded the so-called Murcian School of Sculpture that extended beyond its time and that has remained effective to the present time, because both his first followers and those who have followed to date have perpetuated the iconographic and stylistic models and types of Salzillo. There is a museum in Murcia dedicated to Salzillo. His main works are:

  • La Cena (The Last Supper): it was created in 1763 and it is composed of thirteen figures (Jesus and 12 Apostles) seated around a table.
  • La Oración del Huerto (The Agony in the Garden): created in 1754, in it can be seen, on the one hand, an angel showing the chalice to Jesus, and on the other hand, the scene of the three sleeping apostles under the palm.
  • El Prendimiento or El Beso de Judas (The Arrest or The Kiss of Judas): created in 1754, it contrasts the faces of Jesus and Judas, allowing a comparison of beauty and kindness of the former as opposed to the ugliness and evil of the latter.
  • Jesús en la Columna or Los Azotes (Jesus at the Column or The Flagellation): sculpted in 1777, it shows the face of Jesus filled with serenity and resignation enduring the lashes which he receives.
  • Santa Mujer Verónica (The Holy Woman Veronica): created in 1755, it shows Saint Veronica with a dolorous expression, taking between her hands the cloth on which is miraculously imprinted the face of Jesus.
  • La Caída (The Fall): created in 1752.
  • San Juan (Saint John): created in 1756.
  • La Dolorosa (The Virgin of Sorrows): created in 1756.
  • El Belén (The Nativity Scene): created between 1780 and 1800, it was begun by Salzillo and extended by his disciple Roque López. It is a set of 556 mud figures of about 30 cm. of height.
  • Numerous preparatory sketches modeled in terracotta.
  • Sagrada Familia. h.1735. Igl. S.Miguel de Murcia
    Sagrada Familia. h.1735. Igl. S.Miguel de Murcia
  • San Juan. 1756. Museo Salzillo.
    San Juan. 1756. Museo Salzillo.
  • La Oración en el Huerto. 1752. Museo Salzillo.
    La Oración en el Huerto. 1752. Museo Salzillo.
  • Sta.Florentina. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
    Sta.Florentina. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
  • S.Isidoro. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
    S.Isidoro. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
  • S.Fulgencio. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
    S.Fulgencio. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
  • S.Leandro. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
    S.Leandro. 1755. Iglesia de Sta.María de Gracia en Cartagena.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Francisco Salzillo.

References

  1. ^ Malgares Guerrero, José Antonio. XXII Jornadas de Patrimonio Cultural de la Región de Murcia (Spanish). 2011, p. 418. ISBN 978-84-7564-595-7
  2. ^ Chisholm 1911.
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